Rafik Hariri tribunal: Who were the four accused over 2005 assassination?

Summary: A UN-backed court has convicted a member of the militant group Hezbollah of being involved in the killing of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri and 21 others in a car bombing in Beirut on 14 February 2005.

Salim Ayyash was one of four men accused of conspiring in the attack who were tried in their absence by the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) in the Netherlands. A panel of judges found the three other defendants not guilty of all counts. The judges also said there was no direct evidence that the leadership of Hezbollah or the Syrian government played a role in Hariri's death. Both denied involvement. Salim Jamil Ayyash Verdict: Guilty on all counts Ayyash was convicted of five charges, including conspiracy aimed at committing a terrorist act, committing a terrorist act by means of an explosive device, and the intentional homicide of Rafik Hariri with premeditation by using explosive materials. The 56-year-old was related through marriage to Mustafa Badreddine, according to the pre-indictment. Badreddine, a former Hezbollah military commander, was charged by STL prosecutors alongside Ayyash, but was dropped from the indictment after he was killed in Syria in 2016. Ayyash was alleged to have co-ordinated the physical perpetration of the attack and, together with Badreddine, the surveillance of Rafik Hariri. In the attack, a suicide bomber detonated a large quantity of high explosives concealed in a van as Hariri drove past Beirut's St Georges Hotel. Ayyash was accused of purchasing the van, and of having played a role in preparing a false claim of responsibility to shield the real conspirators. Prosecutors said Ayyash and the other defendants had used five mobile phone networks to plan, prepare and execute the attack, and that Ayyash had one of six mobiles used by the "assassination team". Ayyash's court-appointed defence lawyers said the prosecution's case relied on circumstantial evidence that did not support the allegation that he used phones attributed to him and did not prove his involvement in any of the alleged activities underlying the conspiracy. But Presiding Judge David Re said the court was satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that prosecutors proved Ayyash's guilt. "Mr Ayyash had a central role in the execution of the attack and directly contributed to it," he stated. "Mr Ayyash intended to kill Mr Hariri and had the required knowledge about the circumstances of the assassination mission, including that explosives were the means to be used." Hussein Hassan Oneissi Verdict: Not guilty on all counts Mr Oneissi was acquitted of five charges, including conspiracy aimed at committing a terrorist act by means of an explosive device, and being an accomplice to the felony of intentional homicide with premeditation by using explosive materials. The 46-year-old, along with co-defendant Assad Hassan Sabra, was accused of having participated prior to the attack in the selection of a suitable individual - Ahmed Abu Adass, a Palestinian man - to make a false claim of responsibility, and of having participated in his disappearance. Mr Abu Adass has been missing since 16 January 2005. Prosecutors also alleged that Mr Oneissi and Mr Sabra acted together immediately after the bombing in order to disseminate statements falsely attributing responsibility, and to ensure the delivery and subsequent broadcast of the video-taped false claim of responsibility to the Al Jazeera news network's Beirut office. Al Jazeera received a video in which Mr Abu Adass said he planned to blow himself up on behalf of a what prosecutors said was a fictional Sunni fundamentalist group called "Victory and Jihad and Greater Syria". Mr Oneissi's defence team said prosecutors had not proven he was involved in preparing the allegedly false claim, nor his alleged role in the disappearance of Mr Abu Adass. Assad Hassan Sabra Verdict: Not guilty on all counts Mr Sabra was accused, along with Mr Oneissi, of preparing the false claim of responsibility. The 43-year-old was acquitted of five charges, including conspiracy aimed at committing a terrorist act and being an accomplice to the felony of intentional homicide with premeditation by using explosive materials. Mr Sabra's defence lawyers said the evidence against him was "not only wholly circumstantial, but of the weakest variety", and that it was clear the prosecution was unable to demonstrate his criminal involvement, knowledge or intent. Hassan Habib Merhi Verdict: Not guilty on all counts Mr Merhi was not initially part of the trial. In February 2014, the case against him was joined with the case against Salim Ayyash and the other accused. The 54-year-old was acquitted of five charges, including conspiracy aimed at committing a terrorist act and being an accomplice to the felony of intentional homicide with premeditation by using explosive materials. He was accused of having co-ordinated, together with Mustafa Badreddine, the preparation of the false claim of responsibility, and to have been in contact with Salim Ayyash in relation to the preparations for the attack. Prosecutors alleged that Mr Merhi also worked with Hussein Oneissi and Assad Sabra in order to make a false claim of responsibility for the attack and ensure its broadcast. Mr Merhi's defence team said prosecutors had not proved any of the counts against him, and that their case was based on telecommunications evidence which was seriously defective in terms of reliability.

संयुक्त राष्ट्र समर्थित एक अदालत ने 14 फरवरी 2005 को बेरूत में एक कार बम विस्फोट में लेबनान के पूर्व प्रधानमंत्री रफीक हरीरी और 21 अन्य लोगों की हत्या में शामिल होने के लिए आतंकवादी समूह हिज़्बुल्लाह के एक सदस्य को दोषी ठहराया है।


How do you fill the holiday void with an autistic son?

Summary: John Williams is a single father and full-time carer for his 10-year-old son, who has autism and cerebral palsy. Both of them dread school holidays but have learned how to manage them, he says, through a process of trial and error.

School. Holidays. Two words that on their own are fine, but together strike fear and horror in to parents throughout the land. For my 10-year-old autistic son, who craves the familiarity and consistency of routine, the lack of sameness, and change of pace that holidays inevitably bring, can make them an even more testing time. "Please complete the holiday diary to tell us what you did over the Easter period," said a letter he arrived home with on Friday. It turned out to be an exercise book. An exercise book! Forty-two pages. He's only off for two weeks. What do you want us to have done? "On Monday we trekked across the Himalayas to discover a new breed of toad before popping over to South America on Tuesday to save the rainforest." What's wrong with: "We spent the entire fortnight in our pyjamas watching CBeebies, eating all our meals off the lounge floor with our hands"? But unless you want to be made to feel like you're top of the Bad Parent Class, trips out are the order of the day. We've tried different outings over the years, some with more success than others. London's Natural History Museum is a place of wonderment and beauty... unless you're an eight-year-old who can't differentiate between reality and make-believe. For The Boy, as I'm calling him for the purpose of this article, to save his blushes, it's just a big mortuary filled with dead animals, apart from one very much alive, animatronic Tyrannosaurus Rex, that nobody sees fit to warn you about. We've only been once. Libraries are good. They're quiet, often tragically empty places nowadays. The Boy likes their calmness. The one nearest to us has really high ceilings. So if you stand in the middle of it and scream really loudly when you can't have the same Doctor Who book you've borrowed for the last 18 months, you get a brilliant echo that goes on and on and on - long after the security guard has asked you to step outside. There's one trip we've become good at though - 10-pin bowling. Bowling alleys have a consistency that The Boy finds reassuring. The lights aren't too bright, there's an airiness to the place and there are no surprises. You bowl the ball. It knocks things down. They get up again. Time after time. But even then, our visit is not like most people's. So, if ever anyone fancies taking The Boy bowling for the school holidays, here's a crash course on how to make the trip a success: John William's blog, My Son's Not Rainman, is written to accompany his comedy show of the same name, currently touring the UK before a run at this summer's Edinburgh Festival . You can follow the BBC's Ouch! blog on disability on Twitter and on Facebook

जॉन विलियम्स अपने 10 साल के बेटे के लिए एकल पिता और पूर्णकालिक देखभाल करने वाले हैं, जिसे ऑटिज्म और सेरेब्रल पाल्सी है। वे दोनों स्कूल की छुट्टियों से डरते हैं लेकिन उन्होंने परीक्षण और त्रुटि की प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से उनका प्रबंधन करना सीख लिया है।


Joan Rivers: What it was like being her make-up artist?

Summary: When Joan Rivers landed her first UK show Can We Talk? in 1986, British make-up artist Mark Easton was called in to do her make-up. He went on to work with her for many years and has shared his memories of those times with the BBC.

I remember her very first words when I went in to her dressing room at the BBC. She said "Hi, what's your name?" and I said, "Mark". And then she just said "Ok, hit that face!". I was doing high fashion and motion picture stars at the time but I got the job because my agent Michael John used to look after all Cher's wigs at his salon in Beverly Hills and Joan and Cher were very close friends. Every time she came to England I looked after her. She had a book tour coming up and they asked me to go to the States. She was doing a coast to coast tour with the Oprah Winfrey show and David Letterman and that's when the news broke that she had split with Johnny Carson [when she left The Tonight Show to front a rival talk show] and there was a big ruckus there. She was a hugely funny woman and always up for a joke. Travelling coast to coast in the back of a limo, she had her scriptwriting team with her and the banter would be going on all the time to create her material. There were quips but I can't say she told jokes all the time. She'd talk about books, she was incredibly well read, and she'd be talking about her daughter Melissa and life in general. She was incredibly generous. When I was in Hollywood with her, they'd put me up in a very nice place, all expenses paid. I wanted to see the Guggenheim museum and it was closed, so she just phoned them up and they opened it up especially. We just drove up there and had lunch when it was completely empty. Her house on Bellagio Drive in Beverly Hills was a beautiful home, she was a very sophisticated lady. And a tough business woman, she probably had to be to stay at the top like that. At that particular time, she'd had work done. She'd probably have an acid wash [peel] every now and again, but it was not an obsession with her. All ladies of a certain age in Hollywood, if they wanted to continue working, they had to look good. Often we'd go for dinner at Le Gavroche or somewhere like that and we'd all eat and Joan would have a glass of white wine and a plate of pills! I just loved her as a human being, she was such a smashing lady, but she would be quite wicked sometimes. I remember we were in Chicago staying at the Four Seasons and we were coming down in the lift, and the lift was packed, and she said: "I must phone [Barbra] Streisand, she's just had an operation on her throat - she's never going to sing again!". And then she'd just sail out in her mink coat, with a wink and a smile in her eye - and that was Joan. She'd be like, "that will be in the press tomorrow". But it was all in good fun. All the people she sent up knew it was all part of the act and they'd be on the phone the next day and having supper together.

जब जोन रिवर्स ने 1986 में अपना पहला यूके शो कैन वी टॉक उतारा, तो ब्रिटिश मेकअप कलाकार मार्क ईस्टन को उनका मेकअप करने के लिए बुलाया गया। उन्होंने कई वर्षों तक उनके साथ काम किया और बीबीसी के साथ उस समय की अपनी यादों को साझा किया।


Bloodhound diary: All set for UK rocket test

Summary: A British team is developing a car that will capable of reaching 1,000mph (1,610km/h). Powered by a rocket bolted to a Eurofighter-Typhoon jet engine, the Bloodhound SSC (SuperSonic Car) vehicle will mount an assault on the land speed record. Wing Commander Green is writing a diary for the BBC News website about his experiences working on the Bloodhound project and the team's efforts to inspire national interest in science and engineering.

By Andy GreenWorld Land Speed Record Holder The secret's out now - we're planning on our first UK hybrid rocket firing on 3 October. I have to confess to being slightly nervous about the event. It's all very well us running the world's largest "Engineering Adventure", promising to share all of the data as we go, and promising to conduct key tests in public, but doing our very first high-pressure firing with the world's media present, when we don't know exactly what will happen - what could possibly go wrong? Actually, it's probably not a lot. We've previously fired the hybrid in the US at a lower pressure - about 20 Bar (300 psi) - and all was well. Next month we're going to use the Cosworth F1 engine and pump, doubling the feed pressure to 40 Bar (600 psi), which will hopefully make a lot more noise and flame - and a lot more thrust. This will be the next step in the development of the hybrid rocket, up to its eventual limit of around 76 Bar (1,100 psi), at which point it should be delivering about 12 tonnes of thrust - the sort of power that Bloodhound SSC is going to need to get up to 1,000mph. The hybrid firing requires a number of things to work together. First the Cosworth engine has to be running at high power, which is not as easy as it sounds. The engine is driving the rocket pump through a fixed gearbox, so it's a bit like a F1 car pulling out of the pits in top gear - the engine will struggle to accelerate, and we will need to get the ratios exactly right to get to full speed. The Cosworth/pump system won't be running at full speed for next month's test, but we will still learn a lot about the pump performance. Once the pump is running, it will be pushing high test peroxide (HTP - concentrated hydrogen peroxide) under high pressure (40 Bar for this test) through the catalyst pack. To give you an idea of the pressure involved, I've just measured the palm of my hand - it's about 1/100th of a square metre (10 cm by 10 cm). Hence, a pressure of 40 Bar (ie 40 times atmospheric pressure) on the palm of my hand would exert a force of about 4 tonnes. That's the weight of three saloon cars on the palm of my hand. 40 Bar is quite a lot of pressure. The 80 layers of silver oxide mesh in the cat pack will break down this high-pressure HTP to release oxygen, water and heat (at about 600C). The rocket fuel (a complex rubber compound, known as HTPB - you don't want to know the long name!) should then burn furiously in this hot oxygen, blasting out of the rocket nozzle and producing the required thrust. If, that is, the engine, gearbox, pump, valves, cat pack and fuel grain all work as we expect... Want to know what's going to happen when we press the button? Watch the TV news on 3 October, or go to Bloodhoundssc.com on the day and watch the live stream. Wish us luck! While this hybrid development event is important, it's not critical for next year's running. Our aim for 2013 is to get the car supersonic in South Africa, to test the aerodynamics, chassis, steering, suspension, systems, etc, and make any improvements that we need before going for 1,000mph in 2014. To get the car supersonic (and ideally up to 800mph) next year, the car's EJ200 jet engine only needs about half of the hybrid rocket's power. This can be delivered by using HTP only, and running the rocket as a "monopropellant". The HTP is still forced at high pressure though the cat pack, but is then fed straight to the rocket nozzle, without using any of the HTPB fuel. The hot oxygen/water vapour mix will produce several tonnes of thrust by itself - it's not nearly as impressive (have a look at a previous monopropellant test and you'll see what I mean), but it's all that we need for next year. Elsewhere, the manufacture of major parts of the car continues apace. I don't know about anyone else, but I'm getting quite excited by seeing the various finished bits of Bloodhound coming out of various moulds and jigs. We are watching the gradual birth of a 1,000 mph car - something that the world has never seen before. Cytec has delivered the first cockpit hatch and is now busy on the larger carbon fibre bits for the cockpit and nose of the car. Meanwhile, the team at Hampson's is equally busy completing the metal chassis bits for the back half of the car. If you haven't already paid your £10 to put your name on the fin, then now's the time - we'll be building the fin very soon. The aerodynamics research is still a busy area for the team. This may seem odd, given that we've fixed the final shape of the car, but there is a lot that we still don't know. We are doing a number of modelling runs at different speeds, giving us a better idea of how the car should handle as it speeds up and slows down. We are also working out the loads over the whole car, panel by panel, so that the design team can properly stress the panels. Too weak and the bodywork could fail, too strong and the car is heavier than it needs to be - so this process is key to the final bodywork manufacture. We're also starting to look at where we want to put sensors on the car. Given that Swansea University has been the centre of the aerodynamic modelling, they obviously want some data to validate their computer models. Their first look at this has produced a "wish list" of 144 different pressure sensors for Bloodhound SSC. That sounds about right, given how complex the computer model is. Now we've got to work out where all the other system, load, temperature and vibration sensors are going to go, before wiring the car (with several kilometres of wiring) early next year. It's going to be a long list of sensors. So whatever your particular technical interest in our car, you will have plenty of data to look at when we start running next year. One man who would have appreciated this data-intensive approach to record breaking was Neil Armstrong. During his visit to the BloodhoundTechnical Centre two years ago, he emphasised the value of instrumentation on the car, and the need to include it during the build. We were sad to say goodbye to Neil last month, but his advice remains a great way to sum up our approach to extreme record breaking. Good news from South Africa. The precision grading of the causeway is under way and the results look great. The grading is being achieved with a very specialist piece of equipment - a road grader equipped with lasers - and driven, they assure me, by the best grader driver in South Africa. The man-made causeway has been my biggest worry in preparing the surface of Hakskeen Pan for Bloodhound. This kind of "heavy engineering" on a dry lake bed, to return it to its original flat surface, is outside our experience (it's outside anyone's experience!). Now that the Northern Cape team has completed the work, I'm feeling much happier about it. The annual rains (due to start at the end of the year) will complete the job of returning the surface to its natural state. Then, thanks to the Northern Cape Government, we really will have the world's best race track. Our Education Programme is, of course, a key part of Bloodhound, with over 5,000 schools already in the programme and some 500 volunteer Bloodhound Ambassadors to support them. If your school hasn't signed up to this (free!) programme then please do it today - the feedback we get from schools is all about how exciting the kids find the science and technology of 1,000mph, which is just what we're after. We're also working on other ways to get the education message out there - and it's not always pleasant work. Last week I was at Silverstone with the Bloodhound Radical, showing a couple of journalists (from The Sun and Radio 1) how I'm going about training for Bloodhound by improving my driving skills. While we were there, a BBC team were making a new education-based series on how human beings cope with extremes. The Radical at Silverstone is a good way to do this - the car will regularly pull 2G round the high-speed Grand Prix circuit track. To demonstrate how the varying g-forces can affect your body, they had myself and their presenter in two identical Radicals, as passengers for six racing laps... blindfolded, just to make it harder! The aim was to find out if, given my fighter pilot background, I can cope better with the resulting physical stress than Tim the BBC presenter. Good news, our on-board stress monitors showed that I can - so I get to keep my job. However, we both felt a little queasy and unsteady after the experience (even if we didn't admit it on camera). Next month, I'm taking Tim flying to find out how he copes with some proper g-forces in my world - can't wait.

एक ब्रिटिश टीम एक ऐसी कार विकसित कर रही है जो 1,000 मील प्रति घंटे (1,610 किमी/घंटा) तक पहुंचने में सक्षम होगी। एक यूरोफाइटर-टाइफून जेट इंजन को बोल्ट किए गए रॉकेट द्वारा संचालित, ब्लडहाउंड एसएससी (सुपरसोनिक कार) वाहन भूमि की गति के रिकॉर्ड पर हमला करेगा। विंग कमांडर ग्रीन ब्लडहाउंड परियोजना पर काम करने के अपने अनुभवों और विज्ञान और इंजीनियरिंग में राष्ट्रीय रुचि को प्रेरित करने के लिए टीम के प्रयासों के बारे में बीबीसी न्यूज वेबसाइट के लिए एक डायरी लिख रहा है।


Gay marriage: Eight things for better, for worse

Summary: MPs debate plans, opposed by many religious groups, for same-sex marriage next week. Ahead of that occasion, the government has published its assessment of the possible wider impacts. Here are eight ways it believes the bill might change things:

By Ed LowtherPolitical reporter, BBC News 1. Economic stimulus Lavish spending often accompanies a wedding, and so a large increase in the number of marriages taking place each year would create a significant boost to certain parts of the economy. Beneficiaries might include ceremony venues, cake manufacturers, function band agencies, and hoteliers. The government estimates the total economic stimulus could be as much as £14.4m - but thinks it is more likely to be closer to £0. "As the demand for same-sex marriage is uncertain, and because these economic benefits are not guaranteed to be additional (for example, the spending on a civil partnership or marriage ceremony may not be additional if the couple and guests cut back on spending in other areas), we use zero benefit as our best estimate," it explains. 2. Transgender spouses and the law Also facing increased demand for its services is the Gender Recognition Panel, which furnishes transgender people with certificates documenting their gender transitions. At present, it is impossible for a member of a married couple to change gender and remain legally married. So the government is anticipating a "noticeable increase" in the panel's workload as "those who may have changed gender some years ago but decided not to apply for legal recognition, since they wished to remain in their existing marriage", adapt to the change in the law. 3. Health benefits During its consultation on same-sex marriages, the government received evidence from the Royal College of Psychiatrists, which said lesbian, gay, and bisexual people (LGB) people experience more mental health problems and a greater likelihood of drug addiction than heterosexuals. Ministers believe that discrimination against LGB people partially accounts for this phenomenon. The removal of discrimination against same-sex couples in the current legal definition of marriage, the government argues, might therefore improve public health. 4. IT upgrades A number of Whitehall departments will need to tweak their computer systems to enable them to administer services properly to same-sex married couples. The biggest impact will be felt at the Home Office, which oversees the registration of marriages, civil partnerships, births and deaths. The government estimates that necessary changes to its online registration system will cost £2m. Lower costs will fall on the Department for Work and Pensions, which will need to adapt its systems to cope with changes to pension entitlements, and the Ministry of Justice, which will need to alter the courts' "FamilyMan" IT system. 5. Tourism boost If the government's plans become law, the UK will join a select group of 12 countries where same-sex marriage is legal. The Lesbian and Gay Lawyers Association told the government in its consultation to prepare for a "modest boost" in tourism as a consequence. "We are aware that same-sex couples from the UK travel to places like Canada to get married because they prefer this to a civil partnership. We expect that if marriage is open to same-sex couples in England and Wales, couples especially from elsewhere in Europe will come here to get married here," it said. 6. Re-training registrars Those who will be conducting same-sex marriages will need to get to grips with the new system. The government assumes that they will need between two and seven hours' training each - "time which could have been spent on other tasks", it notes. 7. Who to tell and how "Currently, if a person discloses that they are in a civil partnership rather than a marriage, they automatically disclose their sexual orientation," the government says. People in same-sex marriages will have greater discretion over how, when, or whether to divulge this information. Recent research suggests that one in five LGB people think they have been harassed at work because of their sexual orientation, the government says. 8. Societal benefits Same-sex marriages might encourage greater acceptance of same-sex couples in society, the government believes. This would be good for society as a whole, ministers have concluded, by helping to create "a more inclusive society where there is more choice and acceptance".

सांसद अगले सप्ताह समलैंगिक विवाह के लिए कई धार्मिक समूहों द्वारा विरोध की जाने वाली योजनाओं पर बहस करते हैं। उस अवसर से पहले, सरकार ने संभावित व्यापक प्रभावों के बारे में अपना मूल्यांकन प्रकाशित किया है। यहाँ आठ तरीके हैं जिनसे उनका मानना है कि विधेयक चीजों को बदल सकता हैः


Coffee: Do Italians do it better?

Summary: Starbucks is everywhere, but not in Italy.

By Manuela SaragosaBusiness reporter, BBC News Yet Starbucks' founder, Howard Schultz, came up with the idea for his coffee chain whilst sipping espresso in a Milan bar. So what? you may say. He took a good product, repackaged it and globalised it. But to many Italians, the coffee served by Starbucks and other branded outlets is as far away from proper Italian coffee as you can get, despite the Italian-sounding offerings on their menus. Now - time for disclosure - I am part-Italian and like most Italians, I like to think Italy represents the height of coffee culture, the standard against which all coffee should be measured. When Italian friends and family shudder in disgust at the idea of sullying their precious cappuccino with a dash of hazelnut syrup or a sprinkling of cinnamon, I nod knowingly. At home I have a moka machine, which is to the Italian kitchen what the kettle is to the British. As far as I'm concerned, the cappuccinos, lattes and espressos served in branded coffee chains taste scorched and bitter, a shabby imitation of the real thing. But am I missing the point? Is my palate so provincial that it hasn't caught up with the changing tastes of the global coffee market? Because it appears that not only has Italian coffee been taken out of Italy, but the Italian is also being taken out of the coffee. The International Coffee Organization says that globally consumption has grown by nearly 42% since the beginning of this century. So we're drinking more of it than ever before, which explains the expansion of many coffee chains in the past few decades, but we're not drinking it in the Italian way. "I think a caricature of Italian espresso was what was exported," says award-winning barista James Hoffmann of London's Square Mile Coffee Roasters. He's part of a generation of highly-trained baristas driving innovation in the sector through more sophisticated espresso-based brews. "Global espresso culture is now a long way from what is considered traditional Italian espresso," Mr Hoffmann says. Coffee by numbers 8.5bn kilos of coffee is consumed globally every year 50% rise in global coffee production since 1990 Finland has the highest per capita coffee habit at 11.4kg Italians drink much less per year consuming 5.8kg In the UK we are relatively light coffee drinkers at 2.8kg You'd never, for example, ask for a latte in Italy. If you did, you'd get served a glass of milk. Neither would you ask for an espresso at a bar; "un caffe" is all you need to say. Coffee and espresso are synonymous in Italy. Then there's the Australian "flat white", a halfway house between a Starbucks-style latte (25-35ml espresso shot topped by large amount of hot milk) and a macchiato (25-35ml espresso shot and a drop of hot, usually foamy, milk). The "flat white" has gone global, so much so that recently it replaced the cappuccino on Starbucks' menu in some parts of the US. What's more, Italians don't lounge around in coffee shop armchairs sipping cappuccinos while browsing the internet. Instead they perch at the marble-topped counters of Italy's ubiquitous bars - not cafes - and throw back "un caffe" on the go. Still, when it comes to taste and brewing style, Italy is trying to reclaim ground. The Italian Espresso National Institute or INEI was set up to protect Italian-style coffee drinking. "International chains of cafes are spreading, calling the coffee they serve Italian espresso," writes INEI's chairman Luigi Zecchini on the organisation's website. But, "behind our espresso... there is a unique and unrepeatable culture." INEI is even offering certificates to those who do it the "right" (for that read: Italian) way. Are they fighting a losing battle? "Good roasting techniques and good cup-tasting protocols are becoming more and more international," says Jeremy Challender of London's Prufrock Coffee, another award-wining barista. You can hear him teaching me how to make the perfect cup of coffee if you click here. In any case, many top baristas also turn their noses up at what's served in branded coffee chains. Square Mile Coffee's Mr Hoffmann says it's all down to the way the beans are roasted. Many chains roast their coffee darker which gives it a bitter flavour. Roasting lighter can achieve a more complex taste, but get it wrong and the coffee tastes sour. "I think the theory is likely that consumers' tolerance for bitterness is higher than their tolerance for sourness," Mr Hoffman says."Hence the larger companies are erring on the side of caution." But it also comes down to the raw beans themselves, and on this front Italy doesn't fare as well as many speciality coffee shops outside of the country. Part of the problem is with the price of "un caffe". Most Italian bars will not charge more than one euro a cup. "Such a low ceiling means the raw coffees in Italy are generally a little more commoditised, and there isn't the option to purchase more high quality coffee," Mr Hoffmann adds. Italian flavour is held back too by the way the coffee is brewed. Bars there have a typical dose of around 7 grams of ground coffee per espresso, with very little variation. Speciality coffee shops will often use a lot more coffee - from 8 to 20 grams for a single espresso - yielding a more intense coffeeas a result. That may be, but I still think I'll be sticking to home-brewed coffee from my trusted moka machine. And I'll continue to drink it the Italian way. That means a short, sharp shot of espresso in the morning, perhaps even after dinner, but certainly no cappuccinos after 11am or any milk-based coffees after a meal. It doesn't agree with the digestion. Every Italian knows that. Manuela Saragosa is a presenter on The Food Chain on BBC World Service. You can still hear her programme about the globalisation of the coffee industry here.

स्टारबक्स हर जगह है, लेकिन इटली में नहीं।


In pictures: Bristol Zoo celebrates 180th anniversary

Summary: Items from a zoo's archive have been released to mark its 180th anniversary.

Bristol Zoo, which opened in 1836, has raided its archive to uncover films and photos. They include footage of children being taken for rides on Asian elephant Rosie - a resident at the zoo from 1938 until her death in 1961. The zoo said it believes many of the artefacts, which have been in storage for decades, have never been shown to the public before.

चिड़ियाघर की 180वीं वर्षगांठ को चिह्नित करने के लिए चिड़ियाघर के संग्रह से वस्तुओं को जारी किया गया है।


Joshua Harling stab death: Man, 19, in court charged with murder

Summary: A man has appeared in court charged with the murder of a 19-year-old who was found stabbed to death.

Joshua Harling, from Oxford, was found with a fatal chest wound in Chinnor Road, Thame, Oxfordshire, on Wednesday. Nathan Braim, 19, from Thame, appeared at Oxford Magistrates' Court and was remanded in custody to appear at the city's crown court on Wednesday. A man, 19, and 15-year-old boy who were arrested on suspicion of murder have been released on conditional bail.

चाकू मारकर हत्या किए गए 19 वर्षीय युवक की हत्या के आरोप में एक व्यक्ति अदालत में पेश हुआ है।


Aaron Shotton re-elected as Flintshire council leader

Summary: A councillor has been re-elected as leader of Flintshire council, following the local elections.

Aaron Shotton, who was first elected leader in May 2012, represents the Connah's Quay Central ward. The council saw Labour secure the most votes - 34 - at the elections earlier this month but the party failed to achieve a majority. Councillor Bernie Attridge has been re-elected deputy leader.

स्थानीय चुनावों के बाद एक पार्षद को फ्लिंटशायर परिषद के नेता के रूप में फिर से चुना गया है।


Analysis: Egypt suffers post-revolution blues

Summary: Three months after the popular uprising that forced President Hosni Mubarak from power, the BBC's Jeremy Bowen returns to Cairo, where the heady days of revolution have given way to old tensions and fresh concerns.

The new headquarters building of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood is a magnificent, freshly painted office block, adorned with its symbol of the Koran flanked by two curved swords. For anyone who visited the Brotherhood's pokey, shabby offices during the Mubarak days the place is a revelation. The Brotherhood has a new swagger. Outside the building were shiny, expensive cars belonging to some of the businessmen who back the Brotherhood. Inside, under golden chandeliers, sat elderly veterans of the Brotherhood's struggles on ornate sofas and armchairs, talking discreetly. Among them, holding court, was a former leader who spent 30 years in jail. Unusually for old men, they were discussing the future, not the past. One of the new facts of life in post-Mubarak Egypt is that so far, the Muslim Brothers are the revolution's biggest winners. "I am very optimistic," says Osam al-Shabini, one of the group's younger activists. "We are looking to build our country very fast, especially in the economic section and to share in all political activities in Egypt." Sectarian strife It is harder to find such optimism around the more secular protesters who were prominent in Tahrir Square during the 18 days in January and February that changed the Middle East profoundly. This week the preoccupation was a series of sectarian clashes between Coptic Christians and extremist Salafist Muslims that killed 12 people, injured more than 200 and left a church gutted by fire. Many fear that bloodshed between Muslims and Christians (who make up around 10% of the population) is just another symptom of discord in a society that is turning out to have even more serious problems than Egyptians expected. "Sectarian violence is one of the things that scare people about what happens next," said Dina Samak, Egypt editor of al-Ahram newspaper. "You can't have a safe transition to democracy if you have sectarian violence and Islamic political forces dominating the political scene." One of the bellwether moments of the revolution was when al-Ahram, the regime's mouthpiece, dropped the dictator and backed the protesters. The traffic outside the newspaper's towering, cavernous offices is worse than ever. Cairo's residents say that their fellow motorists are even less willing to follow the rules of the road than they were before. The police have never really returned to the streets, and those who are there are not respected or even feared. Poverty The sectarian clashes happened in Imbaba, one of the poorest parts of Cairo. It is a quarter dominated by 10-15 storey concrete tenements. Alleyways barely wide enough for a donkey cart run between them, and laundry festoons the concrete canyons. Like everywhere poor and overcrowded in Cairo, children play near piles of uncollected rubbish, bakers' boys on bikes balance great trays of bread on their heads and the place throbs with enough human energy to power the city if somehow it could be tapped. Life for Egypt's poor was never easy, but it has got harder since the revolution. Food prices have doubled. Unemployment for young people hovers around 30%. Many of those who have jobs are under employed and earn very little. The soldiers and riot police who were deployed in the area were jumpy. The military has been running Egypt since President Hosni Mubarak resigned. Diplomats here say senior officers worry that the army was not designed to run a country in flux. The pressures of being in power, they fear, might even split middle ranking officers from the generals. Impatience Outside Cairo's main television centre, on the corniche that runs along the Nile, Christian protesters were chanting slogans against Field Marshal Tantawi, who heads the army council that has the real power here now. "Tantawi, you're with the oppressors, not the oppressed," one chant went. The crowd was just a few hundred, but the chants reflect increasing concerns among veterans of the Tahrir Square protests about what happens next. "I am a little bit frustrated because the message that was sent from Tahrir Square - all of us uniting into one nation - is not being heard," says one protester, Fadi Phillip. The unexpected high of the triumph over the Mubarak regime has been followed by a crashing low. The reality of trying to build a new society is much harder than expected. But there is probably a bit too much impatience. It has been, after all, only three months since Mr Mubarak was forced out. It is only a matter of weeks since he and his sons were placed under arrest. Elections for a new parliament and a new president are going to be the best indication of the way that Egypt is going. The parliamentary elections, assuming they go ahead, are due for September. The presidential poll might not now happen before next year. The poll will be a test. Will the votes be fair? Will they happen at all? And will Egyptians, unused to an election that changes anything, be prepared to accept the results?

राष्ट्रपति होस्नी मुबारक को सत्ता से बेदखल करने वाले लोकप्रिय विद्रोह के तीन महीने बाद, बी. बी. सी. के जेरेमी बोवेन काहिरा लौटते हैं, जहाँ क्रांति के प्रमुख दिनों ने पुराने तनावों और नई चिंताओं को रास्ता दिया है।


Americans in the UK: 'It was a four-year soap opera'

Summary: "It felt like we were watching a soap opera."

By Manish PandeyNewsbeat reporter That's how Wade Crouch sums up the last four years of watching events in America unfold from the north of England. From a president who loved to tweet, to Black Lives Matter protests and a riot at the Capitol building - "it's been eventful", he says. The 27-year-old Texan now lives with his wife in Yorkshire. "I feel like I was protected from it by the Atlantic Ocean. It was literally shielding me," he tells Radio 1 Newsbeat. As the era of President Trump comes to an end and Joe Biden prepares to be sworn in, how do Americans in the UK reflect on one of the most dramatic periods in their country's history? Watching a divided America For Blake Robinson, it's been disappointing to see the level of division in the past four years. "It's really highlighted how people have felt about ethnic and minority issues in particular." Now living in London, she calls Washington DC her home town and says she's felt that divide through her own relationships. "I had so many friends that I never knew felt a certain way about issues. And it almost felt like they had no shame in acknowledging their bias." Blake, 27, blame Trump for empowering divisive voices. "He brought out this group of people that had never really had a voice before. And really bolstered this really awful sense of racial and prejudice bias." For Wade, the feeling of division can be seen in lots of issues, from dealing with coronavirus to politics. The presidential election suggests the US is a country very much divided - with Joe Biden and Donald Trump getting more than 70 million votes each. Wade says politicians only trying to appeal to their own supporters "keeps the temperature up" and encourages division. "It sets the tone of the conversation. And that's what keeps them from working together to find common ground because they don't need to. "The last four years have been exhausting to watch." Inspired by togetherness Wade feels it's easy to focus on the "more painful stories of division" from back home but says there have been some positives too. From the Black Lives Matter protests to the women's marches, he's found it "inspiring to see people come together" in difficult moments. "Americans believe things could be better. And they took to the streets, spoke their voices, and made their voices heard." Blake agrees and says minority communities felt like they'd had positive discussions. "You even see things on Netflix, they have the black voices section, so there's promotion of the arts and inclusion." 'An eye-opening time' For 23-year-old Maddie Norwood, the highlight of watching the last four years has been important issues around inequality becoming more openly talked about. With George Floyd's death and clashes in Charlottesville having an effect worldwide, "it's been a really eye-opening time for our nation". Originally from North Carolina and now in London, Maddie feels issues that were "buried under the surface are becoming looked at publicly". They didn't begin four years ago, Maddie says, "but people are finally becoming aware of just how deep these issues are in America". And she's pleased with how many more people have become politically engaged back home. "It's a positive thing for democracy. People who hadn't originally had been willing to talk about politics, have been willing to now." Looking ahead, Wade thinks the US is "at a turning point". He wants people in the US to become less hostile in its discussions so "society can become more compassionate for each other". "I think we first need to take the temperature down, and be able to look at someone with an opposing viewpoint not as the enemy, but as a neighbour who just has a different opinion." Wade looks at his own relationship with his father as a sign of progress. "We've now been able to see each other's differences and find somewhere in the middle and not look at each other's views with hostility." Blake is optimistic looking at the diversity in the incoming Biden presidency. "When you think of American politics, you tend to think of old white men. Including people that look different, have different backgrounds, ethnicities, stories and lineages is important. "Because that's truly a reflection of the American population." Maddie adds: "The next four years will hopefully be a time of the great divisions in our country slowly being healed." Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here.

"ऐसा लगा जैसे हम कोई सोप ओपेरा देख रहे हों।"


Call for Jersey hospital plans to consider green space

Summary: Green space needs to be protected when considering a new site for Jersey's hospital, a community group says.

Sites being considered include the People's Park and Overdale. Christian May, from the West of Town Community Association, said he didn't think People's Park was an appropriate option as it would mean the public losing important open space. A decision on where the new hospital will go is expected from the health minister in the new year. Politicians voted in 2013 to build a new hospital after the island's health authority argued the existing building was out of date and needed to be replaced.

एक सामुदायिक समूह का कहना है कि जर्सी के अस्पताल के लिए एक नई जगह पर विचार करते समय हरित स्थान को संरक्षित करने की आवश्यकता है।


Naples pizza-twirling gets Unesco world heritage status

Summary: Pizza has conquered the world, but the art of a "pizzaiuolo" - twirling the dough and baking it in a wood-fired brick oven - is less well known outside the Italian city of Naples.

That could now change after the UN's cultural body gave it world heritage status, which aims to raise awareness of traditions around the world. The pizzaiuolo craft has been handed down for generations, Unesco said, and encompasses the social ritual of songs, stories and gestures that takes place between pizza makers ("pizzaiuoli") and diners in working class Neapolitan neighbourhoods. Italy had argued that the practice was part of a unique cultural and gastronomic tradition. "Victory!" tweeted Maurizio Martina, Italy's minister for agriculture, food and forestry. "Another step towards the protection of Italy's food and wine heritage." Pizza-makers in Naples celebrated by handing out free pizza on the streets. Two million people had signed a petition to support the pizzaiuolo application, the Association of Neapolitan Pizzaiuoli head Sergio Miccu said. "After 250 years of waiting, pizza is humanity's heritage, its intangible heritage. Congratulations to Naples, congratulations!" pizza-maker Enzo Coccia told the BBC. 'Criminal' pineapple The traditional Neapolitan pizza has two classic versions. One is the Margherita with tomato, mozzarella, oil and basil, which has the same red white and green colours as the Italian flag and is believed to have been named after Italy's Queen Margherita of Savoy. The other is the Marinara, with tomato, garlic, oregano and oil. Locals profess bafflement at foreign topping innovations such as pineapple, which appears on the Hawaiian. "I think, and I hope, that this could be the chance to make foreigners understand how pizza is made, without Nutella or pineapple," Matteo Martino, a customer at a Naples pizza restaurant, told Reuters news agency. On Twitter Alex Iatoni from Bergamo in northern Italy said: "It's good that pizza has been recognised as UNESCO heritage. But now we must insert the pineapple in the list of crimes against humanity." Endangered traditions The pizzaiuolo craft was up against 33 other traditions seeking to join Unesco's list of "intangible heritage", set up in 2003. Others to be included are: The list already includes some food traditions, including Turkish coffee culture and the gingerbread craft of northern Croatia. Altogether it contains more than 350 traditions and crafts, ranging from better known practices such as Spanish flamenco dancing and Indonesian batik fabric making to more obscure items such as a Turkish oil wrestling festival and a Mongolian camel coaxing ritual. Unesco has also placed six traditions on its urgent safeguarding list, which means they will get support to prevent them disappearing. They were declining for reasons including the spread of technology and disdain for cultural practices among young people, Unesco said. The endangered traditions include a Turkish whistled language, which helped local people to communicate across long distances and rugged topography, that was under threat from mobile phone use. Other practices to receive resources include Botswana's Dikopelo folk music, songs about herding and milking from Colombia and Venezuela, Mongolian traditional worship, the Taskiwin martial dance from Morocco and traditional poetry recitals from the United Arab Emirates.

पिज्जा ने दुनिया पर विजय प्राप्त कर ली है, लेकिन "पिज्जाउओलो" की कला-आटे को घुमाना और इसे लकड़ी से चलने वाले ईंट के ओवन में पकाना-इटली के शहर नेपल्स के बाहर कम प्रसिद्ध है।


Lucian Freud: What has made his family so successful?

Summary: The art world has been mourning the death of Lucian Freud, arguably one of the UK's most highly regarded and respected artists. Lucian was not only a great artist but he came from a family which has excelled and continues to do so in many different professions.

By Rebecca CafeBBC News The most famous Freud was Sigmund, the figurehead of the family, and one of the great thinkers in modern history. As founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis, he created an entirely new approach to understanding - and treating - the unconscious mind. But since his death in 1939, his offspring to this day have carried on the family name to great heights in a variety of fields. In politics, David Freud - now Lord Freud - is the current parliamentary undersecretary of state for work and pensions, while Matthew Freud is an influential public relations chief who is married to Elisabeth Murdoch, daughter of media mogul Rupert. In the arts, Lucian Freud's heritage lives on with his daughters Bella and Esther, who are famed for being a highly-regarded fashion designer and novelist respectively. Another prominent family member no longer with us was Sir Clement, Sigmund's grandson who had a varied career as a culinary expert, humorist, columnist, broadcaster and Liberal MP. But the Freuds are not the only family whose achievements put the average family to shame. There is the Redgrave acting dynasty, headed by Michael, his children Vanessa, Corin and Lynn and grandchildren Jemma Redgrave and Natasha and Joely Richardson. In the US, political dynasties have become the norm - headed of course by the Kennedy and Bush families. But the Freuds are unusual in that their achievements are in such a wide range of fields. 'Golden child' According to Ivan Ward, deputy director of the Freud Museum, this may be because of the ideas first espoused by Sigmund Freud and his belief in independent thought as well as the importance of being told from an early age that you are special. Sigmund, who was Jewish, lived in Austria, which came under Nazi rule after being annexed by Germany in 1938. He, his wife and youngest daughter were forced to flee their Vienna home to London after being targeted by the Nazis. His four sisters, who stayed behind, later died in concentration camps. According to Mr Ward, the sense of conflict of living in opposition was something which inspired Sigmund's independence of thought. "The upheaval of having to leave Vienna, and the Holocaust where four of his sisters died in concentration camps - all those things would have had an impact," he said. "He was the oldest boy, and his mother used to call him the 'golden child', so there was a sense of being the favourite and the oldest boy in a Jewish family pushed him on to his achievements. "How it gets transmitted to following generations is hard to say." As a father, Sigmund was "tolerant and encouraged creativity and the ability to think", said Mr Ward. "Try and picture the scene of Freud with his children when they were small; he's trying to establish himself and he's struggling and working all hours.. it's hard to say he spent a lot of time with his children, he probably didn't. "But you get the feeling that when he did, he treated them with a seriousness and complexity that some people don't think about when it comes to relating to children." And in Sigmund's own words: "If a man has been his mother's undisputed darling, he retains throughout life the triumphant feeling; the confidence in success, which not seldom brings actual success along with it." 'Responsive genes' But do genetics play a role in a family's success? Marcus Pembrey, a professor of paediatric genetics at University College London, said that although genetics can influence things like intelligence, it does not do it directly. "Genetic differences between genes make them highly responsive to environment but whether this is a good thing depends on the environment," he said. "If it's one where there's underachievement then they will adopt that and achieve nothing, so it works for better and worse." He said the Freuds probably have genes which are highly responsive to the environment around them so as their family is full of people who have distinctive achievements, children in the early years of development pick up on this. Tim Spector, a professor of genetic epidemiology and director of the department of twin research at King's College in London, argues that genetics do have a role to play in success but not usually in the same profession. "Identical twins rarely succeed in the same fields," he said. "For success, you need a basic minimal IQ - which is 60% genetic - but also the environment which usually includes a role model and teacher or family to drive you. "You also need motivation and the will to practise hard from an early age. These traits are partly genetic but can be improved with training." According to family relationship therapist Julia Armstrong, the first seven years are key times in a person's development as things such as parents, friendships and schooling all have an impact. "If at that point a person is given the permission to shine, there is a natural expectation that life is going to offer opportunities. "We've all got the capacity to be whatever we want to be, and nature depends on that being encouraged, so if a child's preference or talent is recognised, then they are more likely to grow into their creative self." She said a child in a successful family can go in one of two directions - they can excel once they discover what their own talent may be, or they can feel the pressure and go the other way and not live up to expectations.

कला जगत लूसियन फ्रायड के निधन पर शोक व्यक्त कर रहा है, जो यकीनन ब्रिटेन के सबसे सम्मानित और सम्मानित कलाकारों में से एक हैं। लूसियन न केवल एक महान कलाकार थे, बल्कि वे एक ऐसे परिवार से आए थे जिसने कई अलग-अलग व्यवसायों में उत्कृष्ट प्रदर्शन किया है और ऐसा करना जारी रखा है।


A487 Pembrokeshire crash: Tributes after motorcyclist dies

Summary: Tributes have been paid to a motorcyclist who died after she was involved in a crash in Pembrokeshire.

Debbie Anne Rodgers, 41, died at the scene of the crash on the A487 at Felindre Farchog. Police said Ms Rodgers' Yamaha 125cc motorbike was involved in a collision with a Vauxhall Astra at about 15:50 GMT on Friday. Ms Rodgers' family said she was a "beautiful independent traveller" who was "always planning her next trip". Police have appealed for any witnesses to come forward.

पेम्ब्रोकेशायर में एक दुर्घटना में शामिल होने के बाद मारे गए एक मोटरसाइकिल सवार को श्रद्धांजलि दी गई है।


Craiginches prison in Aberdeen closes its doors ahead of HMP Grampian move

Summary: Aberdeen's Craiginches prison is closing its doors, with inmates moving to the new HMP Grampian in Peterhead.

Craiginches opened in the 19th Century but, along with Peterhead Prison, it is now closing to make way for the new modern facility. The Aberdeen jail witnessed the last man to be executed in Scotland. Henry "Harry" Burnett died at the hands of the hangman on 15 August 1963, for murder. Governor Audrey Mooney said: "The prison has had its day. "It goes out with a fantastic reputation but the buildings are very very old. "We need to move to a new facility."

एबरडीन की क्रेगिंच जेल अपने दरवाजे बंद कर रही है, कैदियों को पीटरहेड में नए एच. एम. पी. ग्रैम्पियन में स्थानांतरित किया जा रहा है।


Isle of Man mountain biker died from head and neck injuries

Summary: A cyclist who crashed during a mountain bike race on the Isle of Man suffered head and neck injuries, his inquest has been told.

Nigel Park fell off his bicycle near Ballacraine during the End2End Mountain Bike Challenge on 8 September. The painter and decorator from Glen Mona was pronounced dead at the emergency department of Noble's Hospital. Coroner Jayne Hughes said the 71-year-old had suffered "multiple injuries". Investigations into Mr Park's death were still ongoing, Mrs Hughes added. Adjourning the inquest, she passed her condolences to his family, who did not attend the hearing at Douglas Courthouse. Mr Park was a regular participant in the annual event, which takes competitors along a 47-mile (75km) route from the Point of Ayre at the island's most northern tip to Port Erin in the south.

आइल ऑफ मैन पर माउंटेन बाइक रेस के दौरान दुर्घटनाग्रस्त हुए एक साइकिल चालक के सिर और गर्दन में चोटें आई हैं।


Big Night Out returns to the Felixstowe Spa Pavilion

Summary: Mark Murphy is watching old Rolf Harris videos and Lesley Dolphin is taking tap dance lessons - it can only mean that the Big Night Out is coming back!

The Spa Pavilion in Felixstowe will once again be the venue for the evening of entertainment on 7 November. BBC Radio Suffolk staff, local talent and experienced professionals will all be donating their skills - with proceeds going to Children in Need. After appearing as Elvis and Benny Hill, Mark will turn his hand (or leg) to Rolf Harris's Jake the Peg sketch. Lesley has offered to learn to tap dance - with her first public appearance to be at the 900-capacity venue. Breakfast Show presenter Terry Baxter will compere the evening. More acts are being booked, but comedian Richard Whymark, the For One Night Only Orchestra and illusionist Great Sangrini have been confirmed. Tickets cost £12.50, with at least £10 going to Children in Need.

मार्क मर्फी रॉल्फ हैरिस के पुराने वीडियो देख रहे हैं और लेस्ली डॉल्फिन टैप डांस सीख रही है-इसका मतलब केवल यह हो सकता है कि बिग नाइट आउट वापस आ रहा है!


Man dies after fire breaks out in garage in Golspie

Summary: A man has died following a fire in a domestic garage in Sutherland.

Emergency services were alerted to the blaze in Golpsie's Main Street at about 17:40 on Friday. Scottish Fire and Rescue Service crews from Golspie, Dornoch and Helmsdale battled for more than three hours to bring the fire under control. The fire service and Police Scotland have begun an investigation into the cause of the blaze. Police said it was not believed to be suspicious.

सदरलैंड में एक घरेलू गैराज में आग लगने से एक व्यक्ति की मौत हो गई है।


Spain's jobless total holds steady

Summary: Spain's unemployment total remained at 4.7 million in August, government figures show, with the jobless figure dropping by just 31 people last month.

The tiny reduction means the jobless total has now fallen for six months in a row. Spain's unemployment rate is 26.3%, the second highest in the eurozone and only below Greece where the jobless rate is 27.6%. The eurozone's unemployment rate stood at 12.1% in July. The lowest rates of unemployment in the eurozone are in Germany, at 5,3%, and Austria, which has a jobless rate of 4.5%. While the eurozone as a whole emerged from recession in the second quarter of 2013, growing by 0.3%, Spain's economic output fell by 0.1% in the quarter.

सरकारी आंकड़ों से पता चलता है कि अगस्त में स्पेन की कुल बेरोजगारी 47 लाख रही, जिसमें पिछले महीने बेरोजगारों की संख्या में सिर्फ 31 लोगों की गिरावट आई।


The mums who took cocaine during play dates

Summary: Cocaine use in England and Wales is at a 10-year high, with middle-class users accused of fuelling the drugs trade. The Victoria Derbyshire programme met two mothers who described how their addiction affected their lives.

By Louis Lee RayVictoria Derbyshire programme "I would go around to friends' houses who were single mums," says "Suzie". "I'd have my baby in the carrier on the floor and I'd be sneaking up to the toilet to do a line. Or we'd be doing it on the kitchen side." Suzie had issues with cocaine addiction at university, but it spiralled when she felt out of her depth as a lonely new mother. Tired of living a secret life as an addict, the businesswoman decided to have another child believing pregnancy would force her to stop. But it didn't work. "I met up with my friend the evening before my 20-week scan and she was with a guy at the time who was a dealer, in effect. "He held my hand out and he put a rock of cocaine in my hand, and I was absolutely powerless to not do it. "I can remember the next day - when I was getting my scan and this baby is going absolutely nuts in my belly - just thinking to myself, 'I've done that to you". 'Lovely house' One of the UK's leading providers of private addiction treatment says it has seen a 128% increase in the number of cocaine addicts since 2015. Last year, UK Addiction Treatment (Ukat) treated 504 powder cocaine addicts, up from 221 four years ago. Meanwhile, NHS mental health admissions related to cocaine use have trebled in the last 10 years. "Jane," who became addicted to cocaine when she became a mother, says: "We had a lovely car, and house, mortgage, and three really well-brought up children." She and other school parents would arrange play dates during which they would use cocaine, twice a week. When she split up from her husband and had access to more money following their separation, her drug use took a more serious turn. "Before I know it, I'm bringing men home, using in the bedroom and sneaking them out, with my son asleep next door," she says. "Then six o'clock in the morning would come and I would be like, 'Oh my god, I've done it again'... the alarm going off, having to get my son to school. "Quite often, he would not go." For Suzie, life finally hit rock bottom. "I got several grams of pure cocaine and a couple of bottles of wine," she says. "I came home and basically shut myself in my bedroom and used the whole evening." The next morning she had a fit. "I had these paramedics in my bedroom and I can remember just sobbing my eyes out, saying, 'I want to die. Please just let me die'." She says she repeatedly tried to stop using, finally attending a private rehab centre. "I just threw myself into recovery," she says. "I slowly, slowly got better." "All those years I'd just been a burden to my family, now I was finally able to make a dent on repaying some of that." 'I would've died' Jane managed to quit with an addiction support group, influenced by witnessing the change being clean had on others. "They all had bright smiling faces. There were mums talking about how they're present for their kids, and I was like, 'I want that'." It came just in time - she says she realised she had not been looking after her children or home properly. "I think if I hadn't have stopped, my kids would've been taken away, or I would've died," she says. Ukat chief executive Eytan Alexander said cocaine was associated with having a good time, but in reality had the opposite effect. "It ruins lives, tears families and friends apart and for some, is a gateway to even more potent substances like crack and heroin," he said. "The perception of cocaine needs to change, and fast, to prevent this country from spiralling into a cocaine addiction crisis." Last year, Metropolitan Police Commissioner Cressida Dick criticised "hypocritical" middle-class cocaine users who cared about fair trade and organic food, but who, she said, were fuelling the drug trade - which in turn has been linked to child exploitation and trafficking. Home Secretary Sajid Javid agreed, saying such individuals "may never set foot in a deprived area, may never see an act of serious violence" but were "adding fuel to the fire" of rising knife crime on UK streets. 'I just didn't care' Jane is sceptical that such warnings would have made her stop using. "I've got some friends that used it very cautiously and felt guilty about it, but all of my guards just went and I just didn't care." Suzie agrees, saying she was "very aware" of the repercussions of her cocaine use, but that - when heavily addicted to the drug - she would not have been swayed. She does, however, hope the message gets through to casual users. "A bit of education around where this stuff actually comes from might make them think twice," she says. For information and support, visit the BBC's Action Line website. Follow the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme on Facebook and Twitter - and see more of our stories here.

इंग्लैंड और वेल्स में कोकीन का उपयोग 10 साल के उच्च स्तर पर है, मध्यम वर्ग के उपयोगकर्ताओं पर नशीली दवाओं के व्यापार को बढ़ावा देने का आरोप है। विक्टोरिया डर्बीशायर कार्यक्रम दो माताओं से मिला जिन्होंने बताया कि उनकी लत ने उनके जीवन को कैसे प्रभावित किया।


Coronavirus: Wuhan emerges from the harshest of lockdowns

Summary: For the first time in months, people have been allowed to leave the Chinese city of Wuhan, where the virus emerged before spreading across the world. The authorities have hailed this moment as a success - but residents had markedly different experiences of what is arguably the largest lockdown in human history.

By John SudworthBBC News, Beijing It took 76 days, but Wuhan's lockdown is now at an end. The highway tolls have reopened, and flights and train services are once again leaving the city. Residents - provided they're deemed virus free - can finally travel to other parts of China. "During the past two months, almost no-one was on the streets," delivery driver Jia Shengzhi tells me. "It made me feel sad." Wuhan has endured one of the most extensive and toughest set of quarantine restrictions on the planet. To begin with, people were allowed out to shop for food but by mid-February, nobody was allowed to leave their residential compounds. Delivery drivers became a vital lifeline. "We sometimes received phone calls from customers asking for help such as sending medicines to their ageing parents," Mr Jia says. As the head courier at one of e-commerce company JD.com's Wuhan delivery stations, he worried that such an order wouldn't reach the customer on time if sent via the normal method. "So, I rode on scooter, went to the pharmacy, picked up the medicine and took it to his father. " It's a story of pulling together in a crisis that would be music to the ears of the Chinese authorities. Anger as criticism muted But you don't have to look hard in Wuhan to find voices that are not quite so on message. "The cover-up by small group of Wuhan officials led to my father's death. I need an apology," Zhang Hai tells me, before adding: "And I need compensation." His 76-year-old father, Zhang Lifa, died of Covid-19 on 1 February, having contracted the virus in a Wuhan hospital during routine surgery for a broken leg. "I feel very angry about it," Mr Zhang says, "and I believe other victims' families are angry too." In the early days of the outbreak, officials silenced doctors in the city who voiced concerns about the spread of the virus. But Mr Zhang is particularly angry that, even today, the authorities still appear to be trying to mute criticism of their actions. Before he could pick up his father's ashes, he says he was told that officials had to accompany him throughout the whole procedure. "If we were allowed to go unaccompanied then the families would be able meet, discuss it together and ask for an official explanation," he says. "We also used to have a WeChat group for victims' families, but the police disbanded the group and the organiser was taken to the police station." Mr Zhang has refused to collect his father's ashes and says he'll do it, alone, at a later date. "Collecting his ashes is a very private thing, it's a family thing, I don't want other people to be with me," he says. 'Do not blame our government' Mr Jia, the delivery driver, says none of his family or friends became infected by the virus. It's a testament to the effectiveness of the lockdown which, despite doubts over the accuracy of the official figures, has undoubtedly slowed the infection rate dramatically. Over the past few weeks, some of the restrictions inside Wuhan have been slowly relaxed with some people being allowed out of their residential compounds and businesses beginning to reopen. Now the final step has been taken and Wuhan's transport links to China have been restored. But although there's evidence that there may be other ways to contain the spread of infection other than harsh lockdowns, both men believe China is on the right path. "Generally speaking we have won, but we can't become complacent," Mr Jia says. "All citizens should continue to protect themselves by wearing masks, taking their temperatures, scanning the mobile health code apps, always washing hands and avoiding gatherings." In the balance between containing the epidemic and restarting the economy, the risk of another spike in infections remains. Mr Zhang, who blames local officials for his father's death, insists he has no axe to grind with the national government. Foreign governments though, he insists, are not free from blame. "Westerners cannot blame our government for their severe death toll," he says. "They didn't want to wear masks at the beginning dues to their habits... they have a different set of beliefs and a different ideology from us."

महीनों में पहली बार, लोगों को चीनी शहर वूहान छोड़ने की अनुमति दी गई है, जहां वायरस दुनिया भर में फैलने से पहले उभरा था। अधिकारियों ने इस पल को एक सफलता के रूप में सराहा है-लेकिन निवासियों को मानव इतिहास में सबसे बड़े लॉकडाउन के बारे में स्पष्ट रूप से अलग अनुभव थे।


All quiet on estate, two years after vigilante murder

Summary: After a police officer and a community support officer were convicted of misconduct in a public office over their response to a disabled man's calls for help, what is life like on the Bristol estate where he was beaten to death, two years on?

By Dickon HooperBBC News Bristol It's quiet on Capgrave Crescent in Brislington, Bristol when I visit on a wet November morning. The flat where Bijan Ebrahimi lived has another tenant now and there is nothing to indicate it was the scene of an horrific crime in July 2013. Iranian-born Mr Ebrahimi was hounded by a mob who gathered outside his ground-floor council flat, chanting abuse, after wrongly branding him as a paedophile. But police called to the scene arrested him instead, while the mob cheered. Days later, he was beaten to death and set alight by a neighbour, Lee James. Mr Ebrahimi's family say he had been the victim of racism and he had been "let down" by the police for years. Two years on and workmen hoist scaffolding on the three blocks of flats which flank the small green space where Mr Ebrahimi was attacked. There's no sign of the residents when I visit. Many do not answer the door when I knock. 'Up to no good' Those that do, do not wish to be interviewed on camera. Two women tell me Capgrave Crescent is "a friendly place" and what happened to Mr Ebrahimi "could happen anywhere". But others paint a picture of anti-social behaviour and drug use. "Ninety per cent of people won't answer the door to you, they are up to no good," one man says. "There's a lot of drugs and burglary here." Another man from the wider area told me that, like Mr Ebrahimi, he had also been abused - for being different. He said police were "not interested". "It's very rough here, there's drugs everywhere," he said. "You find needles in the kids' play area and dog foul everywhere. People don't care about this area anymore," he said. "After the Ebrahimi death, things have just spiralled down to even worse situations because people think they can get away with stuff." Bristol East MP Kerry McCarthy said the man's story "reflects what I've heard from other people about life on that estate". "There are very clearly major problems - they've been going on long before the Bijan Ebrahimi murder and it's a constant battle - obviously the police are stretched, the council are stretched - trying to get the attention of the authorities to do something about it." 'Significant impact' Alex Raikes, from anti-racism charity SARI, said Mr Ebrahimi had dealt with racial harassment "by a large number of people in his neighbourhood" for years. She said: "There were other people suffering in his area who have been too frightened to come forward. Bijan was one of those brave, courageous people that said: 'I'm not going to suffer in silence, I'm going to tell people what's happening. I want justice, I want these people to be dealt with." Avon and Somerset Police and Bristol City Council say the area has been given priority, with weekly meetings try to identify problems and address underlying tensions. They say the man we spoke to was being supported and was a priority for rehousing. Insp Nigel Colston, who is in charge of neighbourhood policing for south Bristol, said Mr Ebrahimi's murder had had a "significant impact on people" in the area. The police's challenge, he said, was to "make sure that people continue to feel safe" with officers working together with those in the neighbourhood. "Brislington is no worse than many other parts of south Bristol," he said. "Yes it has occasional issues... sometimes people's perceptions of what is going on are far worse than what is actually going on." Brislington East is not the most deprived ward in Bristol by some way, it ranked 22nd most deprived out of 35 wards in 2015. Neighbourhood crime statistics suggest anti-social behaviour is still the most frequently reported crime - 254 times in the year to October 2015, 16 of which were on Capgrave Crescent and Capgrave Close. It is not vastly better or worse than surrounding neighbourhoods. But violent crime is up 45% this year, compared to the previous 12 months and concerns have been raised about the closure of Brislington Police Station - just around the corner from Capgrave Crescent - following budget cuts. Councillor Mike Wollacott said media focus on the estate had been difficult for residents, who were "trying to put it behind them". "It was a shock for the whole community. But they shouldn't be defined by that. It was one individual who was particularly volatile who created that situation." Additional reporting by Emma Griffiths.

एक पुलिस अधिकारी और एक सामुदायिक सहायता अधिकारी को एक विकलांग व्यक्ति की मदद के लिए कॉल पर उनकी प्रतिक्रिया पर एक सार्वजनिक कार्यालय में कदाचार का दोषी ठहराए जाने के बाद, ब्रिस्टल एस्टेट पर जीवन कैसा है, जहां दो साल बाद उन्हें पीट-पीटकर मार दिया गया था?


General election 2017: Proxy and postal votes up

Summary: The latest Electoral Office statistics show a marked increase in the issue of proxy and postal votes for the Westminster election in Northern Ireland.

By Mark DevenportBBC News NI Political Editor 11,707 proxy votes have been issued - that is 1,787 up from the 9,920 proxies appointed for the March assembly election. 23,682 postal votes have been issued - up from the 19,670 sent out in March. Fermanagh South Tyrone tops the table for both proxy and postal votes issued. 1,707 proxy votes and 2,981 postal votes have been issued in the constituency. Other constituencies with high levels of applications include Mid Ulster and West Tyrone which are especially high for postal votes, and Newry and Armagh and Foyle which are high for proxy votes.

नवीनतम निर्वाचन कार्यालय के आंकड़े उत्तरी आयरलैंड में वेस्टमिंस्टर चुनाव के लिए छद्म और डाक मतों के मुद्दे में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि दर्शाते हैं।


Clocaenog Forest: 'About 100' attend rave

Summary: Police called to reports of a rave in a forest found up to 100 people there.

North Wales Police said it visited Clocaenog Forest near Ruthin, several times on Saturday and Sunday and officers monitored the situation to stop it getting bigger. There were no arrests and attempts were being made to identify the organisers, it said. The 15,000 acre (6,000 hectare) forest lies in Conwy and Denbighshire and is home to a red squirrel population.

पुलिस ने एक जंगल में एक रेव की रिपोर्ट के लिए फोन किया, जिसमें 100 लोग पाए गए।


Brexit: Is winning Commons vote really an impossible task?

Summary: If you'd listened only to question after question in the Commons on Monday afternoon, protesting loud and long at the prime minister's compromise, you might wonder why she just doesn't pack up and go home.

Laura KuenssbergPolitical editor@bbclaurakon Twitter How on earth can Mrs May turn round the wave of resistance? Has she finally met her impossible task? In private, many MPs are even more caustic about this compromise deal getting through than they are in public - and that's saying something. And among the number of the sceptics are plenty of ministers too. Whether they are ministers who think the plan will fall and are then willing to resign and then push for staying in the EU's single market and customs union... ....or whether they are Brexiteers in government who think Theresa May's made her own rotten luck by sticking too close to the EU... ...or even members of another group - those who look at the deal and think it's a grim, but realistic compromise, but then look at the numbers and think it just can't pass. But while there might be fewer of them, there are still some brave souls in government who think there is a chance the deal can pass. That's why the PM will be spending every day for the next fortnight determinedly arguing for the deal, and putting the case again and again. And then, yes, again: that in her view this deal is the only show in town. And while MPs, certainly her supporters, might have grimaced at the torrent of criticism this afternoon, there is no sense at all at this stage that the prime minister has any intention of moving away from her position. In fact, as the days get more desperate, in some of her public appearances and press conferences, she seems strangely more at ease, joking about forgetting journalists' names. Maybe, at long last, she has been able to settle on a simple Brexit message that she is actually comfortable with: in her view it's this deal or disaster. And having manoeuvred herself into this position, she has no choice but to keep going. Her political fate rests on whether she can pass the deal. The stability of her government and, she would argue, the country too. 'Ruthless management' And everything about her track record tells us, as her colleagues privately confirm, the prime minister's style is to be stubborn and unbending; a weakness as well as a strength. Along with what will undoubtedly be ruthless management of Tory MPs, No 10's plan is to relentlessly and publicly use the fear of the unknown - worries about political chaos - to bring colleagues into line. It may work. It may well not. But Theresa May will not fail because she didn't try. We know now the vote that will make history takes place on 11 December. We may not know until that very moment which way it will go.

यदि आपने प्रधान मंत्री के समझौते पर जोर से और लंबे समय तक विरोध करते हुए सोमवार दोपहर को कॉमन्स में केवल एक के बाद एक सवाल सुने हैं, तो आपको आश्चर्य हो सकता है कि वह क्यों नहीं पैक करती है और घर नहीं जाती है।


Boy, 16, serious after being shot in leg in Sheffield

Summary: A teenager has been shot in the leg in Sheffield.

Emergency services were called to Spital Lane at 00:10 BST and found a 16-year-old boy with a gunshot wound. He was taken to hospital where he remains in a "serious but stable condition". A large cordon remains in place at the scene as detectives investigate. South Yorkshire Police has urged witnesses and anyone with information to contact the force. Follow BBC Yorkshire on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to yorkslincs.news@bbc.co.uk.

शेफील्ड में एक किशोर के पैर में गोली लगी है।


Cyclist killed in crash with car in Brampton

Summary: A cyclist has died in a crash with a car.

Greg Cameron, 51, from Brampton, was in collision with a grey Nissan Almera at the junction between Main Street and Front Street in the town. Cumbria Police is appealing for witnesses to the crash, which happened at about 10:15 BST on 27 August. Officers are especially keen to speak to a pedestrian who saw the crash but left towards Front Street before leaving her details. Follow BBC North East & Cumbria on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Send your story ideas to northeastandcumbria@bbc.co.uk.

कार की चपेट में आने से साइकिल सवार की मौत हो गई है।


Shangri-La dialogue: China's rising power in spotlight

Summary: Late May in Singapore. The United States' newest warship - the USS Freedom - is tied up alongside at the Changi Naval Base and defence ministers from around the region are heading for the opulent Shangri-La Hotel. The region's only annual security forum - the Shangri-La Dialogue organised by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) - is back in town.

By Jonathan MarcusBBC defence correspondent It gets under way after a year that has seen not just growing maritime tensions but also unanswered questions about the future of some of the key relationships in the region, not least the all-encompassing strategic encounter between the United States and a rising China. The Director General and Chief Executive of the IISS, John Chipman, told me that such tensions were becoming all too frequent. "Every year seems to produce an awful lot of tension in the Asia-Pacific," he says. "Certainly in the last four or five years, we have been confronted by North Korean missile tests or launches and all sorts of controversy over the South China Sea - the East China Sea this year has been particularly busy," he notes. "So the Shangri-La Dialogue offers an opportunity," he argues, "to pause the button for a moment and have all the defence ministers of the region and those who have a stake in Asia-Pacific security to discuss what the problems are and how they might begin to address them more effectively. "We started this dialogue in 2002," he explains, "because there was no place where defence ministers of the Asia-Pacific region could meet." The Shangri-La Dialogue, he insists, "is always there to stretch the envelope to ensure that as many countries who have a stake in Asian-Pacific security do meet at least once a year". Maritime tensions, territorial disputes in Asia's contested waters and unease at a more robust and assertive China will all figure as part of the debate. So, too, will charges of Chinese hacking raised most recently in the United States and Australia. An expert meeting on cyber-security is one of the few sessions that will be strictly off the record. The Dialogue will see a host of bilateral ministerial meetings in the margins of the conference. 'Re-balancing' The new US Defence Secretary Chuck Hagel - who had a key role in backing the establishment of the dialogue over 10 years ago - will hold trilateral meetings with the defence ministers of South Korea and Japan, and separately with Australia and Japan. Secretary Hagel will also be visiting the USS Freedom - a ship which symbolises Washington's pivot or re-balancing towards the Asia-Pacific, after more than a decade of wars focused upon Iraq and Afghanistan. The Freedom is the first of a new class of vessel - controversial because it has had so many teething problems - but nonetheless a sign of where US naval power is heading. It's a ship that can operate for extended periods away from its home port - the Freedom will be in Singapore for some 10 months. It is small and agile, intended to carry out a range of functions, from surface warfare to mine-counter-measures and anti-submarine warfare. Its shallow draft enables it to operate close to shore, hence its name: the Littoral Combat ship. It's a vessel intended to operate alongside the ships of Washington's allies in the region. US spokesmen insist that the re-balancing towards Asia has a diplomatic and economic aspect every bit as important as its military dimension. But it is the military side that has caught Beijing's attention. It is increasingly concerned by the "pivot" which many Chinese analysts see as a thinly-disguised attempt to contain China's rising power. 'Mutual suspicions' When President Xi Jinping of China heads to California next week for a summit with his US counterpart, he will be looking for a new strategic relationship with Washington. By this, the Chinese mean a willingness on the part of the US to accept China's growing regional role. China will also be represented here at the Shangri-La Dialogue, not by its defence minister, but by the deputy chief of Staff of the Peoples' Liberation Army, Lieutenant General Qi Jianguo (a man who, John Chipman of the IISS is quick to point out, has ministerial status in the Chinese system. He also happens to be China's head of military intelligence). China, the IISS director general told me, says that it "values the Shangri-La dialogue as independent, fair and open". "The IISS," he notes, perhaps a little mischievously, "looks forward to the day when the chairman of the Central Military Commission, that is to say, the Chinese president, might deliver the keynote address here." While insisting that it wants more co-operation with Beijing, there is no sign that the White House is willing to give up its position as the dominant military player in the Asia-Pacific. Analysts fear that mutual suspicions between the US and China risk stoking tensions in a region which, at times, already resembles a maritime tinder box.

सिंगापुर में मई के अंत में। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका का सबसे नया युद्धपोत-यूएसएस फ्रीडम-चांगी नौसेना अड्डे पर साथ में बंधा हुआ है और पूरे क्षेत्र के रक्षा मंत्री भव्य शांगरी-ला होटल की ओर बढ़ रहे हैं। क्षेत्र का एकमात्र वार्षिक सुरक्षा मंच-इंटरनेशनल इंस्टीट्यूट फॉर स्ट्रैटेजिक स्टडीज (आईआईएसएस) द्वारा आयोजित शांगरी-ला डायलॉग-शहर में वापस आ गया है।


A470 limousine fall boy released from hospital

Summary: A boy who fell from a moving limousine in Powys has been released from hospital after receiving treatment.

He was taken to Princess Royal Hospital in Telford, Shropshire, following the incident at 13:15 BST on Saturday on the A470 between Caersws and Carno. The Welsh Ambulance Service said the boy had "non-life threatening injuries" following his fall from the Rolls Royce limousine. He was released from hospital on Sunday afternoon.

पॉव्स में चलती लिमोज़िन से गिरने वाले एक लड़के को इलाज के बाद अस्पताल से छुट्टी दे दी गई है।


Unprecedented bid to avert London Olympics bus strike

Summary: It was as sudden as it was unexpected.

Tom EdwardsTransport correspondent, London@BBCTomEdwardson Twitter Today London Mayor Boris Johnson announced an extra £8.3m would be given to the bus companies if they sorted out the £500 Olympics bonus dispute with their drivers. I have watched strikes for years and they normally follow a set pattern. This was something unprecedented. The mayor has intervened. Not directly in the dispute, but he's put his oar into the murky waters of the deal itself. He has persuaded the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) to part with more money to grease the wheels. Just last week Olympics minister Hugh Robertson said the contingency could not be used for industrial disputes. It seems there has been a change of heart. What I have been told is Transport for London (TfL) approached other mode operators including Serco on the DLR many months ago about the cost of running extra services during the Games. TfL asked the ODA for £93m. But insiders say bus companies didn't think there would be an extra cost for the services they'd have to put on. That seems incredible considering the Unite union has been talking about the £500 driver bonus for months. Either the bus companies did not take the threat seriously, or they did not have adequate planning, or they chose to ignore it or thought TfL would sort it out. None of the options leaves them covered in glory. So what now? Will it be enough? Are the unions on the back foot now? What will the train companies think considering some of them have forked out on bonus deals from their own coffers? Certainly now TfL and the mayor have intervened in this way, the unions will want them to be even more involved. Is there time to avert the strike? At the moment it's still on. Let me know your thoughts.

यह उतना ही अचानक था जितना कि अप्रत्याशित था।


'Dangerous' pavements in Surrey to get £20m repairs

Summary: More than 200 miles of broken pavements are to be repaired across Surrey as part of a multi-million pound revamp of the county's footpaths.

Surrey County Council has allocated £20m for the repairs, which will be carried out over six years. It has prioritised footpaths outside schools, hospitals and shopping centres. Cabinet member for highways John Furey said some paths are "dangerous" and inaccessible to disabled people. Pavements listed for early repairs include Southway in Guildford, Godstone Road in Caterham, Windfield in Leatherhead and Banstead Road in Ewell. The authority said some paths would be smoothed over, while the worst would be "torn up and reconstructed from scratch".

काउंटी के फुटपाथ के कई मिलियन पाउंड के सुधार के हिस्से के रूप में सरे में 200 मील से अधिक टूटे हुए फुटपाथ की मरम्मत की जानी है।


Housing crisis: The 59-year-old woman who lives in a van

Summary: "I don't want to live like this, no-one should live like this - but I don't have any options," says Polly Richardson who finds herself at the sharp end of the lack of affordable homes in England.

By Michael BuchananSocial affairs correspondent, BBC News For more than a year, she has lived out of a small camper van. "This is my home. I've two sets of clothes in a box. I've got my cups and saucers in this drawer, my pans under this bed, and I have a little camping cooker. "Winter time was horrendous because there was no heating." The 59-year-old grandmother of four from East Yorkshire is one of half-a-million households that aren't even counted as waiting for a council or housing association property, according to the National Housing Federation. New research commissioned by the Federation from Heriot-Watt University says the real number of people in England waiting for such homes is 3.8 million, representing 1.6 million households, or 500,000 more than is indicated by official government data. "I've got belongings in people's garages," says Polly. She spent years working as a retail manager but after taking time off to look after her sick father, and then having a big argument with her sister, she found herself being forced to move into the van in March 2019. "Without a job, you can't have a house. Without a house, they won't give you a job. I'm hoping somebody out there will give me a job," she says. The National Housing Federation say 90,000 homes for social rent need to be built each year for the next decade to meet demand but, according to official figures, just 6,338 such homes were completed in 2018-19, down 84% since 2010-11. The main advantage of social housing - where either the local council or a housing association are the landlord - is that it's more affordable than private rented accommodation, typically around 50% of market rents, and usually offers a more secure tenancy. "What we are seeing is an escalating need for social housing and a lack of supply," says Kate Henderson, chief executive of the National Housing Federation. "Investing in social housing would boost the economy, it would create thousands of jobs, it would support supply chains in the construction industry and it would provide better, more secure, safe housing for people in need." The lack of suitable properties leaves large numbers of families living in overcrowded accommodation. Abigail McManus, a 27-year-old single mother lives in a two-bedroom flat in Leeds with her three young children - two daughters aged six and two and a little boy who's five months old. Leaving her house is a daily grind as she struggles to manoeuvre her double buggy down the stairs. Abigail has been bidding weekly for a three-bedroomed ground floor property for years, without success. She says the council are encouraging her to search further afield to increase her chances being allocated somewhere suitable to live. But she says: "My whole family live on this estate, so I'd like to try and stay as close as possible. "As a single parent, who doesn't drive, it would be hard for me to get anywhere and I'd feel more isolated than I already do, if I move too far from this area." When she was prime minister, Theresa May altered the way in which councils could use funding to allow them to build more homes. Her government predicted the change would lead to 10,000 new council houses each year, a figure that hasn't been reached since 2013-14. While local authorities believe building that number is possible, experts say the pandemic could create problems in the construction industry. The Ministry of Housing said it "didn't recognise" the figures in the new analysis carried out by the National Housing Federation, describing them as a "major overestimation". It also highlighted its £11.5bn investment in affordable homes, to be spent between 2021 and 2026, some of which will be used on building homes for social rent.

"मैं इस तरह नहीं जीना चाहती, किसी को भी इस तरह नहीं रहना चाहिए-लेकिन मेरे पास कोई विकल्प नहीं है", पोली रिचर्डसन कहती हैं, जो खुद को इंग्लैंड में किफायती घरों की कमी के चरम पर पाती हैं।


Cannabis farm worth £168,000 found in Hartlepool

Summary: A cannabis farm with 200 plants worth about £168,000 has been found by police.

Cleveland Police said officers discovered the farm on Lancaster Road in Hartlepool on Thursday following a report of suspicious activity. A force spokeswoman said two men aged 34 and 53 were arrested on suspicion of production of a class B drug. Det Con Mark Coverdale encouraged members of the public with information about drugs to contact police. He said: "We will act upon it."

पुलिस को लगभग 168,000 पाउंड मूल्य के 200 पौधों वाला एक भांग का खेत मिला है।