sentences:  Evidence of the device's effectiveness is weak and evidence supporting the benefit-risk profiles of alternatives is strong”.While JRC contended that electric skin shocks were used as a last resort only in cases of violent and self-injurious behavior, a 2006 report by the New York State Education Department found that the shocks were used for minor episodes of noncompliance, and that students were not provided with positive behavior supports, contrary to JRC's claims.In its 2006 "Private Special Education School Program Review Report of Findings", the Massachusetts Department of Education found that unsigned Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) were being utilized for students at JRC, and that the school did not have a written policy indicating that it must obtain consent before revising or changing an IEP.