Ethiopia's Tigray Crisis: Why Nobel laureate Abiy Ahmed sent his troops to battle

Summary: "War makes for bitter men. Heartless and savage men," Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said when he received the Nobel Peace Prize less than a year ago - only for him to now wage a military operation in his own country.

By Farouk ChothiaBBC News Over about a three-week period, his troops fought their way through Tigray, right up in the north of Ethiopia, to oust the region's ruling party, the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), accusing it of attacking a federal military base. A former guerrilla movement which first rose to power in 1991, Tigray was the last political bastion of the TPLF after it lost control of the federal government to Mr Abiy in 2018. Mr Abiy became prime minister with popular support, introducing sweeping reforms to end the repression and corruption that Ethiopia had seen when the TPLF dominated the national political scene for more than 25 years. Police warn Nobel laureate's nominee Believing that it was the patriotic duty of all Ethiopians to rally behind their prime minister's 4 November call to oust the "junta" from its remaining stronghold after its dramatic military manoeuvre, federal officials tolerated little criticism of their "law and enforcement operation", targeting even the UK-based academic who was among those who nominated Mr Abiy for the Nobel prize. A senior law lecturer at England's Keele University, Awol Allo said he learned through reports on Ethiopia's state broadcaster that police had accused him of "using international media to destroy the country" - a reference to the columns he writes and the interviews he grants to the likes of Al Jazeera and the BBC. "At this point I am not aware of an arrest warrant, but going back to Ethiopia will carry a significant risk," Mr Awol told the BBC. "There is no distinction between Abiy's regime and the previous regime as far as their treatment of dissent and opposition is concerned. It is classic Ethiopia - where the legal system is used as an instrument to discredit and silence opponents of the regime and individuals who hold critical views." 'Tigray oligarchy' The Geneva-based head of the World Health Organization, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, was not spared either. Having previously served in the TPLF-led government, he was accused by Mr Abiy's army chief of trying to procure weapons for the party. Rejecting the allegation, Dr Tedros said: "My heart breaks for my home, Ethiopia, and I call on all parties to work for peace and to ensure the safety of civilians and access for health and humanitarian assistance." Defending the government, Menychle Meseret, an academic at Ethiopia's University of Gondar, said only those suspected to have direct or indirect links with the TPLF "oligarchy" were targeted. "Since Mr Abiy became prime minister, 264 websites have been unblocked. So what has happened now is not an overall reflection of the state of democracy in Ethiopia. There was a threat to the country. The TPLF carried out a pre-emptive strike on the Northern Command of the military - no country can tolerate that," he said. Mr Awol said the issue was not who fired the first shot, but the fact that Mr Abiy had rebuffed calls for mediation, including from the African Union (AU) that is headquartered in his own country. "What you need is a government that rules with far more patience, tolerance, and gives peace and mediation a chance. Instead, both were preparing for war. "Abiy removed the TPLF from the cabinet [in 2019]. He then postponed elections. The TPLF then went ahead with an election in Tigray. They said they don't recognise him [as prime minister]. He said he doesn't recognise them, and that is what led to the war," Mr Awol said. The government says the nationwide elections were postponed because of coronavirus restrictions, although Mr Abiy's critics accuse him of using it as an excuse to illegally extend his time in power, while neither he nor his new party had faced the electorate. For former Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, foreign mediation was out of the question as it tended to lead to "peace deals that often crumble as soon as they have been signed", while "rogue actors are rewarded for instigating violence" rather than facing justice. But for Mr Abiy's critics, there is little justice in Ethiopia - only repression. "Back in July there were about 10,000 people in prison. And the number is probably even higher now because of the war in Tigray," Mr Awol said. Expressing a similar view, United States Institute for Peace senior adviser Payton Knopf said: "The political space has closed again. Every prominent opposition figure is in jail, and Lemma Megersa - who was instrumental in Mr Abiy becoming prime minister in 2018 - is under house arrest." Offering a different perspective, Mr Menychle said that Mr Abiy had ended authoritarian rule. "He unbanned political parties. He improved the prison system. He allowed people to return from exile. The problem was that some of the politicians began to fuel violence because of their ethnocentric agenda. "At one rally, a young man was killed and hung on a stick. You can't have that. In 2018, there were about 1.8 million internally displaced people, the highest in Africa. This was endangering the country," Mr Menychle said. Abiy - the new emperor? He added that at the heart of the myriad conflicts was the "ethnic federalism" that the TPLF had introduced when it took power in 1991 by creating regions along ethnic lines. "Ethnic federalism has been the source of our misery. It has made ethnic groups believe that they have their own areas, and if you come from a different ethnic group you can't live there. You are chased out, burnt, killed," Mr Menychle said. For Mr Abiy's critics, the abolition of ethnic federalism would herald a return to the time of "imperial rule", when emperors - from Menelik II to Haile Selaisse - forced other communities to "assimilate" into their Amhara culture, though many Amharas deny they did this. "Mr Abiy's vision looks more and more like that of Ethiopia's traditional power structure, which revolves around Amharas and highly assimilated Oromos like himself," said Faisal Roble from the US-based Institute for Horn of Africa Studies and Affairs. "He praises Menelik II. He rebuilt his palace. He says he wants to make Ethiopia great again. But the Ethiopia that he romanticises is the one marginalised ethnic groups hate. The emperor he considers a great hero, others consider as their enslaver and conqueror," Mr Faisal added. 'Let's stop the massacres' These fears, Mr Faisal argued, were compounded by Mr Abiy's decision to form the Prosperity Party (PP) last year, which replaced the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) - a coalition of four ethnically-based parties - that had governed the country since 1991, and had put him in office in 2018. He said that previously the EPRDF only governed four of Ethiopia's 10 regions. By creating a new party, Mr Abiy extended control over the whole country - except Tigray. "With this war, he has now also taken control of it [Tigray]," Mr Faisal added. "What people were expecting from Abiy when he took office was the opposite - political pluralism, and greater recognition of the cultural and linguistic rights of the nations and nationalities that make up Ethiopia. But he prefers a unitary system of government, not a federal system." More on the Tigray crisis: For Mr Menychle, the prime minister was neither a threat to political pluralism nor to any ethnic group. "Unity does not mean that you will have to lose or hide the ethnic identity that has been around for thousands of years. All Mr Abiy is saying is: 'Let's move away from the situation where each politician thinks of his own ethnic group. Let's stop the massacres. Let's think of our country, Ethiopia, and let's live in harmony, as brothers and sisters.' "The PP has the prospect of doing that. It even brings together ethnic groups that were marginalised by the EPRDF, like Somalis," Mr Menychle said. With Ethiopia heavily polarised, Mr Knopf said the government needed to put in place "mechanisms to channel political grievances". "There is no blueprint for carrying the country into something new. You need discourse in an organised fashion, but you can't have that when political leaders are in jail," he said. Expressing a similar view, Mr Awol said: "Transitions have to be inclusive. They can't be dictated by one party. Mr Abiy has centralised power. He wants to be the individual from whom power springs." Key facts: Abiy Ahmed Mr Abiy received the Nobel prize partly because of his efforts to democratise Ethiopia, but primarily for the peace deal he reached with Eritrea's President Isaias Akwerki to finally end the two countries' 1998-2000 border war. Expressing the view that Mr Abiy had been "prematurely" given the prize, Mr Knopf said: "Border crossings opened for a while, and then shut again. There was no written document on the terms of the peace agreement. There was a private understanding [between Mr and Mr Afwerki]. That is not how peace is sustained." Nobel prize a 'double-edged sword' Another US-based Ethiopia analyst, Alex De Waal, said the Abiy-Afwerki peace deal now looks more like a "security pact" to defeat the TPLF in Tigray. "Eritrea had a major role in the war. There are reports that there were 20 brigades of Eritrean troops in Tigray. Ethiopian troops also withdrew to Eritrea," he said, although both governments denied that Eritrean forces entered Tigray. So does Mr Awol regret nominating Mr Abiy for the prize? "If I had known then what I know now I wouldn't have. But it is a double-edged sword. The Nobel prize gives you political capital, but it can also be a liability if you become known as the Nobel laureate who waged war."

इथियोपिया के प्रधान मंत्री अबी अहमद ने एक साल से भी कम समय पहले जब उन्हें नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार मिला था, तो उन्होंने कहा था, "युद्ध कड़वे लोगों के लिए होता है। निर्दयी और क्रूर लोग"-केवल अब उनके लिए अपने ही देश में एक सैन्य अभियान चलाने के लिए।


Woman injured in liquid attack in Lowestoft

Summary: A woman in her 20s suffered injuries to her face and neck when a "corrosive" liquid was thrown at her.

Part of London Road South, Lowestoft, was cordoned off following the attack shortly before 08:30 BST. The woman, who has not been named, was taken to hospital for treatment. A 38-year-old man was arrested at 10:35 after a search involving a police helicopter. Police said the substance was believed to have been of a "corrosive nature". A Suffolk Police spokesman said: "The area will need to remain cordoned off in order to professionally clear the area of the liquid."

20 साल की एक महिला के चेहरे और गर्दन पर चोटें आईं जब उस पर एक "संक्षारक" तरल फेंका गया।


Pushing the art of protest to new limits

Summary: If you were going to use art as a form of protest, would you (a) drop an unannounced album on Tidal accompanied by a one-hour special on HBO, or (b) nail your genitals to a paving stone?

Will GompertzArts editor@WillGompertzBBCon Twitter I (like you, I'm guessing) would go for A. But that's not an option. We are not Beyonce (when your name auto-corrects on Word, you know you've made it). If we're hacked off about something important - say, the state of the nation (the real subject of Lemonade) - then what can we do that would have anything like the effect of Ms Knowles-Carter's latest creative endeavour? Well…there is the unedifying, and let's face it, potentially very painful prospect of nailing your parts to a pavement. I'm not advocating this as a course of action, and certainly won't be pursuing it myself, but it has proven potency. Petr Pavlensky is a Russian artist at the radical, Dadaist, end of the spectrum. His reference points include Guy Debord's Situationist International movement, the Sex Pistols and Kazimir Malevich - and less obviously, Lucien Freud and Caravaggio. He, like Beyonce, thinks there's room for improvement in the way in which his country is run. He too thinks there is oppression, police brutality, and corporate/state corruption. But he doesn't have access to the sort of levers available to the US singer, and even if he did, I doubt he'd pull them in quite the same way. In fact Mr Pavlensky doesn't have access to a great deal. His work as a political artist doesn't pay well (it doesn't pay at all). Not in a material sense, anyway. But it does provide him with a return on his intellectual and physical investment. It gets his work noticed and talked about across the world while shedding light on his chosen subject (state authoritarianism). Briefly. He started out at art school, but found the teaching dogmatic and dull. He left and found his artistic voice by sowing his mouth shut in response to the incarceration of members of Pussy Riot following the performance of their Punk Prayer in the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow. It made for a strikingly nasty image. An image, that had it been made by a non-artist, would have received little attention, but by pulling the one lever had got - art - his work received international attention. He followed that up with a piece called Fixation (2013). That's the one where his genitals come in to play. After weeks of preparation and planning, he went to Red Square, stripped naked, and nailed his scrotum to the paving stones. Extreme? Yes, very. But maybe extreme situations call for extreme actions? That seems to be the view and aesthetic of the Moscow-based Voina movement, to which you could argue his work belongs: as well as being a development from that produced by the Moscow Conceptualists of the '70s and '80s. In November last year he made Threat (2015), an action-performance that involved his dousing the huge, imposing doors of the Lubyanskaya Ploshchad - the HQ of Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) - in petrol and setting fire to them. The artist then stood in front of the burning entrance and posed for the photographs that would be disseminated around the world. People took notice, learnt about the FSB, and heard what he had to say - although he said nothing. Unsurprisingly, he was arrested - I can't think of a country where he wouldn't have been - and is currently standing trial. If he is found guilty, his alleged crime carries a maximum jail sentence of three years (less the time in detention he has already spent since November). Serves him right, some might say. Maybe, even him. His art is about provocation, after all. The arrest, trail and subsequent spell in jail are all part of the artwork as far as he is concerned. Ai Weiwei uses the notion of art in a similar way. He too turns himself into a one-man picket to bring attention to what he perceives as the shortcomings of the authorities in his native country, China. He has also been incarcerated, although for far less obvious reasons. The American Theaster Gates is another artist who "leverages" the status of art in society to turn the detritus he finds in the dilapidated buildings he buys on the Southside of Chicago into sculptures worth hundreds of thousands of dollars. He then uses the money to help regenerate the area, which has been called the murder capital of America. My point is, what Mr Pavlensky is doing might seem totally crazy, but it does sit within a current agit-art movement that has a vitality and purpose which is a long way from much of the derivative commercial fare served up in the Truman Show-like world of white-walled museums and galleries. He is furious. Ai Weiwei is furious. Theaster Gates is furious. Beyonce is furious. They are all using art to protest, and to some effect - but admittedly with different immediate outcomes. Beyonce is about to embark on a world tour, while Pyotr Pavlensky may face a three-year stint in jail.

यदि आप विरोध के रूप में कला का उपयोग करने जा रहे थे, तो क्या आप (ए) एच. बी. ओ. पर एक घंटे के विशेष के साथ टाइडल पर एक अघोषित एल्बम छोड़ेंगे, या (बी) अपने जननांगों को एक पक्की पत्थर से जोड़ेंगे?


What is Jeremy Corbyn's programme for government?

Summary: Jeremy Corbyn says he wants a "fundamental shift" in economic policy and for Labour to be a "credible alternative" rather than "Tory light". To those who say he wants to take the party back to the 1980s, he has said he'd go back a decade further, to the 1970s Wilson/Callaghan Labour government.

According to his critics, the Islington North MP's vision for Britain is so left-wing it would make the Labour Party unelectable. But what do we know so far about the policies he would want to bring in if he did win power? The economy There would be an end to austerity, higher taxes for the rich and protection for people on welfare - and a new crackdown on tax avoidance and tax evasion, as well as "corporate welfare", tax breaks for companies. He claims this plan could "double" the NHS's income. He believes in paying off the deficit but not through spending cuts - and not to meet an "arbitrary" date. Mr Corbyn has also said he would consider introducing a "maximum wage" to cap the pay of top executives and he would renationalise the Royal Bank of Scotland. The Bank of England would be allowed to print money - People's Quantitative Easing - for "new large scale housing, energy, transport and digital projects". Mr Corbyn says this would create "a million skilled jobs and genuine apprenticeships" with knock-on boosts for the supply chain. Critics, including Labour's current shadow chancellor Chris Leslie, say this would lead to higher inflation and interest rates, with the poorest households paying the price. Mr Leslie also questions Mr Corbyn's claim that £120bn could be recovered from tax avoidance and evasion. Corporation tax would increase under Mr Corbyn. The government would still aim to reduce the deficit, but at a slower rate and through increased investment and higher taxes rather than spending cuts. Foreign policy Mr Corbyn has called for a "radically different international policy", based on "political and not military solutions". In the Middle East, Mr Corbyn says you have to "talk to everybody" to secure peace. He would look to withdraw from Nato and is opposed to air strikes against so-called Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. The EU Mr Corbyn says he supports the UK remaining in the EU, but wants to see "a better Europe". He opposes the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) deal outright. He had previously refused to rule out campaigning to leave, and also said he had "mixed feelings" on the issue, leading to criticism from his pro-European rivals. Education A National Education Service, following the NHS model, would be established. State-funded academies and free schools would be forced to return to local authority control. Mr Corbyn would look to end public schools' charitable status, although he accepts this would be complicated and may not happen immediately. Tuition fees would be scrapped, at a cost of £10bn, and replaced with grants. His 10-point plan also pledges universal childcare. Health Mr Corbyn has pledged to eradicate PFI deals from the NHS by using government money to buy them out. In an article for The Guardian, he vowed to clear up the PFI "mess" created by Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, which he claimed was costing the health service billions. Housing Rent controls in places like central London would be introduced to help families on benefits to pay their rent. Mr Corbyn has also called for the right-to-buy scheme, which allowed tenants in council and social housing to purchase their homes at a discount, to apply to those living in privately-rented accommodation, although it's not quite clear how that would work. By 2025, he is promising "decent homes for all in public and private sectors". Defence The UK would not spend 2% of GDP on defence, as pledged by the current government. The Trident nuclear missile system would be scrapped. The Royal Family The royals would be safe for the time being. Although he is a committed republican, Mr Corbyn told the New Statesman: "It's not the fight I'm going to fight: it's not the fight I'm interested in." Transport Britain's railway network would be renationalised. He is opposed to the HS2 scheme linking London with the north of England, claiming it would turn northern cities into "dormitories for London businesses". Energy Energy companies would be renationalised. Mr Corbyn has said he would be "much happier" with a "regulated, publicly run service delivering energy supplies". There would be a moratorium on fracking, which Mr Corbyn has called "dangerous to the environment". The Labour leadership contender has also said he would consider re-opening Britain's coal mines. Political reform Mr Corbyn wants Labour's new increased following to be more involved in the running of the party and has proposed a review of membership fees to make the party more "inclusive". He would ensure half of his shadow cabinet were women.

जेरेमी कॉर्बिन का कहना है कि वह आर्थिक नीति में एक "मौलिक बदलाव" चाहते हैं और लेबर के लिए "टोरी लाइट" के बजाय एक "विश्वसनीय विकल्प" बनना चाहते हैं। उन लोगों के लिए जो कहते हैं कि वह पार्टी को 1980 के दशक में वापस ले जाना चाहते हैं, उन्होंने कहा है कि वह एक दशक आगे, 1970 के दशक की विल्सन/कैलाघन लेबर सरकार में वापस जाएंगे।


HMV: Which stores are closing?

Summary: The administrators of HMV, KPMG, has released its list of HMV stores planned for closure.

They include the flagship branch in Oxford Street, the location of its first store. The alphabetical list follows: Ayr Bath Bluewater Bristol, Cribbs Chichester Exeter, Princesshay Fopp, Bristol Fopp, Glasgow Byres Fopp, Manchester Fopp, Oxford Glasgow, Braehead Guernsey Hereford Manchester, Trafford Merry Hill Oxford Street Peterborough, Queensgate Plymouth, Drake Circus Reading Sheffield, Meadowhall Southport Thurrock Tunbridge Wells Uxbridge Watford Westfield Wimbledon

एच. एम. वी., के. पी. एम. जी. के प्रशासकों ने बंद करने की योजना वाले एच. एम. वी. स्टोरों की सूची जारी की है।


'Google profits from my daughter's death'

Summary: US journalist Alison Parker was shot dead along with her cameraman while broadcasting live in 2015 - her murderer then posted the footage online. Her father, Andy, tells the Victoria Derbyshire programme about his campaign to hold social media companies accountable for the material they host.

By Claire WilliamsVictoria Derbyshire programme The breakfast TV interview about tourism in the town of Moneta, Virginia, was just starting when it was suddenly interrupted by the sound of gunfire. Alison, 24, and cameraman Adam Ward, 27, who both worked for cable channel WDBJ, were killed. Their interviewee survived. The gunman, a disgruntled former employee called Vester Lee Flanagan, filmed their final moments then posted them on social media - footage which shocked the world. He later shot himself. Alison's father, Andy, has vowed never to watch it. "Believe me, people ask if I want to see it fairly regularly," he says. "The other day a guy was trying to tell me about it. It's people not thinking. People are so callous." But search engine Google has told him he has to report every video to get them removed from the internet. "Imagine a human being, someone saying, 'You have to watch a video of your daughter's murder and tell us why we should take this down'. Who would do that other than someone like Isis? Yet Google does it on its platforms." Worse still, Andy's campaigning to end gun violence has led to him being a target for online abuse. Comments such as "if she only had a gun to protect herself" appear on articles he has written, conspiracy theorists have posted a news report about the celebration of Alison's life calling it "fake" on YouTube, and he has received death threats. A Google search of Alison's name reveals a number of videos from conspiracy theorists including claims she had had plastic surgery and was living a secret life in Israel. Andy refuses to engage with trolls, saying: "There's not a lot you can do with keyboard warriors, you won't change their minds". He blames Google and social media platforms for allowing them to share the material. He believes Facebook, Google and Twitter should be subject to the same regulation as news providers in the US. "There was a time there would be an advert and autoplay. Even though they have taken down the ads, Google still makes money every time you click. They want you to keep clicking. They make money from your data," he explains. "Google profits from my daughter's death and I won't accept it. What can they do [to me]? I have lost everything precious that I've had. I am not afraid of them." He is now working with Georgetown University Civil Rights clinic to "drop the hammer on Google" and urge them to adequately monitor their own platforms. If it again refuses, members of Congress should step in and provide oversight, he says. "We will say you can either work with us and take this stuff down - if you don't we have no problem taking you to court. No-one has done it. We will hold them accountable. Senators are also supporting it. We will hold their feet to the fire." Andy is also campaigning for what he calls sensible reforms to gun laws in order to keep them out of the hands of mentally unstable people. "I would love it if the US followed British or Australian gun control laws," he says. "There was the first gun control measure passed in two decades this week. Gun control was a number two or three issue in the mid-terms - I think there will be reform in my lifetime." Andy describes his daughter as a beautiful person and a kind soul. She broadcast daily to 60,000 people and produced award-winning documentaries - she won an Emmy posthumously for best live reporting. "There was a saying I saw a while back, 'There are some that bring a light so bright to the world that even after they've gone a light remains'. She impacted and affected so many people, she inspired so many people. She touched so many people's lives. "I want to keep the fuel for the light going. We think about her all the time. I talk with her every day." YouTube says its guidelines prohibit content including gratuitous violence, nudity and illegal activities and hate speech. It says when material is graphic it applies age restrictions which require users to sign in. A spokesman for YouTube, whose parent company is Google, said: "Our hearts go out to the victim and her family. To protect the community, YouTube has clear policies that outline what content is not acceptable to post and we remove videos violating these policies when flagged to us. "In some cases, we age-restrict flagged material that, while not in violation of those guidelines, contains images that may be unsuitable for younger users." Follow the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme on Facebook and Twitter - and see more of our stories here.

अमेरिकी पत्रकार एलिसन पार्कर की 2015 में लाइव प्रसारण के दौरान उनके कैमरामैन के साथ गोली मारकर हत्या कर दी गई थी-उनके हत्यारे ने फिर फुटेज को ऑनलाइन पोस्ट कर दिया। उनके पिता, एंडी, विक्टोरिया डर्बीशायर कार्यक्रम को सोशल मीडिया कंपनियों को उनके द्वारा होस्ट की गई सामग्री के लिए जवाबदेह ठहराने के अपने अभियान के बारे में बताते हैं।


Germany neo-Nazi trial: Will Zschaepe finally give answers?

Summary: Beate Zschaepe has been on trial for more than two years.

By Jenny HillBBC Berlin correspondent She cuts a contemptuous figure in court. At every hearing the petite 40-year-old enters the room, folds her arms and turns her back on the television cameras. She is usually flanked by her lawyers with whom she has a fractious relationship; she has tried to fire three of them and they have - unsuccessfully - asked the court to release them from their duties. Since the trial began Ms Zschaepe has never once broken her silence in court. Which is why there is such interest here in the statement which she is due to give - albeit via one of her legal team - on Wednesday. Ms Zschaepe is thought to be the only surviving member of a neo-Nazi cell, the National Socialist Underground (NSU), which operated for more than a decade. The NSU carried out racially motivated attacks; they killed 10 people between 2000 and 2007, and perpetrated two bombings and 15 bank robberies. Eight of their victims were of Turkish descent. One man was Greek - it is thought the group may have mistaken him for a Turk. The other victim was a German policewoman. No-one knows why she was targeted. No-one except, perhaps, Beate Zschaepe. There are other unanswered questions too. What did the group hope to achieve? The two other members of the cell were found dead, having apparently committed suicide after a bank robbery, just before Ms Zschaepe turned herself in. She had been romantically involved with both Uwe Boehnhardt and Uwe Mundlos and had lived with the pair in a flat in Zwickau in the east of Germany. Ms Zschaepe is accused of setting fire to the apartment just before she handed herself in to police. Police prejudice The crimes shocked Germany. But so too, in retrospect, did the response of the authorities who critics say turned a blind eye to the presence of the far right. The NSU cell went undetected for more than 10 years. Police initially blamed the killings on the Turkish mafia. Relatives of some victims were suspected and interrogated. Afterwards, a parliamentary inquiry blamed prejudice and a failure to confront the threat represented by Germany's extreme right. Timeline of killings Today Germany's neo-Nazi scene still causes concern. There are fears of a right-wing resurgence as the country adapts to hundreds of thousands of refugees entering the country. This trial - and the woman around whom it centres - are being closely watched.

बीट ज़्शेप पर दो साल से अधिक समय से मुकदमा चल रहा है।


UK climate plan: What do the terms mean?

Summary: The UK prime minister is set to publish his long-awaited "net zero" plan to tackle climate change. He has already backed technologies like carbon capture and storage, hydrogen, and small reactors. Here, we break down some of the terms we're likely to hear about in the plan.

By Roger HarrabinBBC environment analyst What is net zero? The world is over-heating fast, thanks to emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases from burning fossil fuels. Another important human-produced heating gas is methane – mostly from farming and landfill. Scientists warn it simply won’t be possible to get emissions of these to zero by the UK's chosen date of 2050. So instead, the government is aiming for a target known as net zero. That means the emissions that can’t be avoided by clean technology in 2050 will either be buried using the technology of carbon capture and storage, or soaked up by plants and soils. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) This does what it says on the tin – a technology that employs a chemical process to capture CO2 emissions from industrial chimneys. The gas is then compressed and forced into porous underground rocks. Two decades ago, it was touted as a climate saviour. But it's very expensive and has never really taken off. New technologies can also take waste CO2 and turn it into useful chemicals – but demand is vastly outstripped by the supply of unwanted CO2. Net zero vs carbon neutral Let's take net zero first. It refers to balancing out any greenhouse gas emissions produced by industry, transport or other sources by removing an equivalent amount from the atmosphere. This usually occurs through, for example, planting trees, which sequester carbon in their wood. The terms net zero and carbon neutral are often seen as interchangeable. But while net zero usually refers to all greenhouse gases, Chris Stark, chief executive of the UK government's advisory body the Committee on Climate Change (CCC), said his organisation mostly uses carbon neutral when referring to carbon dioxide emissions only. Jim Watson, professor of energy policy at University College London (UCL), concurred with the CCC's definition but he added that it was "unfortunate" there was no universally agreed definition for the terms. Small modular reactors (SMRs) Mr Johnson wants new nuclear power for the UK but history has shown that the construction of large nuclear power plants often goes way over schedule and budget. Several manufacturers are now trying to develop small modular plants as a “kit of parts“ that can be assembled on site. The idea is that factory-built modules will be constructed at scale to drive down costs but some experts are highly sceptical. Hydrogen power Hydrogen is the lightest element on Earth. When it’s used as a source of energy, it produces no direct carbon emissions. It can be used either in fuel cells, or burned in internal combustion engines. Several industries hope hydrogen will replace the natural gas they burn and some transport experts believe hydrogen fuel cells will increasingly be used to power vehicles. A fuel cell is an ingenious piece of equipment that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. This can be used, say, to power a lorry. Many fuel cells combine hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity - with water and heat as by-products. A key question is whether the hydrogen used for energy is itself from fossil gas. A key process for producing hydrogen in this way, known as steam reforming, also emits troublesome carbon dioxide and is expensive. Hydrogen can also be manufactured by “splitting“ water using wind energy, which is clean but even more costly. Nuclear fusion Conventional nuclear power stations rely on a process called fission, where a heavy chemical element is split to produce lighter ones. But nuclear fusion works by combining two light elements to make a heavier one. It's an attempt to replicate the processes of the Sun here on Earth. Nuclear fusion has been a dream of scientists for decades, because, like the Sun, it could act as an almost limitless source of energy. Further attractions include cheap fuel, relatively little radioactive waste and no emissions of greenhouse gases. But getting more energy out than you put in remains immensely challenging and, since the 1950s, it's been touted as being "30 years away". COP meetings This time next year – postponed from 2020 because of Covid-19 – the UK will host a crucial meeting of world leaders known as COP26. It’s where delegates from nations across the globe agree what they're going to do hold back climate change. COP stands for Conference of the Parties. It will be attended by countries that signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - back in 1992. This year's meeting will be the 26th, which is why it's called COP26. NDCs Next month, Prime Minister Boris Johnson will convene a virtual summit where leaders will be asked to offer their NDCs for tackling climate change. NDCs are Nationally Determined Contributions - in other words, voluntary offers by nations to cut their own emissions. The timeframe in focus is up to 2030, and if the UK wants to encourage other countries to make cuts that are equal to the challenge, Mr Johnson must make an ambitious pledge with far-reaching effects across the economy. Carbon budgets This is a restriction that's placed on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted over a set period of time. The UK uses carbon budgets to keep on track with its strategy of switching over to a low-carbon economy. The next budget, to be set next month, will carry Britain through to 2037, by which time it should be on track for net zero in 2050. Follow Roger on Twitter.

ब्रिटेन के प्रधानमंत्री जलवायु परिवर्तन से निपटने के लिए अपनी लंबे समय से प्रतीक्षित "शुद्ध शून्य" योजना को प्रकाशित करने के लिए तैयार हैं। उन्होंने पहले ही कार्बन ग्रहण और भंडारण, हाइड्रोजन और छोटे रिएक्टरों जैसी तकनीकों का समर्थन किया है। यहाँ, हम कुछ शब्दों को तोड़ते हैं जिनके बारे में हम योजना में सुन सकते हैं।


Denbigh hospital roof collapse prompts police warning

Summary: A roof has collapsed at a former Victorian hospital in Denbighshire, prompting police to label the site "dangerous" and advise people to stay away.

The derelict North Wales Hospital in Denbigh has been at the centre of a long-running dispute over its future. On-duty police officers saw the roof collapse when they attended the scene responding to reports of trespassers. It failed to sell at auction in May after its £2.25m price was not met.

डेनबिघशायर के एक पूर्व विक्टोरियन अस्पताल में एक छत गिर गई है, जिससे पुलिस ने साइट को "खतरनाक" करार दिया है और लोगों को दूर रहने की सलाह दी है।


Carillion: The company entrenched in public life

Summary: Carillion is usually described as a construction company, its name often seen emblazoned across major projects. One of its contracts was with HS2, but it also supplied children in Oxfordshire with school dinners, maintained prison grounds in Cambridgeshire and set up a solar farm in West Sussex.

Describing itself as an "integrated support services business", it held about 450 governmental contracts, spanning the Departments of Education, Justice, Defence and Transport. In the UK its projects included the Royal Opera House, the Library of Birmingham, the Tate Modern, and the hoop-shaped building of GCHQ. It also manages the Smart Motorways traffic control system. So just how far did its interests spread? How big a part did it play in UK public life? Libraries in London The running of the libraries in Croydon, Ealing, Harrow and Hounslow was outsourced in 2012 - first to a company called John Laing Integrated Services, which swiftly sold it on to Carillion. Under the brand "Cultural Community Solutions", Carillion bosses said: "We want to transform and re-energise the concept of the library. "Our mission is to rethink and reinvent local public libraries to make them relevant and self-sustaining." But Hounslow terminated its contract last summer, and Croydon announced on Monday that it would be taking its library services back in-house. Army housing Carillion is the parent company of CarillionAmey, which maintains about 50,000 homes across the United Kingdom for the Ministry of Defence, operating between £700m and £1bn worth of contracts. Following the announcement of the liquidation, CarillionAmey said: "There is a considerable amount of press coverage regarding Carillion's current financial position, however, the impact on CarillionAmey's operations remains limited and we will continue to deliver services as normal." A spokesman for the MoD said the announcement would have no direct impact on defence or the services provided to the Armed Forces and their families. "Housing will continue to be serviced, catering facilities provided and buildings and offices cleaned," he added. In 2016, a report by the public accounts committee described CarillionAmey's performance for the MoD as "totally unacceptable", leaving families in "dirty houses with broken appliances... without hot water or heating". What's at risk? Dieter Helm, Professor of Economic Policy at Oxford University, said: "You've got the Ministry of Defence, you've got the Department of Education, you've got the Department of Health, you've got the Department of Transport - all these different departments are striking contracts with this company. "Who takes a look at the totality of this, at whether it really adds up and whether the company is competent as a whole to deliver all of these public services which have been put into this one single basket?" While ministers have promised that all public services will be protected following the demise of Carillion, Meg Hillier, chair of the Commons Public Accounts Committee, said the government had "serious questions to answer about its role in allowing taxpayers' exposure to escalate to this point". The committee is responsible for overseeing government expenditure, and to make sure it is effective and honest. Ms Hillier said: "Carillion's collapse raises grave concerns about jobs, the delivery of public services and the way government conducts its business. The Public Accounts Committee has previously warned of the risks when contractors, paid from the public purse, become too big to fail." Where did it go wrong for Carillion? Carillion collapse: What next? A spokesperson for the Local Government Association said those councils affected by the collapse of Carillion had been "monitoring the situation closely and are implementing contingency plans to keep services running as normally as possible". "Councils are also working with other public sector partners in their local area to be ready for any wider knock-on effects of Carillion's failure." Professor Simon Collinson, an expert in regional business at the University of Birmingham, says small firms will be the most affected. "As suppliers, they rely on big construction firms like Carillion for much of their income. They'll be last in the queue for payment from any of the value salvaged from the mess, leading some to collapse and many to sack their own employees. "Rather than just look to government we should be taking a hard look at the corporate governance structures in place at the firm; these should have changed the strategy and structure well before we got to this disappointing and damaging end point." Prisons Carillion maintained approximately half of the UK's prisons and Young Offender Institutions, including Wormwood Scrubs, Pentonville and Feltham. Its responsibilities included cleaning, landscaping and catering. The company was widely criticised by Independent Monitoring Boards across the country, which described Pentonville as "unsafe and inhumane", Winchester as "unable to function properly" and Wandsworth as "struggling to maintain basic standards". Since the company's collapse, the Prison Officers Association (POA) said that the contracting out of services and maintenance in prisons was "a recipe for disaster", but their concerns were ignored. General Secretary of the POA Steve Gillan said: "We need to know the contingency plans to keep our prisons operational. During the time Carillion had this contract the level of essential maintenance and work that is outstanding has spiralled out of control... due diligence was not undertaken. "Today we face another real crisis due to poor management and privatisation". Hospitals Carillion is behind two new hospitals - the Royal Liverpool and Midland Metropolitan. The £335m Royal Liverpool Hospital is at least a year behind schedule. It was due to be completed in March 2017, but the completion date has been repeatedly pushed back amid reports of cracks in the building. The £350m Midland Metropolitan Hospital in Sandwell was originally scheduled to open in October 2018, but difficulties with the heating, lighting and ventilation systems forced a delay of the launch date to spring 2019. The company also ran all the catering, cleaning, laundry and car parking at the James Cook Hospital in Middlesbrough. Schools The company was responsible for delivering school dinners to 30,000 pupils a day in 218 schools. Firefighters have been put on standby to deliver school meals in Oxfordshire after the county council said it would take over services provided by Carillion. A Department for Education spokesperson said: "Our priority is to ensure schools can continue to operate as usual. "We have planned extensively for this and have been working with local authorities and academy trusts since before Christmas to make sure contingency plans are in place. We are continuing to offer support to schools help minimise disruption for pupils through our designated advice service."

कैरिलियन को आमतौर पर एक निर्माण कंपनी के रूप में वर्णित किया जाता है, इसका नाम अक्सर प्रमुख परियोजनाओं में देखा जाता है। इसका एक अनुबंध एच. एस. 2 के साथ था, लेकिन यह ऑक्सफोर्डशायर में बच्चों को स्कूल के रात्रिभोज की आपूर्ति भी करता था, कैम्ब्रिजशायर में जेल के मैदान का रखरखाव करता था और वेस्ट ससेक्स में एक सौर फार्म स्थापित करता था।


Wigston Superdrug burgled in car ram-raid

Summary: A car has been driven into the front window of a branch of Superdrug during a ram-raid.

Leicestershire Police said a grey Nissan Almera smashed the window of the store in Bell Street, Wigston at about 23:00 BST on Tuesday. Officers said the suspects are believed to have stolen aftershaves and perfumes before leaving in the vehicle. The area has been cordoned off but police said no arrests have yet been made. Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to eastmidsnews@bbc.co.uk.

राम-रेड के दौरान सुपरड्रग की एक शाखा की सामने की खिड़की में एक कार घुस गई है।


'I will have to rely on my husband for the first time'

Summary: "I only do a part-time job but it gives me independence," Nikki Pinnington, 44, tells the BBC. "Now I will have to rely on my husband for the first time in my life. It's unnerving."

By Daniel ThomasBusiness reporter, BBC News Part-time hairdresser Nikki Pinnington has been furloughed since March and home-schooling her 11-year-old son Cosmo, while her husband - the family's main breadwinner - continues to work full time. However, she now fears she won't be able to go back to work if hairdressers as expected reopen in July due to a delay in English schools reopening. The government had promised that all pupils would be able to go back on 4 July, but scrapped the plan this week because it feels schools aren't ready. "I can't see how I'll feasibly go back to work," Nikki says. "The summer clubs I would normally use aren't running and my grandparents and in-laws are in the high-risk category for coronavirus. "Hairdressing is an incredibly close contact profession and my husband is an estate agent, so we would not feel confident putting them under that risk." 'Risk of dropping out' She thinks working mothers are getting a "bad deal" during lockdown, as they typically earn less than their husbands and, in a scenario such as hers, will usually be the first to sacrifice their jobs to look after the children. And she is not the only parent lamenting the government's decision. Since March, only essential workers have been able to access schooling for their children, meaning many parents have spent the last 11 weeks struggling to balance working from home and childcare. Many had hoped for a short break before the summer holidays began, but now the vast majority of pupils won't return until at least September. To add insult to injury, the usual summer holiday childcare options such as activity camps or relying on grandparents are still off-limits because of coronavirus. "Extended school closures are likely to place further pressure on working parents and require employers to be flexible and creative in response," says Claire McCartney, senior inclusion adviser at the Chartered Institute of Professional Development (CIPD). "If parents aren't supported through this challenging time, there's a real risk of them dropping out of work altogether or reducing their hours." Sally Jones, 48, says she was "devastated" by the government's decision, having really struggled to work and home school her two daughters. The part-time university administrator currently handles the lion's share of childcare in the house as her husband works full time. As a result she says she feels "stressed and exhausted". 'It just tears you up' "I'm always distracted and don't feel I am really doing either my job or the home-schooling properly," Sally says. "No one is asking how parents are getting on, it just tears you up. I feel we have been left to pick up the pieces and deal with this on our own." Some warn the burden of childcare during extended school closures is falling disproportionately on women. The Institute for Fiscal Studies says mothers in different-sex couples are one-and-a half times more likely to have lost work than fathers during the pandemic. And according to CIPD research, 44% of women say their financial security has worsened, compared with 35% of men, since the lockdown began. What are your rights? For more information, visit the Working Families website. Gemma Rosenblatt, head of policy at the Fawcett Society, which campaigns for women's rights, warns there is a risk of creating a "two-tier workforce". "[We could see] parents and particularly mothers losing out on work because the childcare simply isn't there. It's not just schools - there are signs that huge numbers of nurseries and childminders are at risk of closing." The government will introduce a "flexible furlough" scheme in July, which should help some parents. It will enable employees to go part-time to look after their children while claiming 80% of the lost income, although employers must consent. The Treasury has also reversed its position on statutory maternity and paternity leave, allowing parents who return to work in the coming months to access the coronavirus job retention scheme (or furlough scheme). 'Flexible working a default' But the TUC wants the government to go further, by pledging to extend the flexible furlough scheme - which ends in October - until all children can go back to school. It is also calling for stronger flexible working laws to protect working parents permanently. UK workers have the right to ask their employers for flexible working hours, but TUC research suggests one in three requests is denied. "Ministers have previously said they will make flexible working a default right for all workers from day one in the job, and they must now urgently make good on that promise," said general secretary Frances O'Grady. Employers are watching the situation closely. The Confederation of British Industry says getting children safely back to school will be critical to the UK's economic recovery after lockdown and to stopping children falling behind outside the classroom. However, it says public health must remain "the number one priority". A Treasury spokesman said: "The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme has been extended until October, meaning that it will continue to support people as they move back into work and we get the UK economy up and running again. "We will continue to look at ways that support people returning to work and have announced that critical workers will continue to receive 30 hours of free childcare even if their income falls due to coronavirus."

"मैं केवल एक अंशकालिक नौकरी करती हूँ लेकिन यह मुझे स्वतंत्रता देता है", 44 वर्षीय निक्की पिनिंगटन बीबीसी को बताती हैं। "अब मुझे अपने जीवन में पहली बार अपने पति पर भरोसा करना होगा। यह परेशान करने वाला है।"


Eid: How is the start of the Muslim festival determined?

Summary: The end of Ramadan is marked by the key religious holiday of Eid al-Fitr, in which Muslim families worldwide gather for the "feast of breaking the fast". But for such a major global event, working out when it will happen is surprisingly complicated - as Ahmen Khawaja and Amir Rawash explain.

The power of the moon As the end of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan approaches, many of the world's 1.8 billion Muslims hope for clear skies, to give them a sign that it is time to get out their best clothes and begin the feast. Islam follows the lunar calendar, based on phases of the Moon. Ramadan starts in its ninth month. Each year, the month begins around 11 days prior to when it started in the previous solar year. This is significant, as it has a large impact on how people experience Ramadan from year to year. Muslims fast during Ramadan, abstaining from food and drink from dawn to sunset. If the Islamic months were based on the solar calendar, with the seasons fixed, people living in certain parts of the world would always have Ramadan in summer, with long periods of daylight, while in other parts it would always have shorter winter days. By following the lunar calendar, every Muslim is given a taste of fasting in different seasons. The sightings debate The Eid festival falls on the first day of the 10th month of Shawwal. But within Islam there is debate over when this begins. Muslims in most countries rely on news of an official sighting of the new Moon, rather than looking at the sky themselves. Some follow a set lunar calendar, while others use astronomical observations to announce the arrival of the new Moon. There are also those who mark the new month only after personally seeing a crescent Moon in the sky. So Eid dates differ around the world, though they are usually within one or two days of each other. For example, authorities in Saudi Arabia - the birthplace of Islam, and dominated by Sunni Muslims - announce the start and end of Ramadan depending on testimonies of members of the public who observe the Moon by sight. Muslims in many other countries then follow suit. But Iran, which has a large majority of Shia Muslims, abides by a government announcement. Iraq, which has a Shia majority and Sunni minority, uses a mix of the two - the Shia following the influential cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani's announcement, while the Sunni follow their own clerics. Both Sunni and Shia Muslims in Iraq celebrated Eid al-Fitr on the same day in 2016 for the first time in several years. Turkey, meanwhile, a country that is officially secular, uses astronomical calculations to decide the start and end of Ramadan. And in the rest of Europe, most Muslims wait for announcements by leaders of their own communities - though this may depend on observing the Moon in other Islamic countries.

रमज़ान के अंत में ईद-उल-फ़ित्र का प्रमुख धार्मिक अवकाश होता है, जिसमें दुनिया भर के मुसलमान परिवार "उपवास तोड़ने के पर्व" के लिए इकट्ठा होते हैं। लेकिन इस तरह के एक बड़े वैश्विक कार्यक्रम के लिए, यह पता लगाना आश्चर्यजनक रूप से जटिल है कि यह कब होगा-जैसा कि अहमेन ख्वाजा और अमीर रवाश बताते हैं।


Newry: Woman charged over human trafficking

Summary: A 29-year-old woman arrested in Newry, County Down, on suspicion of human trafficking for sexual exploitation has been charged by police.

She has also been charged with controlling prostitution for gain and money laundering. She was arrested on the Tandragee Road by officers from the PSNI's modern slavery and human trafficking unit in the early hours of Saturday morning. The woman is due to appear in court on Monday. Det Ch Insp Mark Bell said her arrest was part of a "pro-active investigation into human trafficking for sexual exploitation and the activities of a criminal gang believed to be operating in Northern Ireland".

न्यूरी, काउंटी डाउन में यौन शोषण के लिए मानव तस्करी के संदेह में गिरफ्तार की गई एक 29 वर्षीय महिला पर पुलिस ने आरोप लगाया है।


Investigation after freight ferry runs aground at Aberdeen harbour

Summary: An investigation has been launched after a freight ferry ran aground at the entrance to Aberdeen Harbour.

NorthLink's MV Arrow got into difficulties during manoeuvres on its arrival from Lerwick at about 07:30. Aberdeen Coastguard said the vessel was freed by harbour tugs and was eventually able to continue to the quayside. Serco NorthLink said the chartered vessel ran aground but there were no injuries, or risk to the environment. A statement said: "We are working with Aberdeen Harbour Board, the vessel's owners, and the relevant authorities to conduct a full investigation."

एबरडीन हार्बर के प्रवेश द्वार पर एक मालवाहक नौका के दुर्घटनाग्रस्त होने के बाद एक जांच शुरू की गई है।


Somalia's famine: One year on

Summary: So, do you want the good news first… or the bad news?

Andrew HardingAfrica correspondent@BBCAndrewHon Twitter One year after the United Nations declared a famine in parts of Somalia, there is plenty to praise and even more to fret about in a country still grappling with conflict, drought, and the muddled politics of international aid. It is almost exactly 12 months since I last visited Dolo - a shabby but relatively quiet little town near the border with Ethiopia, which was then swamped with civilians fleeing the famine zones. Today, at first glance, not much seems to have changed. Still lots of men with guns, a bone-dry countryside, hundreds of threadbare makeshift tents, and - just as we drove into a UN camp - the familiar sight of weary new arrivals squatting in the dirt. Some 3,000 people are still coming here each month. Forty-year-old Halima Hawana told me she had sold her small field to raise the money to make the journey. "The drought is back," she said through a local translator, "and al-Shabab threaten us. The security is no good." 'Still critical' Despite losing some key towns in recent months to a haphazard series of offensives by Somalia's transitional government troops, foreign forces and local militias, the militant Islamist group al-Shabab still holds big chunks of southern Somalia. It was their reluctance to allow aid into their territory, combined with soaring inflation, which triggered the famine last year. And yet, despite the on-going security concerns and the partial failure of the latest rains, there is also real progress here. "The situation is still critical," said the UN's chief humanitarian coordinator for Somalia, Mark Bowden. "But things are improving. We do have things under control - we are better positioned. We are very unlikely to have [another] famine." That is due to a number of factors. There was one decent rainfall in Somalia earlier this year - which led to a good harvest. Food prices - and despite its chaos Somalia is closely tied into global markets - have stabilised and inflation is under control. And finally there is what Mr Bowden called the "phenomenal generosity" of the international community following his declaration of a famine one year ago. Donors "should be very proud of themselves," he said. A closer inspection of Dolo revealed some of the results of that generosity - large warehouses full of grain, as well as a brand new hospital and other infrastructure. But what happens now that the famine is over? The "F word," as it is known in aid circles, signifies a shockingly grim event and one of the ultimate examples of a man-made catastrophe. But it is also - and I hope this doesn't come out the wrong way - one hell of a fund-raising tool. "Statistically, the famine may be over now," said Sikander Khan, the head of Unicef Somalia. "But we are not out of the woods yet. We're concerned that just by declaring the famine is over, people may think everything is fine. It's not fine. One in five children is malnourished. Donors have been very generous but we need to sustain this momentum… to make these children resilient." Which is why the UN is now clamouring for the rest of the $1.16bn ($740m) it says it needs to avoid another humanitarian disaster in Somalia this year. 'Self-sufficient' But even while they are appealing loudly for more money, senior UN officials quietly acknowledge the flaws in a funding system that seems driven by media headlines and geared towards the short term. "Emergency responses are always very expensive," said Mr Khan, sketching out his vision of a longer-term development strategy that would be "much cheaper and has far more impact". And curiously, that vision is already taking partial shape in a field just outside Dolo - where a livid green expanse of corn, onions and other crops form an unexpected contrast with the surrounding scrubland. Adam Alil is one of a group of farmers tending the fields, and guiding the water being pumped from the nearby river down a network of small irrigation channels. "Once we harvest then we going to support our family so in future we might not need aid. We can become self-sufficient. I don't want to sleep - I want to work," he said, leaning on a metal crutch having lost one leg to a snake bite. These fields, and 82,000 like them across Somalia, are being heavily supported - with seeds, and fuel for the irrigation pumps - by the UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). According to the FAO's Somalia boss, Luca Alinovi, the project is working "quite successfully" even in areas of conflict and regions under al-Shabab control. But the FAO is hamstrung by a lack of longer-term funding. "We need support for two or three years," to allow farmers to become self-sufficient, said Mr Alinovi, but the funding "is not yet there". As we headed back to the air strip for the return flight, I saw Halima Hawana and the other new arrivals being processed by officials at the camp. Optimists will argue that the current upsurge in fighting is a sign that al-Shabab is on the verge of defeat, and point to the growing sense of security in the capital, Mogadishu. August is likely to be an important month in the city, as a new parliament takes shape. But al-Shabab is a symptom of Somalia's problems as much anything else, and the pessimists have a better track record in this turbulent country. The darkest days of last year may be over, but it remains hard to imagine a quick or smooth end to Somalia's troubles.

तो, क्या आप पहले अच्छी खबर चाहते हैं... या बुरी खबर?


Sajid Pervez in court over wife Abida Karim's murder

Summary: A man has appeared at a crown court charged with the murder of his 39-year-old wife at a house in Leeds.

Police and paramedics were called to the property on Hovingham Terrace, Harehills, on 24 September, when Abida Karim was pronounced dead at the scene. Sajid Pervez, aged 37, was remanded in custody at Leeds Crown Court and is expected to face a trial on 25 January 2021. Mr Pervez did not enter a plea at the hearing when he appeared at court. Follow BBC Yorkshire on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to yorkslincs.news@bbc.co.uk or send video here. Related Internet Links HM Courts

लीड्स में एक घर में अपनी 39 वर्षीय पत्नी की हत्या के आरोप में एक व्यक्ति क्राउन कोर्ट में पेश हुआ है।


The real story behind Prince's Little Red Corvette

Summary: Little Red Corvette is the song that made Prince a star - a breathless ode to casual sex that gave him his first US top 10 hit in 1983 and introduced him to the mainstream.

By Mark SavageBBC music reporter The story goes that Prince came up with the opening lines - "I guess I should have known, by the way you parked your car sideways, that it wouldn't last" - after falling asleep in the back of a car owned by his keyboard player Lisa Coleman. And that's true... to an extent. The BBC got the full story behind the song, and some of Prince's other hits, directly from Coleman and her musical partner in crime, Wendy Melvoin. They were perhaps Prince's most important musical collaborators, working solidly with him throughout the early '80s as members of The Revolution, introducing elements of jazz and classical to his provocative blend of funk and rock. After he dismissed the band in 1986, Wendy and Lisa released several successful albums as a duo and went on to score hit TV shows like Nurse Jackie and Heroes. They're currently working on an album with comedian Maya Rudolph and celebrating Prince's legacy by reforming the original line-up of The Revolution. The duo reminisced about their favourite Revolution songs ahead of the release of a deluxe edition of Prince's fifth studio album, 1999, this Friday, containing 35 previously unreleased songs. LITTLE RED CORVETTE Lisa: "Prince was always borrowing my car because it was awesome. It was a '64 Mercury Montclair, pink and white, and it was just the perfect cruise-mobile on a beautiful day in Minneapolis. He actually put a couple of dents in it, because it was so big. He'd come up to me and mumble, 'Hey Lisa, sorry about your car'. So I'd run out to inspect the damage and there'd be a little dent with some yellow paint from a pole he'd reversed into, and I'd go, 'Damn it. Watch where you're going!'" Is it true he wrote Little Red Corvette while he was sleeping in the back of the car? "Well... I guess. He was 'sleeping' with someone we knew called Denise Matthews [aka Vanity] and she was 'sleeping' in the back of the car, too. I even found some of her hair wrapped around the handle that winds the window down. "So I imagine they were making out, or doing whatever, in the back seat and they probably had a wonderful moment of afterglow, which is when he got the seed of the idea... But it's not a red Corvette, it's a pink Mercury!" The song became his mainstream breakthrough. Did you know it was special? "Yeah, definitely. It was pure hit material and Prince coveted it for a little while. "Before it was recorded, we'd play it in sound check and our manager Steve [Fargnoli] would freak out. Prince used to laugh at him: 'Oh, Steve has babies when we play this song!'" 1999 Lisa: "I have a really clear memory of the first time I heard that song. I'd gone to rehearsal early, but Prince was already there playing the main keyboard riff. He motioned me to come over, and said, 'Play this', then he went down and picked up the guitar and started fooling around with it. Then, when everybody else started showing up, he showed them their parts and we all kind of fell in. "I was in good favour that day, because I decided to hold down D and F in the chorus. He was like, 'Alright, that's great! Listen to Lisa, she's producing herself. Why don't the rest of you guys do that?' He was always nice and then he'd have to say something mean after. Like, 'I can support you but don't forget you're not all that.'" You get to sing the first line of the song. How did that come about? "Prince got the idea of splitting the vocals up from Sly & The Family Stone, and how everyone had a presence in that band. We actually added Jill Jones's voice because she's a better singer than I am. So it's the two of us singing together. I have the dreamy quality and she has the fire." D.M.S.R. Lisa: "I still love playing that song. I love the funk and the Minneapolis sound of it, with the Oberheim [synthesizers] and everything. It has a party vibe going all the way through." The groove on that song is so persistent. You must play the main riff a couple of hundred times. "Right, exactly. It's almost meditative. That was one of the great things about being in the Revolution. We were like whirling dervishes, because we would take a groove and play it for hours on end. It was not only good for training our bodies - but imagine what that did to our brains. There were times in these jams and rehearsals where I'd really feel elated. It was so good. You just become part of the music, there's no other way to explain it." The lyrics are all about personal liberation and celebrating your sexuality, which was quite unusual in 1982. "It was definitely out of phase. I was always proud of him because it wasn't in fashion to talk about those things back then. He had a vision about people, about how we could be together, and he managed to create an oasis in Paisley Park for people who heard the message." AMERICA Guitarist Wendy Melvoin joined the Revolution in 1983, playing her first gig on the night Prince debuted Purple Rain. Lisa told the BBC about the creation of that song in a previous interview, so we skipped ahead to 1985, and the release of Prince's seventh album, Around The World In A Day. The record, which featured the hits Pop Life and Raspberry Beret, also contained a funk jam called America, which served as the ultimate showcase of The Revolution's musical muscle, especially on the unedited 21-minute version that appeared on the 12" single. Lisa: "The first time we played America was in a tent in the south of France, while we were filming Under The Cherry Moon." Wendy: "There was no ventilation and it was over 100 degrees in the tent. And if you've watched the video, you can see we are full-on running around the stage. I remember both Prince and I had to have oxygen tanks brought to us because we almost passed out from heat exhaustion." Lisa: "I remember Prince laying down on a road case and somebody brought him some orange juice. I mean, he was just dripping with sweat." Wendy: "He was wearing a trench coat!" Prince is essentially conducting the band during that song, calling out changes on the fly, and even jumping on the drums at one point. How do you rehearse for something like that? Wendy: "It's not an easy answer. We were good listeners, and we had worked on the groove for quite some time, so we knew what was expected of us. It was all basically just, 'Keep your eye on him', and he'd give us signals on where he wanted to go." Lisa: "Sometimes he'd come up to my keyboards and jam a little bit and say, 'Play something like that'. But in this case, he just gave me the lead line, so I have the most boring part!" Wendy: "Really? Is that line all you do?" Lisa: "Well, I sing my ass off." Wendy: "I'm busy up there. The guitar part's very intricate." Lisa: "Sometimes, when I got really easy parts I'd get mad at Prince and play with a yo-yo on stage, going, 'I'm bored!'" SOMETIMES IT SNOWS IN APRIL Sometimes It Snows in April is the final track on Prince's second film, Under the Cherry Moon. It's an uncharacteristically spare and melancholy addition to the star's songbook, and deals with the passing of a beloved friend. After Prince died in April 2016, the song became his eulogy, and The Revolution regularly revisit it in concert. Wendy: "We were at Sunset Sound in Los Angeles, Prince, me and Lisa, just the three of us, and we were all in quiet moods. I picked up an acoustic and Lisa was playing piano and we just started coming up with a motif, a progression. Prince is very quick with words, so it kind of just happened in a couple of hours. He'd written the whole lyric and sung the whole song. It came very fast." Lisa: "He pushed for that dissonant chord when he sings 'Sometimes I wish'. He called it the 'Lisa chord' but it was actually his harmony that made it dissonant. It's beautiful the way it resolves." Wendy: "It was a nice night. I remember being very, very calm. There was no drama of any kind." There's a real fragility to that song. Wendy: "There were a few around that time. Power Fantastic had a lot of tenderness, and so did The Tears In Your Eyes. They all had that same kind of gentle quietness." Tell me more about the 'Lisa chord'. Wendy: "I'll tell you one thing about Lisa: All of the musicians that Prince hired over the years, including me, he can do all of their parts. The only musician he ever hired that he can't mimic was Lisa. She became invaluable to him and I believe, truly, that Lisa was his ultimate musical muse. I've always felt that way and I stick to my guns on that one." Lisa: "Wow." ALL MY DREAMS Prince was recording several potential albums, including the triple-disc Crystal Ball, when he suddenly called time on The Revolution. Bootlegs from those sessions have circulated amongst fans for years, and this All My Dreams is Wendy & Lisa's personal favourite. Wendy: "I wish Lisa and I could get our hands on All My Dreams and finish it up for him." Lisa: "That was such an interesting, fun, crazy day in the studio. When you listen to it, it's like a little movie or something. It had a carnival atmosphere." Wendy: "Do you remember around that time we took him to see Kid Creole and the Coconuts and he fell in love with August Darnell singing through the megaphone? He made [studio engineer] Susan Rogers buy him one for that song." Lisa: "It's so full of imagination. He sings, 'Lisa, I'm going to give you the paintbrush and you're going to paint the side of the train'. What does that mean?! And then I do some crazy piano solo, just pounding around, and we were just like, "Y'arr! This is great! This is just fantastic!'" Wendy: "I remember me and Lisa and my twin sister Susanna pulled out recorders we had from our school days, and Prince was like, 'Bring it on!' It was just a crazy time." You're in a reverie remembering it. Wendy: "Oh yeah, for sure. It was such a beautiful time of exploration." Lisa: "Sometimes the work was just work. But this? It was like kindergarten for songwriters. As musicians, as songwriters, we were a little bit nuts." Why did Prince withdraw from that psychedelic style? Wendy: "Because we were gone. And once we were gone, he turned into a different person. That's the nature of who he was." Lisa: "Prince always wanted to be great, so he needed to regroup and think, 'How do I reach the next level of my greatness? Is it a movie? Is it a different band?' He didn't know, but he had to find out - so it was like, 'Sorry, you guys. Too bad. See ya.'" The deluxe edition of 1999 is released on Friday. Lisa Coleman's solo piano album, Collage, is out now. Follow us on Facebook, or on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.

लिटिल रेड कार्वेट वह गीत है जिसने प्रिंस को एक सितारा बना दिया-आकस्मिक यौन संबंध के लिए एक सांसहीन गीत जिसने उन्हें 1983 में अपना पहला यू. एस. शीर्ष 10 हिट दिया और उन्हें मुख्यधारा से परिचित कराया।


Theresa May's nightmare speech

Summary: There has never been a speech quite like it. Even before she took to the platform Theresa May was fragile - politically, and in terms of her health, she has been struggling with a cold all week.

Laura KuenssbergPolitical editor@bbclaurakon Twitter But the awkwardness of watching her cough her way through what was meant to be a fightback was intense. Ovations were engineered by the cabinet to give her time to try to clear her throat. The stage manager at the conference venue was continually handing her cough sweets to try to get through. A prankster handing her a P45, interrupting her speech, ministers looking on in horror, trying to get him to leave before he was eventually bundled away in a huge media scrum, then handcuffed and surrounded by police. At moments it felt like it would be impossible for the prime minister to carry on with the speech, but she made it, just. But for how long can she continue in her job? Her allies are proclaiming the ordeal as a demonstration of her best values - her resilience and determination to keep going. No leader, though, wants the sympathy vote, they want to be respected, loved, and perhaps feared. And remember most MPs already think it is impossible for her to lead the party into the next election. Discussions have already been had about how and when she should go. There was a delicate consensus after the summer that she probably could stay in post until the Brexit negotiations were complete. But that was based on the assumption that nothing major then went wrong. Well, today might have been it. One senior MP tells me today's events may "accelerate those conversations", about her departure. The conference was meant to be about restoring Theresa May's authority. It may prove instead to have been further undermined.

इस तरह का भाषण पहले कभी नहीं हुआ था। इस मंच पर आने से पहले भी थेरेसा मे कमजोर थीं-राजनीतिक रूप से, और अपने स्वास्थ्य के मामले में, वह पूरे सप्ताह सर्दी से जूझ रही थीं।


County Fermanagh: William Weir killed in motorbike crash

Summary: The man who died after a crash between a motorbike and a car in County Fermanagh was 21-year-old William Weir from Maguiresbridge.

The crash happened at about 18:00 GMT on Wednesday on the Belfast Road between Fivemiletown and Brookeborough, near Clogher Valley Golf Club. Police said Mr Weir was pronounced dead at the scene. The Northern Ireland Ambulance Service confirmed paramedics were also sent to the incident. The section of road was closed but has now been reopened. Police have appealed for witnesses.

काउंटी फरमानाघ में एक मोटरबाइक और एक कार के बीच दुर्घटना में मरने वाला व्यक्ति मैग्वायरब्रिज का 21 वर्षीय विलियम वेयर था।


Grohl supergroup announce UK tour

Summary: Them Crooked Vultures, the hard rock supergroup put together by Foo Fighters' frontman Dave Grohl, have announced a six-date UK tour for December.

The band begin the dates in Plymouth on 10 December before travelling to Portsmouth, Blackpool, Birmingham, Edinburgh and London. Along with Dave Grohl, the group also features Queens of the Stone Age singer Josh Homme and Led Zeppelin bassist John Paul Jones. Alain Johannes from Queens of the Stone Age appears with the band when they play live. Them Crooked Vultures played their first live gig in Chicago in August, followed that by supporting Arctic Monkeys in Brixton and made surprise appearances at the Reading and Leeds festivals last weekend. Their UK gigs are: Plymouth Pavilions (10 December) Portsmouth Guildhall (11 December) Blackpool Empress Ballroom (13 December) Birmingham O2 Academy (14 December) Edinburgh Corn Exchange (15 December) London Hammersmith Apollo (17 December)

फू फाइटर्स के फ्रंटमैन डेव ग्रोल द्वारा एक साथ रखे गए हार्ड रॉक सुपरग्रुप, देम क्रूक्ड वल्चर्स ने दिसंबर के लिए छह-दिवसीय यूके दौरे की घोषणा की है।


Federal Reserve raises interest rates again

Summary: The US Federal Reserve has raised interest rates again.

Officials increased the target for the bank's benchmark rate by 0.25%, to a range of 2%-2.25%. A majority of members also said they expect another rise before the end of the year. The move marks the bank's eighth rate rise since 2015, continuing its policy of gradual rate rises. Now investors are looking for clues about how high the Fed might go or signs its pace could accelerate. So far, US interest rates remain relatively low, reflecting the Fed's decision to lower them dramatically during the financial crisis in an effort to encourage borrowing and boost economic activity. But Federal Reserve Chair Jerome "Jay" Powell and other economists say today's economy is strong enough that such stimulus is no longer necessary - a shift the Fed marked on Wednesday by ending its description of its policy as "accommodative". Mr Powell said Wednesday's rate rise reflected the Fed's confidence in the US economy, describing it as a "particularly bright moment", But he acknowledged that the bank is hearing a "rising chorus of concerns" from businesses about the risk from new US trade tariffs, which have disrupted supply chains and led to retaliation against US exports. Mr Powell warned that a permanent shift to a "more protectionist world" would hurt the US and global economies, but added that for now, he expects the overall economic impact to remain relatively modest. "We don't see it in the numbers," he said at a press conference in Washington after the meeting. US gross domestic product grew at an annual pace of more than 4% in the second quarter of this year, and the unemployment rate continues to hover below 4% - near historic lows. Price inflation, which had been sluggish, has also started to pick up, hitting the Fed's 2% target - and exceeding it by some measures. Fed officials now expect the US economy to grow by 3.1% this year - faster than the 2.8% forecast in March, according to projections released after the meeting. Their predictions for inflation remained unchanged at around 2%. The forecasts show Fed officials expect about three rate rises in 2019 and one more in 2020, which would lift the bank's important federal funds rate to about 3.4% that year. Higher interest rates make borrowing more expensive, slowing economic activity and curbing price inflation. There have already been slowdowns some sectors in the US, such as home and car sales, where higher interest rates have led some price-conscious consumers to pull back. But Mr Powell said the US economy has successfully absorbed the increases so far, performing better than expected. Analysts worry that raising rates too quickly could tip the economy into recession. The increasing rates have also faced attacks from US President Donald Trump, who has broken with tradition by commenting on monetary policy. On Wednesday, he repeated those attacks, saying he would prefer to be able to borrow more cheaply. "I'm worried about the fact that they seem to like raising rates," he said. "We could do other things with the money." Mr Powell said the US economy has successfully absorbed the increases so far. He said the Fed does not factor politics into its decisions. Wednesday's rate rise "yet again demonstrates the Fed's faith that it can continue to raise rates gradually without slowing economic growth", said Kully Samra, UK managing director of Charles Schwab.

अमेरिकी फेडरल रिजर्व ने एक बार फिर ब्याज दरों में वृद्धि की है।


Heathrow expansion: What happens next?

Summary: Heathrow expansion has been in a holding pattern over west London for decades, and confirmation that the UK's largest airport has been given the go-ahead to build another runway does not necessarily guarantee its arrival any time soon.

By Bill WilsonBusiness reporter, BBC News In fact there could be periods of turbulence over the coming years before touchdown. The government-commissioned Airports Commission, led by Sir Howard Davies, last summer recommended construction of a third airstrip at Heathrow, and this proposal has now been backed by the government. The plan involves building a new 3,500m runway about two miles north of the two runways Heathrow already has, at an estimated cost of £17.6bn. So what will actually happen next and what does it mean for travellers? Timetable and legal challenges Heathrow says it expects the new runway to be open in 2025 - with the planning process dealt with by 2020, then four years to build the runway itself and another year to attend to the surrounding infrastructure needed. The airport say its expansion timetable has factored in the possibility of the runway decision going to a judicial review. And that looks a likely possibility given the bodies lined up to make a legal protest, including local councils, plus community and environmental groups. Indeed, the prime minister's local council has said it will spend £50,000 to challenge Heathrow expansion. Windsor and Maidenhead Council, in Theresa May's constituency, has teamed up with Hillingdon, Richmond and Wandsworth councils to fight the expansion. Overall, the four councils have pledged £200,000 towards a legal challenge. Residents' organisation Teddington Action Group (TAG) also says it is committed to launching legal proceedings. It says one of the key grounds for a judicial review into the expansion decision is the "apparent bias" of Sir Howard Davies, relating to his past roles at GIC Private Ltd, owner of an 11.9% share in Heathrow Airport Holdings. Heathrow chosen for expansion with third runway Airport expansion: the cost of delays Given this potential for legal hold-ups, the Independent's travel editor Simon Calder says, "I wouldn't book a ticket for the opening ceremony just yet." And it is not just legal challenges that could cause delays. Despite today's announcement it could be two years before a final "final" decision, thanks to convoluted parliamentary and planning processes. And there are those who think two years is the absolute minimum and that in reality it could take at least four years. Capacity build-up Heathrow envisages a three-runway airport providing up to 740,000 flights a year, up from the current 480,000. "What is interesting is what happens in terms of expanding capacity," says Mr Calder. "We are not going to get all the airlines just suddenly saying, 'We have another 50% more aircraft here.' There is going to have to be a gradual building up of their capacity." To handle the increased numbers, a new terminal building 6 will be built alongside the new runway, while Mr Calder adds that existing terminals 5 and 2 could process more passengers than they do at present. "For most people the flying experience out of Heathrow will not change much," he says. "It may be that there will be less waiting time before boarding. "There will obviously be the new terminal building near to the third runway. And there will need to be some new infrastructure in order for passengers to connect to this terminal. "Where there should be noticeable change though is for incoming passengers - there will certainly be much less time holding in the air before landing." Once passengers land, there will also need to be extra public transport infrastructure in place at an expanded Heathrow. The airport has plans for two main passenger transport hubs - Heathrow West (Terminals 5 and 6) and Heathrow East (an extended Terminal 2) - connected by an underground passenger transport and baggage system. Current transport routes which could be developed into the enlarged airport include a Heathrow Express extension, and a Great Western Railways service. And Crossrail and Southern rail may also provide transport services into the airport in future. Airline routes With regards to airlines, British Airways, which has roughly half of all slots at Heathrow, will almost certainly stay in Terminal 5, and the expanded Terminal 2 seems set to remain as the base for airlines that make up the Star Alliance grouping. Meanwhile, Easyjet, which already serves four London airports - Luton, Stansted, Southend and Gatwick - is set to move in and open a new base at Terminal 4. It plans to compete with BA, and has promised to restore some links around the UK - such as to Inverness, the Isle of Man and Jersey. Commission chair Sir Howard Davies has also predicted there could be up to a dozen new long-haul routes out of the expanded Heathrow to important emerging cities in Asia and elsewhere. Meanwhile, Heathrow says that early morning arrivals will end, and it may be that airlines BA, Cathay Pacific and Virgin Atlantic will have to delay their departures from Hong Kong until after midnight so they touch down not earlier than 05:30 in London. At the moment several flights from the Far East arrive before 5am each day. Regional connections While most of the focus in the run-up to today's decision has been on Heathrow and rival Gatwick, there is also a further regional element in play. A body called Raba (Regional and Business Airports group), which represents smaller regional airports in the UK, has been backing Heathrow expansion. It has been predicting benefits for passengers and companies across the country if the Heathrow plans got the go-ahead. The body points out that in 1990, 18 UK regional airports had regular scheduled flights connecting their regions to Heathrow, but today there are just eight. Indeed, at present Amsterdam's Schiphol airport, not Heathrow, is the main hub airport for flights from UK domestic airports. Raba says that for three years it has been working with the Airports Commission and Heathrow to envisage a new domestic network that will give all parts of the UK access to the expanded Heathrow. "With an expanded Heathrow, the value of the slots will come down, which will help," says Mr Calder. Regional airports will be looking to see two specific things from Heathrow, he says - lower charges for domestic links than for other short-haul flights, and the allocation of extra slots for domestic flights. Passenger fees Meanwhile, who will pay for the new runway to get it up and running roughly a decade from now? Heathrow says the taxpayer will pay £1.2bn for surface infrastructure that is deemed to benefit the wider travelling public (roads, trains etc) as opposed to just airport users, though the Airports Commission puts this figure at £5bn and Transport for London estimates the taxpayer will end up paying £15bn. But it is passengers over the coming years who will face increased charges to pay for most of the airport expansion. There is expected to be an increase in the per-departing-passenger fees Heathrow charges to airlines. It means airlines and passengers operating over the coming years may have to pay for infrastructure that they won't be able to use until 2025. And British Airways chief executive Alex Cruz said if Heathrow "were to react very quickly saying from 1 January we're going to add £10 [to airport charges], we wouldn't react very well. "We would very much oppose such a move."

हीथ्रो का विस्तार दशकों से पश्चिम लंदन में एक होल्डिंग पैटर्न में रहा है, और यह पुष्टि कि ब्रिटेन के सबसे बड़े हवाई अड्डे को एक और रनवे बनाने के लिए आगे बढ़ने की अनुमति दी गई है, जरूरी नहीं कि जल्द ही इसके आगमन की गारंटी हो।


#towerlives: Betty Campbell's fight for childhood dream

Summary: #towerlives, a week-long BBC festival of storytelling and music, on air and on the ground, in and around the council estate tower blocks of Butetown in Cardiff, has reached its final day. Its aim is to give a platform to voices from a community often talked about but rarely heard. In the final in a series of stories from the towers the BBC news website talks to Betty Campbell MBE, Wales' first black head teacher. As a young black girl in post-war Britain, the road to realising a childhood dream and inspire self belief in a disinherited community was far from easy.

By Ceri JacksonBBC news Growing up in Tiger Bay Betty Johnson used to love reading Enid Blyton's Malory Towers and would imagine she was part of the adventures of the boarding school girls. The Malory Towers books were based on the exclusive Benenden public girls' school in Kent, where Blyton sent her daughter. Benenden may have been a world away from the tough urban melting pot of Cardiff's docklands - one of the UK's first multicultural communities - but that did not matter to the young Betty Johnson. Those girls born into privileged Home Counties' families were no better than her. And besides, she had something no amount of money could buy; a hard edge and an unbreakable determination. Her father having been killed during the war and her mother making ends meet as an illegal street bookmaker, young Betty's unlikely dreams of Malory Towers became a reality when she won a scholarship to Cardiff's Lady Margaret High School for Girls. "All I wanted to do was wear a nice uniform," says Mrs Campbell, 81, who always urges people to call her 'Betty' but due to her respect and standing in the community no one ever does. "One thing I really loved was being in the tennis team. I never had my own racket but you'd have one from the school and I used to walk down Bute Street carrying my tennis racket and think I was top of the pops." While she may have made it to a school in a more prosperous district of the city, her feet always remained firmly on home ground. She lived by her mother Nora's mantra: "You're no better than anyone else but then again no beggar's better than you either." And if she ever forgot it, Nora was always close by to remind her. "I remember going to Evan Roberts' department store in town to get my uniform with my mother," she says. "There was this old man, a tramp called Brooksie and he used to place bets with my mother. I heard him calling to her 'Nora! Nora! Who won the half-past three?' "I said 'come on mam' and tried to pull her away. She turned to me and said 'let me tell you something my girl that man is paying for this uniform so you give him some respect'. But as a black girl in post-war Britain, even one who always came top of the class, she would soon realise that her mother's sense of egalitarianism was not universally shared. "When I was in form three of high school I told the head mistress that I wanted to be a teacher," says Mrs Campbell, who was awarded an MBE in 2003 for services to education and community life. "I'll never forget her saying 'oh my dear, the problems would be insurmountable'," "Those are the words she used. I went back to my desk and I cried. That was the first time I ever cried in school. "It made me more determined; I was going to be a teacher by hook or by crook." But a bus trip taken when she was a teenager to a dance in Pontypridd could so easily have proved her head teacher right. On the bus she met fitter's mate Rupert Campbell, who, like her father, had come to Cardiff from Jamaica. They became a couple and she fell pregnant. In the middle of her A-levels, at the age of 17, she left school when she got married in 1953. "I had my first three children within three years but I'd never given up my dream of being a teacher," she says. "I remember reading an article in the South Wales Echo which said Cardiff Training College was taking on female students for the first time, this was in 1960. "They were only taking six day students and I told my mother I was going to be one of them. "She said 'don't be so bloody soft. You've got three kids. How are you going to do that?' I said 'mamma, I want to be one of them'. Mrs Campbell went for an interview and was offered a place. "As a child there were always people coming in from outside to manage things in our lives and I thought there must come a time when we can manage them ourselves," she says. "I always felt that black people weren't getting their fair share from society." "I had ambitions of running my own school. People would have said it was all pie-in-the-sky but I thought 'no, I'll have a go'. By the time she started her degree in education, she had given birth to her fourth child, who had special needs and was prone to seizures. Undeterred, and with considerable help of her mother, family and friends, she ploughed on with her studies. Her first teaching post was in another part of Cardiff, Llanrumney, and when a vacancy came up at the local Mount Stuart Primary School, she jumped at it. "When I got back down to Tiger Bay it wasn't all honey," she says. "They hadn't seen a black teacher before. One mother said to me 'oh well, we heard you were good in Llanrumney but we'll see what you're like down here'. "It was as if you could do a job but if you're black you're weren't quite as good." It was a mind-set she was determined to change. During visits to relatives in America she was inspired by accounts of people fighting for black rights, among them Harriet Tubman. An abolitionist and humanitarian, herself born into slavery, she had led several mission to rescue enslaved family and friends. "I was going to let the children know that there were black people doing great things," says Mrs Campbell who last year was awarded for a lifetime contribution to black history in education in Wales. "I wanted them to be inspired too. I made it my mission to teach them about black history when I became head teacher at Mount Stuart." Mrs Campbell refused to shield children from what was going on in the world and subjects like Apartheid were part of the curriculum. "I had students from the teacher training college come into the school," she recalls. "I said to one of them you will have to look at Apartheid in South Africa. "She came back the next day and said her lecturer through it was maybe a bit too difficult a subject for children. I said 'difficult? Go and ask the black kids in South Africa if it's too difficult'. "As part of the school project we did a play on Nelson Mandela's life and at the end the children wrote letters to him. Coincidently shortly afterwards he was released so we always say we played a part in Nelson Mandela being released." Eight years later in 1998, Mrs Campbell, a member of the Commission for Racial Equality, was invited to meet Nelson Mandela during his only visit to Wales when he accepted Freedom of the City of Cardiff. "He'd been a fantastic role model to the children," she says. "Even though they lived in a deprived area, a multiracial area, a crime-ridden area, whatever you want to call it, people have risen to achieve great things from the way we lived here." "The whole of Cardiff had a low opinion of Butetown. I'd really like to get a grant and study what contribution it has made to society. "Children have gone on to become doctors, solicitors, teachers. Look at Louise Kelton a US police marshal nominated by President Obama and Dr Iris Musa who became head of physiotherapy in Cardiff." Under her indefatigable leadership, people had started to take notice of Mount Stuart Primary School down the docks. In 1994 she was asked if Prince Charles could attend the school's annual St David's Day eisteddfod. "He was fantastic, the way he treated us and the time he took to talk to people," Mrs Campbell says. "I'd been firmly told that he won't say anything so I wasn't to ask him. Well I didn't listen and I said to him 'Your Highness I think people would like to hear from you' and he said 'certainly'. "He had everyone in the place laughing and clapping. He was only due to stay for about 15 minutes but I think he stayed for 40 minutes. He was brilliant." By that stage Tiger Bay, the area officially known as Butetown, had dramatically changed. The glory days of Welsh coal being exported all over the world, which had seen Cardiff docks catapulted to the international fame, were over and so were the jobs. As part of a slum clearance which began in the 1960s, Tiger Bay was bulldozed and a council estate built in its place. Mrs Campbell's mother was among the first residents who moved into one of two tower blocks of flats. The area remains Cardiff's most multicultural but she says it has suffered over the years from being used a dumping ground "for people who couldn't live socially anywhere else". Even so she has steadfastly refused to move away. It is her home, she insists. "I don't think at the time we appreciated what we had with the old Tiger Bay," she says. "We had so many people from so many different countries, so many religions and you learned a lot from them. "We were a good example to the rest of the world, how you can live together regardless of where you come from or the colour of your skin. "There was respect for everybody and nobody thought they were better or worse than anyone else. That's what's gone today. How times have changed." Times and Tiger Bay may have changed but Betty Campbell's legacy as a head teacher endures, trickling its way down the generations, to the children and grandchildren of former pupils. On the last day of primary school before going to the local senior school, called Fitzalan, it was a custom for Mrs Campbell to gather the children together. "I'd always tell them that when they get to Fitzalan people would think 'oh they're from the docks, they won't be able to achieve much'. "And I'd say to them 'are they going to be right or wrong?' and all the kids would shout and scream 'they're wrong! they're wrong!'." Just as Mrs Campbell had done with those who had doubted her, so many of the children who left Mount Stuart went on to prove to the world, not just Fitzalan and Cardiff, that yes, they had indeed been wrong.

कार्डिफ में ब्यूटाउन के काउंसिल एस्टेट टावर ब्लॉकों में और उसके आसपास, हवा में और जमीन पर, कहानी कहने और संगीत का एक सप्ताह तक चलने वाला बी. बी. सी. उत्सव, अपने अंतिम दिन तक पहुंच गया है। इसका उद्देश्य एक समुदाय की आवाज़ों को एक मंच देना है जिसके बारे में अक्सर बात की जाती है लेकिन शायद ही कभी सुना जाता है। टावरों की कहानियों की एक श्रृंखला में अंतिम में बी. बी. सी. समाचार वेबसाइट बेट्टी कैंपबेल एम. बी. ई., वेल्स की पहली अश्वेत प्रधान शिक्षक से बात करती है। युद्ध के बाद ब्रिटेन में एक युवा अश्वेत लड़की के रूप में, बचपन के सपने को साकार करने और विरासत से वंचित समुदाय में आत्मविश्वास को प्रेरित करने का रास्ता आसान नहीं था।