sentences:  This included an increase in personnel, the harmonization of the conditions of service of field and headquarters staff, the development of guidelines and standard operating procedures, and improving the partnership arrangement between the Department of Peace Operations (DPO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), African Union and European Union.One area of this reform effort has been the development of clearer internal doctrine or guidance for UN peacekeeping.The highest level DPO doctrine document was issued in 2008, known as the 'capstone' doctrine.