EU-Russia rivalry looms over Vilnius summit

Summary: EU influence in the former Soviet Union is a sensitive issue and will be put to the test at an EU "Eastern Partnership" summit opening in Vilnius, Lithuania. Ukraine froze a far-reaching co-operation deal with the EU last week, triggering mass pro-EU rallies in its cities. The BBC's Chris Morris examines the EU's geopolitical tussle with Russia.

They still stand watch at the Green Bridge over the Neris River in the centre of Vilnius. Rusting iron statues from Soviet times in the style of Socialist Realism - Red Army soldiers, workers and farmers. Some Lithuanians want the statues removed, but they are protected cultural items. Instead a plaque notes that 300,000 Lithuanians were exiled, imprisoned or killed during the Soviet occupation. For EU member states in this region - the three Baltic republics and Poland in particular - there is a recent shared history. That is one of the reasons why perceptions of Russian bullying are such a sensitive subject. "This is all about geopolitics," says Romas Svedas of Vilnius University. "Let's not pretend otherwise. Russia is fighting to protect its dominance." The EU's Eastern Partnership is designed to improve trade and political relations with six former Soviet Republics - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine - caught in that awkward space between the European Union and Russia. Ukraine is the biggest country and hence the biggest prize. So when the Ukrainian government suddenly announced last week - under pressure from Moscow - that it was freezing its plans to sign an association agreement with the EU, the centrepiece of the Vilnius summit disappeared rather abruptly. "But it's not just about Ukraine," argues the Lithuanian Foreign Minister Linas Linkevicius. "We will sign initial association agreements with Georgia and Moldova, we are making good progress in the visa discussions, all the countries are fully engaged. "Of course I'm a little disappointed, but we will keep moving forward. And we still don't know how things will play themselves out," Mr Linkevicius says. Tug-of-war So could the EU have done more? One of the problems has been that many countries in western Europe have given a lower priority to the Eastern Partnership than they might have done. And for the moment that appears to have given Russia, and its threats of trade retaliation, the upper hand. "I think it's become quite a significant fault line," says Amanda Paul of the European Policy Centre in Brussels. "This is a region that ultimately does want to be transformed, it wants to be part of Europe. But Russia is holding on with everything it's got. "And it's very good at holding on with everything it's got, whereas the EU is not so good at pulling on the other end of the rope." There has been reaction to the pressure from Russia - but it has come primarily from the people. There have been several days of large pro-EU protests in Ukraine. So if there is a geopolitical battle going on, about whether economies and systems of government in this region should look east or west, some of those involved would like the EU to speak out rather more forcefully. "It's not only enough to follow the norms in your own behaviour," says Nathalie Sebenadze, Georgia's ambassador to the EU. "You also have to speak out when you see that somebody else is violating them." Russia's backyard There is an immense amount at stake. The association agreements within the Eastern Partnership are the most comprehensive ever offered by the EU to third countries. There is no official perspective for future EU membership. But participating countries would agree over the long term to abide by more than two-thirds of the EU's rules and regulations - in effect extending large parts of the single market. In a region that Russia still considers its own backyard, the government in Moscow does not approve. The official line from the Vilnius summit will be that everyone can win - the EU, Russia and all the countries in-between. But quite often it doesn't feel that way.

पूर्व सोवियत संघ में यूरोपीय संघ का प्रभाव एक संवेदनशील मुद्दा है और लिथुआनिया के विल्नियस में यूरोपीय संघ "पूर्वी साझेदारी" शिखर सम्मेलन के उद्घाटन में इसकी परीक्षा ली जाएगी। यूक्रेन ने पिछले सप्ताह यूरोपीय संघ के साथ एक दूरगामी सहयोग समझौते को रोक दिया, जिससे उसके शहरों में बड़े पैमाने पर यूरोपीय संघ समर्थक रैलियां शुरू हो गईं। बीबीसी के क्रिस मॉरिस रूस के साथ यूरोपीय संघ के भू-राजनीतिक संघर्ष की जांच करते हैं।


Coronavirus: What to do after spending a week unwell in isolation

Summary: Last week I developed a high temperature and aching body.

By Kirsty GrantNewsbeat reporter Because a fever is one of the main Covid-19 symptoms, I followed government advice which tells people who think they have it to isolate for seven days. I live with my parents and one of my brothers, who all had to stay home for fourteen days, like the government advises. To minimise contact as much as possible, I used one of the two bathrooms in our house and stayed in my bedroom the rest of the time. They brought food to my door and left it. I took it into my room when they'd gone again. The feeling of coming out of that room after seven days was one of the strangest things I've felt in a long time. As you might imagine, going to the kitchen to make a cup of tea after all that time alone felt like a liberating experience. But, after the novelty of a change of scene wore off, I realised I had no idea how to make sure I wasn't still spreading germs. So, in the move from "self-isolating" in my room to "social distancing" in the house, I had a lot of questions about how I best keep myself and my family safe. Do I need to deep clean the room I isolated in? After staring at the same four walls for a week, spending more time in the room you isolated in is probably the last thing you want to do. But you've been touching things in there, while potentially ill, and that room needs to be cleaned. "Viruses are actually fairly delicate bits of material, so they don't survive very long", Alex Akin, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, tells Radio 1 Newsbeat. He says using soapy water or any kind of detergent to wipe down surfaces in the room you've been isolating in is enough to kill droplets of any virus. I was ill, but like lots of people, I'm still not sure whether I had Covid-19 or not. NHS advice says to self isolate even if you have mild symptoms, so to be on the safe side, assume you did. Can I throw my laundry in the wash with other people's? After almost pulling a muscle changing my bed sheets, I asked Alex whether that was necessary for the deep clean. His short answer - no. "You could wash the bedding, and any washing machine will be fine for cleaning it, but fabrics aren't the most likely place to have viruses on," he says. Although for general hygiene reasons, after seven days, they were due a wash anyway. The same goes for what I was wearing in my sick bed - and I was worried about throwing that in with my family's next wash. "It's fine to wash with someone else's clothes. There's no risk of cross contamination in a washing machine," says Alex. "You don't need to leave your clothes for any period of time before you wash them and the normal detergents in a British washing machine will easily deal with any amount of virus." He emphasised that the areas you should focus most on cleaning are "smooth, flat, smooth plastic or metal surfaces". What about washing myself? We're only allowed to travel if it's considered "essential" and we can't socialise with friends - leaving us without much to do. But you'll still want to clean yourself up after coming out of isolation. It'll give you something to do and make sure any last germs are completely washed off. "I don't think it needs more than that. Going to be with your family or housemates after a good shower will be fine," says Alex. If I'm still unwell after seven days, what do I do? The idea is that after seven days of isolation you should feel better. If you don't, the NHS advice is to contact 111 online. The government website says: "The cough may persist for several weeks in some people, despite the coronavirus infection having cleared. "A persistent cough alone does not mean someone must continue to self-isolate for more than 7 days." Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here.

पिछले हफ्ते मुझे तेज बुखार और शरीर में दर्द होने लगा।


How it went wrong for Nawaz Sharif

Summary: Pakistan's problems are mounting and Nawaz Sharif's government appears paralysed, just over three months after he swept to election victory on a tide of optimism, reports guest columnist Ahmed Rashid. Where did it go wrong?

When Mr Sharif became prime minister, public expectations were sky high that he would quickly get to grips with Pakistan's most pressing problems - rampant terrorism, multiple insurgencies, an economy in free fall, the lack of electricity and a debilitating foreign policy. Instead, Mr Sharif has stumbled badly, incurring widespread public anger as terrorism intensifies, the economy worsens and his government appears unable even to fill dozens of critically needed appointments such as senior bureaucratic positions, public corporation chiefs or ambassadors for key posts such as Washington and London. Moreover, the hope that dialogue with the army would create a civil-military partnership, putting the army and an elected government on the same page for the first time in Pakistan's history, has so far yielded few results. After weeks of conferring with politicians, experts and the army, Mr Sharif announced his policy to counter the Pakistani Taliban on 9 September which all the political parties endorsed - but most experts and the army rejected. The government announced that it would open unconditional talks with the Taliban, declaring them stakeholders rather than terrorists and a government-run All Parties Conference blamed the US and Nato for causing terrorism in Pakistan. The Taliban issued a list of more than 30 demands, including the imposition of Sharia (Islamic law) and the military's withdrawal from the tribal regions. On 15 September Maj Gen Sanaullah Khan Niazi and a colonel were killed in a devastating bomb blast in the far north-west of the country for which the Taliban took responsibility. That day seven soldiers were killed in four separate attacks. Army chief Gen Pervez Kayani, who had earlier warned Mr Sharif not to adopt a surrender strategy, now publicly warned the government that the army would not allow the Taliban to set conditions for peace. "No-one should have any misgivings that we would let terrorists coerce us into accepting their terms," he said. Then on Sunday more than 80 people were killed and some 130 wounded in suicide bombings in a church in Peshawar. The attack also left the Sharif initiative in tatters. On his way to the United Nations to try to impress Western nations with his plan, he had to make radical adjustments as he reached London, saying for the first time that maybe talks with the Taliban were not such a good idea after all. But where exactly he goes from here is unclear even to his closest aides. Experts had told him that a comprehensive counter-terrorism strategy could include the tactical option of talks, but must also include the use of force, economic development and other measures. Now the Taliban are likely to step up their attacks as they see the government as weak, floundering and scared. The same directionless, slow-moving process has followed Mr Sharif's stillborn promise to start a dialogue with separatist rebels in Balochistan province. He has had better luck in dealing with the ever worsening crisis in Karachi where armed gangs are holding the port city hostage. A crackdown led by paramilitary forces is under way but has still to yield results. The army and Nawaz Sharif also do not see eye to eye on how fast to improve relations with India. Mr Sharif reached out to India in June, but Delhi has insisted that he should deliver on at least one of three issues - reciprocating with Most Favoured Nation status to enhance trade as India has already done for Pakistan, speed up the trial of seven Lashkar-e-Taiba militants accused of involvement in the 2008 Mumbai massacre and clamp down on Lashkar-e-Taiba and its leader, Hafiz Saeed. India's condition-based talks did not carry much weight with the Pakistani army, which wants India to restart a full dialogue with Pakistan on contentious issues like Kashmir. The army told Nawaz Sharif he was moving too fast with India and stalled acting on any of the three options. Moreover, after a 10-year hiatus there has been repeated firing between Indian and Pakistani forces along the Line of Control in Kashmir, killing a dozen soldiers and civilians on both sides this year. Hafiz Saeed, who has remained under tight control by the intelligence agencies, was allowed to lead a large anti-India rally in the capital, Islamabad, in early September. However, after much hesitation Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has agreed to meet Nawaz Sharif at the UN in New York, although Indian Foreign Minister Salman Khurshid has insisted that "we need some satisfaction, we need some deliverables". The increased militant violence has led to further paralysis of Pakistan's economy. The rupee is declining by about 2.5% a month, inflation is rising and industry shut down by either militancy or power cuts has yet to restart. GDP growth is less than 3% while the fiscal deficit is nearly 9%. The government has taken a $6.7bn (£4.2bn) loan from the IMF - most of it will be used to pay back a previous IMF loan - but so far Islamabad has failed to implement the very low level of economic reforms that the IMF has demanded. Failure to do so will further delay the release of funds and prevent investment into the economy. Restarting investment and the economy requires tough decisions and reforms that Nawaz Sharif has so far showed no signs of making. To do so requires zero tolerance for terrorism, which has to be the goal if Pakistan is to survive and overcome the threats posed by extremists.

अतिथि स्तंभकार अहमद राशिद की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, पाकिस्तान की समस्याएं बढ़ रही हैं और नवाज शरीफ की सरकार आशावाद के ज्वार पर चुनावी जीत हासिल करने के ठीक तीन महीने बाद लकवाग्रस्त प्रतीत होती है। यह कहाँ गलत हुआ?


Tony Blair's warning to Labour evokes memories of Michael Foot

Summary: Tony Blair's warning to the Labour Party not to repeat the mistakes of the 1980s, which consigned it to 18 years in opposition, brought back memories of Michael Foot, its leader at the beginning of that lost decade.

Jawad IqbalAnalysis and insight editor@JIAnalysisBBCon Twitter Michael Foot died in 2010, aged 96. At his death, he was hailed by some as one of the great figures of the 20th Century Labour movement, even if others remembered him rather less generously as a disorganised and weak leader out of step with the times. Mr Foot did, though, resemble some modern-day politicians in one respect: he graduated in politics, philosophy and economics from Oxford. He first stood (unsuccessfully) for election in 1935, before going on to become a hugely successful and influential journalist and author. He was also a founding member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, and built a reputation as a formidable orator and parliamentarian. He served as Harold Wilson's Employment Secretary in 1974, a tough role at a time of fraught industrial relations, before becoming leader of the House of Commons in 1976. Mr Foot was elected leader of the Labour Party in 1980, presenting himself as the candidate to unite the warring right and left wings of the party. But Labour continued to tear itself apart after he became leader. There were problems with the Militant Tendency - a group of a few thousand activists bent on turning Labour into a Trotskyist movement. The rifts and divisions worsened with the formation of the breakaway Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. Mr Foot soldiered on, presiding over Labour's disastrous defeat at the hands of Margaret Thatcher in the 1983 general election. Mrs Thatcher won a massive majority of 144. Labour won just below 28% of the vote. The defeat was its worst showing since 1918, even though in later years some credited Mr Foot with holding the party together in one of the most turbulent periods in its history. 'Suicide note' The 1983 election remains a sore point in Labour political folklore. Mr Foot campaigned on a platform that included: The Labour manifesto, 700 pages long, and in retrospect rather optimistically entitled The New Hope for Britain, did not bother to summarise the policies but instead simply included everything to avoid a bitter public clash between rival factions. One story has it that a policy for socialist puppy farms was only just kept out of the final document. It was later dubbed "the longest suicide note in history" by the Labour MP Gerald Kaufman. The Labour campaign itself was a lesson in how not to run for office: it started badly and then fell away. At one point, with Mr Foot under pressure, Labour's campaign committee passed a resolution confirming its confidence in his leadership qualities, only serving to undermine him further, and give new meaning, said critics, to the phrase "shooting yourself in the Foot". The 1983 campaign, however, saw two future Labour prime ministers enter the Commons: Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. Paddy Ashdown and Charles Kennedy, future leaders of the Liberal Democrats, were also elected in 1983, as was the future Tory leader, Michael Howard. Mr Blair now says the politics of the 1980s belongs firmly in the past, even if it was the time that saw him begin his own journey to the summit of power. Suggested further reading: Huffington Post: In Defence of Michael Foot The Guardian: Should Blair have intervened in Labour's leadership race? Of course The Economist: Forward, comrades! The Telegraph: Labour is not having a full-blown nervous breakdown. Yet... The Spectator: Who in Labour will fight to bring back sanity and honesty and dignity? Not John Prescott

टोनी ब्लेयर द्वारा लेबर पार्टी को 1980 के दशक की गलतियों को न दोहराने की चेतावनी, जिसने उसे 18 साल तक विपक्ष में रहने के लिए मजबूर कर दिया, उस खोए हुए दशक की शुरुआत में इसके नेता माइकल फुट की यादों को वापस ले आई।


Where do your old clothes go?

Summary: Every year, thousands of us across the UK donate our used clothing to charity - many in the belief that it will be given to those in need or sold in High Street charity shops to raise funds. But a new book has revealed that most of what we hand over actually ends up getting shipped abroad - part of a £2.8bn ($4.3bn) second-hand garment trade that spans the globe. We investigate the journey of our cast-offs and begin to follow one set of garments from donation to their eventual destination.

By Lucy RodgersBBC News UK consumers ditch more than a million tonnes of clothing every year. The Western world's growing desire for fast, disposable fashion, fuelled by the ready supply of cheap goods manufactured in China and elsewhere, means we are consuming and then disposing of an ever greater quantity of garments. And, encouraged by charities and recycling companies, we are handing more and more of these old clothes over - via shops, collection bags or clothing banks - for reuse by new owners. Almost half of the garments we now throw out end up going to a new home rather than ending up in landfill or at an incineration plant, estimates the Waste & Resources Action Programme (Wrap), a UK government and EU-backed agency tasked with reducing waste. Few would dispute that diverting clothing away from landfill and giving it a new life is a good thing. But Dr Andrew Brooks, lecturer in development geography at King's College London, argues in his book Clothing Poverty that many donors don't realise that the majority of the cast-offs they hand over to charity will be traded abroad for profit. "The way most people encounter the second-hand clothing trade is their High Street second-hand store. I think there is a common presumption amongst the general public that if they give something to charity it's most likely to be sold in one of these shops, " he says. "And while many garments are sold in these shops, the demand is relatively low compared to the supply, and far more get exported overseas." Clothing in the UK £44bn spent annually on clothes £4,000 worth of clothes in average household 30% in average wardrobe has not been worn in a year £140m worth of clothing goes to landfill each year Wrap estimates that more than 70% of all UK reused clothing heads overseas - joining a global second-hand trade in which billions of old garments are bought and sold around the world every year. According to the latest available UN figures, the UK is the second largest used clothing exporter after the US. It exported more than £380m ($600m), or 351,000 tonnes, worth of our discarded fashion overseas in 2013. Top destinations were Poland, Ghana, Pakistan and Ukraine. The US's key trade partners are Canada, Chile, Guatemala and India. So, how do our shirts, trousers, jeans and dresses end up thousands of miles away in a Polish thrift store or street market in Ghana? The international journey of our cast-offs begins when charities sell on the clothing that cannot be sold in the UK's 10,000 charity shops. The UK Charity Retail Association says 90% of garments handed over directly to shops "end up on the rack in store". However, according to Brooks, as little as 10-30% of what is given to UK charities overall actually ends up being sold over the counter. It is a similar proportion in the US and Canada. What isn't bought in shops is, more often than not, Brooks says, sold to textile merchants, who then sort, grade and export the surplus garments - converting what began as donations into tradable goods. "There's a moment of magic where a gift turns into a commodity," says Brooks. "Like many used items, on the surface second-hand clothes may appear to have very little value, but through processes of sorting and transporting - turning disorderly objects into an ordered commodity - they are reproduced as retailable assets." One of those businesses transforming our cast-offs is London-based family firm LMB Textile Recycling. Director Ross Barry and his staff collect the contents of clothing banks - sometimes on behalf of charities - and check them by hand for quality. Those that pass the test are baled together and exported to the company's regular customers in Eastern Europe and Africa, where the garments are highly valued. "They get cheap, affordable clothing that works for them, that's fashionable and that lasts a long time," he says. Testing the system: Tracking six items of clothing The onward journey of our clothing depends very much on what we have donated - different garments tend to end up in different places. For example, Andrew Brooks's research found that white dress-shirts regularly headed to Pakistan, where there was a great demand among lawyers - warm coats often travelled to Eastern Europe, and short-sleeved tops and shorts, perhaps predictably, ended up in Africa. We have handed over six items or groups of clothing, pictured above, and have started tracking them via GPS. We will report the results if and when they have reached their destinations. So, much of the UK's donated clothing - along with thousands of tonnes more from the rest of Western Europe and North America - ends up being sold to buyers in developing economies. Is this necessarily a bad thing? Brooks believes it is and argues that the flow of old clothing from the Western world - as well as the availability of cheap, new garments from East Asia - has had a negative effect on local textile industries in many countries. This is particularly so in Sub-Saharan Africa, where a third of all globally donated clothes are sold, he says. Since the 1980s and 90s, used clothing has gained a significant market share across Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. In Uganda, second-hand garments now account for 81% of all clothing purchases, his research found. The personal shoppers of Uganda's street markets Brooks points to Ghana as an example of a country where local industries have been particularly negatively affected - its textile and clothing employment fell by 80% between 1975 and 2000. Nigeria's 200,000-person textile workforce has also all but disappeared, he says. But for the charity sector, selling on the clothing that can't be sold in shops remains a key source of income. "The important thing is that charities maximise every donation, no matter what quality it [donated clothing] is, to help fund their life-changing charity work," a spokesman for the Charity Retail Association says. Yet, explaining to the public how this international process works - the fact that many donations end up exported through textile traders, often to the developing countries NGOs are trying to help - is a difficult prospect. Ian Falkingham, a former Oxfam area shop manager who now works for the charity in Senegal, acknowledges that questions remain over the transparency of relationships between textile traders and some charities. In order to avoid this dependency on middlemen, some organisations, including Oxfam and the Salvation Army, have set up their own recycling businesses. "We've worked really hard to move away from that model," Falkingham says. The language of second-hand clothing Source: Andrew Brooks, Clothing Poverty He explains how Oxfam's Wastesaver recycling plant in Batley, West Yorkshire, not only means the charity no longer has to deal with commercial textile traders, but also allows greater control of the onward journey of all unsold donations. Out of the 11,000 tonnes of clothing donated to Oxfam every year, 3,000 tonnes (27%) is sold in its shops. Of the remaining 8,000 tonnes, 1,000 tonnes are disposed of and 5,600 tonnes (half of that donated) head abroad to Eastern Europe and East and West Africa. Falkingham says collecting and selling stock through Oxfam's chain of shops remains the "absolute priority" - it makes the most profit and it helps forge relationships with givers, encouraging better-quality donations. But there will always be stock "that doesn't sell", he explains, and charities have to find ways of making money out of it - such as selling abroad. "I think most people would be pleased that their bra ended up in Senegal. I think they would think that was a good use of it." Inside Lahore's biggest used garment market, Pakistan Oxfam has also attempted to enhance benefits for importers by setting up Frip Ethique - a social enterprise in Senegal. The facility, now overseen by Falkingham, employs 40 local staff to sort 2,000 tonnes of Oxfam's exported clothing (36% of total exports) and sell on to small traders at fair prices. All profits are ploughed back into projects in Senegal. "We are really now managing to make the trade work for very poor people who would otherwise be excluded from it," Falkingham says. But Brooks argues that while Oxfam's model is a "pragmatic solution" in the short term, it is a "tiny part" of a massive second-hand clothing sector and doesn't tackle the trade dynamics and systems that, he says, deny the world's poorest "ways to climb out of poverty". For Ross Barry and his recycling company, the collection, sorting and export of our old clothes presents the only real alternative to dumping in landfill. He also argues it benefits many people up and down the trade chain. "If we as a company buy it, a charity or a local authority gets paid for it. We also employ lots of staff, so they get paid. It then gets sold to our customers and they employ their own staff within their own company." Other beneficiaries include destination governments, through import duty payments, and local traders who are, he says, predominantly women. Barry dismisses suggestions that such buyers are being forced to wear the Western world's cast-offs. Many prefer second-hand garments to the alternative - poorer-quality clothing manufactured in East Asia, he says. But he does believe charities should be clearer when explaining the true fate of the clothing donations they receive. "I think for charities, it was a nice easy story for them - that everything that was donated was sold in the charity shop," he says. "But the truth of the matter is, people in the UK, on the whole, don't need to buy cheap clothing." The fact that many of our old clothes end up overseas should not stop people handing them over to charity, he says, but he welcomes a time when the role of his industry is out in the open. "People would much rather know the truth - why perpetuate the myth?" Design by Charlotte Thornton and James Offer, development by Aidan Fewster.

हर साल, पूरे यू. के. में हम में से हजारों लोग अपने उपयोग किए गए कपड़ों को दान में दान करते हैं-कई लोगों का मानना है कि यह जरूरतमंद लोगों को दिया जाएगा या धन जुटाने के लिए हाई स्ट्रीट चैरिटी की दुकानों में बेचा जाएगा। लेकिन एक नई किताब से पता चला है कि हम जो कुछ भी सौंपते हैं वह वास्तव में विदेशों में भेज दिया जाता है-एक £ 2.8bn ($4.3bn) पुराने कपड़े के व्यापार का हिस्सा जो दुनिया भर में फैला हुआ है। हम अपने कास्ट-ऑफ की यात्रा की जांच करते हैं और दान से लेकर उनके अंतिम गंतव्य तक कपड़ों के एक सेट का पालन करना शुरू करते हैं।


Brexit worries on both sides of the Irish border

Summary: There is little sign of the scars of the past in Newry these days - the Georgian High Street looks prosperous, and the modern shopping centre which has been developed along the quayside of the town's 18th Century canal is buzzing with life.

By Ed StourtonBBC News But the small group of public officials and local activists I met in a cafe there all remember when this area saw the Troubles at their most savage. And they associate the changes that have come, thanks to the peace process, with the benefits that have flowed from EU membership. Newry is just north of Northern Ireland's border, and Conor Patterson, now chief executive of the Newry and Morne Enterprise Agency, recalled what it was like to cross it in the bad old days. "My mother was from Dundalk (in the Republic), so we travelled every week from Newry to Dundalk, and experienced weekly what the hard border meant in practice," he says. "That was long queues - not just through the security border but thereafter at the customs post… it was really tough." Pamela Arthurs, chief executive of East Border Region, a local authority-led cross-border organisation, worries about a Brexit threat to the stability which, she says, has been brought to the region by £2.4bn of EU funding. "The concern we would have is if there was a Brexit, what would the alternative be?" she asks. "Are we assured that the amount of money would continue?" Find out more Listen to Brexit: The Irish Question by Ed Stourton on BBC Radio 4's Analysis programme on Monday 8 February at 20:30 GMT, or catch up via the iPlayer The UK's EU referendum: Everything you need to know What will happen when? Q&A: What Britain wants from Europe Full coverage of the EU referendum Unionists who want to leave the EU bridle at the idea that it would undermine the peace process. "We have come through far, far more difficult challenges to the political institutions in the peace process than this issue," says Nigel Dodds, MP for Belfast North and deputy leader of the DUP. "The peace process was based on a desire to move Northern Ireland forward, away from years and decades of violence. That's not going to be interrupted or disadvantaged by whatever decision we make on the EU membership issue." But the way the peace process has been raised as an issue in Northern Ireland reflects an important dimension to the forthcoming referendum on Britain's membership of the European Union. The Brexit debate can look very different from different parts of the United Kingdom. Since the last time we voted on Europe - in 1975 - there has been a constitutional revolution. The devolution of power to the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh and Northern Ireland Assemblies has changed the relationship between the constituent parts of the UK profoundly. Dr Jo Hunt of Cardiff University, who studies the impact of devolution on the way government works in the UK, says that the "devolved parts of the UK have developed their own relations with the European Union", and argues that that is likely to be reflected in the way people vote. In Northern Ireland the most important factor which makes the Brexit debate different is the border. It is the UK's only land border with another sovereign state, which runs for more than 300 miles (483km) from Carlingford Lough on the Irish Sea to Lough Foyle in the North West. And fears that it might become a so-called "hard" border have prompted Dublin to get involved in the the UK's internal debate in a way some Unionists resent. "When you have two countries that are linked in the way our countries are, with a land border between us and extraordinary economic, political, historical people-to-people links, anything that puts a barrier between them has to be a negative thing from our point of view," says Dan Mulhall, the Irish ambassador in London. His Prime Minister, Enda Kenny, went a step further and, on a recent trip to London, warned that a Brexit could cause "serious difficulties" for Northern Ireland. "I don't dispute that Irish Republic leaders and politicians have a right to express a view as far as it affects the Irish Republic," says the DUP's Nigel Dodds. "I am critical when Enda Kenny comes to the UK and says a decision to leave is bad for Northern Ireland." And "leave" campaigners challenge the assumption that the border would change radically. Veteran MP Kate Hoey who was born in Northern Ireland and is co-chair of Labour Leave says: "I don't see a situation where we would end up with big barriers up." "I see no reason if we were not in the European Union why we wouldn't build a good relationship with the Republic that would work out a lot of these issues". Sinn Fein has in the past been sceptical about some aspects of the EU, but they will be in the "stay" camp, and it sees the possibility of what Martina Anderson - one of the party's MEPs - calls a "constitutional opportunity". If the leave campaign wins but Northern Ireland votes to stay, it will, like the SNP in Scotland, push for a second, separate referendum there. "The days of Mother England wagging its finger to Scotland, Wales and to us in the North, and that we would be pulled out of the EU if the people of Northern Ireland are against that, are over," Anderson says. Many of these positions, of course, reflect local political concerns, but their impact could be felt right across the UK. Cardiff University's Dr Jo Hunt argues that the referendum "is far more than just a question about remaining in the EU. It is about our constitutional future". Devolution has, she points out, been "an ongoing and evolving" process. "This," she believes, "could be seen as a trigger button."

इन दिनों न्यूरी में अतीत के निशान के बहुत कम संकेत हैं-जॉर्जियाई हाई स्ट्रीट समृद्ध दिखती है, और आधुनिक खरीदारी केंद्र जो शहर की 18 वीं शताब्दी की नहर के किनारे पर विकसित किया गया है, जीवन से गुलजार है।


Harwich race back after 29 years to mark Mayflower anniversary

Summary: A half marathon will be run for the first time in nearly 30 years to coincide with the 400th anniversary of a historic sea voyage next year.

The race in Harwich, Essex, will be revived as part of the celebrations of the Mayflower' - the Harwich-based ship which took the first pilgrims to America in 1620. The run, which was last held in 1991, is proposed to be held on 5 April. The route will include parts of the original course. The half marathon is being organised by Harwich Runners and the Rotary Club of Harwich & Dovercourt. It was first run in 1982 and attracted more than 1,000 runners. Harwich Runners said it hoped to create a "festival-style atmosphere" for the event. The Mayflower Source: BBC

लगभग 30 वर्षों में पहली बार एक हाफ मैराथन अगले साल एक ऐतिहासिक समुद्री यात्रा की 400 वीं वर्षगांठ के साथ आयोजित की जाएगी।


Liam Gallagher forces Parklife festival to ban potato peelers

Summary: The rock and roll potato feud just got serious.

Parklife festival in Manchester has banned potato peelers after being swamped with requests following the announcement of Liam Gallagher as a headliner. This goes back to Liam asking fans to "peel some spuds" at a gig last year after brother Noel's appearance on Jools Holland. It was a dig at the decision by Noel to have one of his band play the scissors. Liam's referred to his brother as a "potato" on a number of occasions. So after seeing the performance with scissors, there was only one natural response. Clearly, the offer is proving too tempting. Speaking to the Manchester Evening News, Parklife founder Sacha Lord-Marchionne said they'd been "blown away at how many people have asked to bring in potato peelers for Liam's main stage performance". And let's not forget, they're sharp implements which is not ideal in a crowded situation. "In case you're wondering - the answer is most definitely no," said Sacha. The ban seems like the sensible option. Imagine if you had tens of thousands of people all doing the same as this man. Parklife is now in its ninth year and is one of the biggest metropolitan festivals in the UK. This will be Liam's first performance but he's played at the Heaton Park venue a number of times with Oasis. Other headliners at the June event include The xx, Skepta and N.E.R.D. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 every weekday on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra - if you miss us you can listen back here

रॉक एंड रोल आलू का झगड़ा गंभीर हो गया।


Can long-haul air travel also be low cost?

Summary: Budget airlines have transformed air travel over the past two decades, making a flight almost as cheap as a coach journey for hundreds of millions of travellers. But can the same ever be true for longer journeys as well?

By Chris JohnstonBusiness reporter, BBC News Our love affair with budget airlines continues unabated. Ryanair, the Irish carrier that passengers have long loved to hate, last year overtook Lufthansa to become Europe's biggest airline by passenger numbers. Norwegian carried about a quarter of Ryanair's 117 million passengers in the same period. But unlike its competitors, the Oslo-based airline has found considerable success by flying across the Atlantic from cities including London and Paris for the past four years - and appears to have the likes of IAG worried. The decision by IAG, which owns British Airways, Iberia and Aer Lingus, to launch a low-cost long-haul airline is regarded as a direct response to the threat posed by Norwegian. A "reactionary tit-for-tat move" is how one analyst describes the move. The Barcelona-based carrier will initially offer flights to four destinations including Los Angeles and Buenos Aires at "even more affordable" prices from June. IAG says it sold 52,000 tickets in the 24 hours after Level's website went live last week. The arrival of budget operators on long-haul routes is good news for consumers as they are proving "very stiff competition for traditional airlines", says a spokesperson for Abta. But the travel agents' body points out that passengers may be less willing to put up with a cramped cabin for flights that take many hours - as well as paying extra for food and checked baggage. All airlines must impose air passenger duty of £75 each way, which Abta says is one reason the arrival of Level will not trigger a price war. In addition, it will start with just two planes, but as Gerald Khoo, an airlines analyst at Liberum, notes: "Two aircraft will not be the sum total of IAG's ambitions." 'Asleep at the wheel' Level plans to add more routes with more planes from summer 2018 and is "talking to other potential European airports where Level may operate". Khoo expects the UK to be on its wish list, with Manchester a possible first port of call. The advantage of using a new brand such as Level not only allows IAG to keep costs as low as possible, but also means a break with the past. Khoo argues that BA passengers have certain expectations of what the service levels should be, which may no longer be realistic. Norwegian does not suffer from the same problem and seems to be exceeding expectations given its customer satisfaction ratings, he adds. But another analyst who covers IAG says the company "may have left its run too late - it's been asleep at the wheel for too long". Norwegian started offering the UK's first low-cost long-haul flights to the US from Gatwick in July 2014 and has become the third biggest airline at the Sussex airport. It now flies to seven US destinations from Gatwick, with twice-daily departures to New York and a daily flight to Los Angeles. Stuart Buss, a spokesperson for Norwegian, says it had long wanted to fly across the Atlantic but could not make the numbers add up until the arrival of Boeing's 787 Dreamliner in late 2011. The plane is largely made of composite materials, making it far lighter and thus much more fuel efficient. Norwegian was one of the first to order the plane and among the first airlines to start flying it. The company has 13 Dreamliners in service, with another 30 on order. "It's been the backbone of our long-haul growth," Buss says. The airline will also start flying from Barcelona to the US in June, around the same time that it begins services from Edinburgh, Belfast, Cork, Shannon and Dublin using Boeing single-aisle 737 aircraft. This year Norwegian starts taking delivery of the 737 Max, the latest version of the plane. Buss says its improved fuel efficiency will make it "another gamechanger". The airline has 100 of the planes on order, underlining the scale of its ambition. Seasonal swings While putting bums on seats to the US in the summer months at prices as low as £135 each way should not be too difficult, Norwegian may find it more challenging to fill planes from regional cities in the autumn or winter, says one airlines analyst. And despite Michael O'Leary's oft-repeated claims, the analyst doubts Ryanair will ever launch trans-Atlantic services. "It's just not economic - Ryanair could fly from Shannon to Boston now using 737-800 planes, but they can only do one return journey a day, compared with four or five turns on European routes." That obstacle does not appear to be deterring other airlines from echoing IAG's plans. Lufthansa's budget offshoot, Eurowings, flies to countries such as Cuba and Thailand from Germany. Meanwhile, Air France will start long-haul services on its Boost subsidiary next year with the aim of "opening new routes, re-opening routes closed due to their lack of profitability and maintaining routes under threat". Next year BA plans to squeeze another 36 economy seats into its Boeing 777 planes that fly from Gatwick to holiday destinations in Florida and the Caribbean, bringing the total to 252. It has also started to charge for food on short-haul flights, further blurring the lines between traditional and budget airlines. When it comes to flying, it seems we very much get what we pay for.

बजट एयरलाइनों ने पिछले दो दशकों में हवाई यात्रा को बदल दिया है, जिससे लाखों यात्रियों के लिए एक उड़ान लगभग कोच यात्रा जितनी सस्ती हो गई है। लेकिन क्या लंबी यात्राओं के लिए भी ऐसा ही हो सकता है?


The secrets of Britain's abandoned villages

Summary: The ghosts of thousands of long-forgotten villages haunt Britain, inhabitations suddenly deserted and left to ruin. As a new campaign begins to shed further light on these forgotten histories, the Magazine asks - what happened and why?

By Tom GeogheganBBC News Magazine Albert Nash, blacksmith for 44 years in the village of Imber, Wiltshire, was found by his wife Martha slumped over the anvil in his forge. He was, in her words, crying like a baby. It was the beginning of November 1943, a day or two after Mr Nash and the rest of the villagers had been told by the War Office they had 47 days to pack their bags and leave, to make way for US forces. Within weeks Mr Nash had died. Folklore had it that the death certificate said the cause was a broken heart. Imber, once a Saxon settlement, is one of thousands of British ex-villages - once thriving communities that succumbed to natural or human forces, like disease, coastal erosion, industrial decline, reservoirs or war. To mark the launch of the new Times Atlas of Britain, its publisher Collins wants people to send in their memories of such places, to create a digital archive dedicated to these lost locations. "While compiling the first comprehensive atlas of its type to be published in the UK in over 40 years, we were not only interested in how the United Kingdom had changed geographically over time, but the implications of this for residents of our islands," says Jethro Lennox, senior publishing manager at Times Atlas. "Initially, we found that natural factors such as coastal erosion and flooding had made some places uninhabitable... while economic, military or industrial-related reasons also contributed towards an abandonment of settlements, including Dylife, Imber and Radcliffe." Ten of them are listed below. Binnend Fife Binnend was established at the end of the 19th Century to house workers at the nearby shale extraction works, but the mines closed in 1894. The last inhabitant, George Hood, left in 1954. Mardale Cumbria Mardale was submerged in 1935 when Manchester Corporation raised the water level of the lake to form a reservoir. The walls of the abandoned village occasionally reappear in long periods of dry weather. Derwent Derbyshire The two villages of Derwent and Ashopton were flooded by the creation of the Ladybower Reservoir in the 1940s, but a few houses and a small population survive. Dylife Powys Dylife had been a place for lead mining ever since Roman times and at its height between 1850-70 it was considered one of the largest of its type in Europe. The last mines closed in 1901 and two chapels remain today. Stanford Norfolk Stanford was taken over by the British Army during World War II for training purposes and it remains an Army base today, known as the Stanford Battle Area. Temperance Town Cardiff Temperance Town was demolished in 1937, a time when there was high unemployment due to the decline in Cardiff's coal industry. The tenants were rehoused and the area redeveloped. Imber Wiltshire In 1943, the 135 inhabitants of Imber in Wiltshire were told by the War Office that they had 47 days to leave, because the Army wanted the village for training. It opens today for two or three weekends a year. Hallsands Devon The tiny village of Hallsands was home to 128 people at the start of 26 January 1917, but by the end of a stormy night, only one house remained. Twenty-nine homes had been destroyed. Hampton-on-Sea Kent The community of Hampton-on-Sea was already in decline when some of the homes fell into the sea in the early 20th Century and others were demolished. Part of the original pier still remains today. Tyneham Dorset The village of Tyneham on the Isle of Purbeck is one of the forgotten casualties of World War II. The War Office gave the village's 225 residents notice to leave their homes by December 19th 1943. The anguish of Mr Nash shows the pain that such events in history can wreak on families and communities. Mr Nash's grandson, Ken Mitchell, now 84, remembers the eviction well. "It was a bombshell dropped on the villagers. The elders were called together for a meeting in the schoolroom and when they were told, it was a complete surprise. "Albert was very upset and it hit him very hard. He moved to Bishops Cannings, near Devizes, but he had lost the will to live and only survived four or five weeks." Ken was 17 at the time. He had for a time worked with his grandfather in the smithy but was now seeking a career in the RAF. After leaving Imber and the vicarage where he worked, Ken's father became a labourer on a farm about 15 miles away, and took his wife and three children there, although a year later Ken joined the Army. All 155 villagers left, most of them scattered around the Salisbury Plain area, working as farmhands. Their demands to return after the war came to nothing. "There was no anger at the time. Dismay and disappointment, yes, but the anger took a long time. They felt they were helping the country and helping the war effort, and they thought they were coming back. My mother was visibly upset but I don't think it really affected the children." For a few weekends a year, the Ministry of Defence allows public access to Imber, so Ken and other surviving villagers return, but the thatched cottage he left behind has been demolished and the Victorian vicarage destroyed. The story of Imber has long fascinated Rex Sawyer, a former headmaster in Wiltshire and author of Little Imber on the Down, and he says it's now part of the county's identity. "It has such a grip on the hearts and minds of Wiltshire people. When Imber opens, people flood there, but the village is in a very sad state now, just a few buildings." For many other "ghost" settlements, there are no remains at all, so long ago were they inhabited and then deserted. Villages, hamlets and farms have been moving around since the Neolithic Age, when people settled down for the first time, says Trevor Rowley, author of Deserted Villages, although some periods in history such as the Black Death in the late Middle Ages, have been more turbulent than others. "These changes happen in places previously desirable but no longer worth living in because you can't make your living there any more. So it reflects on social history and economic history," says Mr Rowley. Archaeologists are happy because the remains give them an undisturbed snapshot of society, he says, but there is an underlying sadness to these events. Although some people affected were rehoused, many others took up a life of squatting while the most unfortunate turned to vagrancy. One of the most infamous examples in British history was the Highlands Clearances in the 18th and 19th Centuries, which displaced thousands and had a deep cultural impact. Around the same time, Irish poet Oliver Goldsmith evoked feelings of melancholy in The Deserted Village, about returning to his village after a long absence, to find it neglected and empty - "desolation saddens all they green" - apart from one lonely widow. Stephen Fisk, who visits Britain's abandoned villages and documents them on his website, says his devotion was stimulated by the human stories behind evictions and resettlements. "I wanted to know what it was like for people forced to leave their homes and land, and how they coped afterwards. When it's a wealthy landlord forcing people out for one reason or another, I think there's more anger. You can't help but feel indignation on their behalf." But when it's due to natural causes, it is at least a gradual process, at least in the UK, says Mr Fisk. Dunwich in Suffolk was a very important port in the Middle Ages but it was washed away by the sea, in a process that probably happened over hundreds of years. In the last 100 years, societies have proved to be remarkably versatile, he says, and the general decline in industries has not claimed as many villages as one might think. "Communities have survived or developed a new purpose, or even just become commuter places for the town or city nearby." Resettlements have become less likely to happen today, because the power structures don't exist and we're better at resisting them, he says, although the village of Sipson in west London only escaped when plans for the third runway at Heathrow Airport were cancelled recently. Still today, there are reminders of abandonments of the past - a solitary church or a strange bump on the landscape. And in the Dorset village of Tyneham, a more poignant tribute. As if frozen in time, the coat pegs in the schoolhouse still bear the names of the children evacuated 70 years ago, when the village become an Army training base for the D-Day landings.

लंबे समय से भूले हुए हजारों गाँवों के भूत ब्रिटेन को परेशान करते हैं, आबादी अचानक सुनसान हो जाती है और बर्बाद हो जाती है। जैसे ही एक नया अभियान इन भूले हुए इतिहास पर और प्रकाश डालना शुरू करता है, पत्रिका पूछती है-क्या हुआ और क्यों?


The curious allure of child preachers

Summary: An 11-year-old boy in the US has been ordained as a minister in his family's church, and also preaches at a number of local churches. He is the latest in a long history of American child preachers - so what is the appeal?

By Cordelia HebblethwaiteBBC News, Washington DC Ezekiel Stoddard's head pops up only just above the lectern as he stands to deliver his sermon. He turns the pages of his notes with a flick of the hand and a flourish, and speaks quickly and insistently, punctuating his words with a regular "Amen" or "Hallelujah", as he hops from verse to verse. He's 11 years old, but dressed like a gentleman. "Are you ready?" he says a few minutes in, looking up at the crowd of eager faces. "I said 'Are you ready?'" He repeats the question five times, before booming: "Are you ready for the resurrection of Christ?" And with that his whirlwind of a sermon is over. But the show goes on. Ezekiel moves over to join his older sister Corrine, 15, and brothers Hezekiah, 13, and Micah, seven, who - together with 10-year-old Jasmine - form the gospel group, God's Blessings, No Chains Holding Me Down. Standing in line, in order of height, they sing, swing, and click their fingers. It's fun, catchy, foot-tapping stuff, and the congregation at Christ Centered Missionary Baptist Church, in the east of Washington, DC, sway and clap to the beat. Ezekiel is the frontman and, from time to time, breaks into a little rap. Then the blessings begin. One by one, members of the congregation - anything up to seven times Ezekiel's age - bend down to his height, and whisper into his ear. Ezekiel commands the devil to leave, or calls for healing. One woman hunches down and begins to sob for a few minutes, before clenching her fist and summoning the strength to get back up. "He's a remarkable young man," says Rev Hercules S Jones, who invited Ezekiel to his church to preach. "When he delivers the gospel, it's inspiring." And it brings in the crowds. When Rev Jones asks how many are visiting this week, around one-third of hands shoot up. "I came to see him and I really loved it," smiles 39-year-old Raquel Hall. "I thought he was extraordinary." "He is awesome," says Daisy Reed, a deaconess at the church, who brought three friends from her fitness class along, especially to see him. "He's not showing any fear at all. He's just getting up there and doing what he has to do, being led by the Holy Spirit." Ezekiel's mother and stepfather are both pastors, and two years ago set up their own church with white-painted brick walls, red curtains, flowers, and a sound-system so loud you can feel it pulse inside your chest. And it was there, in the Fullness of Time Church in Capitol Heights, Maryland, that earlier this year, Ezekiel was ordained as a minister, and his brother, Hezekiah, a deacon. "It was wonderful," says 13-year-old Hezekiah. "Everybody was applauding us, and when we got presented to the crowd, the whole crowd stood up and started rattling and clapping." Micah, just seven years old, already has plans to follow in his brothers' footsteps. "I started a sermon at home, and I typed it, and I think it's going to be good," he says in a little voice, adding that he will wait until he is 10 or 11 to deliver it. The US is by no means the only country with child preachers - there is a thriving market for them in Brazil, for example, and Indonesia even has a controversial TV show where young Islamic preachers compete. The phenomenon is most likely to crop up among denominations which emphasise the power of the Holy Spirit and encourage lay participation, says Edith Blumhofer, an expert on the history of Christianity, based at Wheaten College in Illinois. It is also likely to arise, she says, among sections of the population otherwise regarded as at the margins of society. The 1920s and 1930s were the heyday for child preachers - historically-speaking we are "in a bit of a lull" right now, says Ted Lavigne, a retired minister, who is writing a book on the subject. Lavigne has discovered about 500 examples so far, dating back as far as the 1700s. A handful of them are British child preachers from the late 1890s and early 1900s - but the vast majority are American. "There is a dynamism to religion in America that I think is unmatched anywhere in the world - we are an incurably religious people," says Randall Balmer, chair of the religion department at Dartmouth College. "I think the appeal of a child preacher is frankly the novelty of it," he says. "It's a kind of a carnival side-show." Because the First Amendment bars state intervention in religion, this has created a kind of "marketplace of religion" in the US, which encourages popularism and entrepreneurialism, says Balmer. "If you have a sort of gimmick or stunt, then you have an advantage." There is very little regulation of US churches - just about anyone can establish a church and set their own rules. Ezekiel's family's church is non-denominational, which gives them even more independence as they do not have to conform to any overarching rules on, for example, ordination. But it is not difficult to find sceptics who say children this age are too young to be ordained, and too young to be preaching - and they point to cases where things have gone wrong. Perhaps the most dramatic is that of Marjoe Gortner, the one-time child preacher, who decades later revealed he had never believed, and did it, first under pressure from his parents, and in later life, to make money. A documentary film on his story was deemed too controversial to show in the southern Bible Belt when it came out in 1972. One of the most famous child preachers ever was a girl - Uldine Utley - who was a massive hit in the 1920s, travelling across the country preaching to crowds of thousands, before disappearing from public view, and eventually ending up in a mental institution. "As an adult she really struggled - she never had the same appeal," says Edith Blumhofer. Both women and children were often seen as "empty vessels" through which the word of God would be transmitted in a direct, unfiltered way, says Blumhofer. "In these contexts, there is a certain purity associated with childhood... when she grew up, she was less interesting." Ezekiel's family is acutely aware of the criticisms, and ready with their rebuttals - though sometimes they still sting. "Does it hurt when people say something about my child? Because I'm a mum first, it really does," says Pastor Adrienne Smith. But those who criticise Ezekiel have not met him, she says pointedly - they are "stereotyping" him "because of past histories". She says her children are well-rounded, and do lots of "kids' stuff" too - like swimming, tennis, and horse riding. Ezekiel loves to play outside chasing lizards and grasshoppers. He also spends up to two hours each day reading the bible. Sometimes Pastor Smith wonders where her son is, and finds him tucked away in a room on his own with the Bible, looking serious. The children are home-schooled by their mother - the local public schools were too rough, she says, and not good learning environments. Adrienne knows about the rough life - after being taken into care as a teenager, she finished school and funded her own way through college, all the while living in a homeless shelter, surrounded by drugs, pimping and prostituting. "I finished high school and I cried on graduation day because everybody had their mum and their parents. "I was crying, just standing there by myself - there was no family member there to hug me and say 'congratulations'." This is the history that she is determined not to see a repeat of. Adrienne is hugely proud of her children - you can see it written all over her face as she claps while they sing, or watches Ezekiel intently as he preaches. "I'm in awe of him! It's like 'That's my boy!'" beams senior Pastor Vasconcellas Smith, stepfather to the children. "I've cried with pride several times, and I do it openly - I don't care!" Ezekiel has not decided what he wants to do as a job when he grows up. There is plenty of time to work it out, he says. But he has decided what kind of car he would like. "I might have a Corvette, or I might have a Chevelle, it doesn't matter which type of car I get - I just know it's going to be a Chevrolet," he says, his eyes lighting up, and his voice full of animation. "But for myself," he says, turning more serious and philosophical, "I just really want to stay in the word and continue preaching. "Christians and believers, we should be the light of the world. "In the salt, they take out the dark part, but leave the light part for you to eat - and I think we should be that light part."

अमेरिका में एक 11 वर्षीय लड़के को उसके परिवार के चर्च में मंत्री के रूप में नियुक्त किया गया है, और वह कई स्थानीय चर्चों में भी उपदेश देता है। वह अमेरिकी बाल प्रचारकों के लंबे इतिहास में नवीनतम है-तो अपील क्या है?


Five ways Justin King turned around Sainsbury's

Summary: Sainsbury's chief executive Justin King has announced he will step down as head of the supermarket chain in July, after 10 years of transformation. How has he altered the retailer's fortunes, asks Chris Stokel-Walker.

1. He looked inwards. The first year King took over running the supermarket, Sainsbury's had just invested huge sums in an IT system that didn't work. "The shops didn't have the stuff on the shelf that people needed," says Graham Soult, a retail analyst. King fixed the system and ensured shelves were well-stocked. It was a sign of his mentality - make the basics work. Tesco has been chastened by its aborted expansion into foreign markets - particularly its desire to crack the US. King had no such delusions of grandeur - he was given a company in the doldrums, and was focused on fixing it. As Tesco went stateside, King pulled the plug on Shaw's, Sainsbury's US expansion. And King looked inwards in another way. A strong focus on own-brand food has paid off for Sainsbury's - its 2013 half-year sales showed that its Taste the Difference and By Sainsbury's ranges were outselling branded food two-to-one. 2. Build, build, build. In 2004, as King took over as chief executive, Sainsbury's had 583 stores. He'll leave it with double that number. In fact, take off the 596 convenience stores Sainsbury's owns around the country - almost half the retailer's total number of shops - and you're still left with 583 full-sized supermarkets. When King joined, Sainsbury's was increasing its national floor space at a rate of around 2% a year. By the end of 2005 he pledged to double that, then four years later pledged to double it again, all while ensuring the company remained competitive online. Success has shown at the tills - for 36 consecutive quarters sales have grown at the retailer. 3. Convenience is key. King leaves the company with more smaller stores than supermarkets, having managed to foresee that the way Britons shop has changed. "Sainsbury's isn't struggling with large stores," says Soult. "It's got the mix right. People are looking around for bargains, and they're more willing to pick and choose from different retailers. People live busy lives, too - we need convenience." A third of the population of the UK are within a 15-minute drive of a Sainsbury's branch. For the fourth year in a row Sainsbury's was named convenience chain of the year, and in 2013 it was the Retail Industry Awards' supermarket of the year. 4. Quality/value balance. Until 1995, Sainsbury's was the supermarket of choice for Britons. Then Tesco changed the face of retail, including a focus on Tesco Value ranges. Sainsbury's had fallen to third place in the supermarket standings. Last year, after 10 years of trying, Sainsbury's managed to surpass Asda to regain the number two spot, with a 17% market share (though Sainsbury's still remains a long way behind Tesco, which has 29% of the market according to Kantar Worldpanel). Sainsbury's has always been thought of as selling slightly higher quality items, which limited its customer base. In July 2003, less than 10% of the working-class and out-of-work population shopped there. The implementation of Sainsbury's Brand Match policy has widened its appeal without putting off its core audience. "There's a successful blend of being a quality brand, but being accessible and warm," says Soult. 5. Keeping big names. The era of the celebrity chef proved helpful for Sainsbury's under King. The retailer's partnership with Jamie Oliver looked to be on the rocks as King took his seat at the executive table. Oliver, who had been advertising Sainsbury's products since June 2000, was thought to be dated, and consistently topped polls of the most annoying adverts on television. But King committed further to Oliver, confident that he was good for business, and was proved right. In 2005 Oliver launched his school meals crusade and bounced back into the public consciousness. Sainsbury's benefited by association. The same happened with the company's sponsorship of the Paralympics in 2012. "If you were to look back 10 years," explains Soult, "the Sainsbury's brand was muddled. Now it's much more focused - more so than Tesco, Asda or Morrisons." That may be Justin King's biggest legacy. Follow @BBCNewsMagazine on Twitter and on Facebook

सेंसबरी के मुख्य कार्यकारी जस्टिन किंग ने घोषणा की है कि वह 10 साल के परिवर्तन के बाद जुलाई में सुपरमार्केट श्रृंखला के प्रमुख के रूप में पद छोड़ देंगे। उन्होंने खुदरा विक्रेता की किस्मत को कैसे बदल दिया है, क्रिस स्टोकेल-वॉकर पूछते हैं।


Woman killed and son seriously hurt in Darlington crash

Summary: A woman, 29, has died and her five-year-old son is in hospital with serious injuries after they were struck by a car at a pedestrian crossing.

The crash happened at 15:40 BST on Sunday on St Cuthbert's Way, Darlington, County Durham. A 36-year-old man driving a Ford Focus was arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving and driving while unfit through drink or drugs. He has been released under investigation. The woman was airlifted to Middlesbrough's James Cook University Hospital, but died from her injuries. Her son was taken to the hospital by ambulance and is in the paediatric intensive care unit, a spokeswoman for Durham Police said.

एक पैदल यात्री क्रॉसिंग पर एक कार की चपेट में आने से एक महिला (29) की मौत हो गई है और उसका पांच साल का बेटा गंभीर रूप से घायल अस्पताल में भर्ती है।


ENO's incoming music director aiming to be 'bolder'

Summary: Mark Wigglesworth's conducting career has seen him work with a host of world class ensembles around the globe, and next year he takes the helm at English National Opera. But foremost in his mind is his return to the Proms - with a concert featuring a composer he feels deserves more credit.

By Jason CaffreyBBC News "The main piece is Elgar's first symphony which is a fantastic piece to do," says Wigglesworth. "We tend to take Elgar's achievements for granted, but when you consider that there was basically no British orchestral music before him, his achievements seem all the greater. "And the sort of barriers that he broke down culturally were quite considerable", he explains. "It's a piece that I think reflects amazingly the time, 1907-08, when Britain was losing its confidence. "There's a wonderful, almost ambiguous triumph at the end, which suggests it might not all be plain sailing. "And I think how he achieved that is miraculous." Wigglesworth has been a regular at the Proms since 1991, conducting works by composers ranging from Olivier Messiaen to Richard Wagner. In that time he has worked with orchestras in Tokyo, New York and Stockholm, to name just a few stops on his itinerary. There have also been a number of well-received outings at English National Opera (ENO), where Wigglesworth takes over from Edward Gardner as music director next year. Laughing boisterously, he agrees that taking the helm at ENO is a big undertaking, all the more so because of the standard set by the outgoing Gardner. "He's done a fantastic job," says Wigglesworth. "Musical standards at English National Opera have always been very high," he continues, explaining that his task will be to maintain them, "and that's easier than creating them in the first place". "I've known ENO for 30 years," he continues. "I've worked there quite a lot and always had a wonderful time. "So to be able to be there all the time... it's a huge privilege." So how might a Marriage of Figaro, or a La Boheme, sound different under Wigglesworth's baton? He won't be drawn on how his style might differ from Gardner, saying only that the two are "similar in our approach". Wigglesworth arrives at ENO at a time when it is having to reshape itself in order to survive. The company's Arts Council funding has been cut by 29% and it announced earlier this year that it will stage musicals as well operas. It's a big financial blow that will see its annual grant drop from £17.2m in 2014/15 to £12.4m in the subsequent financial year. Explaining the cut, the Arts Council said that despite the "indisputably ambitious quality of work", the ENO had "struggled to reach box office targets and achieve long-term stability". But Wigglesworth insists it remains "a very exciting time for the company". "Of course it is depressing to lose money, to lose funding - that is obvious," he says. "But that is what it is, and I believe that the vision of the company can sustain itself into the future. "I think the musicals is a headline-attracting branch, but ENO's always done musicals. "We're just trying to do them now a little bit better. And we're not doing any less opera." ENO's last season included 10 new productions and one entirely new commission. But with the recent closure of some big name musicals, and an ongoing industrial dispute at one of the company's production partners, New York's Metropolitan Opera, it might not come as a surprise if ENO chose to play things safe. However, that's a suggestion that Wigglesworth bats away. "No, because we can't afford not to take risks," he says. "Nobody wants ENO just to survive. They want it to survive so that it can continue to do adventurous work. And when you are adventurous, inevitably some risks aren't going to come off. "It's our job to balance that risk, and make sure that there are enough sure-fire successes surrounding the risks, to make sure that the company stays buoyant financially and artistically if they don't all come off." Wigglesworth says that while ENO must stay afloat financially, that's not the sole aim. "It's perfectly healthy to engage 100% of the time in the finances of the company, but you also have to engage in the artistic ambitions of the company," he adds. He also sees the post as an opportunity to stretch himself artistically. "The mutual trust that comes from being part of an organisation allows you to be bolder as a performer, and I'm really looking forward to the opportunity of taking some risks myself, frankly. "More risks, in terms of what I do - perhaps even how I do it. It's an opportunity to really explore." Mark Wigglesworth conducts the BBC National Orchestra of Wales at the Royal Albert Hall on 6 August.

मार्क विगल्सवर्थ के संचालन करियर ने उन्हें दुनिया भर में कई विश्व स्तरीय कलाकारों के साथ काम करते देखा है, और अगले साल वह इंग्लिश नेशनल ओपेरा में शीर्ष पद संभालते हैं। लेकिन उनके दिमाग में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण बात प्रोम्स में उनकी वापसी है-एक संगीत कार्यक्रम के साथ जिसमें एक संगीतकार है जो उन्हें लगता है कि अधिक श्रेय का हकदार है।


Sheffield Ski Village fire investigation begins

Summary: An investigation has started into the cause of a fire which destroyed the main building of an outdoor ski village in Sheffield.

South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue said it received a call to Sheffield Ski Village in Vale Road just before 01:00 BST on Sunday. Five fire engines and 25 firefighters attended the blaze. No-one was injured. Police are working with the fire service in a joint investigation into the blaze. The fire service said at the height of the blaze crews were pumping about 3,000 litres of water per minute on to the fire. In March 2011 the adventure playground at the village was destroyed after a suspected arson attack.

शेफील्ड में एक बाहरी स्की गांव की मुख्य इमारत को नष्ट करने वाली आग के कारण की जांच शुरू कर दी गई है।


Wigtownshire wind farm rejected

Summary: Councillors have rejected plans for a wind farm in Wigtownshire due to concerns over its "significant adverse impact" on the landscape.

Developer RES wants to construct 11 turbines at Glenchamber between New Luce, Kirkcowan and Glenluce. A planning committee meeting of Dumfries and Galloway Council decided to refuse the scheme. A company spokesman said it would review the decision before "considering the next step".

परिदृश्य पर इसके "महत्वपूर्ण प्रतिकूल प्रभाव" पर चिंताओं के कारण पार्षदों ने विगटाउनशायर में एक पवन फार्म की योजनाओं को खारिज कर दिया है।


West Midlands PC charged with assault after arrests

Summary: A West Midlands Police officer has been charged with assault after two women were arrested by a bus station.

PC Kevin McClenaghan is facing two charges of assault following the arrest of the women after a disturbance near Halesowen bus station on 22 December. He is also accused of attempting to pervert the course of justice in relation to a witness statement about the incident, the police watchdog said. He is due at Birmingham Magistrates' Court on Thursday. The Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) said it started its investigation following a referral from the police force in January. Related Internet Links HM Courts & Tribunals Service

एक बस स्टेशन द्वारा दो महिलाओं को गिरफ्तार किए जाने के बाद वेस्ट मिडलैंड्स के एक पुलिस अधिकारी पर हमला करने का आरोप लगाया गया है।


Copeland by-election: Candidates list

Summary: A by-election will be held in Copeland on 23 February following the resignation of sitting MP Jamie Reed.

Labour, which won the West Cumbrian seat with a 2,564 majority in 2015, has chosen Gill Troughton as its candidate. The Conservatives, which came second in that poll, have selected Trudy Harrison to contest the seat. The Liberal Democrats, UKIP and the Green Party are also fielding candidates while a number of independents are also standing. The poll will be held on the same day as a by-election in Stoke-on-Trent Central. Here is the full list of the candidates:

मौजूदा सांसद जेमी रीड के इस्तीफे के बाद 23 फरवरी को कोपलैंड में उपचुनाव होगा।


How to make big bucks hunting cyber bugs

Summary: This month the US government is launching its first-ever bug bounty programme - a 20-day scheme for cybersecurity savvy citizens to have a go at finding flaws in the Department of Defense's public websites before the illegal hackers do.

By Zoe KleinmanTechnology reporter, BBC News There is a $150,000 (£106,000) pot for rewarding the finders of significant bugs. Unauthorised hacks make headlines and can have catastrophic consequences for the organisation that suffers a breach, so many seek to crowdsource their security in addition to employing their own in-house experts, offering financial rewards - known as bounties - as an incentive. Bugs are officially big business. Last month Uber announced that it too was entering the bug bounty arena with a scheme of its own, while firms like Facebook and Microsoft have been running them for years. Microsoft's top reward is currently up to $100,000 (£70,699) for "truly novel exploitation techniques against protections built into the latest version of our operating system" - or anything that bypasses all the security systems on the Windows platform. Generally a bug bounty programme will pay a reward based on how significant the find is. Facebook has so far paid out nearly $1m in bounties but the average pay-out in 2015 was $1,782 per bug - and its most prolific bug hunters were in India, Egypt, and Trinidad and Tobago, the social network says. Job opportunities "By having bug bounty programmes, companies make sure the best hackers look at their code," says computer scientist Gianluca Stringhini, assistant professor at University College London. "The more eyes look at the programme, the more bugs they find. It's also a way for these companies to identify talent." There's no doubt that if you're a successful part-time bug hunter you might even get a job out of it - security researcher Chris Vickery got his current role after doing just that. "When I found one of the databases of [software firm] MacKeeper, they turned around and said 'OK, we want to hire you to give us tips about data breaches'," he said. "That was an awesome response." So how do you go about it? Belgian bug hunter Arne Swinnen is currently ranked number two in Facebook's so-called white hat hall of fame - a surprisingly long list of the people who have helped it make its various platforms more secure by finding and telling it about vunerabilities before the cybercriminals exploit them. Mr Swinnen has a day job but in his spare time has netted around $15,000 (£10,604) finding system weaknesses in the last few months. "Some bugs that I've found they took me a couple of days, others only take five minutes. My biggest bug so far got me $2,500 (£1,767) and only cost me five minutes of my time." He started out by looking at Facebook-owned Instagram after researching bugs online and identifying that fewer bug bounty hunters appeared to have it in mind. "I looked to see what it had - website, mobile apps - I looked at their functionalities, and then started to look for vulnerabilities," he explains. Mr Swinnen admits it isn't exactly his girlfriend's idea of a holiday - but it can be lucrative. "It's my hobby, I like hunting, if you find something it's really a thrill," he told the BBC. Right side of the law Of course many companies without designated schemes will generally be appreciative of some security support. There are a few issues to be aware of though if you plan to fish in the wild, as it were - not least that unauthorised access of a system is illegal in many countries. "In the UK, under the Computer Misuse Act, unauthorised access is a criminal offence - even if the door is wide open," says cybersecurity expert Prof Alan Woodward from Surrey University. "You have to understand the law and how far you can push it. You also need to understand how the industry works because there are what you might think of as best practice [guidelines] - it's what responsible disclosure is all about." Prof Woodward also warns about the responsibilities associated with handling any data you might find floating around, that perhaps isn't as encrypted or secure as it should be. "You have a duty of care to whoever that data belongs to or is about," he adds. "Some hackers perhaps feel they are above that but they are not. "You have to be careful, it is a minefield - there is a fine line between probing for vulnerabilities and unauthorised access." Stay alert It is also a minefield for companies, especially small businesses who may well lack both the expertise and the resources to manage this global army of white hats - and the hackers hot on their heels. "In general the problem is that when someone designs a programme they expect the user to play nicely. "But an attacker could present an input that nobody thought about and that could make the programme play completely differently," says Gianluca Stringhini. His basic advice to all firms is simple. "Keep up with the news, see what new attacks are out there, make sure that whenever a new vulnerability is disclosed they update their systems - and keep an eye for general weird activity," he says. Members of staff should also take note, he adds. "You have systems you might develop but they might have holes - system administrators need to keep that in mind but so do end users, their data may not be safe." Click here to listen to the BBC World Service Business Daily Programme about white hats and bug bounties.

इस महीने अमेरिकी सरकार अपना पहला बग बाउंटी कार्यक्रम शुरू कर रही है-साइबर सुरक्षा के प्रति जागरूक नागरिकों के लिए 20-दिवसीय योजना ताकि अवैध हैकरों से पहले रक्षा विभाग की सार्वजनिक वेबसाइटों में खामियों का पता लगाया जा सके।


'Never too old for a sexual infection'

Summary: Think of someone with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and the chances are you will visualise someone young, the age group that is traditionally targetted in awareness campaigns. But in this week's Scrubbing Up, Linda Bailey from the Royal College of Nursing warns STI's are a growing problem for the over 40s, and that the problem is being ignored.

VIEWPOINT By Linda BaileyVice-chair of the RCN's public health forum Barely a month goes by without new warnings that the rate of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is rising among the nation's youth. Chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhoea, herpes, and genital warts to name just a few are affecting ever-growing numbers with each year that passes. The effects of these infections can range from mild embarrassment through to life-long infertility or in the most serious of cases, premature death. We all know that young people have sex, and unfortunately protection is not always used. Because of this, there is now a plethora of social marketing and advertising campaigns warning teenagers and young adults of the dangers of unprotected sex. 'Do we not count?' But what about the 'older' adults? Do we not count because people assume we no longer have sex? Or is it that being over the age of 40 somehow provides instant immunity to sexually transmitted infections? The truth is times have changed and so has the rate of STIs among older adults. Between 1999 and 2008 the Health Protection Agency reported a 53% increase in gonorrhoea among men aged 45-64 and a 93% increase among women. At the same time, the rate of herpes increased by 130% among this age group. Worryingly, there were also 17,000 new HIV diagnoses. While the incidence of STIs among older adults may be small compared with teenagers and young adults, it is there and it is growing. Sexual freedom There are an increasing number of people in their 40s, 50s and 60s who are newly single having recently come to the end of a long-term relationship. Many of these people would have also been in secure, stable relationships during the 1980s and impassive to the powerful advertising campaigns that shocked their single friends into protecting themselves from the scourge of HIV and AIDS. Many of these now 'older' adults will have had their first sexual experiences in the relatively safe years before we realised the dawn of Aids was just around the corner. The pill was easily accessible and as teenagers and young people, this generation, felt free to experiment. This group is now once again revelling in sexual freedom, but without the benefit of having ever been the target of public health campaigns to warn them of the dangers. The truth is that infections do not discriminate between 18 or 80 year olds - we all need to be careful. The Department of Health website provides an array of sexual health guidance and leaflets for prisoners, drug users, young men, young women, gay and bi-sexual men, people from black and ethnic communities and sex workers. These people all have needs and their needs are very important. However there is a huge gap in information aimed at people like myself who are single, straight, of a certain age and sexually active. It appears that sex in the over-40s just doesn't happen, or if it does it isn't talked about. There are many excellent campaigns out there to alert the nation's youth to the dangers of unprotected sex. But unfortunately cartoon characters and street slang just don't speak to people like me. Times have changed and sex no longer belongs to the younger generation. We should be embracing the fact 40, 50, 60 and beyond is no longer "past-it" and celebrate the young and active lifestyles of the older community. However, to keep the sexually liberated over-40s infection-free, which will also ultimately save the NHS money, we need a dedicated awareness campaign which sends out the right messages through the right channels to the right people. Health advice for the over-40s: Your Comments

यौन संचारित संक्रमण (एस. टी. आई.) वाले किसी व्यक्ति के बारे में सोचें और संभावना है कि आप किसी युवा की कल्पना करेंगे, वह आयु वर्ग जिसे पारंपरिक रूप से जागरूकता अभियानों में लक्षित किया जाता है। लेकिन इस सप्ताह के स्क्रबिंग अप में, रॉयल कॉलेज ऑफ नर्सिंग की लिंडा बेली ने चेतावनी दी है कि एस. टी. आई. 40 से अधिक उम्र के लोगों के लिए एक बढ़ती समस्या है, और इस समस्या को नजरअंदाज किया जा रहा है।


Prometheus conquers UK and Ireland box office

Summary: Sir Ridley Scott's Prometheus, a spin-off of his 1979 breakthrough Alien, has seen off rivals at the top of the UK and Irish box office.

The sci-fi movie, about a futuristic expedition to track down humankind's forefathers on a faraway planet, took £6.2m at the weekend. Snow White and the Huntsman, a dark re-telling of the fairytale, starring Kristen Stewart, was second with £3.6m. Last week's number one, Men In Black 3, dropped to third place with £3m. Marvel Avengers Assemble, the most successful film of the year so far with total UK and Ireland earnings of £48m, was at number four. Sacha Baron Cohen's latest comedy The Dictator slipped to number five. New entries included Top Cat - The Movie at seven and Ken Loach's The Angels' Share at number nine.

सर रिडले स्कॉट की प्रोमेथियस, जो उनकी 1979 की सफलता एलियन की एक स्पिन-ऑफ है, ने यूके और आयरिश बॉक्स ऑफिस पर शीर्ष पर प्रतिद्वंद्वियों को देखा है।


Nuclear waste ship adrift in Moray Firth 'is on the move'

Summary: A cargo ship carrying nuclear waste which sparked an emergency rescue mission earlier this week has resumed its journey.

The MV Parida suffered an engine fire on Tuesday evening, leaving it adrift in high seas in the Moray Firth. The vessel was eventually towed to safety and had been undergoing repairs in Invergordon. It has now transporting its cargo to Antwerp in Belgium. The Beatrice oil platform had to be evacuated after the blaze broke out on the ship. Dounreay Site Restoration Limited have confirmed the waste was from the Dounreay nuclear power plant which is being decommissioned.

परमाणु अपशिष्ट ले जाने वाला एक मालवाहक जहाज, जिसने इस सप्ताह की शुरुआत में एक आपातकालीन बचाव अभियान शुरू किया था, ने अपनी यात्रा फिर से शुरू कर दी है।


Helping the most troubled families in Britain

Summary: In response to the 2011 riots, the prime minister pledged to turn around the lives of tens of thousands of troubled families in Britain. The expensive programme would, he said, put "rocket boosters" under existing interventions. Winifred Robinson has had exclusive access to the scheme.

Efforts to transform some of the most troubled and troublesome families in England are currently under way on an unprecedented scale. Social services departments are using £448m set aside by the government in response to the riots in England in the summer of 2011. The aim is to intervene directly in the lives of 120,000 families and BBC Radio 4 has been allowed exclusive access to some of this work, meeting some of the families and the professionals trying to help them. The riots in England saw some of the worst civil unrest for decades. According to the official panel set up afterwards to investigate, more than 12,000 people rioted in 66 different areas, over five days. Of the 4,000 arrested, nine out of 10 were already known to the police. They were young, three-quarters were 24 or under and some were children. One in five of those convicted was under 18. Speaking outside Downing Street at the time, the prime minister wondered aloud about the family background of the rioters: "The sight of those young people looting laughing as they go," he said, "demonstrated a lack of proper parenting, upbringing, ethics and morals." He appointed Louise Casey to lead a new Troubled Families Unit. Her budget - £448m - is being shared between local authorities to help the 120,000 most troubled families in England. It works out at roughly £4,000 per family. It's being spent on an approach known as family intervention, where a single, dedicated worker is assigned to each family. To qualify for help under the programme a family must have a parent out of work, children absent from school and involved in anti social behaviour or crime, although councils have discretion to include families for other reasons, for example where parents are mentally ill. With family intervention, parents are offered practical help, advice and counselling but in return they must agree to take charge of their own children, imposing firm boundaries and crucially getting them out to school. And there are sanctions imposed if they refuse - usually the loss of a secure tenancy for anti-social behaviour, court action against parents with children not attending school or even care proceedings where there is serious neglect. For our documentary we were allowed to sit alongside Louise Casey as she visits family intervention projects across England. Although the model of intervention she advocates is widely accepted as best practice, the Troubled Families Initiative has been controversial from the start. The number of families to be helped was calculated using research about families in multiple deprivation, whereas the programme is primarily aiming to tackle anti-social behaviour and crime. Louise Casey has been accused of stigmatising poor families and blaming them for problems that are not really within their control. She prefers to concentrate on the work in hand: "My job isn't to have an academic debate about which ones I start with, I'm much more scared about getting the interventions right with those families." We have met and interviewed several families and their workers over the past year. All the parents had serious problems including heavy drinking, cannabis use and depression. One woman we met had 10 children aged between four and 18. She'd separated from her husband who was violent, and the family had lost almost everything they had in a fire. She was drinking and had been served with an eviction notice on her new home because of the behaviour of two of her boys aged 14 and 11. At one point, the family's rubbish was strewn around the garden. "They didn't start out on the street as horrible children, or the worst neighbours going, but they became that way," the mother told us. As the problems mounted up they became too much to bear and she had used alcohol to blot them out. Her family intervention worker pitched in to help sort out the rubbish into the proper recycling bins so that the council would take it away. "They make you their priority," the mother says. "They told me this is the last port of call, this is what you have got to do. A lot of reason we made it back is because of what we had before. I know my kids and that helped. They made me realise that I was using drink for the wrong reasons and it goes back to you as a person, it's finding you." For Louise Casey, family intervention is in marked contrast to a system where families are known to several different authorities - school, police, youth justice, social services - and are continually assessed rather than changed. "It is pulling families towards a sense of responsibility for their own destiny. It is one family, one plan, one worker and there is a deal here, you have some responsibility for that plan, it's not just imposed on you. "These people are in a bunker everyone is prodding them, judging them and assessing them, no one is jumping into that bunker with them and saying right, you don't like your back garden, let's start with that." The budget has been shared between areas using the 120,000 figure as a fraction of population and demography. Councils are in the process of identifying their most troubled families and laws have been changed to allow job centres to share data. The work is being expanded so rapidly that there will be 40,000 family interventions in England this year, compared with 11,000 in 2012. You can follow the Magazine on Twitter and on Facebook

2011 के दंगों के जवाब में, प्रधान मंत्री ने ब्रिटेन में हजारों परेशान परिवारों के जीवन को बदलने का वादा किया। उन्होंने कहा कि यह महंगा कार्यक्रम "रॉकेट बूस्टर" को मौजूदा हस्तक्षेपों के तहत लाएगा। विनीफ्रेड रॉबिन्सन के पास इस योजना तक विशेष पहुंच है।


Rs.29 million for CBK

Summary: Chief justice Sarath N Silva has expressed his disappointment in open courts as to how a large sum of money has been allocated from next year's budget for former President Chandrika Kumaratunge.

Rs.29 million has been allocated for President Kumaratunge front the budget for 2006. Chief Justice aired his views when he took up a petition filed by President Mahinda Rajapakse asking to verify the legality of the supplementary budget with relevance to the budget for 2006. Chief Justice Sarath N.Silva said he was surprised to see Rs.29 million is set a part to former president alone where as only Rs.29 million is allocated for the ten judges of the Supreme Court Chief Justice said he could not approve such a huge amount of money going out from the budget to a single person. Only six million rupees have been allocated for the former president D.B.Wijetunge, the chief justice added. "This is an unequal treatment", he said. The secret decision of the Supreme Court on the legality of the supplementary budget will be conveyed to the President Mahinda Rajapakse and the speaker of parliament.

मुख्य न्यायाधीश शरत एन सिल्वा ने खुली अदालतों में निराशा व्यक्त की है कि कैसे पूर्व राष्ट्रपति चंद्रिका कुमारतुंगे के लिए अगले साल के बजट से बड़ी राशि आवंटित की गई है।