sentences:  Educated at the High School of Dundee and the University of St Andrews from 1913, he took a first in classics (MA 1917).His studies were interrupted by service in France with the Royal Engineers (1916–1918).After the war he pursued divinity at New College, Edinburgh, then a United Free Church of Scotland institution, with postgraduate work at the University of Bonn (1921–1922) and an assistantship at Barclay Church, Edinburgh.