sentences:  But this increase was a function of the decline of mass protest, not of its extension.Indeed, deliberate targeted violence did not become common until 1972-3, when all the other forms of collective action had declined.” All of which leads him to forcefully conclude that “organized violence was the product of demobilization.” 
  Donatella della Porta, in her comparative analysis of political 
  violence and cycles of protest in Italy and Germany between 1960 and 1990, maintains 
  that “when mass mobilization declined, the movements went back to more institutional 
  forms of collective action, whereas small groups resorted to more organized forms of 
  violence.” 
  
  Mark R. Beissinger, in his study on cycles of protest and 
  nationalist violence in the Soviet Union between 1987 and 1992, also detects this 
  pattern, but in this case violence takes the form of ethnic communal conflict rather than 
  terrorism.As he says, “the rise of violence in the USSR in significant part was 
  associated with the decline of nonviolent mobilization contesting interrepublican 
  borders.” 
  
  During the 1870s, the “populists” or “nihilists”, the proponents of a Russian variant of anarchism, organized the so-called 
  “pilgrimages to the people”, which involved small groups of members of the urban, petit bourgeois intelligentsia going into small villages to persuade peasants of the
  necessity of revolution.