sentences:  Appel announced on September 28, 2014, that the table of contents page of his short story collection, "Scouting for the Reaper", also doubled as a cryptogram, and he pledged an award for the first to solve it.Cryptograms based on substitution ciphers can often be solved by frequency analysis and by recognizing letter patterns in words, such as one letter words, which, in English, can only be "i" or "a" (and sometimes "o").Double letters, apostrophes, and the fact that no letter can substitute for itself in the cipher also offer clues to the solution.