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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Border Protection and Infrastructure
Act of 1998''.

SEC. 2. FELONY PUNISHMENT FOR VIOLENCE COMMITTED ALONG THE UNITED
              STATES BORDER.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 27 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 554. Violence while eluding inspection or during violation of
              arrival, reporting, entry, or clearance requirements
    ``(a) Whoever attempts to commit or commits a crime of violence
during and in relation to--
            ``(1) attempting to elude or eluding customs, immigration,
        or agriculture inspection or failing to stop at the command of
        an officer of customs, immigration, or animal and plant and
        health inspection services; or
            ``(2) an intentional violation of arrival, reporting,
        entry, or clearance requirements, as set forth in a provision
        of law listed in subsection (c);
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than 5
years, or both, except that if bodily injury (as defined in section
1365(g) of this title) results, the maximum term of imprisonment is 10
years, and if death results, the offender may be imprisoned for any
term of years or for life, and may be sentenced to death.
    ``(b) If 2 or more persons conspire to commit an offense under
subsection (a), and 1 or more of such persons do any act to effect the
object of the conspiracy, each shall be punishable as a principal,
except that the sentence of death may not be imposed.
    ``(c) The provisions of law referred to in subsection (a) are--
            ``(1) section 107 of the Federal Plant Pest Act (7 U.S.C.
        150ff);
            ``(2) section 7 of the Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974 (7
        U.S.C. 2806);
            ``(3) section 431, 433, 434, or 459 of the Tariff Act of
        1930 (19 U.S.C. 1431, 1433, 1434, 1459);
            ``(4) section 6 of the Act of August 30, 1890 (21 U.S.C.
        105; Chapter 839, 26 Stat. 416);
            ``(5) section 2 of the Act of February 2, 1903 (21 U.S.C.
        111; Chapter 349, 32 Stat. 791);
            ``(6) section 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, or 238 of the
        Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1221, 1222, 1224,
        1225, 1226, 1227, 1228); or
            ``(7) section 4197 of the Revised Statutes of the United
        States (46 U.S.C. App. 91), section 111 of title 21, United
        States Code.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of
chapter 27 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting at
the end the following new item:

``554. Violence while eluding inspection or during violation of
                            arrival, reporting, entry, or clearance
                            requirements.''.

SEC. 3. INCREASED PENALTY FOR FALSE STATEMENT OFFENSE.

    Section 542 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking
``two years'' and inserting ``5 years''.

SEC. 4. SANCTIONS FOR FAILURE TO LAND OR HEAVE TO, OBSTRUCTING A LAWFUL
              BOARDING, AND PROVIDING FALSE INFORMATION.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 109 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 2237. Sanctions for failure to heave to; sanctions for
              obstruction of boarding and providing false information
    ``(a)(1) It shall be unlawful for the master, operator, or person
in charge of a vessel of the United States or a vessel subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States, to fail to obey an order to heave to
that vessel on being ordered to do so by an authorized Federal law
enforcement officer.
    ``(2) It shall be unlawful for any person on board a vessel of the
United States or a vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States knowingly or willfully to--
            ``(A) fail to comply with an order of an authorized Federal
        law enforcement officer in connection with the boarding of the
        vessel;
            ``(B) impede or obstruct a boarding or arrest, or other law
        enforcement action authorized by any Federal law; or
            ``(C) provide false information to a Federal law
        enforcement officer during a boarding of a vessel regarding the
        vessel's destination, origin, ownership, registration,
        nationality, cargo, or crew.
    ``(3)(A) It shall be unlawful for the pilot, operator, or person in
charge of an aircraft which has crossed the border of the United
States, or an aircraft subject to the jurisdiction of the United States
operating outside the United States, to knowingly fail to obey an order
to land by an authorized Federal law enforcement officer who is
enforcing the laws of the United States relating to controlled
substances, as that term is defined in section 102(6) of the Controlled
Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(6)), or relating to money laundering
(sections 1956-57 of this title).
    ``(B) The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, in
consultation with the Commissioner of Customs and the Attorney General,
shall prescribe regulations governing the means by, and circumstances
under which a Federal law enforcement officer may communicate an order
to land to a pilot, operator, or person in charge of an aircraft. Such
regulations shall ensure that any such order is clearly communicated in
accordance with applicable international standards. Further, such
regulations shall establish guidelines based on observed conduct, prior
information, or other circumstances for determining when an officer may
use the authority granted under subparagraph (A).
    ``(b) This section does not limit in any way the preexisting
authority of a customs officer under section 581 of the Tariff Act of
1930 or any other provision of law enforced or administered by the
Customs Service, or the preexisting authority of any Federal law
enforcement officer under any law of the United States to order an
aircraft to land or a vessel to heave to.
    ``(c) A foreign nation may consent or waive objection to the
enforcement of United States law by the United States under this
section by international agreement or, on a case-by-case basis, by
radio, telephone, or similar oral or electronic means. Consent or
waiver may be proven by certification of the Secretary of State or the
Secretary's designee.
    ``(d) For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) the terms `vessel of the United States' and `vessel
        subject to the jurisdiction of the United States' have the
        meanings set forth for these terms, respectively, in the
        Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (46 App. U.S.C. 1903);
            ``(2) the term `heave to' means to cause a vessel to slow
        or come to a stop to facilitate a law enforcement boarding by
        adjusting the course and speed of the vessel to account for the
        weather conditions and sea state;
            ``(3) an aircraft `subject to the jurisdiction of the
        United States' includes--
                    ``(A) an aircraft located over the United States or
                the customs waters of the United States;
                    ``(B) an aircraft located in the airspace of a
                foreign nation, where that nation consents to the
                enforcement of United States law by the United States;
                and
                    ``(C) over the high seas, an aircraft without
                nationality, an aircraft of United States registry, or
                an aircraft registered in a foreign nation that has
                consented or waived objection to the enforcement of
                United States law by the United States;
            ``(4) an aircraft `without nationality' includes--
                    ``(A) an aircraft aboard which the pilot, operator,
                or person in charge makes a claim of registry, which
                claim is denied by the nation whose registry is
                claimed; and
                    ``(B) an aircraft aboard which the pilot, operator,
                or person in charge fails, upon request of an officer
                of the United States empowered to enforce applicable
                provisions of United States law, to make a claim of
                registry for that aircraft; and
            ``(5) the term `Federal law enforcement officer' has the
        meaning set forth in section 115 of this title.
    ``(e) Whoever intentionally violates this section shall be fined
under this title or imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.
    ``(f) An aircraft or vessel that is used in violation of this
section may be seized and forfeited to the United States. The laws
relating to the seizure, summary and judicial forfeiture, and
condemnation of property for violation of the customs laws, the
disposition of such property or the proceeds from the sale thereof, the
remission or mitigation of such forfeitures, and the compromise of
claims, shall apply to seizures and forfeitures undertaken, or alleged
to have been undertaken, under any of the provisions of this section;
except that such duties as are imposed upon the customs officer or any
other person with respect to the seizure and forfeiture of property
under the customs laws shall be performed with respect to seizures and
forfeitures of property under this section by such officers, agents, or
other persons as may be authorized or designated for that purpose. An
aircraft or vessel that is used in violation of this section is also
liable in rem for any fine imposed under this section.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of
chapter 109 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at
the end the following new item:

``2237. Sanctions for failure to heave to; sanctions for obstruction of
                            boarding or providing false information.''.

SEC. 5. CIVIL PENALTIES TO SUPPORT MARITIME LAW ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 17 of title 14, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 676. Civil penalty for failure to comply with vessel boarding
    ``(a) Any person that engages in conduct that violates section
2237(a) (1) or (2) of title 18, United States Code, shall be liable to
the United States Government--
            ``(1) for a civil penalty of not more than $25,000, in the
        case of an intentional violation; or
            ``(2) for a civil penalty of not more than $15,000, in the
        case of any other violation.
    ``(b) A vessel used to engage in conduct for which a penalty is
imposed under subsection (a) is liable in rem for that penalty and may
be seized, forfeited, and sold in accordance with customs laws.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of
chapter 17 of title 14, United States Code, is amended by adding at the
end the following new item:

``676. Civil penalty for failure to comply with vessel boarding.''.

SEC. 6. INCREASED NUMBER OF BORDER PATROL AGENTS.

    Section 101(a) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-208; 110 Stat. 3009-553) is
amended to read as follows:
    ``(a) Increased Number of Border Patrol Agents.--The Attorney
General shall increase the number of positions for full-time, active-
duty border patrol agents within the Immigration and Naturalization
Service to achieve a level of 20,000 positions by fiscal year 2003.''.

SEC. 7. BORDER PATROL PURSUIT POLICY.

    Within ten miles of the international border of the United States,
a border patrol agent of the United States Border Patrol may not cease
pursuit of an alien who the agent suspects has unlawfully entered the
United States, or an individual who the agent suspects has unlawfully
imported a narcotic into the United States, until State or local law
enforcement authorities are in pursuit of the alien or individual and
have the alien or individual in their visual range.

SEC. 8. AUTHORIZATION FOR BORDER PATROL TO INTERDICT THE IMPORTATION OF
              NARCOTICS.

    The United States Border Patrol within the Department of Justice
shall have as one of it functions the prevention of unlawful
importation of narcotics into the United States and confiscation of
such narcotics.

SEC. 9. CONSTRUCTION OF BARRIERS AND ROADS TO DETER DRUG TRAFFICKING.

    (a) In General.--(1) The Attorney General, in consultation with the
Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization, may take such actions
as necessary (including the removal of obstacles to the detection of
illegal entrants into the United States) to install multilayered
barriers and roads in the vicinity of the United States border for the
purpose of deterring drug trafficking in areas of high drug trafficking
into the United States. In determining the locations for such
multilayered barriers and roads, the Attorney General shall consider,
but not limit consideration to, the following sites:
            (A) The San Diego-Tijuana corridor.
            (B) The Calexico-Mexicali corridor.
            (C) The Yuma-San Luis corridor.
            (D) The Douglas-Nogales corridor.
            (E) The El Paso-Juarez corridor.
            (F) The Presidio-Ojinaga corridor.
            (G) The Del Rio-Acuna corridor.
            (H) The Eagle Pass-Piedras Negras corridor.
            (I) The Laredo-Nueva Laredo corridor.
            (J) The Rio Grand City-Roma corridor.
            (K) The McAllen corridor.
            (L) The Brownsville-Matamoras corridor.
    (2) The Attorney General, acting under the authority contained in
section 103(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, shall promptly
acquire such easements as may be necessary to carry out this section
and shall commence construction of multilayered barriers and roads
immediately following such acquisition (or conclusion of portions
thereof).
    (3) The Attorney General, while constructing multilayered barriers
and roads under this section, shall incorporate such safety features
into the design of the multilayered barriers and roads as are necessary
to ensure the well being of border patrol agents deployed within, or in
near proximity to, the system.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.
Amounts appropriated pursuant to this subsection shall remain available
until expended.

Output:
Border Protection and Infrastructure Act of 1998 - Amends the Federal criminal code to prohibit and set penalties for committing (or attempting to commit) a crime of violence during and in relation to: (1) eluding customs, immigration, or agriculture inspection or failing to stop at the command of an officer of customs, immigration, or animal and plant and health inspection services; or (2) an intentional violation of specified arrival, reporting, entry, or clearance requirements (provides for imposition of a death sentence if death results).
Specifies that if two or more persons conspire to commit such an offense, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each shall be punishable as a principal, except that the death sentence may not be imposed.
(Sec. 3) Increases the penalty for entry of goods by means of false statements.
(Sec. 4) Prohibits the master, operator, or person in charge of a vessel of, or subject to the jurisdiction of, the United States from failing to obey an order to heave to that vessel upon being ordered to do so by an authorized Federal law enforcement officer.  Prohibits any person on board from knowingly or willfully:  (1) failing to comply with an order of such an officer in connection with the boarding of the vessel; (2) impeding or obstructing a boarding, arrest, or other law enforcement action authorized by Federal law; or (3) providing false information to such an officer during a boarding regarding the vessel's destination, origin, ownership, registration, nationality, cargo, or crew.
Prohibits the pilot, operator, or person in charge of an aircraft which has crossed the U.S. border, or an aircraft subject to U.S. jurisdiction operating outside the United States, from knowingly failing to obey an order to land by such an officer who is enforcing U.S. laws relating to controlled substances or money laundering.
Directs the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to prescribe regulations governing the means by, and circumstances under which, such an officer may communicate an order to land.
Authorizes a foreign nation to consent or waive objection to such enforcement of U.S. law by the United States by international agreement or, on a case-by-case basis, by radio, telephone, or similar oral or electronic means.
Sets penalties for intentional violations.  Authorizes seizure and forfeiture to the United States of an aircraft or vessel used in violations.
(Sec. 5) Establishes civil penalties for failure to comply with vessel boarding.
(Sec. 6) Directs the Attorney General to increase the number of positions for full-time, active-duty border patrol agents within the Immigration and Naturalization Service to achieve a level of 20,000 positions by FY 2003.
(Sec. 7) Prohibits a U.S. Border Patrol agent, within ten miles of the U.S. international border, from ceasing pursuit of an alien suspecting of unlawfully entering the United States, or of an individual suspected of unlawfully importing a narcotic into the United States, until State or local law enforcement authorities are in pursuit of the alien or individual and have the alien or individual in their visual range.
(Sec. 8) Authorizes:  (1) the Border Patrol to interdict the importation of narcotics; and (2) the Attorney General to install multi-layered barriers and roads in the U.S. border vicinity to deter drug trafficking in high drug trafficking areas.  Authorizes appropriations.


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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Women's Health Protection Act of
2015''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Access to safe, legal abortion services is essential to
        women's health and central to women's ability to participate
        equally in the economic and social life of the United States.
            (2) Access to safe, legal abortion services has been
        hindered in the United States in various ways, including
        blockades of health care facilities and associated violence;
        restrictions on insurance coverage; restrictions on minors'
        ability to obtain services; and requirements and restrictions
        that single out abortion providers and those seeking their
        services, and which do not further women's health or the safety
        of abortion, but harm women by reducing the availability of
        services.
            (3) In the early 1990s, protests and blockades at health
        care facilities where abortions were performed, and associated
        violence, increased dramatically and reached crisis level,
        requiring Congressional action. Congress passed the Freedom of
        Access to Clinic Entrances Act (Public Law 103-259) to address
        that situation and ensure that women could physically access
        abortion services.
            (4) Since 2010, there has been an equally dramatic increase
        in the number of laws and regulations singling out abortion
        that threaten women's health and their ability to access safe
        abortion services by interfering with health care
        professionals' ability to provide such services. Congressional
        action is now necessary to put an end to these restrictions. In
        addition, there has been a dramatic increase in the passage of
        laws that blatantly violate the constitutional protections
        afforded women, such as bans on abortion prior to viability.
            (5) Legal abortion is one of the safest medical procedures
        in the United States. That safety is furthered by regulations
        that are based on science and are generally applicable to the
        medical profession or to medically comparable procedures.
            (6) Many State and local governments are imposing
        restrictions on the provision of abortion that are neither
        science-based nor generally applicable to the medical
        profession or to medically comparable procedures. Though
        described by their proponents as health and safety regulations,
        many of these abortion-specific restrictions do not advance the
        safety of abortion services and do nothing to protect women's
        health. Also, these restrictions interfere with women's
        personal and private medical decisions, make access to abortion
        more difficult and costly, and even make it impossible for some
        women to obtain those services.
            (7) These restrictions harm women's health by reducing
        access not only to abortion services but also to the other
        essential health care services offered by the providers
        targeted by the restrictions, including contraceptive services,
        which reduce unintended pregnancies and thus abortions, and
        screenings for cervical cancer and sexually transmitted
        infections. These harms fall especially heavily on low-income
        women, women of color, and women living in rural and other
        medically underserved areas.
            (8) The cumulative effect of these numerous restrictions
        has been widely varying access to abortion services such that a
        woman's ability to exercise her constitutional rights is
        dependent on the State in which she lives. Federal legislation
        putting a stop to harmful restrictions throughout the United
        States is necessary to ensure that women in all States have
        access to safe abortion services, an essential constitutional
        right repeatedly affirmed by the United States Supreme Court.
            (9) Congress has the authority to protect women's ability
        to access abortion services pursuant to its powers under the
        Commerce Clause and its powers under section 5 of the
        Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution to enforce the
        provisions of section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment.
    (b) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this Act to protect women's
health by ensuring that abortion services will continue to be available
and that abortion providers are not singled out for medically
unwarranted restrictions that harm women by preventing them from
accessing safe abortion services. It is not the purpose of this Act to
address all threats to access to abortion (for example, this Act does
not apply to clinic violence, restrictions on insurance or medical
assistance coverage of abortion, or requirements for parental consent
or notification before a minor may obtain an abortion) which Congress
should address through separate legislation as appropriate.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Abortion.--The term ``abortion'' means any medical
        treatment, including the prescription of medication, intended
        to cause the termination of a pregnancy except for the purpose
        of increasing the probability of a live birth, to remove an
        ectopic pregnancy, or to remove a dead fetus.
            (2) Abortion provider.--The term ``abortion provider''
        means a health care professional who performs abortions.
            (3) Government.--The term ``government'' includes a branch,
        department, agency, instrumentality, or individual acting under
        color of law of the United States, a State, or a subdivision of
        a State.
            (4) Health care professional.--The term ``health care
        professional'' means a licensed medical professional (including
        physicians, certified nurse-midwives, nurse practitioners, and
        physician assistants) who is competent to perform abortions
        based on clinical training.
            (5) Medically comparable procedures.--The term ``medically
        comparable procedures'' means medical procedures that are
        similar in terms of risk, complexity, duration, or the degree
        of sterile precaution that is indicated.
            (6) Pregnancy.--The term ``pregnancy'' refers to the period
        of the human reproductive process beginning with the
        implantation of a fertilized egg.
            (7) State.--The term ``State'' includes each of the 50
        States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
        Rico, and each territory or possession of the United States.
            (8) Viability.--the term ``viability'' means the point in a
        pregnancy at which, in the good-faith medical judgment of the
        treating health care professional, based on the particular
        facts of the case before her or him, there is a reasonable
        likelihood of sustained fetal survival outside the uterus with
        or without artificial support.

SEC. 4. PROHIBITED MEASURES AND ACTIONS.

    (a) General Prohibitions.--The following limitations or
requirements are unlawful and shall not be imposed or applied by any
government because they single out the provision of abortion services
for restrictions that are more burdensome than those restrictions
imposed on medically comparable procedures, they do not significantly
advance women's health or the safety of abortion services, and they
make abortion services more difficult to access:
            (1) A requirement that a medical professional perform
        specific tests or medical procedures in connection with the
        provision of an abortion, unless generally required for the
        provision of medically comparable procedures.
            (2) A requirement that the same clinician who performs a
        patient's abortion also perform specified tests, services or
        procedures prior, or subsequent, to the abortion.
            (3) A limitation on an abortion provider's ability to
        prescribe or dispense drugs based on current evidence-based
        regimens or her or his good-faith medical judgment, other than
        a limitation generally applicable to the medical profession.
            (4) A limitation on an abortion provider's ability to
        provide abortion services via telemedicine, other than a
        limitation generally applicable to the provision of medical
        services via telemedicine.
            (5) A requirement or limitation concerning the physical
        plant, equipment, staffing, or hospital transfer arrangements
        of facilities where abortions are performed, or the credentials
        or hospital privileges or status of personnel at such
        facilities, that is not imposed on facilities or the personnel
        of facilities where medically comparable procedures are
        performed.
            (6) A requirement that, prior to obtaining an abortion, a
        patient make one or more medically unnecessary in-person visits
        to the provider of abortion services or to any individual or
        entity that does not provide abortion services.
            (7) A requirement or limitation that prohibits or restricts
        medical training for abortion procedures, other than a
        requirement or limitation generally applicable to medical
        training for medically comparable procedures.
    (b) Other Prohibited Measures or Actions.--
            (1) In general.--A measure or action directed at
        restricting the provision of abortion services or the
        facilities that provide abortion services that is similar to
        any of the prohibited limitations or requirements described in
        subsection (a) shall be unlawful if such measure or action
        singles out abortion services or makes abortion services more
        difficult to access and does not significantly advance women's
        health or the safety of abortion services.
            (2) Prima facie case.--To make a prima facie showing that a
        measure or action is unlawful under paragraph (1) a plaintiff
        shall demonstrate that the measure or action involved--
                    (A) singles out the provision of abortion services
                or facilities in which abortion services are performed;
                or
                    (B) impedes women's access to abortion services
                based on one or more of the factors described in
                paragraph (3).
            (3) Factors.--Factors for a court to consider in
        determining whether a measure or action impedes access to
        abortion services for purposes of paragraph (2)(B) include the
        following:
                    (A) Whether the measure or action interferes with
                an abortion provider's ability to provide care and
                render services in accordance with her or his good-
                faith medical judgment.
                    (B) Whether the measure or action is reasonably
                likely to delay some women in accessing abortion
                services.
                    (C) Whether the measure or action is reasonably
                likely to directly or indirectly increase the cost of
                providing abortion services or the cost for obtaining
                abortion services (including costs associated with
                travel, childcare, or time off work).
                    (D) Whether the measure or action requires, or is
                reasonably likely to have the effect of necessitating,
                a trip to the offices of the abortion provider that
                would not otherwise be required.
                    (E) Whether the measure or action is reasonably
                likely to result in a decrease in the availability of
                abortion services in the State.
                    (F) Whether the measure or action imposes criminal
                or civil penalties that are not imposed on other health
                care professionals for comparable conduct or failure to
                act or that are harsher than penalties imposed on other
                health care professionals for comparable conduct or
                failure to act.
                    (G) The cumulative impact of the measure or action
                combined with other new or existing requirements or
                restrictions.
            (4) Defense.--A measure or action shall be unlawful under
        this subsection upon making a prima facie case (as provided for
        under paragraph (2)), unless the defendant establishes, by
        clear and convincing evidence, that--
                    (A) the measure or action significantly advances
                the safety of abortion services or the health of women;
                and
                    (B) the safety of abortion services or the health
                of women cannot be advanced by a less restrictive
                alternative measure or action.
    (c) Other Prohibitions.--The following restrictions on the
performance of abortion are unlawful and shall not be imposed or
applied by any government:
            (1) A prohibition or ban on abortion prior to fetal
        viability.
            (2) A prohibition on abortion after fetal viability when,
        in the good-faith medical judgment of the treating physician,
        continuation of the pregnancy would pose a risk to the pregnant
        woman's life or health.
            (3) A restriction that limits a pregnant woman's ability to
        obtain an immediate abortion when a health care professional
        believes, based on her or his good-faith medical judgment, that
        delay would pose a risk to the woman's health.
            (4) A measure or action that prohibits or restricts a woman
        from obtaining an abortion prior to fetal viability based on
        her reasons or perceived reasons or that requires a woman to
        state her reasons before obtaining an abortion prior to fetal
        viability.
    (d) Limitation.--The provisions of this Act shall not apply to laws
regulating physical access to clinic entrances, requirements for
parental consent or notification before a minor may obtain an abortion,
insurance coverage or medical assistance of abortion, or the procedure
described in section 1531(b)(1) of title 18, United States Code.
    (e) Effective Date.--This Act shall apply to government
restrictions on the provision of abortion services, whether statutory
or otherwise, whether they are enacted or imposed prior to or after the
date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 5. LIBERAL CONSTRUCTION.

    (a) Liberal Construction.--In interpreting the provisions of this
Act, a court shall liberally construe such provisions to effectuate the
purposes of the Act.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed
to authorize any government to interfere with a woman's ability to
terminate her pregnancy, to diminish or in any way negatively affect a
woman's constitutional right to terminate her pregnancy, or to displace
any other remedy for violations of the constitutional right to
terminate a pregnancy.

SEC. 6. ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Attorney General.--The Attorney General may commence a civil
action for prospective injunctive relief on behalf of the United States
against any government official that is charged with implementing or
enforcing any restriction that is challenged as unlawful under this
Act.
    (b) Private Right of Action.--
            (1) In general.--Any individual or entity aggrieved by an
        alleged violation of this Act may commence a civil action for
        prospective injunctive relief against the government official
        that is charged with implementing or enforcing the restriction
        that is challenged as unlawful under this Act.
            (2) Facility or professional.--A health care facility or
        medical professional may commence an action for prospective
        injunctive relief on behalf of the facility's or professional's
        patients who are or may be adversely affected by an alleged
        violation of this Act.
    (c) Equitable Relief.--In any action under this section, the court
may award appropriate equitable relief, including temporary,
preliminary, or permanent injunctive relief.
    (d) Costs.--In any action under this section, the court shall award
costs of litigation, as well as reasonable attorney fees, to any
prevailing plaintiff. A plaintiff shall not be liable to a defendant
for costs in an action under this section.
    (e) Jurisdiction.--The district courts of the United States shall
have jurisdiction over proceedings commenced pursuant to this section
and shall exercise the same without regard to whether the party
aggrieved shall have exhausted any administrative or other remedies
that may be provided for by law.

SEC. 7. PREEMPTION.

    No State or subdivision thereof shall enact or enforce any law,
rule, regulation, standard, or other provision having the force and
effect of law that conflicts with any provision of this Act.

SEC. 8. SEVERABILITY.

    If any provision of this Act, or the application of such provision
to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the
remainder of this Act, or the application of such provision to all
other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.

Output: Women's Health Protection Act of 2015 This bill prohibits any government from imposing on abortion services:  a requirement that a medical professional perform specific tests or medical procedures; a requirement that the same clinician who performs a patient's abortion also perform additional tests, services or procedures; a limitation on an abortion provider's ability to prescribe or dispense drugs or provide services via telemedicine; a requirement or limitation concerning the physical plant, equipment, staffing, or hospital transfer arrangements of facilities where abortions are performed, or the credentials, hospital privileges, or status of personnel at those facilities; a requirement that, prior to obtaining an abortion, a patient make medically unnecessary in-person visits to any individual or entity; a limitation on medical training for abortion procedures; a prohibition prior to fetal viability; a prohibition after fetal viability when continuation of the pregnancy would pose a risk to the woman's life or health; a restriction on a woman's ability to obtain an immediate abortion when a delay would pose a risk to the woman's health; or  a restriction on obtaining an abortion prior to fetal viability based on a woman's reasons or perceived reasons or that requires her to state her reasons before obtaining an abortion.  A measure or action that is similar to a requirement or limitation listed above is prohibited if it singles out abortion services or makes abortion services more difficult to access and does not significantly advance women's health or the safety of abortion services.


Input:
SECTION 1. EXTENSION OF FARM SECURITY AND RURAL INVESTMENT ACT OF 2002.

    (a) Crop Programs.--
            (1) Automatic one-year extension.--Every reference in title
        I of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (Public
        Law 107-171; 7 U.S.C. 7901 et seq.), or in an amendment made by
        such title, to the 2007 crop year or the 2007 crop of a
        commodity shall be deemed to also cover the 2008 crop year and
        the 2008 crop of the same commodity. In the case of sections
        1204(e)(1) and 1208(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 7934(e)(1),
        7938(a)), the references to July 31, 2008, shall be deemed to
        be July 31, 2009.
            (2) Conditional additional year extension.--If the
        President does not submit to Congress implementing legislation
        with respect to the Doha Development Round of World Trade
        Organization negotiations by January 15, 2008--
                    (A) every reference in title I of the Farm Security
                and Rural Investment Act of 2002, or in an amendment
                made by such title, that is deemed to cover the 2008
                crop year or the 2008 crop of a commodity, by operation
                of paragraph (1), shall be deemed to instead cover the
                2008 and 2009 crop years and the 2008 and 2009 crops of
                the same commodity; and
                    (B) the references to July 31, 2008, in sections
                1204(e)(1) and 1208(a) of such Act shall be deemed to
                be July 31, 2010.
    (b) Other Direct Spending Programs and Authorities.--
            (1) Automatic one-year extension.--For purposes of every
        direct spending program (as defined in section 250(c)(8) of the
        Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2
        U.S.C. 900(c)(8))) or other authority established or amended by
        the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (Public Law
        107-171), other than crop programs covered by subsection (a),
        every reference to 2007 with regard to such programs or
        authority shall be deemed to refer instead to 2008. The funding
        level, acreage level, or tonnage level (as the case may be)
        specified for such a program or authority in such Act, or in an
        amendment made by such Act, for fiscal year 2007 shall also
        apply for fiscal year 2008.
            (2) Conditional additional year extension.--If the
        President does not submit to Congress implementing legislation
        with respect to the Doha Development Round of World Trade
        Organization negotiations by January 15, 2008--
                    (A) every reference in a direct spending program or
                other authority established or amended by the Farm
                Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 that is
                deemed to be 2008 rather than 2007, by operation of
                paragraph (1), shall be deemed to instead refer to
                2009; and
                    (B) the funding level, acreage level, or tonnage
                level (as the case may be) for fiscal year 2007 for
                such a program or authority shall apply for both fiscal
                years 2008 and 2009.
    (c) Extension of Authorizations of Appropriations and Program
Terminations.--
            (1) Automatic one-year extension.--Every authorization of
        appropriations contained in the Farm Security and Rural
        Investment Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-171), or in an amendment
        made by such Act, that would otherwise expire on September 30,
        2007, shall be deemed to expire on September 30, 2008. Every
        reference in such Act or in an amendment made by such Act to
        the termination of a program or authority in 2007 shall be
        deemed to refer instead to 2008.
            (2) Conditional additional year extension.--If the
        President does not submit to Congress implementing legislation
        with respect to the Doha Development Round of World Trade
        Organization negotiations by January 15, 2008--
                    (A) every authorization of appropriations contained
                in the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002,
                or in an amendment made by such Act, that is deemed to
                expire on September 30, 2008, by operation of paragraph
                (1), shall be deemed to expire on September 30, 2009;
                and
                    (B) every reference to the termination of a program
                or authority specified in such Act, or in an amendment
                made by such Act, that is deemed to occur in 2008
                rather than 2007, by operation of paragraph (1), shall
                be deemed to occur instead in 2009.
    (d) Exception.--This section does not apply with respect to peanut
storage costs under section 1307(a)(6) of the Farm Security and Rural
Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 7957(a)(6)).

Output:
Provides for: (1) an automatic one-year extension of the authorization of appropriations for a crop year and direct spending programs and authorities (other than such crop programs) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002; and (2) an additional one-year extension of them if the President does not submit implementing legislation to Congress with respect to the Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations by January 15, 2008.

Provides, with the exception of peanut storage costs, the same automatic one-year extension and additional one-year extension for: (1) authorizations of appropriations in the Act scheduled to expire on September 30, 2007; and (2) termination of a program or authority in calendar year 2007.


Input:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Outer Continental Shelf Permit
Processing Coordination Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Coordination office.--The term ``coordination office''
        means a regional joint outer Continental Shelf lease and permit
        processing coordination office established under section 3(a).
            (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
        of the Interior.

SEC. 3. OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF PERMIT PROCESSING COORDINATION OFFICES.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish--
            (1) a regional joint outer Continental Shelf lease and
        permit processing coordination office for the Alaska region of
        the outer Continental Shelf; and
            (2) subject to subsection (c)--
                    (A) a regional joint outer Continental Shelf lease
                and permit processing coordination office for the
                Atlantic region of the outer Continental Shelf; and
                    (B) a regional joint outer Continental Shelf lease
                and permit processing coordination office for the
                Pacific region of the outer Continental Shelf.
    (b) Memorandum of Understanding.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into a
        memorandum of understanding for the purposes of carrying out
        this section with--
                    (A) the Secretary of Commerce;
                    (B) the Chief of Engineers;
                    (C) the Administrator of the Environmental
                Protection Agency;
                    (D) the head of any other Federal agency that may
                have a role in permitting activities; and
                    (E) in the case of the coordination office
                described in subsection (a)(1), the head of each
                borough government that is located adjacent to any
                active lease area.
            (2) State participation.--The Secretary shall request that
        the Governor of a State adjacent to the applicable outer
        Continental Shelf region be a signatory to the memorandum of
        understanding.
    (c) Date of Establishment.--A coordination office described in
subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(2) shall not be established
until the date on which a proposed lease sale is conducted for the
Atlantic or Pacific region of the outer Continental Shelf, as
applicable.
    (d) Designation of Qualified Staff.--
            (1) In general.--Each Federal signatory party shall, if
        appropriate, assign to each of the coordination offices an
        employee who has expertise in the regulatory issues
        administered by the office in which the employee is employed
        relating to leasing and the permitting of oil and gas
        activities on the outer Continental Shelf by the date that is--
                    (A) in the case of the coordination office
                described in subsection (a)(1), not later than 30 days
                after the date of the signing of the memorandum of
                understanding relating to the applicable coordination
                office under subsection (b); or
                    (B) in the case of a coordination office
                established under subsection (a)(2), not later than 30
                days after the date of establishment of the applicable
                coordination office under subsection (c).
            (2) Duties.--An employee assigned under paragraph (1)
        shall--
                    (A) not later than 90 days after the date of
                assignment, report to the applicable coordination
                office;
                    (B) be responsible for all issues relating to the
                jurisdiction of the home office or agency of the
                employee; and
                    (C) participate as part of the applicable team of
                personnel working on proposed oil and gas leasing and
                permitting, including planning and environmental
                analyses.
    (e) Transfer of Funds.--For the purposes of coordination and
processing of oil and gas use authorizations for the applicable outer
Continental Shelf region, the Secretary may authorize the expenditure
or transfer of such funds as are necessary to--
            (1) the Secretary of Commerce;
            (2) the Chief of Engineers;
            (3) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
        Agency;
            (4) the head of any other Federal agency having a role in
        permitting activities;
            (5) any State adjacent to the applicable outer Continental
        Shelf region; and
            (6) in the case of the coordination office described in
        subsection (a)(1), the head of each borough government that is
        located adjacent to any active lease area.
    (f) Effect.--Nothing in this section--
            (1) authorizes the establishment of a regional joint outer
        Continental Shelf lease and permit processing coordination
        office for the Gulf of Mexico region of the outer Continental
        Shelf;
            (2) affects the operation of any Federal or State law; or
            (3) affects any delegation of authority made by the head of
        a Federal agency for employees that are assigned to a
        coordination office.
    (g) Funding.--
            (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated
        $2,000,000 for the coordination office described in subsection
        (a)(1) for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2021, to remain
        available until expended.
            (2) Other coordination offices.--Notwithstanding any other
        provision of law--
                    (A) of the amounts received by the Secretary from
                the sale of bonus bids in the Atlantic region of the
                outer Continental Shelf Continental Shelf region,
                $2,000,000 shall be made available for the applicable
                coordination office described in subsection (A)(2)(A)
                for the fiscal year; and
                    (B) of the amounts received by the Secretary from
                the sale of bonus bids in the Pacific region of the
                outer Continental Shelf Continental Shelf region,
                $2,000,000 shall be made available for the applicable
                coordination office described in subsection (A)(2)(B)
                for the fiscal year.

SEC. 4. JUDICIAL REVIEW.

    (a) Exclusive Jurisdiction.--Except for review by the Supreme Court
on writ of certiorari, the United States Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit shall have original and exclusive
jurisdiction to review any claim relating to an action by the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or the Secretary
of the Interior with respect to the review, approval, denial, or
issuance of an oil or natural gas lease or permit in the area of the
outer Continental Shelf described in section 3(a)(1).
    (b) Deadline for Filing Claim.--A claim described in subsection (a)
may be brought not later than 60 days after the date of the action
giving rise to the claim.
    (c) Expedited Consideration.--The United States Court of Appeals
for the District of Columbia Circuit shall set any action brought under
subsection (a) for expedited consideration, taking into account the
national interest of enhancing national energy security by providing
access to the significant oil and natural gas resources in the area of
the outer Continental Shelf described in section 3(a)(1) that are
needed to meet the anticipated demand for oil and natural gas.

Output: Outer Continental Shelf Permit Processing Coordination Act - Directs the Secretary of the Interior to establish three regional joint outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lease and permit processing coordination offices, one for the Alaska region of the OCS, one for the Atlantic region, and one for the Pacific region.


Input:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Metro Accountability and Investment
Act''.

SEC. 2. REAUTHORIZATION OF FUNDS.

    Section 601(f) of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act
of 2008 (Public Law 110-432; 122 Stat. 4970) is amended to read as
follows:
    ``(f) Amount.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Original funding.--There are authorized to be
                appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation for
                grants under this section an aggregate amount not to
                exceed $1,500,000,000 to be available in increments
                over 10 fiscal years beginning in fiscal year 2009, or
                until expended.
                    ``(B) Continuation of funding.--Subject to
                paragraphs (2) and (3), there are authorized to be
                appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation for
                grants under this section $2,000,000,000 to be
                available in increments over 10 fiscal years beginning
                in fiscal year 2020, or until expended.
            ``(2) Restriction on use.--
                    ``(A) Operating expenses.--$500,000,000 of the
                amount described in paragraph (1)(B) may only be used
                for operating expenses of the Transit Authority.
                    ``(B) Inspector general.--$100,000,000 of the
                amount described in subparagraph (A) may only be used
                for the Office of Inspector General of the Transit
                Authority.
            ``(3) Required modifications.--The Secretary may not
        provide grants pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) unless the
        Secretary certifies that the Board of Directors of the Transit
        Authority has passed a resolution, and is making progress
        implementing such a resolution, that--
                    ``(A) establishes an independent budget authority
                for the Office of Inspector General of the Transit
                Authority;
                    ``(B) establishes an independent procurement
                authority for the Office of Inspector General of the
                Transit Authority;
                    ``(C) establishes an independent hiring authority
                for the Office of Inspector General of the Transit
                Authority;
                    ``(D) ensures the inspector general of the Transit
                Authority can obtain legal advice from a counsel
                reporting directly to the director of such office;
                    ``(E) requires the inspector general of the Transit
                Authority to submit recommendations for corrective
                action to the General Manager, the Board of Directors
                of the Transit Authority, and the appropriate
                congressional committees; and
                    ``(F) requires the inspector general of the Transit
                Authority to publish any recommendation described in
                subparagraph (E) on the website of the Office of
                Inspector General of the Transit Authority, except that
                the Inspector General may redact personally
                identifiable information and information that, in the
                determination of the Inspector General, would pose a
                security risk to the systems of the Transit Authority.
            ``(4) Special rule for certain funds.--The amounts
        described in paragraph (2) are not subject to the requirements
        of paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (b).
            ``(5) Definition.--In this subsection, the term
        `appropriate congressional committees' means the Committee on
        Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on Oversight
        and Government Reform, and the Committee on Appropriations of
        the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking,
        Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations
        of the Senate.''.

SEC. 3. ADDITIONAL GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--In addition to other funding provided to the
Transit Authority pursuant to any other provision of law, the Secretary
of Transportation may make grants to the Transit Authority for the
purpose of funding the capital and preventive maintenance projects
included in the Capital Improvement Program approved by the Board of
Directors of the Transit Authority.
    (b) Use of Funds.--A grant made pursuant to this section shall be
subject to the following limitations and conditions:
            (1) The work for which such grant is authorized shall be
        subject to the provisions of the Compact, including any future
        amendments to the Compact.
            (2) Each such grant shall be for 50 percent of the net
        project cost of the project involved, and shall be provided in
        cash from sources other than Federal funds or revenues from the
        operation of public mass transportation systems. Consistent
        with the terms of the amendment to the Compact, or any future
        amendments to such Compact, any funds so provided shall be
        solely from undistributed cash surpluses, replacement or
        depreciation funds of reserves available in cash, or new
        capital.
    (c) Applicability of Requirements for Mass Transportation Capital
Projects Receiving Funds Under Federal Transportation Law.--Except as
specifically provided in this section, the use of any amounts
appropriated pursuant to the authorization under this section shall be
subject to the requirements applicable to capital projects for which
funds are provided under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code,
except to the extent the Secretary determines that the requirements are
inconsistent with this Act, its purposes, or any subsequent rules of
guidance issued pursuant to this Act.
    (d) Amount and Requirement for First Period.--
            (1) Amount.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the
        Secretary of Transportation for grants under this section
        $500,000,000 to be available in increments over 5 fiscal years
        beginning in fiscal year 2020, or until expended.
            (2) Requirements.--The Secretary may not award a grant
        authorized under this subsection unless the Secretary
        certifies, on an annual basis, that the Transit Authority is
        making progress toward goals and metrics for system performance
        established by the Secretary in collaboration with the
        signatories to the Compact on safety, reliability, and
        operation costs as measured by vehicle revenue hours.
    (e) Amount and Requirement for Second Period.--
            (1) Amount.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the
        Secretary of Transportation for grants under this section
        $1,500,000,000 to be available in increments over 15 fiscal
        years beginning in fiscal year 2025, or until expended.
            (2) Requirements.--The Secretary may not award a grant
        authorized under this subsection unless the Secretary
        certifies, on an annual basis, that--
                    (A) the Transit Authority is making progress toward
                goals and metrics for system performance established by
                the Secretary in collaboration with the signatories to
                the Compact on safety, reliability, and operation costs
                as measured by vehicle revenue hours; and
                    (B) the signatories to the Compact have established
                a dedicated funding source for capital projects for the
                Transit Authority that is expected to raise, in total,
                at least $300,000,000 annually.
    (f) Availability.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to the
authorization under this section shall remain available until expended.
    (g) Definitions.--In this section--
            (1) the term ``Transit Authority'' means the Washington
        Metropolitan Area Transit Authority established under Article
        III of the Compact; and
            (2) the term ``Compact'' means the Washington Metropolitan
        Area Transit Authority Compact (Public Law 89-774; 80 Stat.
        1324).

Output: Metro Accountability and Investment Act This bill amends the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 to authorize additional funding to the Department of Transportation (DOT) for grants for capital and preventive maintenance projects for the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) in increments over 10 fiscal years beginning in FY2020 or until expended, subject to specified limitations. DOT may not provide such grants until it certifies that the Board of Directors of WMATA has passed a resolution, and is making progress implementing such resolution, that   establishes an independent budget authority for the Office of Inspector General of WMATA, an independent procurement authority for such office, and an independent hiring authority for such office;  ensures the inspector general can obtain legal advice from a counsel reporting directly to the office; and  requires the inspector general to submit recommendations for corrective action to the General Manager, the board, and Congress, and to publish any recommendation on the office's website, with redactions to prevent security risks..   DOT may make additional grants to WMATA for the purpose of funding the capital and preventive maintenance projects included in the Capital Improvement Program approved by the board.


Input:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Seniors Real Property Tax Relief Act
of 1998''.

SEC. 2. ALLOWANCE OF DEDUCTION FOR STATE AND LOCAL REAL PROPERTY TAXES
              TO CERTAIN SENIORS WHO DO NOT ITEMIZE THEIR DEDUCTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Subsection (a) of section 62 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to definition of adjusted gross income)
is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(18) Real property taxes of eligible senior taxpayers.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In the case of an eligible
                senior taxpayer, the deduction for State and local real
                property taxes (within the meaning of section 164).
                    ``(B) Limitation.--Subparagraph (A) shall apply
                only to the portion of State and local real property
                taxes which exceeds the aggregate amount distributed
                for the taxable year from the senior citizen real
                property tax account (as defined by section 222). The
                preceding sentence shall not apply to a distribution
                described in paragraph (3), (4), or (5) of section
                222(e).
                    ``(C) Eligible senior taxpayer defined.--For
                purposes of subparagraph (A), the term `eligible senior
                taxpayer' means a taxpayer--
                            ``(i) who is not married or is married
                        filing a separate return and--
                                    ``(I) who has attained age 65
                                before the close of his taxable year,
                                and
                                    ``(II) whose modified adjusted
                                gross income for such taxable year does
                                not exceed $30,000, or
                            ``(ii) who is filing a joint return or is a
                        surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a))
                        and--
                                    ``(I) with respect to whom 1 of the
                                spouses has attained age 65 before the
                                close of the taxpayer's taxable year,
                                and
                                    ``(II) whose modified adjusted
                                gross income for such taxable year does
                                not exceed $60,000.
                    ``(D) Modified adjusted gross income.--For purposes
                of subparagraph (C), the term `modified adjusted gross
                income' means the adjusted gross income of the taxpayer
                for the taxable year determined--
                            ``(i) without regard to sections 911, 931,
                        and 933, and
                            ``(ii) after the application of sections
                        86, 469, 219, 220, and 222.
                    ``(E) Inflation adjustment.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of a taxable
                        year beginning after December 31, 1999, each of
                        the dollar amounts in subparagraphs (C)(i)(II)
                        and (C)(ii)(II) shall be increased by an amount
                        equal to--
                                    ``(I) such dollar amount,
                                multiplied by
                                    ``(II) the cost-of-living
                                adjustment determined under section
                                1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which
                                the taxable year begins, determined by
                                substituting `calendar year 1998' for
                                `calendar year 1992' in subparagraph
                                (B) thereof.
                            ``(ii) Rounding.--If any amount as adjusted
                        under clause (i) is not a multiple of $100 such
                        amount shall be rounded to the next lowest
                        multiple of $100.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of
this Act.

SEC. 3. SENIOR CITIZEN REAL PROPERTY TAX ACCOUNTS.

    (a) In General.--Part VII of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to additional itemized
deductions for individuals) is amended by redesignating section 222 as
section 223 and by inserting after section 221 the following new
section:

``SEC. 222. SENIOR CITIZEN REAL PROPERTY TAX ACCOUNTS.

    ``(a) Deduction Allowed.--In the case of an individual, there shall
be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year an amount equal to the
cash contributions made for such taxable year to a senior citizen real
property tax account maintained for the benefit of such individual.
    ``(b) Maximum Amount of Deduction.--The amount allowable as a
deduction under subsection (a) to any individual for any taxable year
shall not exceed $2,000.
    ``(c) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) Senior citizen real property tax account.--The term
        `senior citizen real property tax account' means a trust
        created or organized in the United States exclusively for the
        purpose of paying the qualified property tax expenses of the
        account beneficiary of the trust, but only if the trust is
        designated as a senior citizen real property tax account at the
        time created or organized and the written governing instrument
        creating the trust meets the following requirements:
                    ``(A) No contribution (other than a rollover
                contribution described in subsection (e)(5)) will be
                accepted--
                            ``(i) unless it is in cash,
                            ``(ii) in excess of $2,000 for the taxable
                        year, or
                            ``(iii) after the date on which such
                        beneficiary attains age 59\1/2\.
                    ``(B) The trustee is a bank (as defined in section
                408(n)) or another person who demonstrates to the
                satisfaction of the Secretary that the manner in which
                that person will administer the trust will be
                consistent with the requirements of this section or who
                has so demonstrated with respect to any individual
                retirement plan.
                    ``(C) No part of the trust assets will be invested
                in life insurance contracts.
                    ``(D) The assets of the trust shall not be
                commingled with other property except in a common trust
                fund or common investment fund.
            ``(2) Qualified property tax expenses.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `qualified property tax
                expenses' means State and local, and foreign, real
                property taxes imposed on the account beneficiary
                (determined in accordance with section 164) with
                respect to the principal residence (within the meaning
                of section 121) of such beneficiary. Such term shall
                not include taxes imposed for any real property tax
                period ending before the date such beneficiary attains
                age 59\1/2\.
                    ``(B) Jointly held property.--In the case of any
                residence which is held as joint tenants, tenants by
                the entirety, or community property by individuals who
                are married to each other, if one spouse satisfies the
                age requirement of subparagraph (A), then both spouses
                shall be treated as satisfying such requirement.
            ``(3) Account beneficiary.--The term `account beneficiary'
        means the individual for whose benefit the senior citizen real
        property tax account was established.
            ``(4) Certain rules to apply.--Rules similar to the
        following rules shall apply for purposes of this section:
                    ``(A) Section 219(d)(2) (relating to no deduction
                for rollovers).
                    ``(B) Section 219(f)(3) (relating to time when
                contributions deemed made).
                    ``(C) Section 408(d)(6) (relating to transfer of
                account incident to divorce).
                    ``(D) Section 408(g) (relating to community
                property laws).
                    ``(E) Section 408(h) (relating to custodial
                accounts).
    ``(d) Tax Treatment of Accounts.--
            ``(1) In general.--A senior citizen real property tax
        account is exempt from taxation under this subtitle unless such
        account has ceased to be such an account. Notwithstanding the
        preceding sentence, any such account is subject to the taxes
        imposed by section 511 (relating to imposition of tax on
        unrelated business income of charitable, etc. organizations).
            ``(2) Account terminations.--Rules similar to the rules of
        paragraphs (2) and (4) of section 408(e) shall apply to senior
        citizen real property tax accounts, and any amount treated as
        distributed under such rules shall be treated as not used to
        pay qualified property tax expenses.
    ``(e) Tax Treatment of Distributions.--
            ``(1) In general.--If any distribution is made from a
        senior citizen real property tax account during the taxable
        year, the account beneficiary's tax imposed by this chapter for
        such taxable year shall be increased by an amount equal to--
                    ``(A) 50 percent of any such distribution which is
                made before the date the account beneficiary attains
                age 59\1/2\, and
                    ``(B) 25 percent of any such distribution which is
                made on or after such date.
        The increase in tax under the preceding sentence shall be in
        lieu of any inclusion in gross income.
            ``(2) Amounts used for qualified property tax expenses.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to
                the extent that the aggregate distributions during the
                taxable year from the senior citizen real property tax
                accounts of the account beneficiary do not exceed the
                aggregate qualified property tax expenses of such
                beneficiary for such year.
                    ``(B) Exclusion from gross income.--Gross income
                shall not include any distribution excluded from
                paragraph (1) by reason of subparagraph (A).
            ``(3) Treatment after death of account beneficiary;
        disability.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a distribution--
                    ``(A) which is made by reason of the death of the
                account beneficiary and is made (either directly or by
                the estate of such beneficiary) to any senior citizen
                real property tax account or individual retirement plan
                of any individual, or
                    ``(B) which is attributable to the account
                beneficiary's being disabled (within the meaning of
                section 72(m)(7)).
        In the case of a distribution which is made by reason of the
        death of the account beneficiary and to which paragraph (1)
        applies after the application of the preceding sentence, the
        tax on such distribution shall be determined under paragraph
        (1)(A).
            ``(4) Excess contributions returned before the due date of
        return.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If any excess contribution is
                contributed for a taxable year to a senior citizen real
                property tax account of an individual, paragraph (1)
                shall not apply to distributions from the senior
                citizen real property tax accounts of such individual
                (to the extent such distributions do not exceed the
                aggregate excess contributions to all such accounts of
                such individual for such year) if--
                            ``(i) such distribution is received by the
                        individual on or before the last day prescribed
                        by law (including extensions of time) for
                        filing such individual's return for such
                        taxable year, and
                            ``(ii) such distribution is accompanied by
                        the amount of net income attributable to such
                        excess contribution.
                Any net income described in clause (ii) shall be
                included in the gross income of the individual for the
                taxable year in which it is received.
                    ``(B) Excess contribution.--For purposes of
                subparagraph (A), the term `excess contribution' means
                any contribution (other than a rollover contribution)
                that is not deductible under this section.
            ``(5) Rollover contribution.--An amount is described in
        this paragraph as a rollover contribution if it meets the
        requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B).
                    ``(A) In general.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to
                any amount distributed from a senior citizen real
                property tax account to the account beneficiary to the
                extent the amount received is paid into a senior
                citizen real property tax account for the benefit of
                such beneficiary not later than the 60th day after the
                day on which the beneficiary receives the payment or
                distribution.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--This paragraph shall not apply
                to any amount described in subparagraph (A) received by
                an individual from a senior citizen real property tax
                account if, at any time during the 1-year period ending
                on the day of such receipt, such individual received
                any other amount described in subparagraph (A) from a
                senior citizen real property tax account which was not
                includible in the individual's gross income because of
                the application of this paragraph.
    ``(f) Special Rules.--
            ``(1) Married individuals.--The maximum deduction under
        subsection (b) shall be computed separately for each
        individual.
            ``(2) Time when contributions deemed made.--For purposes of
        this section, a taxpayer shall be deemed to have made a
        contribution to a senior citizen real property tax account on
        the last day of the preceding taxable year if the contribution
        is made on account of such taxable year and is made not later
        than the time prescribed by law for filing the return for such
        taxable year (not including extensions thereof).
    ``(g) Reports.--The Secretary may require the trustee of a senior
citizen real property tax account to make such reports regarding such
account to the Secretary and to the account beneficiary with respect to
contributions, distributions, and such other matters as the Secretary
determines appropriate. The reports required by this subsection shall
be filed at such time and in such a manner and furnished to such
individuals at such time and in such manner as may be required by the
Secretary.''.
    (b) Deduction Allowed Whether or Not Taxpayer Itemizes Other
Deductions.--Subsection (a) of section 62 of such Code, as amended by
section 2, is amended by inserting after paragraph (18) the following
new paragraph:
            ``(19) Senior citizen real property tax accounts.--The
        deduction allowed by section 222.''.
    (c) Tax on Prohibited Transactions.--
            (1) In general.--Paragraph (1) of section 4975(e) of such
        Code (relating to prohibited transactions) is amended by
        redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as subparagraphs (F)
        and (G), respectively, and by inserting after subparagraph (D)
        the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(E) a senior citizen real property tax account
                described in section 222(c),''.
            (2) Special rule.--Subsection (c) of section 4975 of such
        Code is amended by adding at the end the following new
        paragraph:
            ``(6) Special rule for senior citizen real property tax
        accounts.--The individual for whose benefit a senior citizen
        real property tax account is established shall be exempt from
        the tax imposed by this section with respect to any transaction
        concerning such account (which would otherwise be taxable under
        this section) if section 222(d)(2) applies with respect to such
        transaction.''.
    (d) Failure To Provide Reports on Senior Citizen Real Property Tax
accounts.--Paragraph (2) of section 6693(a) of such Code (relating to
failure to provide reports on individual retirement accounts or
annuities) is amended by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as
subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively, and by inserting after
subparagraph (B) the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(C) section 222(g) (relating to senior citizen
                real property tax accounts),''.
    (e) Tax on Excess Contributions.--
            (1) In general.--Subsection (a) of section 4973 of such
        Code is amended by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as
        paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively, and by inserting after
        paragraph (2) the following new paragraph:
            ``(3) a senior citizen real property tax account (as
        defined in section 222(c)),''.
            (2) Excess contributions defined.--Section 4973 of such
        Code is amended by adding at the end the following new
        subsection:
    ``(g) Excess Contributions to Senior Citizen Real Property Tax
Accounts.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) In general.--In the case of senior citizen real
        property tax accounts maintained for the benefit of any 1
        beneficiary, the term `excess contributions' means the amount
        by which the amount contributed for the taxable year to such
        accounts exceeds $2,000.
            ``(2) Special rules.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the
        following contributions shall not be taken into account:
                    ``(A) Any contribution which is distributed out of
                the senior citizen real property tax account in a
                distribution to which section 222(e)(4) applies.
                    ``(B) Any rollover contribution.''.
    (f) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part VII of
subchapter B of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by striking the last
item and inserting the following new items:

                              ``Sec. 222. Senior citizen real property
                                        tax accounts.
                              ``Sec. 223. Cross reference.''.
    (g) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of
this Act.

Output: Seniors Real Property Tax Relief Act of 1998 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to:  (1) allow a deduction for State and local real property taxes paid by certain taxpayers aged 65 or older who do not itemize their deductions; and (2) provide for the establishment of "senior citizen real property tax accounts" (trusts created exclusively for the purpose of paying the qualified property tax expenses of qualified beneficiaries).


Input:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Voluntary Opportunities for
Increasing Contributions to Education Act''.

SEC. 2. CREDIT FOR CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE BENEFIT OF ELEMENTARY AND
              SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

    (a) In General.--Subpart B of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end
the following new section:

``SEC. 30B. CREDIT FOR CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE BENEFIT OF ELEMENTARY AND
              SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

    ``(a) Allowance of Credit.--There shall be allowed as a credit
against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount
equal to 75 percent of the qualified charitable contributions of the
taxpayer for the taxable year.
    ``(b) Maximum Credit.--
            ``(1) Individuals.--In the case of a taxpayer other than a
        corporation, the credit allowed by subsection (a) for any
        taxable year shall not exceed $500 ($1,000 in the case of a
        joint return).
            ``(2) Corporations.--In the case of a corporation, the
        credit allowed by subsection (a) shall not exceed $100,000.
    ``(c) Qualified Charitable Contribution.--For purposes of this
section--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `qualified charitable
        contribution' means, with respect to any taxable year, the
        aggregate amount allowable as a deduction under section 170
        (determined without regard to subsection (d)(1)) for cash
        contributions--
                    ``(A) to a school tuition organization,
                    ``(B) for the improvement, renovation, or
                construction of a school facility that is used
                primarily to provide education at the elementary or
                secondary level, and
                    ``(C) for the acquisition of computer technology or
                equipment (as defined in subparagraph (E)(i) of section
                170(e)(6)), or for training related to the use of such
                technology or equipment, for use in a school facility
                described in subparagraph (B).
            ``(2) School tuition organization.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `school tuition
                organization' means any organization which--
                            ``(i) is described in section 170(c)(2),
                            ``(ii) allocates at least 90 percent of its
                        gross income and contributions and gifts to
                        elementary and secondary school scholarships,
                        and
                            ``(iii) awards scholarships to any student
                        who is eligible for free or reduced cost lunch
                        under the school program established under the
                        Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act.
                    ``(B) Elementary and secondary school
                scholarship.--The term `elementary and secondary school
                scholarship' means any scholarship excludable from
                gross income under section 117 for expenses related to
                education at or below the 12th grade.
            ``(3) School facility.--The term `school facility' shall
        not include any stadium or other facility primarily used for
        athletic contests or exhibitions or other events for which
        admission is charged to the general public.
    ``(d) Special Rules.--
            ``(1) Denial of double benefit.--No deduction shall be
        allowed under this chapter for any contribution for which
        credit is allowed under this section.
            ``(2) Application with other credits.--The credit allowable
        under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed the
        excess (if any) of--
                    ``(A) the regular tax for the taxable year, reduced
                by the sum of the credits allowable under subpart A and
                the preceding sections of this subpart, over
                    ``(B) the tentative minimum tax for the taxable
                year.
            ``(3) Controlled groups.--All persons who are treated as
        one employer under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52 shall be
        treated as 1 taxpayer for purposes of this section.
    ``(e) Election To Have Credit Not Apply.--A taxpayer may elect to
have this section not apply for any taxable year.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for subpart B of
part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding
at the end the following new item:

                              ``Sec. 30B. Credit for contributions for
                                        the benefit of elementary and
                                        secondary schools.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2001.

Output: Voluntary Opportunities for Increasing Contributions to Education Act - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow an annual tax credit of up to $500 for an individual ($1,000 for joint filers) and $100,000 for a corporation for 75 percent of the qualified charitable contributions (school tuition organizations, facility construction or renovation, computer acquisition or training) made on behalf of elementary or secondary schools.


Input:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Breast Cancer and Environmental
Research Act of 2001''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds as follows:
            (1) Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer
        deaths among American women.
            (2) More women in the United States are living with breast
        cancer than any other cancer (excluding skin cancer).
        Approximately 3,000,000 women in the United States are living
        with breast cancer, 2,000,000 of which have been diagnosed and
        an estimated 1,000,000 who do not yet know that they have the
        disease.
            (3) Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer
        among women in the United States and worldwide (excluding skin
        cancer). In 2001, it is estimated that 233,000 new cases of
        breast cancer will be diagnosed among women in the United
        States, 192,000 cases of which will involve invasive breast
        cancer and 40,800 cases of which will involve ductal carcinoma
        in situ (DCIS).
            (4) Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer
        death for women in the United States. Approximately 40,000
        women in the United States die from the disease each year.
        Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for women in
        the United States between the ages of 20 and 59, and the
        leading cause of cancer death for women worldwide.
            (5) A woman in the United States has a 1 in 8 chance of
        developing invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. This risk
        was 1 in 11 in 1975. In 2001, a new case of breast cancer will
        be diagnosed every 2 minutes and a woman will die from breast
        cancer every 13 minutes.
            (6) All women are at risk for breast cancer. About 90
        percent of women who develop breast cancer do not have a family
        history of the disease.
            (7) The National Action Plan on Breast Cancer, a public
        private partnership, has recognized the importance of expanding
        the scope and breadth of biomedical, epidemiological, and
        behavioral research activities related to the etiology of
        breast cancer and the role of the environment.
            (8) To date, there has been only a limited research
        investment to expand the scope or coordinate efforts across
        disciplines or work with the community to study the role of the
        environment in the development of breast cancer.
            (9) In order to take full advantage of the tremendous
        potential for avenues of prevention, the Federal investment in
        the role of the environment and the development of breast
        cancer should be expanded.
            (10) In order to understand the effect of chemicals and
        radiation on the development of cancer, multi-generational,
        prospective studies are probably required.

SEC. 3. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES; AWARDS FOR
              DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF RESEARCH CENTERS REGARDING
              ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS RELATED TO BREAST CANCER.

    Subpart 12 of part C of title IV of the Public Health Service Act
(42 U.S.C. 285l et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following
section:

``SEC. 463B. RESEARCH CENTERS REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS RELATED
              TO BREAST CANCER.

    ``(a) In General.--The Director of the Institute, based on
recommendations from the Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Panel
established under subsection (b) (referred to in this section as the
`Panel') shall make grants, after a process of peer review and
programmatic review, to public or nonprofit private entities for the
development and operation of not more than 8 centers for the purpose of
conducting multidisciplinary and multi-institutional research on
environmental factors that may be related to the etiology of breast
cancer. Each such center shall be known as a Breast Cancer and
Environmental Research Center of Excellence.
    ``(b) Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Panel.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish in the
        Institute of Environmental Health Sciences a Breast Cancer and
        Environmental Research Panel.
            ``(2) Composition.--The Panel shall be composed of--
                    ``(A) 9 members to be appointed by the Secretary,
                of which--
                            ``(i) six members shall be appointed from
                        among physicians, and other health
                        professionals, who--
                                    ``(I) are not officers or employees
                                of the United States;
                                    ``(II) represent multiple
                                disciplines, including clinical, basic,
                                and public health sciences;
                                    ``(III) represent different
                                geographical regions of the United
                                States;
                                    ``(IV) are from practice settings
                                or academia or other research settings;
                                and
                                    ``(V) are experienced in biomedical
                                review; and
                            ``(ii) three members shall be appointed
                        from the general public who are representatives
                        of individuals who have had breast cancer and
                        who represent a constituency; and
                    ``(B) such nonvoting, ex officio members as the
                Secretary determines to be appropriate.
            ``(3) Chairperson.--The members of the Panel appointed
        under paragraph (2)(A) shall select a chairperson from among
        such members.
            ``(4) Meetings.--The Panel shall meet at the call of the
        chairperson or upon the request of the Director, but in no case
        less often than once each year.
            ``(5) Duties.--The Panel shall--
                    ``(A) oversee the peer review process for the
                awarding of grants under subsection (a) and conduct the
                programmatic review under such subsection;
                    ``(B) make recommendations with respect to the
                funding criteria and mechanisms under which amounts
                will be allocated under this section; and
                    ``(C) make final programmatic recommendations with
                respect to grants under this section.
    ``(c) Collaboration With Community.--Each center under subsection
(a) shall establish and maintain ongoing collaborations with community
organizations in the geographic area served by the center, including
those that represent women with breast cancer.
    ``(d) Coordination of Centers; Reports.--The Director of the
Institute shall, as appropriate, provide for the coordination of
information among centers under subsection (a) and ensure regular
communication between such centers, and may require the periodic
preparation of reports on the activities of the centers and the
submission of the reports to the Director.
    ``(e) Required Consortium.--Each center under subsection (a) shall
be formed from a consortium of cooperating institutions, meeting such
requirements as may be prescribed by the Director of the Institute.
Each center shall require collaboration among highly accomplished
scientists, other health professionals and advocates of diverse
backgrounds from various areas of expertise.
    ``(f) Duration of Support.--Support of a center under subsection
(a) may be for a period not exceeding 5 years. Such period may be
extended for one or more additional periods not exceeding 5 years if
the operations of such center have been reviewed by an appropriate
technical and scientific peer review group established by the Director
of the Institute and if such group has recommended to the Director that
such period should be extended.
    ``(g) Geographic Distribution of Centers.--The Director of the
Institute shall, to the extent practicable, provide for an equitable
geographical distribution of centers under this section.
    ``(h) Innovative Approaches.--Each center under subsection (a)
shall use innovative approaches to study unexplored or under-explored
areas of the environment and breast cancer.
    ``(i) Authorization of Appropriations.--For the purpose of carrying
out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated $30,000,000
for each of the fiscal years 2002 through 2007. Such authorization is
in addition to any other authorization of appropriations that is
available for such purpose.''.

Output: Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Act of 2001 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to require the Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to make grants to public or nonprofit private entities for the development and operation of not more than eight consortium centers (each such center shall be known as a Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Center of Excellence) for the conduct of multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional research on environmental factors that may be related to the etiology of breast cancer.