sentences:  Padmanabhan's original research contributions have made a significant impact on the subjects of gravitation and cosmology.His work in the last decade has far-reaching implications both for quantum gravity and for the nature of dark energy.During 2002–2015, he provided a clear interpretation of gravity as an emergent phenomenon (like elasticity or fluid dynamics) and showed that this paradigm extends to a wide class of theories of gravitation including, but not limited to, general relativity.