sentences:  and the need was recognized in a discipline focused exclusively on cultural aspects.The notion of culturology (), as an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities, may be traced in the Soviet Union to the late 1960s and associated with the work of Mikhail Bakhtin, Aleksei Losev, Sergey Averintsev, Georgy Gachev, Yuri Lotman, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Vladimir Toporov, Edward Markarian, and others.This kind of research challenged Marxist socio-political approach to culture.