10 ÷ 2 = 5 R0
We're going to perform division on 10 with 2 as the divisor.

Step 1:
2 goes into 1 0 times with a remainder of 1.
Write down 0 as next digit of of the result. 
Result so far: 0
Subtract 0 from 1 to get 1.
Bring next digit (0) of the dividend behind the 1 and repeat the process: 10 / 2

Step 2:
2 goes into 10 5 times with a remainder of 0.
Write down 5 as next digit of of the result. 
Result so far: 5
Subtract 10 from 10 to get 0.

The final result is 5 with a remainder of 0.