commercial forecasts and, with regard to IPR&D, also reflect the impact of new scientific findings and delayed launch dates. The intangible asset impairment charges for 2013 are associated with the following: Specialty Care ($394 million); Established Products ($201 million); Worldwide Research and Development ($140 million); Primary Care ($54 million); and Consumer Healthcare ($14 million).

• In 2012, $835 million, reflecting (i) $393 million of IPR&D assets, primarily related to compounds that targeted autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (full write-off) and, to a lesser extent, compounds related to pain treatment; (ii) $175 million related to our Consumer Healthcare indefinite-lived brand assets, primarily Robitussin, a cough suppressant; (iii) $242 million related to developed technology rights, a charge composed of impairments of various products, none of which individually exceeded $45 million; and (iv) $25 million of finite-lived brands. The intangible asset impairment charges for 2012 reflect, among other things, the impact of new scientific findings, updated commercial forecasts, changes in pricing, an increased competitive environment and litigation uncertainties regarding intellectual property. The impairment charges in 2012 are associated with the following: Worldwide Research and Development ($303 million); Consumer Healthcare ($200 million); Primary Care ($137 million); Established Products ($83 million); Specialty Care ($56 million); and Emerging Markets ($56 million).

• In 2011, $834 million, the majority of which relates to intangible assets that were acquired as part of our acquisition of Wyeth. These impairment charges reflect (i) $458 million of IPR&D assets, primarily related to two compounds for the treatment of certain autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; (ii) $193 million related to our biopharmaceutical indefinite-lived brand, Xanax/Xanax XR; and (iii) $183 million related to developed technology rights comprising the impairment of five assets. The intangible asset impairment charges for 2011 reflect, among other things, the impact of new scientific findings and an increased competitive environment. The impairment charges in 2011 are associated with the following: Worldwide Research and Development ($394 million); Established Products ($193 million); Specialty Care ($135 million); Primary Care ($56 million); and Oncology ($56 million).

For a description of our accounting policy, see Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements––Note 1K. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies: Amortization of Intangible Assets, Depreciation and Certain Long-Lived Assets.

When we are required to determine the fair value of intangible assets other than goodwill, we use an income approach, specifically the multi- period excess earnings method, also known as the discounted cash flow method. We start with a forecast of all the expected net cash flows associated with the asset, which includes the application of a terminal value for indefinite-lived assets, and then we apply an asset-specific discount rate to arrive at a net present value amount. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in this