R&D and corporate functions. The aforementioned workforce reductions include the impact of acquisitions and divestitures subsequent to the Wyeth acquisition.

• The increased use of shared services and centers of excellence.

• Procurement savings.

The following table provides the components of costs associated with acquisitions and cost-reduction/productivity initiatives: Year Ended December 31,

The restructuring charges in 2012 are associated with the following:

• Primary Care operating segment ($295 million), Specialty Care and Oncology operating segment ($175 million), Established Products and Emerging Markets operating segment ($125 million), Animal Health operating segment ($59 million), Consumer Healthcare operating segment ($45 million), research and development operations ($6 million income), manufacturing operations ($265 million) and Corporate ($516 million).

The restructuring charges in 2011 are associated with the following:

• Primary Care operating segment ($593 million), Specialty Care and Oncology operating segment ($220 million), Established Products and Emerging Markets operating segment ($110 million), Animal Health operating segment ($45 million), Consumer Healthcare operating segment ($8 million), research and development operations ($490 million), manufacturing operations ($287 million) and Corporate ($422 million).

The restructuring charges in 2010 are associated with the following:

• Primary Care operating segment ($71 million), Specialty Care and Oncology operating segment ($197 million), Established Products and Emerging Markets operating segment ($43 million), Animal Health operating segment ($34 million), Consumer Healthcare operating segment ($12 million), research and development operations ($297 million), manufacturing operations ($1.1 billion) and Corporate ($350 million).

(d) Additional depreciation––asset restructuring represents the impact of changes in the estimated useful lives of assets involved in restructuring actions.

(e) Implementation costs represent external, incremental costs directly related to implementing our non-acquisition-related cost-reduction and productivity

 initiatives.

The following table provides the components of and changes in our restructuring accruals:

        • charges for litigation-related matters that were approximately $1.4 billion higher in 2012 than in 2011, primarily due to a $491 million charge resulting from an agreement-in-principle with the U.S. Department of Justice to resolve an investigation into Wyeth's historical promotional practices in connection with Rapamune, a $450 million settlement of a lawsuit by Brigham Young University related to Celebrex, and charges related to Chantix litigation (for additional information, see Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies); and

• royalty-related income that was approximately $100 million lower in 2012 than in 2011.

2011 v. 2010

Other deductions––net changed favorably by 37% in 2011, compared to 2010, which primarily reflects:

• asset impairment charges that were approximately $888 million higher in 2010 than in 2011, (see below); and

• charges for litigation-related