sentences:  They went to the extent of removing the whole 18th chapter which according to noted critic M. P. Paul, had badly affected the continuity of the novel.Other NBS editions however replaced the 18th chapter but many other changes they made still persist in all the available versions of the book.The first English translation was by John Willoughby Francis Dumergue, a friend of O. Chandu Menon who worked as a Malayalam translator to the Madras Government.