sentences:  In 1996, Schwartzman was awarded the "Grand Cross" of the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit for his contributions to the cause and development of science in Brazil.In recent years, Schwartzman has written extensively on issues related to brain drain and brain circulation in the academic world, the Affirmative Action program in Brazilian higher education, and equity in education.He has been part of international teams of experts convened by OECD and The World Bank to advise governments on higher education, science and technology policies.