sentences:  By the early 1980s, there was growing dissatisfaction among development experts with both the reductionism of formal surveys, and the biases of typical field visits.In 1983, Robert Chambers, a Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies (UK), used the term "rapid rural appraisal" (RRA) to describe techniques that could bring about a "reversal of learning", to learn from rural people directly.Two years later, the first international conference to share experiences relating to RRA was held in Thailand.