sentences:  Existing prior to the Dreyfus affair it had expressed itself during the boulangisme affair and the Panama Canal scandal but was limited to an intellectual elite.The Dreyfus Affair spread hatred of Jews through all strata of society, a movement that certainly began with the success of "Jewish France" by Édouard Drumont in 1886.It was then greatly amplified by various legal episodes and press campaigns for nearly fifteen years.