sentences:  Projecting an identity that was distinctly apart from the Malays was therefore not expedient.In the 1920s and 1930s, the Jawi Peranakan were also criticised for their brand of religious belief of Hanafi Islam which different from Shafi'i Islam practised by the Malays.Furthermore, the Jawi Peranakan tended to be reformist and they challenged the authority of Malay royalty in religious matters.