sentences:  The second half of the 19th century saw the emergence in the German empire and Austria-Hungary of the "völkisch" movement, developed by such thinkers as Houston Stewart Chamberlain and Paul de Lagarde.The movement embraced a pseudo-scientific racism that viewed Jews as a race whose members were locked in mortal combat with the Aryan race for world domination.These ideas became commonplace throughout Germany; the professional classes adopted an ideology that did not see humans as racial equals with equal hereditary value.