sentences:  When "francs-tireurs" did attack, homes and entire villages were destroyed by the Germans in retaliation.Following the war, the Germans officially endorsed the use of house demolition as one of a number of forms of collective punishment in the "Kriegs-Etappen-Ordnung", the manual for the rear echelons, even though this violated international law at the time.The tactic was used to devastating effect by the Imperial German Army during the Herero and Namaqua Genocide in German South-West Africa, in which an estimated 75,000-100,000 Africans were killed.