Anthony Walker murder: What has changed in the decade since his death?

Summary: Ten years ago, Anthony Walker was chased from a Merseyside bus stop and bludgeoned to death with an ice axe by a pair of racist killers. But has the teenager's killing been a catalyst for change in the decade that has passed?

By Helen CarterBBC News Online Anthony, an 18-year-old student, was attacked in Huyton, Knowsley, and left to die from his injuries at a park entrance. It was murder that caused widespread revulsion. His killers Michael Barton, then 17, and his cousin Paul Taylor, then 20, are both serving life sentences for murder. Both men went on the run and Barton's brother, footballer Joey Barton, appealed for their return. Much work has been done since the killing to try to improve race relations in Merseyside - with a foundation set up in Anthony's name - and a special Sigma police unit to tackle hate crime. But what difference, if any, has been made? "He wanted to be a judge, he wanted to be an actor, he wanted to be a sports star," says Anthony's mother Gee, as she reflects on her son. "I'll never get to see what his children will be like. All I know is that I miss him and it should never have happened. "I didn't get to say goodbye. I didn't get to hold my son - it's not allowed, because you will contaminate evidence." Grief, she says, never goes away but you just "learn to live and cope". After the murder, racist graffiti was daubed in the park in Knowsley, which caused her further distress. But Mrs Walker says her other son was recently racially abused at a bus stop and "somebody stepped in". It gives her hope for the future: "Something's happening here. Somebody cares and we are challenging this behaviour." Race and crime in Merseyside Performance poet Levi Tafari points out that "institutionalised" racism is widespread in Liverpool. "Loads of Scousers have Irish and other foreign roots, but they're seen as being British because they are white," he says. He describes the city as a mixture of cultures, like the eponymous Scouse stew. "We have the oldest black community in the UK, we need to live together." Although social media and the internet have made the world smaller, he believes "some things have not advanced and are in the Middle Ages". 'Hate speech' Anthony's sister Dominique, who works for Merseyside Police's Sigma hate crime unit, believes the advance of social media in the past decade has actually given voice to the racists. "What I'm finding increasingly, you only have to turn on to Facebook, you have got Britain First, you have got the EDL and other pages rising up saying things and you have got hate speech," she says. But she says the only way for her to move forward since the loss of her brother has been to forgive his killers. "People think if you forgive you are soft, but you're tougher than anything. "I do it to help people like me and for me to be able to be empathetic towards people." Swastikas Dr Richard Benjamin, director of Liverpool's International Slavery Museum, believes agencies are more co-ordinated than they were in 2005. However, he says the museum is "consistently" a target of racists and graffiti is not uncommon, with swastikas and far-right stickers appearing outside the museum. Dr Benjamin believes it is society that makes people racist and sees the museum's role as being "to challenge and educate". He added: "People say Anthony Walker was in the wrong place at the wrong time. "But should we live in a society where you can't walk freely without getting an axe in your head because of your colour?" Dr Benjamin says he is "humbled" by the strength and dignity shown by the Walker family, a view that is echoed by Merseyside Police and Crime Commissioner Jane Kennedy. She says: "We owe a debt of gratitude to Gee Walker and her family for the steadfast and dignified way in which they have reminded us, not only of their loss but of the cruelty and senselessness of it." Mrs Kennedy believes the police response has improved but says "there is still more to do". She has pledged to continue working with the Anthony Walker Foundation and those "who want to protect and defend the vulnerable". And so, for some, including the Walker family themselves, there is comfort to be drawn from what has happened in Merseyside since Anthony's murder. Dominique Walker says she believes the generation below her "are a lot more aware and a lot more astute" than they were a decade ago. But she added: "It shouldn't take my brother to have been a sacrifice for us to talk about race - that's not fair. That's not fair."

दस साल पहले, एंथनी वॉकर का मर्सीसाइड बस स्टॉप से पीछा किया गया था और नस्लवादी हत्यारों की एक जोड़ी ने उन्हें बर्फ की कुल्हाड़ी से पीट-पीटकर मार डाला था। लेकिन क्या किशोर की हत्या पिछले दशक में बदलाव के लिए एक उत्प्रेरक रही है?


'Why I care for 52 children'

Summary: Rachel Gichia is an ordinary Kenyan wife and mother who has risen to an extraordinary challenge. In the past six years, she has opened her home - which she shares with her husband Stephen and their three children - to 49 orphaned youngsters.

Rachel and Stephen, who live in the Ngong Hills just outside Nairobi, are not rich - but the local community has rallied round. Thanks to donations from individuals and businesses, facilities at the home have improved - although feeding the children and paying school fees remains a constant struggle. But perhaps the biggest challenge of all is knowing when to turn away a child in need - something which Rachel finds very difficult, even though she knows there is a limit to how far her love can stretch. The Your World documentary - Dream Home - can be heard on the BBC World Service at 19:06 GMT on Saturday 3 March. Audio by Catherine Fellows. Photography by Kate Holt. Slideshow production by Paul Kerley. Publication date 3 March 2012. Related: BBC World Service - Your World BBC World Service - homepage Rachel Gichia - Dream Children's Home Kate Holt photography The BBC is not responsible for the content of external websites. More audio slideshows: undefined Sudan's love of cows undefined

राहेल गिचिया एक साधारण केन्याई पत्नी और माँ है जिसने एक असाधारण चुनौती का सामना किया है। पिछले छह वर्षों में, उसने अपना घर खोला है-जिसे वह अपने पति स्टीफन और उनके तीन बच्चों के साथ साझा करती है-49 अनाथ युवाओं के लिए।


The volunteers who kept Chennai afloat through the floods

Summary: On 2 December 2015, the south Indian city of Chennai (Madras) witnessed devastating floods, after receiving the heaviest rainfall it had witnessed in a century. As much as 272 mm of rain drenched the city in a 24-hour period.

The waters marooned large parts of the city for several days and rescue efforts were hampered by the lack of electricity and mobile connectivity, but the city's citizenry rose magnificently to the occasion in a massive volunteering effort. Some pitched in by coordinating with the government. Others helped through non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Journalists Karthik Subramanian and PM Naveen spoke to some of them a year after the experience. In pictures: Chennai flooding Why is India's Chennai flooded? Social media 'heroes' in Chennai floods Ashwin Chhabria, research analyst The 23-year-old joined the crisis management team of "Chennai Rain Relief", an umbrella organisation that was stitched together by several NGOs to help the government with rescue and relief work. He primarily helped connect rescue workers with stranded people by developing a code that used geo-tags to quickly connect rescue workers with victims. Mr Chhabria, who had no coding knowledge, says he received help from "techie" friends working in Singapore and Silicon Valley. The code helped rescue teams identify more than 1,500 persons in need of bare necessities like clothes and food. "The floods taught me lessons in humility. I did not know how to code. But by quickly asking for help, I was able to execute something that helped so many people. I found a way to be helpful to others. That was the biggest learning. That if you want to, you can help one way or the other," he said. Naveen Kumar Janarthanan, software consultant Inspired by a friend, Mr Janarthanan (28) made a Facebook post opening up his apartment to stranded people. He is a part of his company's corporate social responsibility wing called "Carestream" that collects used clothes, sorts them and packages it for re-use with orphanages and other social enterprises. While volunteering, he helped identify and deliver dry clothes to those stuck in flooded areas. He was also part of the team at "Chennai Rain Relief". "I am from a small town and came to Chennai in 2008 for my higher studies and career. I always felt Chennai was not a city that welcomes outsiders easily. But I changed my opinion during the floods. Everyone was helping everyone else. It was an unique experience. Now I feel like an insider," he told the BBC. Pradeep John, amateur weather blogger Mr John (35), who goes by the name "Tamil Nadu weatherman" regularly updated his Facebook page with weather predictions based on numerical models used by the scientific community Global Forecasting System and European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts. Some of his posts reached over 200,000 users. As he became the "go to" weather forecaster on social media, Mr John's updates began to be used by rescue teams. Since then, his social media following has grown from 5,000 followers in December 2015 to 135,000 followers, all who look to him for weather updates. "Until that time, I was just predicting rains. But people looking at my updates started asking me whether it would soon be safe to go home. They wanted to know when the rains would stop. I started feeling responsible for them. All weather watchers are lovers of rains. But that day I was just praying that the rains would stop," Mr John says of his experience. Sathyarupa Shekhar, Director, citizen consumer and Civic Action Group (CAG) Ms Shekhar partnered with an online store to design a relief kit containing essentials like dry food and blankets that were in high demand during the floods. She distributed around 1,000 of those kits to residents of slums in the northern Chennai as part of relief and rescue operations. She also assessed the effectiveness of relief efforts in slum areas. She said that the floods reinforced and revealed existing deprivations and inequities. "There are several structural problems that arose from past urban development interventions such as the lack of adequate land for the poor and insufficient affordable housing," she said. Peter Van Geit, Founder, The Chennai Trekking Club Peter Van Geit moved to India from Belgium in 1998 and is well known for organising treks and running environmental campaigns by asking his trekkers to double up as volunteers. During the floods, swollen rivers washed up several tonnes of plastic waste along the 20km (12 mile) coastline of the city. Mr Van Geit was instrumental in organising a spate of cleanup drives to clean it all up. He says that in his opinion, the floods "washed away all the selfishness and inhumanity". "Slum dwellers and rich folks were sitting next to each other, the rich were cooking food for the poor, the poor were going with boats rescuing the rich. True humanity came back according to me, where everyone was equal and everyone shared."

2 दिसंबर 2015 को, दक्षिण भारतीय शहर चेन्नई (मद्रास) में एक सदी की सबसे भारी बारिश के बाद विनाशकारी बाढ़ आई। 24 घंटे की अवधि में 272 मिमी बारिश ने शहर को भिगो दिया।


Stoke regeneration plans cut back

Summary: Plans to regenerate a town centre are being scaled back under proposals going before Stoke-on-Trent City Council.

The council bought the 10-acre former Spode Pottery works in Stoke town centre last year, as part of plans to transform the area. Proposals included a new pottery visitor attraction, convention centre, shops, restaurants and offices. The council said some of the plans, including the convention centre, "struggled in terms of viability". It said additional development could still take place in the future provided a bridge to link up the site over the A500 with other parts of the town centre could be built. The city renewal overview and scrutiny committee will consider the proposals on 26 October.

स्टोक-ऑन-ट्रेंट सिटी काउंसिल के समक्ष प्रस्तावों के तहत एक टाउन सेंटर को पुनर्जीवित करने की योजनाओं को कम किया जा रहा है।


Japan's (self) defence forces

Summary: The impassioned debate surrounding Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's desire to give Japan's defence forces a wider role obscures the fact that the country is already a significant military player. It has well-equipped air, sea and land forces with ambitious modernisation plans under way.

By Jonathan MarcusBBC defence correspondent The defeat of Japanese militarism in World War Two and the experience of suffering the world's only atomic bomb attacks left the country with a deep vein of pacifism. But Japan's strategic geography - proximity to both the then-Soviet Union and China - meant that it ultimately needed to deploy its own basic defence forces. Their role though was heavily circumscribed and Japan avoided all foreign military entanglements. Some 70 years later, the picture has changed dramatically. The Cold War may be over and the Soviet Union no more but now a rising China is driving security concerns in the region. Japan remains the United States' key ally in the region. And with the scale and reach of China's military growing significantly, Japan has been modernising its own forces. Chinese driver Its army of some 150,000 troops is small (but still larger than that of Britain, one of Nato's middle-ranking players whose forces stand at some 84,000). It has an impressive navy including a small helicopter carrier, two Aegis-equipped cruisers with sophisticated radars and battle management systems, and some 34 destroyers and nine frigates of various types. It also has some 80 anti-submarine warfare or maritime patrol aircraft. Given the potential threat from North Korea's missile arsenal, Japan has a growing interest in ballistic missile defence. The country hosts two highly sophisticated US radars to track such weapons. It currently has four destroyers capable of shooting down ballistic missiles along with land-based PAC-3 missile interceptors. More are planned. But above all it is China's widening security horizons that are driving Japan's military modernisation. This year, Japan's Maritime Self-Defence Force commissioned its largest vessel yet - a new helicopter carrier - the JS Izumo. This could potentially embark a number of V-22 Osprey vertical lift aircraft - and Japan is thought to be interested in buying up to 17 of them from the United States. More Aegis anti-missile warships are planned and brand new, Japanese-built maritime patrol aircraft are coming into service. Foreign exercises Over the years, Japan has also widened its sphere of international military activities. It's been a slow process with the country dipping its toes slowly into the field of foreign entanglements. But Japanese warships have participated in international anti-piracy operations off the Horn of Africa and Japanese maritime patrol aircraft have supported this mission from Djibouti. Japan has also slowly begun to take part in military exercises further from its shores. In July 2014, it participated for the third time in joint US-Indian naval manoeuvres and a small contingent of Japanese troops is currently involved in the joint US-Australian Talisman sabre exercise. So in many ways the sorts of reforms being pushed by Prime Minister Abe have already been under way - little by little - for many years. Nonetheless, making the changes explicit raises strong passions among the Japanese public, and any perceived revival of Japan as a military player prompts strong reactions from those who have suffered from its military expansionism in the past - notably China. What is collective self-defence? Japan's post-World War Two constitution bars it from using force to resolve conflicts except in cases of self-defence. Mr Abe's government has pushed for a change that would revise the laws such that Japan's military would be able to mobilise overseas when these three conditions are met: Some strategists might say that the military distinction between self-defence and a more expansive regional military role is redundant. In the maritime sector, defence must be forward - beginning far from a country's own shores. Japan's defence depends fundamentally upon its close alliance with the United States and thus it makes sense for Japan's armed forces to operate according to similar concepts and strategic parameters. This though is to overlook the huge weight of history in the region - a burden made even heavier by suspicions among some countries that Japan has not really fully come to terms with its aggressive past. Whatever the statements of some more conservative Japanese politicians, the anguished debate over the country's changing strategic posture would suggest that many ordinary Japanese are all too well aware of their history which makes Mr Abe's path a bumpy one to say the least.

प्रधान मंत्री शिंजो आबे की जापान के रक्षा बलों को एक व्यापक भूमिका देने की इच्छा के बारे में भावपूर्ण बहस इस तथ्य को अस्पष्ट करती है कि देश पहले से ही एक महत्वपूर्ण सैन्य खिलाड़ी है। इसके पास महत्वाकांक्षी आधुनिकीकरण योजनाओं के साथ अच्छी तरह से सुसज्जित वायु, समुद्र और भूमि बल हैं।


Could weaker pound cost the NHS?

Summary: At P3 Medical in Bristol they take cleanliness very seriously. At the entrance to one of the hospital equipment supplier's clean manufacturing rooms, a low barrier indicates the point beyond which I and my dirt and germs may not pass.

By Chris VallancePM, BBC Radio 4 There is an airlock system and busy staff put on special shoes, pale blue smocks and hats before scrubbing their hands and entering the factory floor. The air smells of chemicals and disinfectant. Later, in his office, managing director Simon Talbot tells me they make "widgets" for operating theatres: from barrier materials to protect against contamination, to a salmon pink wormy-looking device which helps patients with lung problems breathe under anaesthetic. As the pound has fallen, Simon has seen the cost of imported raw materials and finished goods increase. He says the increase is so great that he needs to pass some of those costs on to the NHS. Affordability fears Before the EU referendum, the chief executive of NHS England, Simon Stevens, told the BBC that because many imported drugs were priced in euros and dollars, a fall in the pound could make it "more difficult to get the treatments that we need at an affordable price". Months on, the pound has fallen. It is one of the principle reasons the Bank of England, this month, increased its inflation forecast for 2017. NHS England would not tell me whether Mr Stevens still believed his prediction. The NHS in Scotland thought that only a "small percentage" of contracts would be effected by currency movements. But drugs are only one, complex, area of NHS purchasing. Jonathan Edwards, a regional procurement manager who helps a group of seven acute NHS Trusts with their purchasing, points out there are many other goods sourced from overseas. "The examination gloves are from Malaysia, the sutures are maybe from Italy, the orthopaedic hips may be from Ireland," he says. Worst case scenario Paul Briddock, policy director of the Health Care Financial Management Association, the professional association for NHS financial staff, tells me he expects there to be a cost to the NHS caused by the increasing costs of imports and imported raw materials. He says that there will have to be "efficiencies one way or another", including savings in other areas or even scaling back on provision to cover the impact. But he would not put a number on the cost to the NHS. It is a complicated calculation. In the Health Service Journal in July, management consultant Chris Robson, who works with NHS trusts on purchasing, predicted the cost could be up to £900m. When we talk this month, he says things have not changed much, around a billion pounds per year, he says. But he is keen to stress that is a "worst case scenario" and highly dependent on long-term currency movements. He hopes the actual figure will not be anything near that and he says much can be done to avoid this cost; there are large savings and efficiencies to be made - but there might also be quite a lot of "running to stay still". Market power Indeed senior procurement figures I spoke to via their professional association were keen to point out to me that substantial savings had already been made in NHS procurement. They expected those savings to continue even with the pound falling. That was procurement manager Jonathan Edwards' view - but he also felt that the fall of the pound could reduce potential savings, particularly for low profit margin, high volume goods where there was strong competition. The NHS has many ways of limiting the effect. The prices of some products are subject to agreements that are only reviewed periodically - that is the case with branded or on-patent drugs. Other products will be subject to lengthy contracts with fixed prices. The NHS also has tremendous market power - if it will not budge on price, there may not be many other places where a supplier can sell. The Department of Health says it will "make sure suppliers keep to the prices set out in contracts". That passes the financial pain on to supply firms, even those based in the UK. At P3 Medical, Mr Talbot tells me he imports many of his raw materials, as well as some finished products. He says their increasing costs has consumed a "fairly big chunk" of the company's income. If the NHS does not allow him to reflect this in his prices, he may have to reluctantly reconsider accepting some health service business. His trade body, the Association of British Healthcare Industries, of which he is a board member, says his experience is shared by many other firms. Export opportunity Of course, the falling pound is an opportunity to export. He hopes to grow that business, but it will take time and in the meantime he would like some flexibility in pricing to tide him over. It was a similar story from the British Generic Manufacturers Association, which represents UK producers of off-patent drugs. Director Warwick Smith told the BBC in a statement that some suppliers in the hospital market may have "no alternative but to seek to extricate themselves from those contracts where it has become uneconomic to supply". The Department of Health said: "Currency rates constantly fluctuate, and this is one of many commercial risks we would expect suppliers to manage." Their response suggested little tolerance for price increase and the BBC understands the view in the department is that the NHS was not offered discounts when the currency moved in suppliers' favour.

ब्रिस्टल में पी3 मेडिकल में वे सफाई को बहुत गंभीरता से लेते हैं। अस्पताल के उपकरण आपूर्तिकर्ता के स्वच्छ निर्माण कक्षों में से एक के प्रवेश द्वार पर, एक कम अवरोध इंगित करता है कि मैं और मेरे मैल और कीटाणु किस बिंदु से आगे नहीं जा सकते हैं।


Murder arrest after man found dead at Hammersmith flat

Summary: A man has been arrested on suspicion of murder after a fatal stabbing at a west London flat.

A man, aged in his 30s, was found injured at a flat off Fulham Palace Road near the junction with Hammersmith Square at about 19:50 BST on Tuesday. He died at the scene. A post-mortem examination to establish the cause of his death is being arranged, police said. A 30-year-old man was taken into police custody for questioning.

पश्चिमी लंदन के एक फ्लैट में चाकू मारकर हत्या करने के संदेह में एक व्यक्ति को गिरफ्तार किया गया है।


Tomorrow's buildings: Is world's greenest office smart?

Summary: The Edge office building in Amsterdam prides itself on good coffee, lots of natural light - no desk is far from a window - and a gym that allows you not just to get fit but also to contribute to the energy supply of the office.

By Jane WakefieldTechnology reporter It also flushes its toilets with rainwater, has a robot security guard that will challenge you if you wander around at night and a whole range of clever technology to make the building sustainable. The developers behind it, Dutch firm OVG, liked it so much that they moved in when it was finished. So is the office that has already been dubbed the world's greenest, really as smart as it seems? The building, whose main tenant is consultancy firm Deloitte and was designed by London-based architects PLP Architecture, boasts "smart" ceilings embedded with 28,000 sensors, which measure temperature, light, motion and humidity. The lighting, designed by Phillips, is also smart - each one of the LED panels is ultra-efficient and requires only a tiny amount of electricity. Workers can control the temperature, lighting and blinds via a series of apps on their smartphones and work is ongoing to unify them. Read more about how technology is changing our workplaces: Users select the temperature they want from a sliding gauge on their phone and it will in turn adjust the valves in the pipes above their head. Each valve controls the temperature of around four desks so they do have to hope that the colleague sitting next to them is also happy with the change. Facilities manager Wybe Van der Mey tells me, with some degree of pride, that in the first year of opening he only received a handful of complaints about the heating. "In a traditional building that would be our headache number one," he said. Workers can also use one of the apps to book meeting rooms, open lockers and check in to their desks. When The Edge first opened its doors in September 2014, around 20% of the workers checked themselves in via the app. That quickly fell to 10% and is now at around 1%, according to Mr Van der Mey. "We hoped everyone would check in to their desks daily but they haven't done that." Each floor of Deloitte's office is laid out exactly the same, making it the ultimate hot-desking environment. It should in theory mean the firm can allocate desks - if people used the app. "The dream of a facilities manager is to tell people where to go based on available space. Technically it is possible, but behaviourally it is not. People want to go to the same place every day and sit with their peers." Neither is the app-based system to book meeting rooms running entirely smoothly. Many don't use it, leading to double-booked rooms, while others book rooms that they never intend to use because it gains them an extra parking space. It is unclear how many use the stickers with QR codes which adorn all the meeting rooms, allowing users to connect to everything inside the room via their smartphone - including powering up the 4K screens to show their own presentations, controlling the lighting and heating and even lowering the blinds to stop their audience from daydreaming out of the window. There is no doubting The Edge's green credentials however. In December 2014 it received the highest ever BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology) which has become the de facto test for sustainability in buildings. It got an outstanding rating with the highest-ever score of 98.36%, making it a star pupil in a business world that is increasingly being pushed to go green. It means that Mr Van der Mey has become used to a new job role - as tour guide. He has hosted architects, developers and news outlets and rejected a request from the Amsterdam tourist board to show a group of Chinese tourists around the building. They come to see a range of features, including an innovative approach to solar power. When it became clear to developer OVG that covering the roof with solar panels was not going to be enough to provide 100% of The Edge's electricity it turned to its neighbours - the VU University of Amsterdam and the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences - to install a further 4,100 sq m (44,100 sq ft) of solar panels on their rooftops in return for the free use of any spare electricity. The slanted atrium also has a job to do - draining off rainwater to be collected in troughs and reused for cleaning and flushing the toilets. The building is doing its bit to encourage its workers to go greener. There is a huge space for bikes and a whole wall dedicated to electric car charging points in the underground car park. The building is heated and cooled via an aquifer thermal energy storage system. Hot water is stored in wells in the ground during summer to help heat the building in winter and cold water in the same way in the winter to cool the building in the warmer months. There are no radiators in the building - all the heating is provided by cables that run through the ceilings. One carries data and the other water to provide an ambient temperature across the whole structure. Both Deloitte, the building's main tenant, and OVG, the developer, are open about the fact that The Edge is an experimental project and that not everything has worked. One of its biggest challenges is making sense of the mountains of data generated by the sensors. Maintaining the smartness of The Edge has, Mr Van der Mey jokes, turned his hair grey. "It is challenging to cope with all the data and we are still learning how to read it," he told the BBC. For the moment the answer lies in data dashboards, which both the facilities teams and workers can access. It displays a variety of real-time data points - including the number of workers in the building at any given time, how many visitors, energy consumption and temperature. It also has some more fun data sets, such as a pie-chart showing how much coffee, and what type, is being consumed in the building at any given time. It became apparent from the data that lattes and cappuccinos were by far the most popular choice, meaning milk was frequently running out so Deloitte asked the manufacturer to make a new bespoke model with a larger compartment for milk - a real world example of how access to data can improve working lives. Every coffee machine is also connected to the internet, meaning facilities staff can see which ones are getting low and refill them before someone finds it empty. The towel rails in the bathrooms are similarly connected. The hours that cleaners work have also been changed as a result of the data and Mr Van der Mey is keen for this to happen more often. "We want to predict how things will happen in the building - that will be the really smart thing," he said. Read more about how our built environment is being influenced by technology here.

एम्स्टर्डम में एज ऑफिस की इमारत अच्छी कॉफी पर गर्व करती है, बहुत सारी प्राकृतिक रोशनी-कोई डेस्क खिड़की से दूर नहीं है-और एक जिम जो आपको न केवल फिट होने देता है बल्कि कार्यालय की ऊर्जा आपूर्ति में भी योगदान देता है।


House prices continue to rise in Guernsey

Summary: The average price of a local market Guernsey house has increased year on year, according to the latest figures.

The price of the median average local market property from July to September was £375,250, a rise of 8.9% on a year earlier. There were 250 sales, up 10% on the same period in 2009. Fifteen open market properties, habitable by those without the right to live in the island, were sold with a median average price of £1.2m.

नवीनतम आंकड़ों के अनुसार, स्थानीय बाजार ग्वेर्नसे के घर की औसत कीमत में साल दर साल वृद्धि हुई है।


Israel and the Palestinians: Can the settlement issue be solved?

Summary: The issue of Jewish settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem has long been a major source of dispute between Israel and the Palestinians, and most of the international community. The Trump administration has now, however, stated that settlements are not inconsistent with international law.

Here is a brief guide to what it is all about. What are settlements? Settlements are communities established by Israel on land occupied in the 1967 Middle East war. This includes the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights. The West Bank and East Jerusalem had previously been occupied by Jordan since the 1948-49 Arab-Israeli War. According to the Israeli settlement watchdog Peace Now, there are 132 settlements and 113 outposts - settlements built without official authorisation - in the West Bank. The group says more than 413,000 settlers live there, with numbers increasing year on year. It says there are 13 settlements in East Jerusalem, inhabited by about 215,000 settlers. Israel also established settlements in the Gaza Strip, seized from Egypt in the 1967 war, but it dismantled them when it withdrew from the territory in 2005. It also built settlements in the Sinai Peninsula, seized too from Egypt in 1967, but removed them in 1982 as part of a peace agreement with Cairo. There are also dozens of settlements on the occupied Golan Heights, captured from Syria in the 1967 war. Built-up settlement areas occupy about 2% of the West Bank but critics point out that the land controlled by settlement activity, such as agriculture and roads, amounts to much more than that and requires a heavy military presence. Settlers themselves choose to live in these communities for a range of reasons - from economic, encouraged by government subsidies, to religious, based on the belief that God gave the land to the Jewish people. Why are settlements so contentious? What happens with settlements has proven to be one of the most intractable issues between Israel and the Palestinians, and rows about them have caused the collapse of numerous rounds of peace talks. Palestinians say the presence of settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem - land they seek for a future state - make such a state with contiguous territory impossible. They have demanded Israel freeze all settlement activity as a precondition for resuming peace talks. Palestinians' freedom of movement is also restricted by hundreds of checkpoints, roadblocks and other obstacles used to protect both settlements and Israel from militants. Israel says the Palestinians are using the issue of settlements as a pretext to avoid direct talks. Under the 1993 Israel-Palestinian Oslo peace accords, the issue of settlements was to be deferred until final status talks - a reason why Israel objects to pre-conditions and UN resolutions on the matter. What has changed under Donald Trump? In two words - a lot. From the beginning of his presidency in January 2017, Donald Trump has displayed a much more tolerant attitude towards settlement activity than his predecessor, Barack Obama. Up until Mr Trump took office, the US had described the settlements as "illegitimate", refraining from calling them "illegal" since the Carter administration in 1980. A UN Security Council resolution in December 2016 said settlements had "no legal validity and constitute[d] a flagrant violation under international law". However, like previous resolutions on Israel, those adopted under Chapter VI of the UN Charter are not legally binding. On 18 November 2019, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the Trump administration was reversing the stance of the previous administration. "The establishment of Israeli civilian settlements is not, per se, inconsistent with international law," Mr Pompeo said. The Trump administration has also overturned decades of US policy by recognising Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights - to the outrage of Palestinians - making the future of Jewish settlements there much more secure. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has also gone further than ever before by declaring his intention to effectively annex all Jewish settlements in the West Bank, as well as the Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea in the eastern West Bank, without fear of rebuke by the US. According to media reports, the plan is consistent with Mr Trump's vision for an Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement, expected to be released in the near future. The Palestinians have warned that if Israel extends sovereignty to the settlements, it will kill the peace process. What makes Jerusalem a special case? Even if agreement could be reached on settlements in the West Bank, the issue of settlements in East Jerusalem is even more thorny. Israel regards East Jerusalem as its eternal, indivisible capital and does not consider the sector in any way occupied - and by extension, it does not regard Jewish neighbourhoods there as settlements. Israel officially extended sovereignty over East Jerusalem in 1980, in a move not accepted internationally until Washington broke rank and recognised the whole of Jerusalem as Israel's capital in 2017. Only Guatemala and Honduras have followed suit (Paraguay did, but reversed its decision). So is a deal on settlements impossible? It looks increasingly likely. For years, Israel said it was prepared to make "painful concessions" for peace - code for withdrawal from occupied territory and an accompanying removal of some smaller settlements. It previously demolished settlements in Sinai and Gaza, and four small sites in the West Bank in 2005, during pull-outs. While Israel and the Palestinians agreed to decide upon the fate of existing settlements, and Jerusalem, in the final stage of peace talks, the chances of reaching that point seem further away than ever. Mr Netanyahu has crystallised his position, vowing never to dismantle settlements - and if he follows through with his plan to annex them, it will effectively take the issue off the table as far as Israel is concerned. Are settlements illegal under international law? Most of the international community, including the UN and the International Court of Justice, say the settlements are illegal. The basis for this is the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention which forbids the transfer by an occupying power of its people to occupied territory. However, Israel says the Fourth Geneva Convention does not apply de jure to the West Bank because, it says, the territory is not technically occupied. Israel says it is legally there as a result of a defensive war, and did not take control of the West Bank from a legitimate sovereign power. It says the legal right of Jewish settlement there as recognised by the 1922 League of Nations Mandate for Palestine was preserved under the UN's charter.

वेस्ट बैंक और पूर्वी येरुशलम में यहूदी बस्तियों का मुद्दा लंबे समय से इज़राइल और फिलिस्तीनियों और अधिकांश अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समुदाय के बीच विवाद का एक प्रमुख स्रोत रहा है। हालाँकि, ट्रम्प प्रशासन ने अब कहा है कि बस्तियाँ अंतर्राष्ट्रीय कानून के साथ असंगत नहीं हैं।


Moray Council coalition deal struck between Conservatives and independents

Summary: A deal to form a coalition to run Moray Council has been struck.

The Conservative group of eight councillors is to join forces with six of the independent members. The proposal will be put to a full council meeting of the council on Wednesday. Nine SNP councillors were elected in Moray at the recent local elections.

मोरे परिषद को चलाने के लिए गठबंधन बनाने के लिए एक समझौता किया गया है।


When the Queen was snapped 'giggling' at Prince Philip

Summary: Through his many years of service the Duke of Edinburgh attended thousands of official events with the Queen. Mostly they would work smoothly beside each other. But on one occasion, a swarm of bees derailed the normal efficient-running of events.

By Phil CoomesPicture editor Photographer Chris Young, working for the Press Association at the time, was there to witness the moment and capture it on camera. Young was the only photographer at the event, a review of the Grenadier Guards' elite Queen's Company regiment at Windsor Castle in 2003. He had moved away from the spot he had been allocated, to a better vantage point, and waited with guests until the Queen emerged. As colonel of the regiment, the duke was standing in full uniform, as he prepared to accompany Her Majesty. It was at this point Young became aware of a swarm of bees. "I got lucky," says Young, recalling the event 18 years later. "I recognised that it was a human moment. She was giggling like a little girl and he was laughing too." "I thought the reaction from both of them was pretty unique. "Some of the guests were unsure as to whether they should move, but eventually everyone had to beat a retreat." A royal beekeeper was swiftly summoned to sort things out. While Young was delighted to catch the royal couple off-guard, he was keenly aware of the responsibility as well. As a so-called pool photographer, whose pictures would be syndicated, Young was the only journalist present with a camera. "It can be nerve wracking... if you mess it up no one gets a picture of the event." Young filed the photographs to the picture desk where he worked and was about to board a train back to London when his editor called to say there had been a lot of interest. Could he send any other images he had taken? So Young retreated to a nearby cafe to transmit more pictures of the moment the royal couple were surprised by a swarm of bees. The main picture made the front pages of a number of newspapers the following day. It was a rare, candid exchange of glances between the couple in public.

अपनी कई वर्षों की सेवा के दौरान ड्यूक ऑफ एडिनबर्ग ने महारानी के साथ हजारों आधिकारिक कार्यक्रमों में भाग लिया। ज्यादातर वे एक-दूसरे के साथ सुचारू रूप से काम करते थे। लेकिन एक अवसर पर, मधुमक्खियों के झुंड ने घटनाओं के सामान्य कुशल संचालन को पटरी से उतार दिया।


Cardiff ‘modern slavery' victim ‘emotionally broken’

Summary: Michael Hughes moved to Wales in 1988 in search of a better life. Instead he found himself "bought", confined to a garden shed and forced into hard labour for a staggering two decades as a modern slave.

A jury has now found he fell prey to members of the Connors family in south Wales, who regularly beat him and "hunted" him down when he escaped. But what toll do years of such ill-treatment take on a victim? BBC Wales spoke to Gwent Police to find out. "It was quite horrific what he had to go through," said Ch Supt Paul Griffiths. "The victim suffered considerably through some of the intimidation, threats and violence - but he was emotionally broken and that's what gave the criminals the controlling factor over him." In 2013, the force launched Operation Imperial - an investigation into "modern slavery" and trafficking offences within the travelling community between Newport and Cardiff. Ultimately, that led to the conviction of Patrick Joseph Connors, 59, and his relatives, Patrick Dean Connors, 39, and William Connors, 36 - all of Rumney - of requiring another person to perform forced or compulsory labour, on Tuesday. Patrick Joseph Connors' son-in-law Lee Carbis, 34, of Trowbridge, was cleared of forced labour but found guilty of kidnap. The four were jailed for between two-and-a-half and 14 years. Mr Hughes lived in "appalling conditions" in a shed, a garage and a tin hut, with no access to heating or water, Cardiff Crown Court heard during the trial. "It's incredible," said Ch Supt Griffiths. "They [the criminals] just use the victims as commodities. Their sole purpose is to make money. "They have got total disregard for humanity." Mr Hughes was made to graft for Patrick Joseph Connors' tarmacking and building firm, working punishing hours in return for less than £10 a day or for just tobacco and alcohol. But how are victims like him lured into a life of ruthlessly-enforced servitude? "They are extremely cunning - the criminals, in terms of trying to locate the areas where these people [potential victims] congregate," Ch Supt Griffiths explained. "What we found is that criminals from the travelling community hone in on trying to identify these individuals and draw them into an environment in which they actually find themselves trapped. "[This victim] was in need of work and found himself in a situation where he was offered food, accommodation and work for payment. "That started a journey with the criminals, which was quite ruinous to his life." Aberdeen-born Mr Hughes, who was taken into care as a toddler, moved to Wales more than a quarter of a century ago in search of a fresh start. But after a brief stint doing building work, his services were acquired by a family in the Marshfield area before he was "bought" by the Connors, Cardiff Crown Court heard. He was made to live in a 1.2m (4ft)-wide garden shed with no heating or running water for two years. Ordered to work long hours - even when he had a broken leg - he would suffer frequent beatings. The only respite came when Mr Hughes was sent back to Scotland for unpaid fines and jailed. He said prison was "like a holiday camp" compared to his ordeal in Wales. 'It was horrible' The case involving victim Darrell Simester, now 45, lifted the lid on modern slavery in Wales. Mr Simester was made to work for up to 16 hours a day at Cariad Farm in Peterstone, near Newport, for 13 years. His family, from Kidderminster, Worcestershire, believed he had gone missing after a trip to the seaside in Porthcawl, Bridgend, in 2000. In fact, he had fallen victim to David Daniel Doran, who was jailed for four-and-a-half years in October 2014 for making Mr Simester perform forced or compulsory labour. Mr Simester told the Wales Today programme last week: "It was terrible. It was just a mess, really... and horrible." He said he had been "just too scared" to escape those who had forced him to work. However, he had this advice for anyone who found themselves propositioned: "If someone stops you on the road and asks you to work for them, just say no, you're not interested and just walk off." His mother Jean, 65, said he was now "improving a lot" , having rebuilt his life after the ordeal. She said: "We want more of these people sent to court and sent down for what they are doing to innocent people. We have got to get awareness of slavery in this day and age. "It is there, people are being held against their will and being worked for little or nothing". On his release from custody, Mr Hughes was forced to return to south Wales by Patrick Joseph Connors. He made several escape attempts and it was only after watching a TV news report about forced labour that Mr Hughes finally broke free. He was then traced by Gwent Police in December 2013. After his arrest, Connors senior insisted he had dealt fairly with both victims, saying he had treated Mr Hughes "like a member of the family". But jurors did not believe his story and convicted him. The gang was also convicted of some kidnap and assault charges relating to a second, unnamed man. After the verdicts, Mr Hughes said he was "over the moon" and "happy" to have his life back. "With the help and support of my family, I am now re-building my life. I am getting out and about and meeting new people. I also have a job, which is helping me make new friendships," he said. Ch Supt Griffiths said much of modern-slavery offences rested on the targeting of "vulnerable" people. "That vulnerability is sometimes seen through addictions, through drink or drugs, through mental health issues, social exclusion, homelessness or just that general need in life." Some people may even be unaware they have been victimised - with the number of those swallowed by the trade still unknown. Academics suggest there are 10,000 to 13,000 victims of modern slavery in the UK, with police figures showing an increase in the number of victims. "There are clearly more victims," said Ch Supt Griffiths. "We identify individuals who we try and trace to check on their welfare and safeguarding. "There have been people we have sadly been unable to locate and it's certainly something we're considering beyond this court case. "What we say to the victims is what they are experiencing is a horrific crime. "We care and we are there to try and support them in escaping this kind of environment. Please pick up the phone and contact us." The verdicts

माइकल ह्यूजेस 1988 में एक बेहतर जीवन की तलाश में वेल्स चले गए। इसके बजाय उन्होंने खुद को "खरीदा" पाया, एक बगीचे के शेड में सीमित कर दिया और एक आधुनिक दास के रूप में दो दशकों तक कठिन श्रम करने के लिए मजबूर कर दिया।


Northamptonshire: History spotlight on drive-through county

Summary: An English county more often driven through than stopped in by tourists hopes to attract more people to its hidden gems.

Northamptonshire is bisected by the M1 north-south and the A14 east-west with the Midland Mainline going through it, but it is also home to key sites in the history of England. The county council wants to set up the Northamptonshire Heritage Trust to champion the area. It will be discussed on Wednesday. Heather Smith, the leader of Northamptonshire County Council, said: "A lot of people don't know Northamptonshire. It is a place they drive through. "We want to put a spotlight on the county with this over-arching trust. It has hidden gems to be discovered."

पर्यटकों द्वारा रोके जाने की तुलना में एक अंग्रेजी काउंटी अक्सर अपने छिपे हुए रत्नों की ओर अधिक लोगों को आकर्षित करने की उम्मीद करता है।


Tit-for-tat trade

Summary: Scotch whisky has been harshly caught in the cross-fire of two disputes between the EU and USA, one about steel, the other about airliners. When the EU targeted bourbon, Scotch looked vulnerable to retaliation. A rough reckoning of the cost could be a £66m drop in exports and £70m added cost in tariffs. But Scotch could prove resilient, if its American drinkers are willing to absorb higher prices, or if they switch to premium brands of blended Scotch. However, this trade war isn't over, and blends being exported to the US, worth twice as much as single malts last year, could become the next victim.

Douglas FraserBusiness/economy editor, Scotland Why pick Scotch? Isn't Donald Trump half Scottish, with a love for its golf courses, or at least the ones that belong to him? The selection of premium end whisky from the president's late mother's homeland as retaliation for UK subsidies to Airbus may not have registered as one of the details crossing the Oval Office desk. But it came as no surprise to the Scotch whisky industry. It saw the risk that came with the European Commission's choice, in 2017, of American whiskey in its retaliation in another trade dispute. That one was about steel, with President Trump putting up trade barriers against Chinese imports of subsidised steel, and doing a lot of damage to trading relations with others by imposing import levies on them as well. The European Commission chose iconic American products with which to retaliate, including tariffs on Harley Davidson motorbikes and 25% on imported bourbon. In a game of tit-for-tat, which is a feature of such trade wars, Scotch looked vulnerable. Absorbing cost So how much will it suffer? A back of the envelope calculation suggests the fall in exports of Scotch to the US might come to around £66m. That would leave sales of £270m, on which tariffs will be levied, bringing £68m into the American Treasury. Who pays that? Some will likely be absorbed by the importer. In some cases of large multinational drinks companies, the exporter and importer is one and the same. But over time, you can expect the American drinker of Scotch whisky to pick up that tab. In the end, the customer pays. This calculation is based on some bold assumptions, but the Scotch Whisky Association has noted the effect of the European Union imposing that 25% tariff on the import of American whiskey. EU imports of US whiskey were down around 20%. Karen Betts, chief executive of the SWA, reckons that is a benchmark for the likely impact on Scotch single malts. So from around £330m of single malt sales last year - 33% of the total for Scotch whisky, including blends - you would see a 20% drop, to around £270m, on which the 25% is then levied. Canny traders However, there are some factors that could get to a different result. Scotch whisky may have a less elastic demand, particularly among the more affluent drinkers of single malt. In other words, demand may not be that closely related to price. In some circumstances, albeit rare, whisky enthusiasts could even be persuaded that the higher price is a signal that the brand carries a higher value and status. There's also the question of how much whisky has already been stockpiled, thus avoiding any tariff - at least, while stocks last. It's currently being imported into the US without any tariff, and that's the way it's been since 1994. Canny traders will have noted that whisky was on the list of possible targets linked to the Airbus dispute, published in July by the US Trade Representative, and they could have bet on getting stocks in ahead of the September ruling. But canny exporters will also have been busy stockpiling in other countries where Scotch exports could be hit by Brexit. That is partly to avoid any congestion at trading ports, but also some potential tariffs. Without a deal, there was a risk that Scotch would lose out on the tariff-free arrangements hammered out by the European Commission with South Korea, Vietnam, Colombia and Morocco. Reverting to WTO rules on trade would have brought tariffs back into effect on exports to those countries. However, the whisky industry sounds reassured that the UK government has signed deals to roll over the existing European Union free trade arrangements, temporarily, with almost all those governments involved. Only Morocco has yet to be concluded, and that is expected before long. Ammunition Yet another factor: substitutability. Will American drinkers of Scotch readily shift to alternatives from the Republic of Ireland, Canada, Japan or their own home-distilled liquor? Maybe so, but the targeting of single malt means there is an opportunity for the larger distillers to shift their marketing on to Scotch blends. Thus, Diageo could push the more premium colours of Johnnie Walker label, and Pernod Ricard has an opportunity with Chivas Regal. However, they should be careful. The split of single malts from blends, in the choice made by the US trade authority, was not expected by the distilling industry in Scotland. And by not including blends in retaliation for the Airbus-Boeing dispute, the Americans have kept some ammunition in reserve for any escalation of the trade war. There's another £670m-worth of whisky blend exports, on the basis of last year's trading figures, that could still be hit with tariffs. This trade war is far from over. The European Commission awaits a WTO ruling on its complaints about subsidy to Boeing. That is likely in the middle of next year. It suggests to the US that being allowed to retaliate by the WTO doesn't mean that Washington has to do so, because it must be aware that an equal and opposite response is likely. It's easy, in such trade wars, to ratchet them up. It's much more difficult to negotiate them down - least of all for UK trade negotiators, who have no experience and a lot to do, in a hurry, after Brexit.

स्कॉच व्हिस्की यूरोपीय संघ और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका के बीच दो विवादों, एक इस्पात के बारे में और दूसरा विमानों के बारे में, के बीच टकराव में कठोरता से फंसी हुई है। जब यूरोपीय संघ ने बोर्बन को निशाना बनाया, तो स्कॉच जवाबी कार्रवाई के लिए असुरक्षित लग रहा था। लागत की एक मोटी गणना निर्यात में 66 मिलियन पाउंड की गिरावट और शुल्क में 70 मिलियन पाउंड की अतिरिक्त लागत हो सकती है। लेकिन स्कॉच लचीला साबित हो सकता है, अगर इसके अमेरिकी पीने वाले उच्च कीमतों को अवशोषित करने के लिए तैयार हैं, या यदि वे मिश्रित स्कॉच के प्रीमियम ब्रांडों पर स्विच करते हैं। हालाँकि, यह व्यापार युद्ध समाप्त नहीं हुआ है, और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका को निर्यात किए जा रहे मिश्रण, जो पिछले साल एकल माल्ट से दोगुने मूल्य के हैं, अगले शिकार बन सकते हैं।


Norfolk child sex abuse case 'beyond imagination'

Summary: They were seemingly respectable people living ordinary lives.

But over a period of 10 years, Marie Black, Michael Rogers and Jason Adams treated children "like sexual playthings", at parties, in a hotel room, and at private addresses. The abuse, which centred around 34-year-old Black and took place in Norwich and Romford, included forcing the children to have sex with one another. Parties were held, with the adults playing card games to decide who would abuse which child. In interviews, the victims described how they were abused in front of one another and other adults. Some of the abuse involved children's toys, including Barbie dolls. They said the abuse became so routine that the victims came to accept it as normal. 'Beyond imagination' One of the male victims said: "There would be parties and they would do some games where the boys were in one room with the men and the girls were in another with the women. "The adults would have a card game and the winner would get to choose a boy to start touching their private parts and then hurt them afterwards." One boy told the authorities he didn't know that sexual contact between adults and children was wrong. "I thought it was usual". Allegations were first reported to police in 2010 but it was in December 2012, when further evidence was disclosed, that police had sufficient evidence to make the initial arrests in 2013. Several victims described watching Black and Jason Adams - found guilty of 13 counts - taking photos and laughing. Adams, a former cleaner at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, had previously gone to jail for a year for assaulting Ms Black and a child. He admitted cruelty to four children, but denied all the sexual offences. He was found guilty of 13 counts. "I neglected the children. I ill-treated them. I completely acted in the wrong way, frightened them," he told the court. He blamed his actions on working nights, tiredness and temper. 'Most harrowing' Michael Rodgers, of Romford, was found guilty of 14 counts including cruelty, rape and inciting a child to engage in sexual activity. Six other people on trial were cleared of all charges. Det Ch Insp Peter Hornby, said the children were all under 13 and were subjected to abuse "beyond most people's imagination". "It is the most harrowing case I have dealt with in 23 years of policing. "Marie Black has been found to be at the centre of this abuse and incited others to commit abuse against them. "She thought they would never speak out. "Today's verdict is testament to the children's bravery and to the hard work of dedicated professionals from a range of agencies in this case. "It has brought them the knowledge they are believed and, I hope, will encourage other victims of abuse to find their voice and come forward." 'Normal and respectable' Describing Black, prosecutor Angela Rafferty QC said: "Was she a helpless victim of abusive males or was she herself deeply involved with the children's ill treatment?" She added: "Many of the defendants have become good at appearing normal and respectable. "This is what you would have to do in order to be child abusers to the extent alleged here." Black was painted as a victim by her defence, who maintained she only ended up in court because of a terrible combination of circumstances. She chose not to give evidence in her own defence, but vehemently denied all the charges against her. When returning to the dock after the guilty verdicts were read out she said: "We've been stitched up." The court heard the trial was delayed when prosecutors raised concerns over changes made to statements taken from the children. But Ms Rafferty said it was "nonsense" that social workers and foster carers were responsible for children making up allegations. She put it: "Would five small children be able to make up so many things, separately, and in such detail? "Would they be able to pretend to be distressed or manufacture reluctance to disclose facts about the things they endured?" "Would they exhibit the sexualised behaviour… if these allegations are false?"

वे सामान्य जीवन जीने वाले सम्मानित लोग प्रतीत होते थे।


Profile: Dominic Ongwen of Uganda's LRA

Summary: Known as the White Ant, Dominic Ongwen was a 10-year-old boy walking to school in northern Uganda when he was abducted by the Lord's Resistance Army rebel movement (LRA) and turned into one of its most ruthless commanders, according to campaign group LRA Crisis Tracker.

By Farouk ChothiaBBC News "It is a story of a child, like many in the LRA, forced to grow up in the image of their oppressors," it says. After his abduction in 1990, Mr Ongwen - whose surname means "born at the time of the white ant" - rose rapidly in rebel ranks, becoming a major at the age of 18 and a brigadier by his late 20s after winning the confidence of LRA leader Joseph Kony, LRA Crisis Tracker adds. Claiming to fight for a biblical state, the LRA has killed more than 100,000 people and kidnapped more than 60,000 children during the three decade-long conflict which has spread to several of Uganda's neighbours. 'Daring missions' The Enough Project, another campaign group, says that on Mr Kony's orders, Mr Ongwen executed the LRA's military offensives in 2002 and 2003 in several districts in northern Uganda. "[He] earned the reputation of being able to emerge from the bloodiest of battles with few casualties among his fighters," it says. But Mr Ongwen also had a volatile relationship with Mr Kony, opposing the execution of deputy LRA chief Vincent Otti in 2007 after the two fell out. "LRA defectors report that Ongwen was the only commander who pleaded with Kony to spare Otti's life, a move that weakened his influence within the LRA," says LRA Crisis Tracker. "However, Kony spared Ongwen from the subsequent purge of Otti loyalists due to Ongwen's value to the LRA, particularly his ability to lead troops on daring missions." Dominic Ongwen at a glance: With his trademark dreadlocks and boyish looks, he became the youngest person to be indicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2005 on three counts of crimes against humanity and four counts of war crimes, including enslavement, murder and pillaging. 'Abused' For some - including his "bush wife", Florence Ayot - this was an injustice. "Dominic used to tell us he was abducted when he was very young. Everything he did was in the name of Kony, so he's innocent," she told the BBC in 2008. Granted amnesty after escaping from the LRA in 2005, she had been abducted as a nine-year-old and first became the "wife" of LRA commander Obwong Kijura. "He abused and used me as a sex slave for all the four to five years I was with him. He impregnated me. Unfortunately my child died after I gave birth. After Kijura was killed in a fierce battle with Ugandan soldiers in 1993, I was transferred to Dominic as his second wife," Ms Ayot told Irin news agency in 2012. However, she says little changed with Mr Ongwen: "The suffering continued. A year later, I gave birth to his son, whom he named Lagony, meaning 'back to God'. I produced another three children with him while still in the bush, two girls and one boy." 'Captured by Seleka rebels' In 2013, the US - which had joined the hunt for LRA commanders - offered a $5m (£3.3m) reward for information leading to Mr Ongwen's capture. "Ongwen is a major general and senior commander of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), which has committed numerous atrocities against civilians across Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic (CAR), and South Sudan," the US State Department said. With reports of his killing in 2007 proving to be untrue, Mr Ongwen remained on the run before being reportedly captured on 5 January this year by the Seleka rebel group in CAR near the eastern town of Obo. He was then handed over to the US forces working with African Union troops in the region, before being transferred to the ICC. The US has described his arrest as a "historic blow" to the LRA, leaving only two of the commanders on the ICC's wanted list - Joseph Kony and Okot Odhiambo - still at large. "Dominic Ongwen now needs to be held to account for the numerous charges he faces of murder, mutilation, forced recruitment of child soldiers and use of sex slaves - crimes he allegedly committed when he was a senior commander of the LRA," said rights group Amnesty International.

अभियान समूह एल. आर. ए. क्राइसिस ट्रैकर के अनुसार, व्हाइट एंट के रूप में जाना जाने वाला, डोमिनिक ओंगवेन उत्तरी युगांडा में स्कूल जाने वाला एक 10 वर्षीय लड़का था, जब उसे लॉर्ड्स रेजिस्टेंस आर्मी विद्रोही आंदोलन (एल. आर. ए.) द्वारा अपहरण कर लिया गया था और उसके सबसे क्रूर कमांडरों में से एक बन गया था।


Top teacher fights for Canada's indigenous people

Summary: As a little girl growing up in rural Nova Scotia in Canada, Maggie MacDonnell was worried by locals gossiping about the Mi'kmaq indigenous people who lived on a nearby reserve. They said the Mi'kmaq were trapping on her family's land.

By Merlin JohnGlobal education She recalls: "I went to my dad, a huge man, six foot something and in the woods a lot, and said, 'Dad you've got to watch out, the Mi'kmaq are hunting on our land.' "He looked at me and responded, not in a chastising way, 'This is their land and we always have to remember that. They can hunt and fish and trap anywhere they want. We are guests on their land.'" This year Maggie MacDonnell was named as winner of the Global Teacher Prize - and she links this accolade with these attitudes in her early years. "I was lucky to have that influence at an early age," she explains. "Because maybe other kids didn't go home and have that conversation with their parents, maybe they had a more prejudiced conversation." Meeting presidents Ms MacDonnell's understanding of the injustices meted out to Canada's indigenous people helped her work with students at Ikusik School in the 1,400-strong Inuit village of Salluit in northern Quebec on the Arctic circle. It's an isolated place, accessible only by air, where young people have few job opportunities and where there have been problems with high levels of drink and drug abuse and shocking levels of suicide among teenagers. At the award ceremony she spoke movingly of the experience of teaching in a school after a funeral of one of the students. Her success was also remarkable because she had not even heard of the teaching prize, run by the Varkey Foundation, until she was nominated for it. Sunny Varkey, founder of the Varkey Foundation, said she won the prize because of her "superhuman" tenacity in wanting to improve the chances of her students in Salluit. "There are no roads to get there, the climate is tough and these communities are living with the legacy of generations of inequality. "Due to the harsh conditions, where temperatures can reach -25C in winter, there are very high rates of teacher turnover, which is a significant barrier to education in the Arctic," said Mr Varkey. "Many teachers leave their post after six months and many apply for stress leave, but Maggie has stayed on for six years, painstakingly building bonds with her students and instilling them with hope," he said. But since the awards ceremony in Dubai in March, Ms MacDonnell has used the prize to highlight the needs of her students. She took Inuit students and teachers to the Toronto Film Festival to show and discuss the documentary film Salluit Run Club about the running club she set up to try to build up the resilience of her students and the local community. "The young people I brought opened up all sorts of conversations for parents to have with their kids on indigenous issues in Canada. It was awesome," she says. Two of her students went to the United Nations in New York for a one-hour conversation with former US president Bill Clinton. On a visit to Chile, two students met the country's president, Michelle Bachelet, and were guests of the indigenous Mapuche people. President Bachelet publicly asked the Mapuche and other indigenous people for forgiveness for the historic injustices. "That was an amazing moment for the Inuit youth who I work with to witness and be part of," said Ms MacDonnell. Pressure on indigenous people Last week, thanks to the funding from the prize, she took four young Inuit people to her own home turf of Nova Scotia to take part in her newest initiative, a kayaking project. It is a one-week course designed to give them a basic kayaking certification to build their confidence on the water. The kayak is a potent Inuit symbol. It once enjoyed a more prominent place before pressures like enforced residential schools separated Inuit youth from traditional cultural and economic roles. It was an emotional visit. There were already connections in place. Her social worker sister Claire has adopted two Inuit children from her time in Salluit (she was there before Maggie), and her mother had also visited the village. Maggie's work and her prize have helped highlight the struggle of Canada's indigenous peoples. Canada has been marking its 150th anniversary - Canada 150 - and as part of this commemoration prime minister Justin Trudeau highlighted the "victims of oppression". "As a society, we must acknowledge past mistakes," said Mr Trudeau, about the need to acknowledge previous wrongs to indigenous people and to achieve future reconciliation. The comment chimes with Maggie MacDonnell's teaching experience. Her Inuit community has been in the region for thousands of years, and the past 150 have not been kind to them, so even those who are proud Canadians may have had trouble celebrating Canada 150. The Nunavik region, made up of 14 villages that include Salluit, suffers from a chronic housing shortage. This exacerbates other problems which include alcohol and drug dependency and a high rate of tuberculosis. Maggie MacDonnell's work with indigenous people in Canada also has resonances elsewhere. Global warming She has worked in Tanzania and wants to take Inuit students to climb Mount Kilimanjaro with local youth "to bring more attention to an African symbol of climate change, because on Kilimanjaro the glaciers are melting". Global education Ideas for the Global education series? Get in touch. Her own community is already aware of the impact of global warming. Her students posted on Facebook a picture with a brown bear taken locally. "That's ridiculous," she says, "like seeing a giraffe walk through London." They are usually found much further to the south. "We need to collaborate on a global level," she said. "There are opportunities to weave together global issues, particularly for indigenous people, and especially climate change, social justice, gender empowerment." The ambitions may stretch internationally, but Maggie MacDonnell's work is firmly grounded in her community. On the theme of Canada 150 she said: "I guess you can say that education does offer opportunities for reconciliation. "I think that if Canada can seize this opportunity and become a global leader and an example for healing relationships between our indigenous and non-indigenous people, that's when we are going to be a truly developed country. "I wish that all Canadians could see the benefit of how we would all be richer, not just economically, when we really start to value and ensure that indigenous people can unlock their full potential. "What Canada could look like then would be phenomenal. When we embrace all that diversity and all those different outlooks, that's what would make Canada so exciting. "Canada 300 - a really great party that I'd like to come back to if possible."

कनाडा के ग्रामीण नोवा स्कोटिया में पली-बढ़ी एक छोटी लड़की के रूप में, मैगी मैकडॉनेल स्थानीय लोगों द्वारा पास के रिजर्व में रहने वाले मि 'कमाक स्वदेशी लोगों के बारे में गपशप करने से चिंतित थी। उन्होंने कहा कि मि' कमाक उसके परिवार की जमीन पर फंस रहे थे।


Ashington cyclist critically injured in 'hit-and-run'

Summary: A cyclist suffered life-threatening injuries in a collision with a car.

The 25-year-old was knocked off his bicycle after the collision with a Volkswagen Bora on Remschied Way, Ashington, Northumberland, at about 22:30 BST on Saturday. Northumbria Police said the car driver did not stop. Officers located the vehicle shortly afterwards and a 28-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of causing serious injury by dangerous driving. Related Internet Links Northumbria Police

कार की टक्कर से साइकिल सवार गंभीर रूप से घायल हो गया।


Trump US election victory: The view from Irish America

Summary: There are an estimated 34.5m Irish Americans in the United States, many of whom went to the polls as part of the stunning election results that saw Donald Trump returned as the 45th President of the United States .

By Ciaran McCauley & Laura McDaidBBC News NI While his victory was an upset in the polls, and a disappointment to many Northern Ireland political leaders including Naomi Long and Colum Eastwood, many Irish Americans were joyous at seeing their candidate elected over Hilary Clinton. "I haven't stopped smiling all day," said Pat Troy. He moved to the US from County Offaly in the Republic of Ireland decades ago and said he has always been a Republican. "I live in Alexandria, Virginia, which is a Democrat city and I've been going around the city in my Trump hat today, proud as punch." Virginia narrowly voted in favour of Hillary Clinton, but the tight race in a traditionally Democrat state was a harbinger for Mr Trump's success later in the evening. The former bar owner said he had hosted many Republican politicians in his bar, including former President Ronald Reagan. He even stood for council as a Republican - but lost, he said, because of the city's Democrat demographics. "I like Trump because he is not a politician - he tells it like it is," said Mr Troy. "Sure, some things no-one could approve of, but when you're running for office, you'll say things off the cuff that you don't mean. "He wouldn't say it again tomorrow. Politics is a dirty game, he did what he had to do. "He wasn't listening to his advisers and if he hadn't said those things, he would have swept the board." Hoping for change Mr Troy's words were echoed by Aileen Deeter, a prison nurse in Kansas who emigrated to the US from Ireland in 1991. Speaking about Mr Trump's pledge to build a wall between the US and Mexico, she said: "I think it's more just something for people to imagine, rather than a reality. "I don't think it will happen, it's an awful lot of money to waste. "It might be more about manning the area. It sounds a little too crazy." However, she said she was thrilled Mr Trump had won. "I identify with him," she said. "He wants to keep jobs in America and change the system politically. "It's very corrupt. I hope there's change there. Mrs Deeter said her decision ultimately came down to trust - and she didn't trust Hillary Clinton. "It is nice hearing how Ireland feels and sad they don't see the potential that Trump has," she said. "We endured Obama and his office, so I think we will survive Trump and he does have Pence at his side who comes with lots of experience. "Fingers crossed for positive changes." In Derry, New Hampshire, and neighbouring Londonderry, Mr Trump attracted a slight majority of voters, despite Mrs Clinton narrowly winning the state overall. 'Once in a lifetime' Craig O'Leary, who owns a music shop in Derry, said he had always voted Democrat but decided it was time for someone like Donald Trump "to be given a chance". "I was fed up with people who are career politicians, people who never had a proper job in their life," he said. "I'm a small business owner and I read a lot of Mr Trump's books, they taught me a lot. I think he's a guy who will look after business and do a lot of deals for the country. "I just saw it as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to get someone in there who actually grew his own business and wasn't always in politics." 'Angry divide' One Northern Ireland woman who had a close-up view of Mrs Clinton's campaign was Clíona McCarney, who has been in the US since June to work for the Democratic Party in Virginia. She said people in Northern Ireland and the Republic should be concerned over Mr Trump's ability to be the "gatekeeper of our peace process". "I think that it is very worrying, because it is fairly inevitable we are going to need another American diplomat over our next stage of crisis talks, whenever that may be," she said. "So I think people in Ireland should be disappointed at this result as well." Catherine Clinton, international research professor at Queen's University, Befast, and a Democrat, was in the US for the vote. She said there was a "very deep and angry divide" in the country but she was heartened by the speeches made since the election result. "For Donald Trump to give a message of bringing the country together," she said. "For Hillary Clinton to speak to her base of people - and remember the people she was speaking to were the largest number of voters in the country - to give Donald Trump the benefit of the doubt. "And for President Obama to say he would extend every courtesy to the new president. "I think that message was quite heartening that perhaps democracy can survive a rather rambunctious electoral season."

संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में अनुमानित 34.5m आयरिश अमेरिकी हैं, जिनमें से कई आश्चर्यजनक चुनाव परिणामों के हिस्से के रूप में चुनाव में गए, जिसमें डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प को संयुक्त राज्य के 45वें राष्ट्रपति के रूप में वापस देखा गया।


Closing Guernsey Airport's runway is 'last resort'

Summary: Guernsey Airport's runway will only close as a last resort while work to repair it is carried out, the department responsible has said.

The Public Services Department has been looking into whether it would be necessary to shut the runway for short periods of time during the work. Minister Bernard Flouquet said they would only close the runway if it was absolutely necessary. The project, which is expected to cost about £80m, is due to start next year. The idea that the runway may have to close, for up to eight days, during the work was first put forward in March when the department asked commercial operators and the public on their views as to when the closures should take place. Deputy Flouquet said the plan was for the majority of the work to be carried out overnight.

जिम्मेदार विभाग ने कहा है कि ग्वेर्नसे हवाई अड्डे का रनवे केवल अंतिम उपाय के रूप में बंद होगा, जबकि इसकी मरम्मत का काम किया जाएगा।


Snow difficulties and your rights

Summary: A heavy band of snow has been making its way across the UK, leaving some schools shut and causing travel disruption.

So what are your rights if you can't get into work? The material is for general information only and does not constitute investment, tax, legal or other form of advice. You should not rely on this information to make (or refrain from making) any decisions. Links to external sites are for information only and do not constitute endorsement. Always obtain independent, professional advice for your own particular situation.

पूरे ब्रिटेन में भारी बर्फबारी हो रही है, जिससे कुछ स्कूल बंद हो गए हैं और यात्रा में व्यवधान पैदा हो रहा है।


Is sexism behind beauty salons' continued closure?

Summary: While hairdressers around England have reopened, beauticians have had to stand back and watch, not yet allowed to see customers amid the coronavirus pandemic. Some workers think it unfair and feel frustrated. And to compound matters, there have also been concerns a multi billion-pound industry is being belittled by sexism.

By Sophie MaddenBBC News It started at Prime Minister's Questions a week ago, when MP William Wragg asked Boris Johnson when there might be a review of the decision to keep beauty salons closed, so enterprises in his constituency could reopen safely. A specific site, Lush Beauty in Romiley, Cheshire, was referenced in the question. The prime minister replied: "I am sure that one day I will go with my honourable friend to Lush Beauty, but it is a sad reality for many of those excellent businesses that they cannot yet open in the way they want." The remark drew laughter in some areas of the house. In different quarters, though, others took a dim view, branding the jokey response sexist. There have been claims it mocked the industry - one that, unlike hairdressers, does not yet have ringing tills. So what has it been like for workers in the sector to be unable to take customers' money as MPs giggle on the benches? Catherine McVeigh runs Catherine's Hands in Haywards Heath, West Sussex. She said of the Commons tone: "What does that say to the average Joe Bloggs? That we're not a serious industry. It came across as sexist." She said, given pubs reopened on Saturday, sparking crowded celebratory scenes in a "rammed" Soho, but appointment-only beauty salons still could not trade, things felt unfair. "It feels like as long as [the prime minister] can get a pint and a haircut it is 'I'm all right Jack' and 'don't worry about the others'." Mrs McVeigh was not alone in her dismay. Kate Mackintosh, who runs Love Lashes Lash Bar and Love Lash Boutique in Liverpool, said she felt upset and patronised, especially considering "the amount the industry contributes to the economy". "I can't work out whether it is sexism, because 90% of the industry is led by women," she said. "For a lot of people, it is not the vanity of getting the treatment, it is social interaction, and for some people that does affect their mental health." The day after the Commons comments, the chairs of the All Party Parliamentary Group for Beauty, Aesthetics and Wellbeing, MPs Carolyn Harris and Judith Cummins, wrote to Boris Johnson, describing the laughter as "unacceptable", and urging the government to "recognise that the financial ruin of the beauty industry is no laughing matter". In the correspondence, the pair accused the prime minister of previously dismissing the industry as "nail bars", adding that, in reality, it contributed billions annually to the UK GDP and employed more than 150,000 people in its service side. The MPs asked: "Were people laughing because this is an industry which women predominate? And is it because of the government's perception that this is just an industry of 'nail bars' that you have failed to give any indication as to when the industry can reopen?" Mr Wragg later apologised if his question came across as "anything other than well intentioned", adding a letter from the National Hair and Beauty Federation thanking him for raising the issue. Among those unable to welcome customers has been Jenna Woolliscroft, who runs Bella's Beauty in Stoke-on-Trent. She has also been among those left unsure what was behind the delay. "I can't really see the difference between hair and beauty," she said. Her frustration was that both types of enterprise would be classed as "close contact services" in government guidelines but were being treated differently. Just how close is close? A Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy spokesperson said: "We will reopen closed beauty salons as soon as possible, once we are confident they are able to operate in a Covid-secure way. "This is particularly important where there can be a greater risk of transmission due to prolonged periods of face-to-face contact." The official line, then, is that the precise type of work can put people closer to the danger zones of eyes, nose and mouth; interaction more readily avoided in a haircut. It is a blow to Ms Woolliscroft, who said: "I was so prepared, I had done a risk assessment, got Covid-19 track and trace forms ready for customers to fill out... the money I have spent on PPE, visors, masks, no-touch hand sanitizers. "Then [the government was], like, 'no' - I was devastated." She added: "At the moment it does feel like we're not seen as relevant. "Even if they restricted some treatments, or gave us an outline that said 'you can do this, but not that'... but it feels like we have been completely ignored." And if 'nail bars' is a flawed perception, then back in Liverpool, Mrs Mackintosh thinks the situation raises another matter not properly perceived. She said: "To be perfectly honest, everything apart from keeping the metre or more apart and the actual visors, things like masks, gloves, cleaning stations, continuous hand washing, those are drummed into you from day one - we do that as standard, it is nothing new to us." And that precaution, she says, has meant every time she has built up for a government announcement "I'm left either disappointed or totally confused". The BBC approached 10 Downing Street for a comment over the allegations of sexism. It referred the BBC to the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, which suggested approaching Number 10. What do I need to know about the coronavirus?

जबकि इंग्लैंड के आसपास हेयरड्रेसर फिर से खुल गए हैं, ब्यूटीशियनों को पीछे हटकर देखना पड़ा है, कोरोनावायरस महामारी के बीच अभी तक ग्राहकों को देखने की अनुमति नहीं है। कुछ श्रमिकों को यह अनुचित लगता है और वे निराश महसूस करते हैं। और मामलों को बढ़ाने के लिए, एक बहु अरब पाउंड के उद्योग को लिंगवाद से नीचा दिखाया जा रहा है।


France crisis: Can Francois Hollande recover from revolt?

Summary: For once, the front pages of France's newspapers were in agreement. "Regime in Crisis" screamed the headline in the left-wing daily Liberation; the same phrase was splashed across the front page of the right-wing Le Figaro.

By Lucy WilliamsonBBC News, Paris From the covers of both papers, a rain-sodden President Hollande stared out into the middle-distance. Amid slumping growth and historic levels of unpopularity, Mr Hollande has now added another unwanted achievement to his record: presiding over one of the shortest cabinets in the history of France's Fifth Republic. Arnaud Montebourg, the economy minister at the heart of this latest saga, has long been a critic of the government's austerity policies. He was promoted in April during the last reshuffle, after the Socialists' disastrous showing in the EU elections earlier this year, along with fellow leftist Benoit Hamon and centrist Prime Minister Manuel Valls. The idea was to cement the left and right wings of the party behind Mr Hollande's economic plans. Four months later that deal has fallen apart, and the economy is still stagnant, with unemployment running at more than 10%. A central aim of his latest reshuffle is to replace those left-wing critics with more sympathetic minds, and give President Hollande's economic drive a boost. Key among the new appointments announced on Tuesday is a fresh face in government. Emmanuel Macron is a former banker and economic adviser to the president who now takes up the job of economy minister. His key selling point is that he shares the president's pro-business, centre-right vision - unlike his predecessor. Two other loyalists have been promoted to the positions of education and culture minister. Loyalty test So with his most vocal critics out of government, will things get easier for Mr Hollande? The dissolution of the cabinet, with each former minister required to attend an individual loyalty test, has certainly sent a strong message - and the new appointments should make the day-to-day running of the government more cohesive. But the fault lines in the Socialist party and its allies have not gone away, and there is a danger those divisions will simply switch to the National Assembly. That could mean Mr Hollande has a much tougher time getting key legislation through later this year. Quite apart from the political fallout of this purge, some analysts believe this crisis marks a key moment for Mr Hollande's leadership. Christian Makarian, editor at L'Express current affairs magazine, believes Francois Hollande's behaviour over the past two days marks a "mental revolution" for the politician himself. "Hollande has built his personal career on navigating between the two main streams of the Socialist Party," he told me. "Now, he's not only a navigator; he's the captain, and he must take the risk of being strongly unpopular inside his own political family. "This is the first time I've seen him with a strong will to enact a kind of cultural revolution, and show that he's able to get rid of some bad habits from the past." If anyone needs to be comfortable being unpopular, it's President Hollande. The French leader has had some terrible polls recently: fewer than 20% of voters believe in his ability to turn the economy around. If growth rebounds, then Mr Hollande could well recover too. But things could also get worse - confidence in him could ebb further, the in-fighting could continue, and his programme could become stuck in the National Assembly. For someone new to being captain, it looks like rough seas ahead.

एक बार के लिए, फ्रांस के समाचार पत्रों के पहले पन्ने सहमत थे। "संकट में शासन" वामपंथी दैनिक लिबरेशन में शीर्षक चिल्लाया; यही वाक्यांश दक्षिणपंथी ले फिगारो के पहले पन्ने पर फैला हुआ था।


New HQ opens for Wales Air Ambulance in Carmarthenshire

Summary: Wales Air Ambulance has moved into the charity's first owned home in Carmarthenshire.

The service has transferred its helicopter and fundraising staff to a purpose-built facility at Llanelli Gate, Dafen. The project to build the airbase, which covers its south Wales operation, took 12 months. It was previously split between two premises in Swansea.

वेल्स एयर एम्बुलेंस कार्मार्थेनशायर में चैरिटी के पहले स्वामित्व वाले घर में स्थानांतरित हो गई है।


Kitchener: The most famous pointing finger

Summary: A recruitment poster of the stern-eyed Lord Kitchener has become a defining image of World War One. A clever illustrator's psychological trickery has spawned a thousand imitations, writes Adam Eley.

It is perhaps history's most famous pointing finger. The image of British war minister Lord Kitchener's index finger unsettlingly aimed at the viewer remains immediately recognisable 100 years after its design. Still regularly copied in advertising, it has also served as a satirical motif in the media and inspired military recruitment campaigns across the globe. Most people assume this image owes its fame to a government recruiting campaign during World War One. But while an estimated 5.7 million official posters printed in the UK from 1914-18, as few as 10,000 copies of this particular image were made. It was initially intended only as a front cover design for the London Opinion magazine on 5 September 1914, created by professional illustrator Alfred Leete, supposedly in a single day. The cover bore the message "Your Country Needs You". The slogan was then slightly tweaked to simply "Wants You" and the image was privately produced as a poster shortly afterwards. But there is little photographic evidence of it on display in public places and only a handful of original copies survive today. The authorities equally anticipated that an image of Kitchener - immensely popular with the public and seen as a great symbol of army and empire - would be good for recruiting. But in the first instance the official Parliamentary Recruitment Committee poster used a completely different and far less dramatic image of the field marshal. It was next to a rather uninspiring quote from one of his speeches: "Men, materials & money are the immediate necessities. Does the call of duty find no response in you until reinforced - let us rather say superseded - by the call of compulsion? Enlist today." With a print-run potentially 15 times that of the poster based on Leete's image, it was given the resources and prominence to be remembered above all others, but is now largely forgotten. So why, almost 100 years on, does Leete's design retain such potency? "Among the myriad of images pushed towards us each day, that of Kitchener pointing is an instantly recognisable symbol of World War One," says the Museum of Brands founder Robert Opie. "Television programmes have used the poster in advertising campaigns to immediately establish that the show is set at the time of the Great War." Its longevity, he adds, is also a result of Leete's powerful design with "Lord Kitchener's eyes following you round the room like the Mona Lisa". Leete's illustration carefully manipulates Kitchener's actual appearance. Firstly, his squint - clearly visible in the official, long-winded poster - is corrected. His moustache was darkened and widened. The design is probably based on a photograph taken some 30 years earlier, as by the start of the war, Kitchener was 64. Kitchener's hand gesture is equally provocative in its directness. "Pointing is individualistic, it singles out one person alone," says University of Hertfordshire psychology professor Karen Pine. "This makes you more engaged and places you under an obligation to respond." The illustrator's work also compared favourably with official recruitment posters of the time. As Richard Slocombe, senior curator of art at the Imperial War Museum, explains: "Poster design was a very mechanical process with little finesse. A large number solely used words." In contrast, Leete was a renowned cartoonist "who knew how to connect with the wider public through his work and understood the importance of simplicity". Those four words, "Your Country Needs You", also proved effective. "They evoke patriotism and guilt in those yet to enlist without straying as far as emotional blackmail," says the National Army Museum's David Bownes, co-author of Posters of the First World War. The success of the image has arguably enabled it to transcend the legacy of Lord Kitchener himself. Leete's design has been copied by military recruitment campaigns from India to Canada to Germany. Four million copies of James Montgomery Flagg's Uncle Sam poster were printed by the US during WW1. Indeed, the image still features in the country's recruitment drives today. As recently as 1998 a version of the Kitchener poster was used in a campaign to improve the number of ethnic minority recruits in the British Army. Kitchener's face was replaced in two posters by servicemen of African and Asian heritage. As a humorous motif it is even more widely used. The Sunday Times replaced Kitchener's face with David Cameron's after the prime minister used the phrase "your country needs you" when promoting his vision of the Big Society in October 2010. Any nod to the famous poster can be humorous because of how unusual the pointing gesture now seems. "We're less deferential to authority now, so politicians are trained to use open-hand gestures rather than point," explains Karen Pine. Opie explains that the poster remains widely used because "it contains everything a caricaturist needs - a strong, powerful image that can act as a quick and easy communicator". In the 1960s, two boutiques called I Was Lord Kitchener's Valet - incorporating Leete's design in their advertisements - opened in London's Portobello Road and Carnaby Street. Selling military memorabilia and clothing to customers including Jimi Hendrix, John Lennon and Eric Clapton, they invoked ironic nostalgia towards the age of authority in which Kitchener lived. Since then, everything from mugs to T-shirts have carried Kitchener's face, including duvet covers claiming "your bed needs you". And his image has recently featured on a special edition £2 coin commemorating the war. Who was Lord Kitchener? Kitchener and his pointing finger are still regularly used in the promotion of everything from local fetes to garage sales. But for Martyn Thatcher, author of the Amazing Story of the Kitchener Poster, the image has often become "a lazy piece of graphic design". The controversies that surrounded Lord Kitchener - famed for his disputes with political and military figures of the time - have been widely obscured in favour of Leete's evocative caricature. His successes have been reduced to a single image. Lord Kitchener was uneasy about his use in recruitment campaigns. He believed it should be the country's monarch inspiring people to sign up, and not him, hence his insistence on the words "God Save the King" at the bottom of many posters. But whether with his permission or not, his image will live on. World War One 1914-1918 World War One was a truly global conflict. The war was fought in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia. Around 17 million soldiers and civilians were killed between 1914 and 1918. Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914. In 1916, conscription was introduced for the first time. As millions of men left for the front, women filled their roles in factories, shops and offices across the country. On the Western Front the opposing armies were trapped in a stalemate. Many lives were lost fighting over just a few miles of land. The Battle of the Somme was one of the largest of WW1 and nearly 20,000 British soldiers died on the first day. WW1 saw advancements in medicine and technology - the invention of plastic surgery, innovations in flight, and new treatments for mental health. The World War One Centenary Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.

कठोर दृष्टि वाले लॉर्ड किचनर का एक भर्ती पोस्टर प्रथम विश्व युद्ध की एक परिभाषित छवि बन गया है। एडम एली लिखते हैं कि एक चतुर चित्रकार की मनोवैज्ञानिक चाल ने एक हजार नकलें पैदा की हैं।