sentences:  It grew from 2.8 to 5.4 million square kilometers from 1533 to 1584.Ivan defeated and annexed the Khanate of Kazan on the middle Volga in 1552 and later the Astrakhan Khanate, where the Volga meets the Caspian Sea.These victories transformed Russia into a multiethnic and multiconfessional state, which it continues to be today.