Let's break this down. We're going to add 1003 and 5478 together.

Step 1: We'll start by adding the digits 3 & 8 in column 1 and get 11.
We'll write down the last digit 1 and carry the 1 to the next column.

Step 2: We'll start by adding the digits 0 & 7 in column 2 and get 8.

Step 3: We'll start by adding the digits 0 & 4 in column 3 and get 4.

Step 4: We'll start by adding the digits 1 & 5 in column 4 and get 6.

So, 1003 + 5478 = 6481.

