sentences:  These volcanic belts are called volcanic chains.Canadian geologist John Tuzo Wilson came up with the idea in 1963 that volcanic chains like the Hawaiian Islands result from the slow movement of a tectonic plate across a "fixed" hot spot deep beneath the surface of the planet, thought to be caused by a narrow stream of hot mantle convecting up from the mantle-core boundary called a mantle plume.But more recently some geologists, such as Gillian Foulger view upper-mantle convection as a cause.