sentences: "In poems "Woe, time, time" (ვაჰ, დრონი, დრონი), "Listen, listener" (ისმინეთ მსმენნო), and "Caucasia" (კავკასია), the "Golden Age" of medieval Georgia was contrasted with its unremarkable present.As a social activist, however, he remained mostly a "cultural nationalist," defender of the native language, and an advocate of the interest of Georgian aristocratic and intellectual elites.