King Arthur: Welsh, English, Brythonic or made up?

Summary: Who was King Arthur and how Welsh was he?

By Neil PriorBBC News These are two of the questions up for debate at a new exhibition at the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth. From ancient Brythonic warlord to mythical chivalric king with a court anywhere from Wales to Glastonbury or as far north as Scotland - it is hard to separate myth, legend and fact. According to curator Dr Maredudd ap Huw, these unknowns lie at the heart of King Arthur's enduring appeal. "The beauty of Arthur is that he was - indeed, according to some 'is' - whoever you want him to be," said Dr ap Huw. "There is some early evidence to suggest that there was an Arthur in the 4th or 5th Centuries. "Though in all likelihood he was very far removed from the romantic depictions of (writers) Thomas Malory and Alfred, Lord Tennyson." However, just how Welsh he would have been is a "moot point", Dr ap Huw added. Before the Saxons drove the Brythonic people (Celtic Britons) west and north, there was no recognised entity of an independent Wales, making his nationality hard to ascertain. The exhibition brings together all the crucial texts which have informed our perception of Arthur for more than a millennium. One of the exhibits is the 13th Century Book of Aneirin, which includes a 6th Century poem describing a battle near what is now Catterick in North Yorkshire. Dr ap Huw said one reference in it is extremely telling. A young Brythonic hero called Gwawrddur is described as fighting valiantly against the Saxons "although he was no Arthur". "It is possible to infer (from this) that the legend of Arthur as a fearsome warlord was already well-established by the 6th Century," Dr ap Huw added. But the man who drew all the threads together and introduced Arthur's wife Guinevere, his sword Excalibur and the Knights of the Round Table was Geoffrey of Monmouth. Dr ap Huw describes the 12th Century writer as "the most influential author in the history of Wales". "Forget Dylan Thomas, what Geoffrey wrote had a far more profound impact on world thinking and the perception of Arthur as a Welsh hero," he said. "Writing in Latin, his ideas rapidly spread throughout Europe, and via Chretien De Troyes, fed into the French-Norman ideals of chivalric kingship. "Geoffrey claimed as his source an ancient Welsh manuscript which was then lost, never to be found. Read into that what you will, but what is certainly true to say is that it is still essentially Geoffrey's version of King Arthur which we are taught as children, right up to the present day." Arthur's castle Camelot and other characters such as the wizard Merlin are then referenced in the 13th Century Black Book of Carmarthen. There he is described as "a war veteran who has lost his wits in battle in Scotland, and has developed the gift of being able to talk to animals". But it was not until the 15th and 16th Century that "Arthur Mania" reached its heights after William Caxton published Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur. While Geoffrey of Monmouth set Camelot in the former Roman stronghold of Caerleon, near Newport, Malory anchored it as a thoroughly English tale. So much so that King Henry VII named his eldest son Arthur in honour of the legend. By 1534, Polydore Vergil's Anglica Historia had debunked much of Geoffrey of Monmouth's work, and cast doubt on the very existence of a historical Arthur at all. "Virgil's account wasn't wholly accepted. John Prise - a lawyer for Thomas Cromwell - published a rebuttal in defence of Arthur, but by then the historiographic interest in Arthur was already fatally damaged. "That's not to say we'd forgotten about him altogether. Edmund Spencer's Faerie Queene drew heavily on Arthurian tradition and, when it was presented to Queen Elizabeth I in 1590, she was so delighted that she awarded him a pension of £50 a year for life," Dr ap Huw said. "But by then Arthur had become a Britannia or Gloriana-type figurehead for a nation. "The historical Arthur was dead…though there are some who say he never died, and is simply waiting to wake again when his country needs him."

राजा आर्थर कौन थे और वे कैसे वेल्श थे?


Great Manchester Run: 'I'm running for the city'

Summary: For a few horrifying hours on Monday night Mancunians were stunned into silence as we learnt that 22 people went to a pop concert and never came home. But today, as tens of thousands of runners and spectators packed the city centre for its annual Great Run, Manchester roared.

By Mark McGregorBBC News, Great Manchester Run There was no escaping the jarring new addition to this year's Great Manchester Run: armed police. By the start line, down side streets, even on rooftops. Their presence was felt everywhere. Indeed, early arrivals into the city were greeted with more officers than runners, their black uniforms standing stark against the sea of balloons and colour on Portland Street, where the annual 10k race begins. But we knew why they were necessary. The UK terror threat may just have been downgraded from critical to severe but the terrible events of Monday are still too raw, too close for anyone in Manchester to object to armed police on our streets. If runners were anxious by the presence though, few showed it. The smiles of anticipation were still there on the faces of those determined to enjoy the day. Laughter among groups of friends and running clubs still rang out above the general buzz of the start pens. Earlier, as the crowd built and more and more runners streamed off Metrolink trams to head to the start line - and their upcoming battle with the road and clock - some admitted to lingering nerves. "It crosses your mind about something happening," says Kathryn, from Chorlton in south Manchester, who was running in memory of her parents and also to honour the victims of the attack. "However, if it's going to happen there's nothing you can do about it. So we just have to keep going - and that's what we will do." Carmel Jacobs, from Bolton, brought her children Dhilan, eight, and four-year-old Sahana to take part in the junior run - and cheer on husband Marcus in the earlier half marathon. "Earlier on in the week we weren't going to bring these two," she says, gesturing to the children. "But actually in the end we thought 'no, we're going to come'. And I'm really pleased we did." Rhys Jacob, 36, from Marple Bridge, also ran the half but decided not bring his wife and daughter to cheer him on, admitting to a "little bit" of nervousness about the security situation. "It was quite emotional at the start. There was a minute's silence… and then we got going and everyone got it into it - and it felt good," he says, describing the level of security as reassuring. For many, running is the ultimate solitary sport. You versus the road with just your mind and body to propel you forward. But events like these are more than that. The power of thousands of people competing against themselves, together, can be a humbling experience. And the Great Manchester Run is more than a run, it's a celebration of people. Every year, you see it in the faces of the spectators roaring their loved ones to the finish line on Deansgate, one of the main thoroughfares through the city centre. You see joy, belief. Above all, pride. You see it on the thousands upon thousands of "I'm running for" signs on the backs of runners to celebrate the lives of loved-ones they've lost, or the people who've helped them in their darkest hours. Today was different. Most simply read: "Manchester". This determination to celebrate the city was echoed by many of those taking part. They included Brian Leigh, 47, from Sale, who was clear on what he wanted from the day. "Just to soak the atmosphere up, feel the love from the crowd," he beams. "We're proud Mancunians so we just want to be here for the day really and show our solidarity." Foremost in everyone's minds as we anxiously waited to cross the start line was honouring the victims of Monday, and thinking of those who continue to lie in hospital beds across this city and its surrounding boroughs. Another Chorlton runner, Claire, 34, says she was running for Manchester Children's Hospital because it's "more important than ever to support them". "And I think it's important for those of us in Manchester that we're carrying on with life as normal and getting [out there] together," she adds, before heading to the start line to join the first wave of runners. In that first group there was a new addition to proceedings from previous years - poet Tony Walsh, aka "Longfella", whose This is the Place recital folded even the hardest of hearts at the vigil for victims earlier in this difficult week. As pre-run nerves turned inevitably to thoughts of those affected by the arena attack, he had more inspirational words in new poem, "Do Something". And as he urged all of us to "do something to show them what you're made of, beat something you're afraid of", I looked around and saw determination in the faces of those listening. Most of us, I'm sure, found an extra reserve of energy to take on those personal battles. And then we were off, a horn sending thousands of people forward down Portland Street and out towards Chester Road and Manchester United's Old Trafford Stadium, the thoughts now on finishing the race. The crowds were noticeably thinner, both on the way out to Salford Quays and the home straight up Deansgate. That was perhaps inevitable, given what this city has just been through. But their power was not diminished. Personally, I was struggling in the last few hundred metres with heavy legs and a rapidly escaping target time when a man running for the Alzheimer's Society shouted, suddenly: "Come On Manchester, get us home." The roar was simply deafening.

सोमवार की रात को कुछ डरावने घंटों के लिए मैनकुनियन चुप हो गए क्योंकि हमें पता चला कि 22 लोग एक पॉप संगीत कार्यक्रम में गए थे और कभी घर नहीं आए। लेकिन आज, जब हजारों की संख्या में धावक और दर्शक अपने वार्षिक ग्रेट रन के लिए शहर के केंद्र में जमा हो गए, मैनचेस्टर ने गर्जना की।


Covid: How to help someone who's grieving

Summary: The number of people who've died with Covid in the UK has passed 100,000. It's a devastating number and it leaves behind many thousands of grieving friends and families. So how can you support someone through the loss of a loved one?

By Lindsay BrownNewsbeat reporter "For every person who dies, around eight to ten people are significantly affected," psychotherapist Julia Samuel tells Radio 1 Newsbeat. Restrictions on going to funerals and rules around household mixing mean the normal support networks might not be as easy to reach. Here's what you can do to help someone dealing with grief. Show up consistently "Your friend will need your support for a lifetime," Amber Jeffrey says. Amber set up the Grief Gang podcast and Instagram page after her mum Sue died. She says the idea was to reach out to others like her. The 23-year-old suggests being specific when offering help. "Don't use the phrase 'let me know if you need anything' - instead just do something. "So be like, 'I'm not going to ask you what you need, I'm going to bring round a lasagne and leave it on your doorstep, or pick up your washing'." She says anything that makes life easier for the person grieving is likely to be a big help. Listen more than you speak "The single best thing we can do as a friend is to listen - whether that's on the phone, Zoom or Snapchat," Julia says. "Listen five times more than you talk. As a friend we feel we have to fix it and make it better, but then of course we say all the wrong stuff." Julia says acknowledging a person's loss can be a huge comfort too. "Just by saying sorry your grandfather or father or aunt died, it's an act people will remember forever." It was a combination of speaking and listening to others that helped Lobby Akinnola, who lost his dad Femi to Covid-19 last April. "I started listening to podcasts - 'Griefcast' and 'I'm Terrible Thanks for Asking'. Just hearing other people's stories and hearing that they'd been through this kind of thing and it doesn't have to be the end," he says. Grief counselling also helped. "Just that opportunity to talk. There's always something of an expectation that kids will just bounce back, but it knocked me for six." Grieving isn't like the movies "There's a Hollywood idea of grieving, so you might expect your friend to be sobbing and not able to get out of bed - and that's true for some people," Rosie Rawson says. The 28-year-old's mum, Trish, died after getting Covid-19 in May. Rosie says grief isn't consistent. Some days are OK - you might be laughing and happy. Other times you want to curl up and watch a film. "The best thing to do as a friend is not put your opinion on how someone should be grieving or how they should behave. Let them do what they need to do or say what they want to say." Julia agrees, adding that sometimes a grieving person may want lots of sex or want to dance and have fun. "Let them be whoever they are and let them say funny jokes," she says. "When I first heard dad died, I just fell apart. Completely fell apart. I wasn't doing anything, wasn't getting up in the mornings, I was barely looking after myself," Lobby says. "What I'd say to others going through grief is, you're going to feel what you feel. "There's no right or wrong way to grieve. Don't pressure yourself that you have to be a certain way. The other advice I'd give is just talk about the person that's gone. Not just about their death, there's a whole life of a person before that. " Remember significant dates "We're very bad at talking about death," says Rachel Wilson, who founded The Grief Network. It's an online community for bereaved young people, which she set up after her mum died. The 28-year-old says checking in on dates like anniversaries, religious events or birthdays really helps. "It's not just the first week or month your friend will need support - continue to check in - allow them to remember their lost one. "If it's a parent of your friend for example, even if you don't have many memories, it's really nice to hear about them so share those memories. And don't worry about upsetting them, they already feel sad and it's not your fault." Remind them they're not alone It's lonely grieving in a pandemic, especially at a time when you aren't able to meet up with friends and family and have a hug. Hannah Brady's dad Shaun died in with Covid-19 in May. She says it's really important to stay in touch with your friends. "I would encourage people to private message, drop someone a text, a call, or send a card. It reminds them that although they are alone in grief, that you're there to walk through it with them." Don't always expect a reply Rosie says having to reply to all the WhatsApp messages, texts and letters she received was overwhelming. A simple message followed by the words "don't feel you have to reply" relieved her of that stress. "It takes the pressure off so I could respond when I had the headspace. There's a lot of admin with having to reply - sometimes to people you haven't spoken to in ages." And don't give up on them! "Even dropping a call without checking it's OK allows the grieving person to decide whether they want to chat," Rachel says. "If you've tried a couple of times and there's no answer - don't give up. They may not be feeling up to it now - maybe a few weeks or months down the line they may well be." For more information and help on bereavement, check out the BBC advice pages. Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here.

ब्रिटेन में कोविड से मरने वाले लोगों की संख्या 100,000 को पार कर गई है। यह एक विनाशकारी संख्या है और यह कई हजारों शोक संतप्त दोस्तों और परिवारों को पीछे छोड़ देता है। तो आप किसी प्रियजन को खोने के माध्यम से किसी का समर्थन कैसे कर सकते हैं?


Frank Gardner: Getting Frank on the 'iceberg' of disability

Summary: It is 16 years since BBC correspondent Frank Gardner and his cameraman Simon Cumbers were ambushed by al-Qaeda in Saudi Arabia. Gardner was shot six times and paralysed, his cameraman, killed. Now, he has gone behind those headlines to expose the things about disability we never talk about.

By Beth RoseBBC News "I want people to see the iceberg beneath the surface," Gardner says of his new BBC documentary, Being Frank. "People look at somebody in a wheelchair, like me, and they probably think 'poor guy, I wonder if he needs a bit of help?' What they don't see is all the stuff that we have to deal with beneath the surface." Gardner, 59, a fluent Arabic speaker, spent years living and working in the Middle East. He was a student in Cairo before working as a banker in Bahrain. He turned to journalism in his 30s and is now the BBC's security correspondent. In 2004 Gardner and his cameraman Simon Cumbers became the headline. They were filming in a residential district in Saudi Arabia's capital, Riyadh, following gun battles between the police and al-Qaeda - the extremist Islamist group behind the 9/11 attacks in America. In footage of the assault, released for the first time in the documentary, Gardner is seen chatting to one of their minders while Cumbers films the quiet neighbourhood with children looking on. Off camera, a man with a pistol gets out of a car. "We got ambushed - al-Qaeda. They shot us at point blank range." The first bullet went through Gardner's shoulder, the second in his leg. "Then they stood over me and put the rest into me". There is a grim photograph of Gardner on the floor, his white clothes blood-stained, propping himself up. A crowd started to gather around him but no one came to his aid. Betrayal is "exactly what it felt like", says Gardner, who had spent half his life understanding the customs and cultures of the Middle East, "As I lay on the Tarmac with all these bullets inside me, bleeding internally, I remember thinking 'this is so unfair'. I have gone to such lengths to understand and empathise with the culture and the religion of this region and the reward is six bullets in the belly?" Against the odds Gardner survived, but his injuries were life-changing. He was paralysed from the knees down. Although he can now stand with callipers and a frame it's "more practical to stick with the wheelchair". "My insides were shot to pieces," he says. Large sections of his "squibbly bits" (intestines) were removed, leaving him with a colostomy bag. He did not become bitter at the unfairness he initially felt, but this documentary enabled him to scrutinise the facts again. The big moments, like the attack itself, he has revisited many times. But it is the smaller ones like returning to the intensive care unit in London where he was flown for treatment, which visibly moved him. "It was pretty grim going back. Hearing that depressing sound of those monitoring machines. It just brought it all back. "I had so much wrong with me and the frustration of being just imprisoned in that bed. I could hear children playing in the corridor and they weren't mine, and just the thought that I would never again run into the sea with my kids or climb a tree with them. The reality is when you come out of hospital you find other ways of doing it, but at the time it was very, very depressing." The documentary gave him a chance to reflect on those moments and show the long-lasting, often over-looked, impact such a trauma can cause. For Gardner "top of the tree" is managing the nerve pain in his legs which hasn't ceased since the attack. Sometimes he has "mallet days" where it feels like someone is "taking a huge mallet and whacking the side of my knee - it lasts from five to 10 seconds, but it's so painful I can hardly speak". The documentary is broadcast as the UK marks 25 years of the Disability Discrimination Act, a landmark law which outlawed discrimination against disabled people. It is remorseless in its portrayal of Gardner's life and shows him changing his suprapubic catheter - a tube that drains urine from the bladder via a cut in his stomach. It is a rigmarole he must endure every eight weeks. Recently it became stuck and he had to go to A&E. "They had to give me morphine and the doctor was literally having to brace himself against the table to pull this thing out," he says. "I want people to see that despite all of this... you're still able to lead a pretty normal life." Gardner returned to work 10 months after the attack with his first foreign trip a month later. While he is rightly vocal about the discrimination he faces, such as wheelchairs being misplaced by staff at airports, he's not known for being emotional. So has he dealt with the trauma psychologically? "I'm not complacent about it at all, because I know that PTSD can rise up and get you years late. I've not bottled anything up." He has worked with renowned psychiatrist Prof Neil Greenberg to explore the emotional impact of the trauma. "I was in floods of tears as I let everything out," Gardner says. "My advice to anybody who has had a traumatic incident - write it down in your laptop and password protect it. You may never use it, but get it all out there. It's cathartic." The talking was also key to Gardner accepting and understanding his impairments. Prof Greenberg told him: "Don't waste any emotional energy on the things that you used to be able to do. Think about all the things you can." It opened Gardner's mind and he re-learned how to ski and scuba dive. He still has had to deal with many frustrations, but he tries to make peace with them. "My disability has hugely affected my ability to get on air [at work] in interesting places," he says, often because those places can be unpredictable. But he continues to give most things a go even if they seem outrageous to others. In a hair-raising moment in the documentary Gardner attempts to go down a steep ravine in Colombia on horseback. He eventually concludes it is too precarious and reveals a fall would break both his legs as the bones have become weakened. But he sees this trial and error as just another part of being disabled. "Don't let this stuff be a hindrance, don't be embarrassed about it," he says. "It shouldn't stop you doing what you want to do. " Returning to his trauma 16 years on hasn't altered Gardner's mindset on disability, but it has given him chance to pass his knowledge and expertise on to others. "There's so much to live for. I love doing nature photography, my kids are such wonderful girls and I'm very lucky to have a lovely girlfriend. "It's been about encouraging other people. To empower them to do what they want to do." UK viewers can watch Being Frank: The Frank Gardner Story on Thursday 5 November at 21:00 GMT on BBC Two and on BBC iPlayer. UK's disability rights law at 25 For more disability news, follow BBC Ouch on Twitter and Facebook and subscribe to the weekly podcast on BBC Sounds.

बीबीसी संवाददाता फ्रैंक गार्डनर और उनके कैमरामैन साइमन कंबर्स को सऊदी अरब में अल-कायदा द्वारा घात लगाकर हमला किए हुए 16 साल हो चुके हैं। गार्डनर को छह बार गोली मारी गई और लकवाग्रस्त कर दिया गया, उनके कैमरामैन को मार दिया गया। अब, वह उन सुर्खियों के पीछे चले गए हैं ताकि उन अक्षमताओं के बारे में बात की जा सके जिनके बारे में हम कभी बात नहीं करते हैं।


Musicians in lockdown: 'My piano kept me going'

Summary: Bolton-based photographer Marge Bradshaw asked musicians to share their personal stories of life in lockdown, after the pandemic left thousands of jobs at risk and hundreds of UK music venues under threat of closure.

Lindsay Garvin - piano tuner, piano teacher, solo pianist "When Covid-19 restrictions were first announced, I was in denial about the severity of the situation. "Fortunately, my piano teaching and tuning business has grown throughout the pandemic. "I think it's because with more free time, people turn to their creativity. "I feel very grateful to have had wonderful, loyal students all determined to adapt to Zoom lessons, when necessary. "It's been heart-warming to witness students' continued dedication to learning the piano, despite the many obstacles they faced. "In anticipation of a bottleneck demand for future weddings, I'm currently rehearsing set lists as a solo pianist. "I am most definitely looking forward to returning to performing live." Simon Kojo Sackey - guitarist for Kojo "It's hard to keep motivated to play, knowing that you've no gig at the weekends. "Finances have also been tight. "My family has kept me going and I've spent a lot of time looking after our youngest one. "On a positive side, I've started to record songs again, which I haven't done for a while." Jo Byrne - guitarist, pianist, vocalist for Phantom Voices "My whole lifestyle has changed as a result of Covid-19. "I've been gigging multiple times a week for the last 15 years and I've orientated my life around that. "To go from being so busy to having nothing at all has been a massive shock. "While I love writing and recording, I'm primarily a live performer and that's what I love to do. "My piano has kept me going. "Whenever I'm feeling frustrated or fed up, I can sit and play for a few hours and it's like meditation for me." Rick Hughes - drum teacher "As a professional musician, the toughest thing is that it's your livelihood and you have no idea whether it will ever return. "A whole industry in a state of suspended animation with no end in sight. "I definitely won't take anything for granted again, that's for sure. "My fantastic family have been awesome and kept me from losing my mind on a few occasions. "Mind you, me and my wife came close to madness home-schooling our eight-year-old!" Geraldine Green - clarinet, penny whistle, bodhran, piano and cello "Before Covid-19 struck, I played with the Bolton Symphony Orchestra, Bolton Chamber Orchestra and for my local church music group. "I also played folk gigs, shows and many, many concerts, both professionally and with amateur groups. "I'm also a teacher. Pre-coronavirus, I had 22 students - now I have 10! "The toughest thing is definitely the loss of playing together in my orchestras. It was both my work and my social life - all now gone. "I miss the spiritual feeling of music, our dear audiences, concerts, rehearsals, friendships and the camaraderie. "I am grieving the loss of it, horribly." Tommy Govan - guitarist for The Govans "The closure of hospitality has led to all my bookings being cancelled. "I set up Tommy's Street Parties, where I would take a gazebo and all of my equipment to a street and people would sit on their drives and listen and dance to my performances. "It was a lot of fun and it was nice to see people happy with smiles on their faces again." Rob Young - guitarist, banjoist for The Two Hats Blues Band and Rambling Rob Young "I'm really missing [gigs]. "The Two Hats Blues Band were semi-professional and knocked in about 150 live gigs in 2019, every single weekend out on the road, up and down motorways with a van full of gear. "All of a sudden it was taken away. "It's a really tough time for musicians right now and indeed anyone working in the performing arts. "A world without live music feels like living in a house with no windows. "Live music is uplifting, it's nourishing, it's social glue. "It's well and truly missed by me." Josh Jenkinson - lead guitarist for The Deadbeats "Like all musicians, I really miss the thrill of being on stage. "I've been keeping as busy as possible, including recording and composing, as well as building a guitar over the lockdown period. "You end up lacking a sense of purpose and really miss doing what you're supposed to do. "I can't wait to get back gigging." Gaz Jenkins - vocalist, Billy Joel Tribute UK "I've been able to play a few gigs here and there, with my last one being in October. "People are usually swinging from the rafters, but due to the ban on audiences dancing and singing it was quite a subdued affair. "I quite enjoyed the break during the first lockdown, if I'm being totally honest. "I've been gigging professionally for over 20 years. I've missed out on so many things - holidays, family events, social gatherings - and a lot of my friendships and relationships have suffered because of it, so it was nice to stop and take stock. "That being said, it's made me realise that I don't really know how to do anything else, and that came as a bit of a worry. "I've applied for various jobs over the last few months, but haven't had any luck. "I need the scene to come back as soon as possible, so I can reinstate my sense of self-worth." Photographs and interviews by Marge Bradshaw.

बोल्टन स्थित फोटोग्राफर मार्ज ब्रैडशॉ ने संगीतकारों से लॉकडाउन में अपने जीवन की व्यक्तिगत कहानियों को साझा करने के लिए कहा, जब महामारी ने हजारों नौकरियों को खतरे में डाल दिया और सैकड़ों यूके संगीत स्थल बंद होने के खतरे में पड़ गए।


Man charged with 1987 Christmas Day rape

Summary: A man has been charged with raping a woman 23 years ago on Christmas Day in south-east London.

Antoni Imiela, 56, is charged with rape and indecent assault on the 29-year-old in Sydenham in 1987. Mr Imiela appeared at City of Westminster Magistrates' Court via a video-link from Wakefield Prison, Yorkshire. He was remanded in custody until 7 January 2011 when he is due to appear before Southwark Crown Court. Related Internet Links Metropolitan Police

दक्षिण-पूर्वी लंदन में 23 साल पहले क्रिसमस के दिन एक व्यक्ति पर एक महिला के साथ बलात्कार करने का आरोप लगाया गया है।


Jubilee Pool lido in Penzance reopens after storm damage

Summary: An Art Deco seaside lido in Cornwall, which was damaged by storms, has reopened after a £3m refurbishment.

Jubilee Pool in Penzance was wrecked in storms that hit the south west of England in January and February 2014. Walls have been repaired, paving and handrails replaced, and drainage and electrical systems have been updated. The pool, which first opened in 1935, is one of a small number of saltwater tidal open air swimming pools in Europe. It previously closed in 1992 as it had fallen into disrepair, but was restored to reopen in 1995.

कॉर्नवाल में एक आर्ट डेको समुद्र तटीय लिडो, जो तूफान से क्षतिग्रस्त हो गया था, 3 मिलियन पाउंड के नवीनीकरण के बाद फिर से खोल दिया गया है।


John Magufuli: Tanzania's late president in his own words

Summary: Tanzania's controversial President John Magufuli has died aged 61. The son of a subsistence farmer, he rose to become president in 2015 and was praised for his no-nonsense approach. Known as "The Bulldozer", he went on to gain international notoriety for his reaction to the coronavirus pandemic.

Here are some of his views, in his own words. On coronavirus "I want to thank Tanzanians of all faiths. We have been praying and fasting for God to save us from the pandemic that has afflicted our country and the world. But God has answered us. I believe, and I'm certain many Tanzanians believe the corona disease has been eliminated by God," he told worshippers in a church in the capital, Dodoma, in June 2020. "We need to be careful because some of these donations to fight coronavirus could be used to transmit the virus. I want to urge you Tanzanians not to accept donations of masks, instead tell the donors to go and use them with their wives and children," he added. A devote Catholic, he has made many comments about the virus at church services. Last March he said: "Coronavirus, which is a devil, cannot survive in the body of Christ... It will burn instantly." Two months later at mass in his hometown of Chato, he said: "We have had a number of viral diseases, including Aids and measles. Our economy must come first. It must not sleep… Life must go on... Countries [elsewhere] in Africa will be coming here to buy food in the years to come… they will be suffering because of shutting down their economy." At the funeral of a top presidential aide on 19 February - and following the death of Zanzibar's vice-president from Covid-19 earlier in the month - he urged Tanzanians not to panic. "It is possible this is another test but with God we will win. Let's not scare each other because we will not overcome... God cannot forsake this nation." On lockdown "Our founding father was not someone to be directed to be told what to do… Those who devise these kinds of rules [lockdown] are used to making these directives that our founding father refused," Magufuli said, referring to Tanzania's first leader Julius Nyerere's habit of rejecting advice from Western nations. On coronavirus tests He questioned the efficacy of Covid tests in May, the last time the country published data on coronavirus cases and deaths. After sending various animals and fruit to be checked for the virus - he said a papaya, a quail and a goat had all tested positive. "So many times, I have insisted that not everything that you are given is good. There could be people being used, that equipment could be used… but it could also be sabotage because this is warfare." On Covid vaccines "The Ministry of Health should be careful, they should not hurry to try these vaccines without doing research, not every vaccine is important to us, we should be careful. We should not be used as 'guinea pigs'," Mr Magufuli said in January. "Vaccinations are dangerous. If the white man was able to come up with vaccinations, he should have found a vaccination for Aids, cancer and TB by now." On corruption "The way to treat a boil is to squeeze it out, and I have made it my responsibility to do that. I know squeezing out a boil hurts but unfortunately there are no two ways about it," Mr Magufuli told MPs after his election in 2015, about his drive to root out corruption and lazy workers. Nearly two years later, after sacking about 10,000 civil servants for having fake education certificates, he said: "These people occupied government positions but had no qualifications... they robbed us just like other common criminals." On pregnant schoolgirls "As long as I am president… no pregnant student will be allowed to return to school… After getting pregnant, you are done," he said in June 2017, adding that young mothers would be distracted in class. "After calculating a few mathematics sums, she'd be asking the teacher in the classroom: 'Let me go out and breastfeed my crying baby.'" On population growth President Magufuli urged Tanzanian women to set their "ovaries free" and have more children. "When you have a big population you build the economy. That's why China's economy is so huge," Reuters quoted him as saying in June 2019. "I know that those who like to block ovaries will complain about my remarks. Set your ovaries free, let them block theirs." You may also be interested in: On leadership "I want you Tanzanians to believe that you have a real president, a real rock. I cannot be threatened and I am not threatened," Mr Magufuli said in March 2018. On censorship "I would like to tell media owners - be careful, watch it. If you think you have that kind of freedom, [it is] not to that extent," he said in 2017, reminding journalists of the new laws and a new code of conduct overseen by the information ministry. On his upbringing "Our home was grass-thatched, and like many boys I was assigned to herd cattle, as well as selling milk and fish to support my family," he said during his 2015 election campaign. "I know what it means to be poor. I will strive to help improve people's welfare." On his legacy "One day you will remember me… I know one day you will remember me, not for bad things but for the good deeds... because I have sacrificed my life for the poor in Tanzania," he said in a video which resurfaced after his death. Around the BBC Africa Today podcasts

तंजानिया के विवादास्पद राष्ट्रपति जॉन मगुफुली का 61 वर्ष की आयु में निधन हो गया है। एक निर्वाह किसान के बेटे, वह 2015 में राष्ट्रपति बने और उनके मूर्खतापूर्ण दृष्टिकोण के लिए उनकी प्रशंसा की गई। "द बुलडोजर" के रूप में जाने जाने वाले, उन्होंने कोरोनावायरस महामारी पर अपनी प्रतिक्रिया के लिए अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ख्याति प्राप्त की।


Guernsey power failure affects 25% of island supplies

Summary: Thousands of people in Guernsey were left without electricity after a power cut knocked out 25% of the island's supplies.

Guernsey Electricity said people living in St Sampson, Vale, Castel, St Andrews, and some of St Peter Port had no power for about 30 minutes. It said the incident, just after 09:00 BST, was caused by a "minor problem" at Vale power station. The problem has been resolved and power restored. A statement said: "Guernsey Electricity would like to apologise for any disruption to its customers."

ग्वेर्नसे में हजारों लोग बिजली के बिना रह गए थे क्योंकि बिजली कटौती ने द्वीप की 25 प्रतिशत आपूर्ति को बंद कर दिया था।


RHI scandal: Jonathan Bell claims DUP 'industry interests' advice stopped scrutiny

Summary: MLA Jonathan Bell has claimed he was told he would not be able to challenge the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) scheme because two DUP special advisers "have extensive interests in the poultry industry".

Mr Bell made the allegation while speaking under parliamentary privilege. The advisers named by Mr Bell, Timothy Johnston and John Robinson, have denied the claims. The DUP said the claims were "outrageous". MLAs were debating the RHI scheme at Stormont. A motion to delay the debate by a week, in the wake of the Secretary of State James Brokenshire's announcement of an election, was interrupted when Mr Bell made dramatic claims about the DUP. Mr Bell said when he was enterprise minister his special advisor, Timothy Cairns, told him "he will not be allowed to reduce the tariff on (the RHI) scheme" because of Mr Johnston and Mr Robinson's "extensive interests in the poultry industry". He added that he has "kept the records in many, many formats" and that he had been suspended from the party for "telling the truth". He also claimed that Mr Robinson and Dr Andrew Crawford, a DUP party adviser, had issued instructions to "try not to get Arlene called to the Public Accounts Committee (PAC)" and "under no circumstance allow Jonathan Bell to be called" over their roles in the RHI scheme. The DUP said the claims were "outrageous, untrue and unfounded" and "nothing short of mud-slinging". They said that neither Mr Johnston nor Mr Robinson have interests in the poultry industry, and added that Mr Robinson's "family home farm have chicken houses but are not part of the RHI scheme and never have been recipients or applicants". 'No personal interest' Mr Johnston, the special adviser to Arlene Foster when she was first minister, said: "I have no family connections to the poultry industry and I have no connection to the RHI scheme. "These are unsubstantiated allegations. I have two brothers-in-law in the poultry industry. They have no connection to RHI." Mr Robinson, special adviser to Economy Minister Simon Hamilton, said: "I have no personal interest in the poultry industry. Two of my brothers are poultry farmers but they have no connections to RHI." Dr Crawford, a former special adviser to the Department of Finance, told the BBC last month that his brother is the director of a company which successfully applied to the RHI scheme. He said: "I never sought to keep the RHI scheme open at the original higher tariff against the wishes of the minister." Overspend Mr Bell broke ranks with his party and made serious allegations against the DUP over the scheme's operation in a BBC interview in December. He claimed that DUP advisers had attempted to remove Mrs Foster's name from documents linked to RHI. Mr Bell was later suspended from the DUP. The RHI scheme was set up by former first minister Arlene Foster in 2012 when she was enterprise minister. Its aim was to increase consumption of heat from renewable sources. However, businesses received more in subsidies than they paid for fuel, and the scheme became heavily oversubscribed. It could lead to an overspend of £490m over the next 20 years.

विधायक जोनाथन बेल ने दावा किया है कि उन्हें बताया गया था कि वह अक्षय ताप प्रोत्साहन (आर. एच. आई.) योजना को चुनौती नहीं दे पाएंगे क्योंकि दो डी. यू. पी. विशेष सलाहकारों की कुक्कुट उद्योग में व्यापक रुचि है।


Austria's migrant disaster: Why did 71 die?

Summary: No-one will ever know exactly where the 71 refugees and migrants from Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan died.

By Bethany Bell & Nick ThorpeBBC News The grisly discovery of their bodies in the back of a lorry on an Austrian motorway last August sent shockwaves across Europe. One of the victims, Lida Rahm, was a baby, less than a year old. They were part of a wave of migrants and refugees heading across the Western Balkans towards Germany and their deaths provided one of the catalysts for borders being opened to allow the influx through. Europe's migrant crisis: Although most of the bodies have been returned to their families, 13 have been buried at the Muslim cemetery at Liesing on the outskirts of Vienna. It does not take long to find their graves: the cemetery was only opened in 2008 and is not very full. The graves all show the same final date: 27 August 2015. Crammed into the back of the small Volvo meat truck, standing room only, the 71 could not have survived for long. The lorry, emblazoned with pictures of sausages and a chicken's head, had been sealed airtight. Police believe they may have suffocated within an hour of the lorry starting its journey at Roszke, on the Hungarian-Serbian border early on 25 August 2015. At the wheel was a man named Mitko, a Bulgarian living in Hungary, with a long police record. Why was the lorry sealed shut? Mitko's usual driver was sick that day, so he decided to drive the lorry himself. But he did not understand how to keep the doors only partially shut, in a way that air could still come in. When he set out from Roszke just before dawn for the 850km (530 mile) journey to Munich, he inadvertently sealed the migrants in. This is the version of the story told by acquaintances of Mitko in Lom, his hometown, on the shore of the Danube in north-west Bulgaria. Mitko, 29, started in the used-car business, first repairing, then driving minibuses of Bulgarians to workplaces in Western Europe. Unpaid speeding fines and the loss of his licence, then a prison term for robbing a filling station, pushed him deeper into trouble. There was always money to be made smuggling cheap cigarettes across the Serbian border into Bulgaria. When the influx of refugees and migrants gained momentum in 2014 and 2015, organised groups like the one Mitko was involved in shifted to human trafficking. "Arabs in Turkey organise everything," a Bulgarian smuggler from a rival gang told the BBC. "They have their own people everywhere. Mitko was very close to one of them." It is not clear when Mitko became aware that his cargo of refugees had died. On the day he drove across Hungary into Austria, the temperature was baking-hot. The first thing he may have noticed was the stench of decomposing bodies. The lorry was found abandoned on 27 August in a lay-by on the A4 motorway near the town of Parndorf in the province of Burgenland, just 30km to the west of the Hungarian border. That same day the Austrian capital was hosting a summit of European leaders called to discuss a dramatic spike in the migrant numbers heading through the Western Balkans. Among those in Vienna was German Chancellor Angela Merkel. As they met, police in white forensic suits combed the lay-by near Parndorf for evidence. A police spokesman said they initially thought the vehicle had been involved in an accident. But there was no sign of a driver. They then noticed blood and other bodily fluids seeping out of the back of the lorry. When they opened it up they discovered dozens of bodies in an advanced state of decomposition. How Parndorf changed the migrant crisis The German chancellor said the leaders in Vienna were "all shaken by this terrible news" and she called on Europe to act together to solve the migrant crisis. Austria's then-interior minister spoke of a dark day and called on Europe to fight people smuggling together. "The best way is to build legal ways through Europe. With legal ways we can protect the refugees and the criminals have no chance for the business," said Johanna Mikl-Leitner. The lorry, meanwhile, was taken to a shed in a lorry park at Nickelsdorf on the Austrian border with Hungary. Officials began the terrible task of extracting the bodies and identifying the victims. It was only a few days later that Austria opened its border at the Nickelsdorf lorry park, to allow thousands of migrants who had become blocked in Hungary to continue their route towards Germany. Unwittingly, the migrants walked past the lorry as they crossed into Austria. The forensic work was still going on. The victims' story Identifying the victims has proved difficult. One of the 71 is yet to be named. But some of their stories have emerged. Five of the victims came from Iraqi Kurdistan, according to a Reuters investigative report. Two of them, Semian Nasser Mohammed, 25, and Nashwan Mustafa Rasoul, 28, were cousins from a well-off family in Dohuk, some 50km south of the Turkish border. Although their families had tried to dissuade them, the two men took the bus from Dohuk to Istanbul on 11 August. Both had fought in the Kurdish Peshmerga army against jihadist group Islamic State. Both were disillusioned and frustrated by conditions in Iraq, according to Rasoul's older brother, Sarbast. They wanted to get to Europe, and start a proper life. Mustafa sold his car to finance his trip. In Istanbul, the story goes, they met Sediq Sevo, another Iraqi Kurd from Zakho, to whom they had each paid $7,500 (£5,600; €6,600) for the through-trip to Munich. He arranged transport to the Turkish-Bulgarian border and they walked for at least seven hours across the mountains, before being met by Bulgarian smugglers on the far side, who took them to Sofia. After several days in a Sofia apartment, they were driven to the Serbian border, trekked through more mountains and were registered by the Serbian police at Dimitrovgrad. From there, a bus took them to Belgrade, and after several days in an apartment they were driven by car to Horgos on the Hungarian border. At around midnight on 24 August they walked down the railway across the unguarded Hungarian border at Roszke, past the fence the Hungarian authorities were building, accompanied by an Iraqi Kurd called Bewar. Bewar was supposed to take them to Germany himself, according to Reuters. Instead, he handed them over to an Afghan based in Budapest, who is now awaiting trial with Mitko. Back in Iraq, when Sediq Sevo discovered that his clients had perished in the truck at Parndorf, he rang Bewar to complain. Eventually, one of Bewar's men explained the risks of such journeys. "Explain that to the families [of the victims]…tell them not to complain about Bewar." Facing trial in Hungary Mitko is currently in pre-trial detention in Hungary, along with five other suspects, four of them from Bulgaria and one from Afghanistan. The trial will begin in Kecskemet this autumn, once the police investigation is completed, according to Gabor Schmidt, spokesman for the prosecutor's office in Bacs-Kiskun county. Mitko's family hopes that his defence lawyer can prove that he was only a small cog in a very long chain - reaching all the way from Afghanistan to Germany. Hungarian police are confident that he and his accomplices will get close to the maximum 16-year sentence foreseen by laws deliberately tightened last year, to deter potential smugglers. "This was not the first nor the last human shipment organised by this group," says Zoltan Boross, head of the anti-trafficking unit of the Hungarian police. "That vehicle required a very serious logistical background, with very serious money and a very serious circle of people." Catching the smugglers The Nickelsdorf lorry park is no longer full of refugees. Over the past year, first Hungary, then Austria and Western Balkan countries shut their borders to migrants and refugees travelling up from Turkey via Greece. In April, a border management system, run by the police and supported by the army, was introduced to stop smugglers and illegal immigration. These days, long queues on the motorway and on the side roads leading from Hungary to Austria are common, as police check cars, vans and lorries at the border for people smuggling migrants. The police have a scanmobile, which can X-ray lorries for human cargo. Opposite the shed where the lorry was kept, around 40 cars, used by smugglers, have been impounded by the police. Among them are number-plates from Romania, Poland, Italy and the UK. Police in this part of Austria say they arrested 84 smugglers here in the first six months of this year. It was their job to identify the victims in the lorry found at Parndorf, and forensic investigators succeeded with 70 of the 71. "It was very important for the police to establish who these people were and to inform their relatives about the terrible deaths of their brothers, sisters fathers and sons," said Burgenland police spokesman Helmut Greiner. Remembering the victims Most were taken back to their families, including the bodies of Semian Nasser Mohammed and Nashwan Mustafa Rahoul, which were flown home in late September 2015 during the Muslim Eid al-Adha, the Feast of the Sacrifice, and are buried in a hillside cemetery in Dohuk. But 15 of the bodies were laid to rest in Vienna: the unidentified victim and one other person in the city's Central Cemetery and the rest in the Muslim cemetery in Liesing. Carla Amina Baghajati from the Muslim community in Vienna, attended one of the funerals. "It was one of the most emotional moments in my life. It is horrible to see the coffins go one by one into the ground." She has seen a dramatic change in sentiment in Austria toward refugees, and towards Islam, since the lorry was discovered last year. "While we saw a tremendous wave of help after this tragic accident, things changed. People felt that refugees had come into the country in too large numbers," she said. "It is a very difficult time." If you drive past the lay-by at Parndorf on the road from Nickelsdorf to Vienna, you can still see a small memorial to the 71 who died. Flowers and a candle in a glass lantern had been placed close to the site. "There are always candles there," says Helmut Greiner. "Some people remember."

किसी को कभी पता नहीं चलेगा कि इराक, सीरिया और अफगानिस्तान के 71 शरणार्थियों और प्रवासियों की मौत कहाँ हुई।


End of an era as Abu Hamza to be extradited

Summary: There can be few more striking figures that encapsulate Britain's battle against al-Qaeda-inspired extremism than the towering, hook-handed cleric Abu Hamza al-Masri, convicted of soliciting to murder and stirring up racial hatred.

By Frank GardnerBBC security correspondent This week, the Egyptian-born Islamist - real name Mustafa Kamel Mustafa - appears to have lost his final battle against extradition from a British jail to the United States where he faces 11 allegations. But his story goes back to the 1990s and beyond, predating the so-called War on Terror. 'Botched rescue attempt' In December 1998, a group of 16 western tourists, mostly British, was seized at gunpoint on a remote desert road in southern Yemen and taken hostage by fanatical, machine-gun-wielding militants. This was no tribal dispute to be settled, Yemeni style, by amicable negotiation over glasses of sweet tea and chewing narcotic qat. The militants demanded an exchange with prisoners held by the Yemeni government. The prisoners the militants wanted freed included six men sent out from Britain by Abu Hamza. The men had been arrested a few days earlier. The lead kidnapper used his satellite phone to call Abu Hamza in London for advice on how to proceed. Meanwhile, in the Yemeni capital Sana'a, the British ambassador went in to see the hardline interior minister to plead for the stand off to be resolved without shooting. Too late, came the reply, there have already been some casualties. In fact, four of the tourists died in the botched rescue attempt by the Yemeni army - three Britons and one Australian. An American woman was shot in the backside but survived. As I flew into Aden to interview the survivors that December day, I was unaware - as was the British Embassy - that several British nationals and a French Algerian were locked up in the city's jail a few hundred metres away: Accused of plotting terrorist attacks on a number of targets including the British consulate, a hotel and a church. The Yemeni authorities were confused by their Arab and Asian ethnicity and at first refused to believe they were Britons, waiting several days to inform the British embassy. The arrested group, who said they were in Yemen as tourists, had been sent by Abu Hamza. It included his 17-year-old son and a stepson. Noisy troublemaker By now, Abu Hamza had seized control of Finsbury Park mosque in north London, evicting the moderate, mainstream Muslim clergy and using it as a base to propagate his violent messages of hatred around the Middle East. Most British Muslims were baffled and irritated by the media attention he attracted, insisting he did not speak for them, while Islamic scholars questioned his religious credentials. The following year, the arrested men appeared in court in Yemen, were convicted in a trial criticised by some human rights activists, served their time and eventually returned to Britain. In London the security service, MI5, initially - and wrongly as it turned out - dismissed Abu Hamza as just a noisy troublemaker. But they underestimated his dangerous appeal to extremists who listened to his vitriolic sermons then went on to plan acts of violence. In 2003, in a massive night time operation, the police raided Finsbury Park mosque and found chemical warfare protection suits, pistols, a stun gun, knives and more than 100 forged or stolen passports - all the suspected paraphernalia of jihadi training camps. Abu Hamza al-Masri's time there was up and he was evicted from the mosque, to be arrested the following year. So now, eight years on, the US authorities look set to hold him to account for both an alleged terrorist training camp in Oregon and more particularly about his connections to violent extremism in Yemen. His departure from Britain, a country he famously called "a toilet", will be welcomed by many.

कुछ और हड़ताली आंकड़े हो सकते हैं जो अल-कायदा से प्रेरित चरमपंथ के खिलाफ ब्रिटेन की लड़ाई को विशाल, हुक-हैंड मौलवी अबू हमजा अल-मसरी की तुलना में शामिल करते हैं, जिन्हें हत्या का अनुरोध करने और नस्लीय घृणा को भड़काने का दोषी ठहराया गया है।


Man killed and woman hurt in car crash in Bristol

Summary: A man has died and a woman was injured in a two-car crash in Bristol.

A Ford Fiesta and a Ford Focus were involved in the collision on Brunel Way in the Cumberland Basin area at about 19:35 GMT on Saturday. The male driver died at the scene and the female driver sustained injuries which are not thought to be life-threatening, police said. Avon and Somerset Police has appealed for witnesses or anyone with dashcam footage to contact them. Related Internet Links Avon and Somerset Police

ब्रिस्टल में दो कारों की दुर्घटना में एक पुरुष की मौत हो गई और एक महिला घायल हो गई।


Paris attack: 'I met murdered police officer at Bataclan'

Summary: Xavier Jugelé, the French policeman murdered in Paris on Thursday, had been on duty in the aftermath of the attacks on the city in November 2015. Furthermore, he had returned to the Bataclan music hall in Paris - where 89 people were killed - with a colleague last November on the night that the venue re-opened. While he was there, he spoke to BBC 5 Live's reporter Nick Garnett, who remembers meeting him.

I saw Xavier Jugelé's face on the BBC News website. I recognised him but could not place where I knew him from. I read his name and then everything clicked into place. The Bataclan. Xavier Jugelé must have told me his name three times and I had misspelt it each time. It was a noisy concert venue. We laughed. He took a pen and wrote his name in a notepad and turned it towards me. At first I had not recognised his face because the man in the photograph was in police uniform but there was something about his eyes. I remembered those. At the Bataclan five months earlier, when I had met him, he had been relaxing with a drink, in his "civvies". Now he was dead, killed in the police van he was sitting in with his colleagues. Unimaginable horrors Mr Jugelé had gone to the Bataclan in November 2015, called in by his commanding officer in the aftermath of the attack on the venue - 89 people had died and scores more had been injured. The streets were chaotic as the authorities tried to contain the situation and work out what was happening. The 37-year-old policeman had been one of many on duty that night, dealing with the unimaginable horrors on Paris's streets. On one level, you might ask what are the chances of a police officer helping out at one tragedy to then be involved in a second one? In Paris, the odds on that are considerably shorter than they used to be, such has been the number and nature of threats to the city. We do not know what officers like Mr Jugelé had to deal with on that night but 12 months later he had come to terms with what happened and what he had seen, and was back at the Bataclan as it re-opened. I had gone to the concert hall to speak to Parisians returning to the venue a year on. Sting had been performing there. Like gold dust At the back of the venue stood a tall, relaxed man with short dark hair and a dark jumper. I approached him and introduced myself, delighted to learn that he spoke excellent English. For a radio reporter on an English-language network, he was like gold dust. If he had been speaking in French, I would have had to get his words translated and it would have taken up valuable time. His English was so good that we are able to have a decent conversation, full of humour. We talked for five to 10 minutes. A fellow reporter, Peter Mikelbank from People magazine, was with me. It emerged that Mr Jugelé was a serving police officer but we talked, almost exclusively, about his own experiences and reasons for being there. He told us how he had been at the venue on the night of the attack and how he used to come to events and concerts at the Bataclan in the past, and how on this night he was there as a witness, not necessarily there just to see Sting in concert. "I want to celebrate life and say 'no' to terrorism," he told me. At the end of the interview, I leaned over to Peter and simply said: "That's the one I needed... I don't need to speak to anyone else." I went outside the theatre, filed my report and a few minutes later Mr Jugelé's words were broadcast on BBC 5 Live. Five months later, and Peter and I messaged each other, late into the night. He rang me: he had found his notebook containing Xavier's handwriting, confirming that the murdered police officer was indeed the man we had spoken to. We were both fairly quiet on the phone as it sank in. The tragic coincidence is not that I once met Xavier Jugelé at a pop concert. It is that a police officer who had dealt with the aftermath of one appalling event in Parisian history has become the victim of another, killed whilst sitting with his colleagues in a police van.

जेवियर जुगेले, गुरुवार को पेरिस में मारे गए फ्रांसीसी पुलिसकर्मी, नवंबर 2015 में शहर पर हुए हमलों के बाद ड्यूटी पर थे। इसके अलावा, वह पेरिस के बटाक्लान संगीत हॉल में लौट आए थे-जहां 89 लोग मारे गए थे-पिछले नवंबर की रात को एक सहयोगी के साथ जब कार्यक्रम स्थल फिर से खोला गया था। जब वह वहाँ थे, उन्होंने बीबीसी 5 लाइव के रिपोर्टर निक गार्नेट से बात की, जो उनसे मिलने को याद करते हैं।


Royal wedding 2018: Meghan Markle's Givenchy dress in detail

Summary: After months of speculation, Meghan Markle's wedding dress was revealed. The pure white, boat neck gown was designed by British designer Clare Waight Keller, the artistic director of French fashion house Givenchy. Crowds saw the full gown - which had been kept a closely-guarded secret - as Ms Markle stepped out at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle at midday.

The designer The designer, Clare Waight Keller, was appointed the first female artistic director at Givenchy in 2017 and presented her debut collection for spring/summer earlier this year. Ms Markle, who met Ms Waight Keller this year, chose to work closely with her on the design because of her "timeless and elegant aesthetic, impeccable tailoring, and relaxed demeanour", Kensington Palace said. She previously served as the creative head of three globally-influential fashion houses - Pringle of Scotland, Chloé, and now Givenchy. The Birmingham-born designer, now the artistic director of Givenchy, said it was a collaborative process with the royal bride, adding: "I think she loved the fact that I was a British designer, and working in a house such as Givenchy which has its roots in a very classical, beautiful style." According to Sara McAlpine, fashion features editor at Elle magazine, Givenchy has a history of bringing in talent from the UK with past designers at the brand including John Galliano and Alexander McQueen. Meanwhile, bridal couture expert Emma Meek said choosing a woman who is the first female creative head at the fashion house could be a "political statement" from the bride. The bodice The minimalist pure white gown has a boat neck, framing the shoulders and emphasising Ms Markle's waist, and three-quarter length sleeves. The haute couture dress is made of double-bonded silk cady cushioned by an underskirt in triple silk organza. The neckline differs from the Duchess of Cambridge's high V-necked lace-covered gown in 2011. Kensington Palace later released Ms Waight Keller's design sketches, which she is giving to Meghan as a keepsake. The veil Ms Markle wore a five metre-long white silk veil covering her face which included floral detail representing all 53 countries of the Commonwealth. The bride suggested the design because the Commonwealth will be a central part of her and Prince Harry's official work after they are married. The designer spent significant time researching the flora of each country and much care was taken to ensure that every flower was unique. Ms Markle also chose her two other favourite flowers - Wintersweet found in Kensington Palace and the California poppy, from where she was born - to be adorned on the veil. The design of Ms Markle's veil is similar to the Duchess of Cambridge's, which was made of layers of soft, ivory silk tulle which also had a trim of hand-embroidered flowers. David Emanuel, who designed Diana, Princess of Wales's dress, said it was "very clever" to include the Commonwealth flowers in the veil. "I think Diana would have approved," he said. The material Dressmakers spent hundreds of hours - including regularly washing their hands every 30 minutes - to make the long veil, which is hand-embroidered in silk threads and organza. Emma Meek, the head of luxury bridal boutique Miss Bush, said compared to the understated dress, the "enormous silk veil" is where the "craft and meaningful decoration" lies. The tiara Ms Markle's veil was held in place by Queen Mary's diamond bandeau tiara, loaned to her by the Queen. It is named after the wife of King George V, the Queen's grandfather. At the centre of the bandeau is a detachable brooch of 10 brilliant diamonds, which was given to Queen Mary as a wedding present in 1893. The brooch was later made into the tiara in 1932. The headpiece also includes diamonds and platinum in 11 sections. Ms Markle also wore earrings and bracelet made by Cartier. Unlike the Duchess of Cambridge - who borrowed a 1936 Cartier "halo" tiara from the Queen - Ms Markle wore her hair up, rather than loose. The bride's hair was styled by Serge Normant, with make-up by long-time friend and make-up artist Daniel Martin. The bouquet Prince Harry handpicked several flowers on Friday from their private garden at Kensington Palace to add to the bespoke bridal bouquet designed by florist Philippa Craddock. It includes forget-me-nots which were Diana, Princess of Wales' favourite flower. They were specifically chosen to honour the memory of the late princess. The small bouquet also features scented sweet peas, lily of the valley, astilbe, jasmine and astrantia, and sprigs of myrtle, all bound with a naturally dyed, raw silk ribbon. London-based florist Ms Craddock also created the floral displays at the chapel, which was filled with white garden roses, peonies and foxgloves, branches of beech, birch and hornbeam. Floral designer Ms Craddock, who started her business nine years ago, has worked for the V&A, Kensington Palace, Hampton Court Palace, Alexander McQueen, Christian Dior and British Vogue. Ms Markle previously said on her now-deleted Instagram account that peonies make her "endlessly happy". Soon after the couple started dating, Ms Markle posted a picture of a bouquet of pink and white peonies on the social media site. The shoes The wedding shoes are based on a Givenchy refined pointed couture design made of a silk duchess satin. What are people saying? Sara McAlpine, from Elle magazine, said the dress was "definitely in keeping with her [Ms Markle's] style", adding: "She's always had a very pared-back style in terms of very simple, refined." She added that Ms Markle is "signalling change" with the choice of fashion house Givenchy, which has addressed the lack of diversity on catwalks. The "progressive" brand is a well thought-out choice for the bride, Ms McAlpine said. Emma Meek added that the design references Givenchy's history of dressing Audrey Hepburn and her classic and timeless style, adding it is very "presidential". "It brings back that non-fussy, refined simplicity. I am calling it the 'last word in first lady dressing'," she added. "It also has a very American feel to it, quite sporty, preppy." Elizabeth Von Der Goltz, from fashion brand Net-A-Porter, added: "Audrey having been an actress, and Meghan as an actress seemed really fitting." Meanwhile, Vogue's digital editor Alice Casely-Hayford agreed the choice of Waight Keller was "brilliant recognition for fashion's female industry leaders". She said despite the speculation that Erdem or Ralph & Russo would design the dress, the choice was "the perfect fit". She added it was "incredibly beautiful in its timelessness and surprisingly understated". Jade Beer, editor of Brides magazine, said: "Had anyone been looking at the Givenchy Spring 2018 couture collection, they would have seen all the hallmarks of Meghan's wedding dress - bateau necklines, more fluid structure and a nod to soft tailoring. "Real women will look at this dress and feel it is the definition of the ultimate chic understated wedding gown." What was Prince Harry wearing? Both Prince Harry and the Duke of Cambridge wore the frockcoat uniform of the Blues and Royals. Prince Harry was given permission from the Queen to get married in his uniform. Both outfits were tailored at Dege & Skinner on Savile Row, specialists in military uniforms. All pictures subject to copyright.

महीनों की अटकलों के बाद, मेघन मार्कल की शादी की पोशाक का खुलासा हुआ। शुद्ध सफेद, नाव की गर्दन वाला गाउन ब्रिटिश डिजाइनर क्लेयर वेट केलर द्वारा डिजाइन किया गया था, जो फ्रांसीसी फैशन हाउस गिवेंची के कलात्मक निदेशक थे। भीड़ ने पूरा गाउन देखा-जिसे बारीकी से गुप्त रखा गया था-जब सुश्री मार्कल दोपहर में विंडसर कैसल में सेंट जॉर्ज चैपल में बाहर निकलीं।


Hull's Holy Trinity Church £4.5m revamp plans approved

Summary: Plans for a £4.5m revamp of a Hull church in time for the city becoming UK City of Culture 2017 have been approved.

Holy Trinity Church is to have its interior restored and remodelled for large public events, alongside its role as a place of worship. The churchyard and Trinity Square will be combined to form a public space. It was given full consent by Hull City Council's planning committee at a meeting on Wednesday. Vicar Rev Canon Dr Neal Barnes said he was "delighted" the council had recognised the "substantial benefits [the plans] would bring to the church, to the wider community and to our great city". An appeal to raise funds for the multi-million pound project had reached "the half-way mark", he added.

शहर के यूके सिटी ऑफ कल्चर 2017 बनने के लिए समय पर एक हल चर्च के 4.5 करोड़ पाउंड के सुधार की योजनाओं को मंजूरी दी गई है।


Deserted Imber village holds remembrance service

Summary: A Wiltshire village that was deserted after being taken over by troops for training during World War II is to hold a remembrance service.

People living in Imber, on Salisbury Plain, were evacuated in December 1943 and were never allowed to return. The service will take place at St Giles Church which is one of the only buildings left standing in its original form. The village will only be open to visitors for two hours on Saturday. It will be the ninth time Imber has held a remembrance service since it was taken over by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). The most recent previous service was held in 2003. Fifty years ago, thousands of people marched into the village to protest at its continued use by the Army. The MoD said the village still played a vital role in training troops for operations.

एक विल्टशायर गाँव जो द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के दौरान प्रशिक्षण के लिए सैनिकों द्वारा कब्जा किए जाने के बाद वीरान हो गया था, एक स्मरण सेवा आयोजित करने के लिए है।


A6 scooter and van crash: Boy, 15, named as victim

Summary: A 15-year-old boy who died after the scooter he was riding was involved in a crash with a van has been named.

Tomas Ball, from Ambergate, was pronounced dead at the scene of the crash, which happened on the A6 between Ambergate and Whatstandwell at about 20:40 BST on 30 June. Derbyshire Police said its investigation was ongoing. A force spokesman appealed for any motorists with dashcams who were on the A6 that evening to contact police. Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to eastmidsnews@bbc.co.uk. Related Internet Links Derbyshire Police

एक 15 वर्षीय लड़के की मौत हो गई क्योंकि वह जिस स्कूटर पर सवार था, वह एक वैन के साथ दुर्घटना में शामिल था।


Frankenstein: Behind the monster smash

Summary: This year marks the 200th anniversary of the publication of Mary Shelley's classic novel Frankenstein - first printed on 1 January 1818.

By Lucy ToddEntertainment reporter Shelley came up with the idea at the age of 18 after being challenged by romantic poet Lord Byron, while in Switzerland, to construct a ghost story. The results were to have a monumental impact. This was the kernel from which the story of Frankenstein would emerge. The novel - originally published without Shelley's name - received mixed reviews, but came into prominence after being picked up and re-versioned by theatre companies a few years later. However, it was cinema that really took the ball and ran with it. The first adaptation for the silver screen was made in 1910. Since then, there have been about 150 further versions on different mediums. But why is the story still such a success and how close are modern adaptations to Shelley's original novel? 'The quintessential teenage book' Horror films have imprinted the idea of Frankenstein as a story about a murderous, unthinking, man-made monster. But Shelley's original creation was quite different. "Shelley's dealing with the same themes the Greeks were dealing with," says Patricia MacCormack, professor of continental philosophy at Anglia Ruskin University, who has published papers on the horror genre. "The good film versions share a critical view of life, looking at what our purpose is and the role we fill. The monster did not choose to be born and questions its own existence: 'How do I become a good person?'" Shelley's creature, brought to life by Victor Frankenstein, was characterised as sensitive, nuanced and inquisitive. Professor MacCormack says the creature addresses the most fundamental human questions: "It's the idea of asking your maker what your purpose is. Why are we here, what can we do?" Film director Guillermo del Toro describes Frankenstein as "the quintessential teenage book" and says he hopes to one day make a modern re-telling of the story. "You don't belong," he told Den of Geek. "You were brought to this world by people that don't care for you and you are thrown into a world of pain and suffering, and tears and hunger. It's an amazing book written by a teenage girl. It's mind blowing." Shelley's novel also contains the fantastical and the horrific - and it's the combination of these elements which have made the story such a success. "We're fascinated because it talks about that relationship between life and death," says Dr Sorcha Ni Fhlainn, senior lecturer in film studies at Manchester Metropolitan University and member of the Manchester Centre for Gothic Studies. "Death is an absolute. So the idea that you can reanimate flesh is both shocking and enthralling." A 16-minute short film produced for the Thomas Edison Film Company made in the very early days of cinema used Frankenstein as its subject. Released in 1910, almost 20 years before the advent of sound in film, it shows Victor Frankenstein in a domestic narrative, preparing to get married. "It's one of the first films and shows a collection of quite bizarre makeup, mop of hair and mess of sinew," says Dr Ni Fhlainn, who nevertheless describes it as "absolutely brilliant". With the cries of, "It's alive, it's alive!" the 1931 Universal Studios film gave us the most enduring image of Frankenstein's monster, played by Boris Karloff. "That's the iconic one. Karloff's depiction cemented it in popular culture," says Dr Ni Fhlainn. "The bolts show up his artificiality and otherness. And we see the same imagery time and again in, for example, The Munsters, The Addams Family and then in cartoons like Scooby-Doo." "It created the definitive movie image of the mad scientist and his monster," says Sir Christopher Frayling, author of Frankenstein: The First Two Hundred Years. "And in the process, [it] launched a thousand imitations: all subsequent film versions of Mary Shelley's novel have had to take into account how their plot, characterisations and make-up conform to, or differ from, the Universal Studios template." This is also where the hulking, groaning version of Frankenstein's monster comes from says Professor MacCormack. "There is a brutism but also a vulnerability - there are very few versions which show him differently. The monster responds in a way a child or an animal does when they are threatened or afraid. "It's ironic that in these depictions the monster is seen as less than human but has super-human strength," Professor MacCormack adds. However, it is the 1935 follow-up which is the real hit for many. "The Bride of Frankenstein is closer to the novel," says Professor MacCormack. "It introduces the themes of pathos and self-loathing, bringing the monster into this set of relations. It also shows the god complex of [Victor] Frankenstein. "The performances in the film are hypnotic and, aesthetically, that's what people think of when they think of Frankenstein." Britain's Hammer Films took on the Frankenstein horror franchise in 1957. The Curse of Frankenstein starred Christopher Lee as the monster and was the "first really gory horror film, showing blood and guts in colour", according to Professor MacCormack. The film's monster had a very different aesthetic, covered in scars and transplanted tissue - partly because the Karloff-era make-up had been copyrighted, says Sir Christopher. But it's this "patchwork human, which was touted as the closest to the monster of Mary Shelley's book," says Prof MacCormack. "The idea of a patchwork humanity is at the very core of Shelley's story." Dr Ni Fhlainn says the film carries a strong message from the original book: "Beware ambition, it seems to say. It's all about men circumventing the role of women and the role of god - and the consequences of that." The Frankenstein franchise was spun out by Hammer for another six films, varying in quality and increasingly divorced from the source material. "It's a frustration," says Dr Ni Fhlainn. "If you love the novel, it wasn't Shelley's intention to create something that goes out and mindlessly kills, but I can see how this can be useful in films. "When the monster is seen as non-human it's very easy to dismiss him and kill off. When he's more human it's very difficult to do that." The Frankenstein genre was taken in a different direction by the 1960s sitcom The Munsters, which created its own Karloff-inspired version of the monster. Hermann Munster was the head of a loveable family of monsters, vampires and werewolves in the series, which ran for more than 70 episodes. The similarly macabre Addams Family also purloined Karloff's aesthetic for their character, Lurch. These productions, along with many others, contributed to the idea of Frankenstein's monster being a monosyllabic zombie-like creature. Andy Warhol's Flesh for Frankenstein is described Dr Ni Fhlainn as "arthouse, verging on softcore pornography". "It's interesting because in some ways it makes it all about the flesh and gore with none of the high-mindedness of science-fiction," she says. In the film, produced by Andy Warhol, Baron Frankenstein dreams of restoring Serbia to glory, so he builds male and female monsters whose children will become the new master race. Prof MacCormack calls it a "sexy, visceral, perverse, gory film, which is beautiful and deeply critical of fascism." "I was 16 years old when it came out," she recalls. "I saw it every day for its whole run. There was something magical and fairytale-esque about it." Kenneth Branagh returned to the source text for his multi-million-dollar film, released in 1994. "The Branagh version is very sticky and gory - particularly the monster's creation," says Dr Ni Fhlainn. "That scene with the monster (Robert de Niro) and Victor Frankenstein (Kenneth Branagh) clutching at each other in a mass of amniotic fluid is very homo-erotic. "De Niro is really interesting in it - almost new-born, like when he's learning to walk. I thought this was documented quite well. His stitched face and stitched features are also reminiscent of Shelley's own description of the creature's skin being stretched to the point of bursting." Despite Branagh's good intentions, however, Dr Ni Fhlainn finds the film "overblown in its emotions." Sir Christopher says the film suffers from "too much prestige". "It seemed to confuse critics and audiences because it didn't conform to the age-old conventions of Frankenstein films." A stage adaptation at the Royal National Theatre, written by Nick Dear and directed by Danny Boyle, saw Benedict Cumberbatch and Jonny Lee Miller alternating in the roles of Victor Frankenstein and the creature. This was a return to the nuance of Shelley's book, says Dr Ni Fhlainn. "Benedict Cumberbatch's portrayal is very intellectual. You see him reading Milton and identifying with Adam. He questions everything. "Jonny Lee Miller is more brawny and more physical in his performance. It's more childlike." Dr Ni Fhlainn sees it as unique in the canon of the Frankenstein genre: "It's really well done because it's all from the creature's perspective." And the Frankenstein genre doesn't stop with adaptations of Shelley's classic. According to Dr Fhlainn, Bladerunner, Terminator, Edward Scissorhands, AI, Prometheus and scores of other films can be considered "Frankenstein stories". "Terminator is just the next step," she says. "It's about what it means to be alive. "Rutger Hauer says: 'I want more life,' in Bladerunner. He talks of seeing things and feeling them - and it's this understanding of life, which makes him more human than those who are trying to kill him. But it's the idea that he is rejected which is one of our great tragedies." Shelley posed a question that's more relevant today than ever, says Dr Ni Fhlainn. "What is a sentient being? [If] you can have a conversation with Siri or Alexa - where does life start and end?" Professor McCormack says: "In the 1980s, the idea of a man-made man became less horror and more science fiction. Now its cyborgs, robots, Prometheus. I would be interested to see if they could de-technologise the story and come up with a new, modern retelling. "We got Twilight with sexy, sparkly vampires and no-one wants to touch Frankenstein." In May 2017, Universal announced that Bride of Frankenstein will be remade with Bill Condon, director of Disney's Beauty and the Beast, at the helm. So perhaps it's time, after all. Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.

इस वर्ष मैरी शेली के उत्कृष्ट उपन्यास फ्रेंकस्टीन के प्रकाशन की 200वीं वर्षगांठ है-जो पहली बार 1 जनवरी 1818 को छपा था।


Translating for Mum and Dad

Summary: When a family arrives in a new country, often the children are first to pick up the new language - and inevitably, they become the family translators. Researcher Dr Humera Iqbal describes what it's like to be a child responsible for dealing with doctors and landlords, bank staff or restaurant suppliers.

"Baba! Baba!" calls out the driving instructor. Thirteen-year-old Jiawei sits at the back of the car while her dad takes his driving lesson. Father and daughter exchange confused glances, then burst out laughing. The instructor, who has heard this Chinese word during one of Jiawei's father's previous lessons, looks puzzled. "Doesn't 'baba' mean 'move forward' in Chinese?" he asks. "No," says Jiawei. "It means 'father'!" Jiawei was in the unusual position of acting as an interpreter for her dad as he learned to drive. She took notes and repeated in Chinese exactly what the instructor said in English - things like "Turn left at the roundabout," or "Slow down at the junction." She's proud that she helped her father pass his test. "It was quite fun and I thought I was doing something to help my family," she says, looking back. "I was also learning how to drive myself without knowing it, doing something that other kids didn't get to do." A year earlier, Jiawei's family had moved from China to the UK and while she had managed to pick up basic English at school, her father was struggling. Jiawei became a crucial link helping him find his way in a new country. Thousands of migrant children in the UK translate for their families every day. My colleague Dr Sarah Crafter and I have come across child interpreters, some as young as seven, helping their parents communicate in shops, banks, and even police stations. It can be stressful for them, especially when adults are rude or aggressive. "It is very visible and young people feel very noticeable," says Sarah Crafter. "It is also an emotional thing, because if you are treated well you feel good - and if you are not treated well you feel bad about yourself and it really impacts on young people's identities." Seventeen-year-old Oliwia, who has translated from Polish to English for her mother since 2008, is familiar with that feeling. She's used to hearing xenophobic comments. Find out more Humera Iqbal's radio documentary Translating for Mum and Dad is on the BBC World Service from 9 October Click here for transmission times or to listen on BBC Sounds "Some say, 'You're in England, speak English,'" she says. "I hate that so much. People should be more understanding." In fact, her mother has tried hard to learn English, but is not yet fluent. Once, when Oliwia and her mum experienced racist abuse on a bus, Oliwia was faced with the choice of either translating it or shielding her mum from the hateful words. Translating at the doctor's can be especially tricky. Esmeralda, who is 16 and from Peru, was suddenly confronted with the word "cyst" after her mother's minor surgery. "I had no idea," she says. "I didn't know how to say it in English. I was so confused and I was trying to communicate with the doctor to try and say something similar to it. I didn't know what to say." She adds: "Sometimes I don't want to go because my mum's thing is really, really complicated." Professional translators are available for this kind of situation, but not all newly arrived families know about them or realise that they are free of charge (in some areas, anyway). And some just prefer to use their own family members. Moreover, in an emergency professional translators are not always on hand. The rules say a translator should be 18 or over. But if the patients want their children to translate, and the children aren't refusing, what should medical staff do? It's an ongoing debate. Like Esmeralda, 17-year-old Lesly, from Ecuador, has sometimes translated for her mother in hospital. At other times, though, people have tried to stop her. "They say I am under 18, [but] she needs a translator and there is no-one else there. I continue talking and tell them what my mom tells me," she says. "They think we are minors so we don't understand, but they underestimate us." At a school in London, Marian, who is 13 and from Bolivia, is translating from English to Spanish for her mum, Mary Luz, at her own parents' evening. Marian's computer science teacher pays a visit to her table. "Are you translating?" he asks Marian, who nods her head. He goes on to tell Mary Luz that she has reached her target grades. A great start, and Marian calmly translates word for word without hesitation, her mother nodding earnestly. However, this isn't the end of the conversation and things rapidly take a different turn. "While she is working well… she can be a bit chatty with Carolina," he adds. Marian's eyes dilate slightly, and her cheeks rapidly turn a bright red. She pauses, takes a moment to think and goes on to translate the message. "Oh Marian! I wasn't aware you spoke during class!" Mary Luz says in Spanish, waving her finger from side to side. Marian tells me it's not a big deal and she can fix it, but her mum doesn't look convinced. I ask Marian if she thought about changing the message to soften the blow while she was translating. "I was questioning whether I should translate it like, 100% or not! That's why she is reacting like this! Also, my mum can read the face of the teachers, so it's useless if I lie!" she says. As the main English-speaker in her family, Marian has found herself in the middle of some difficult conversations. When they first arrived in the UK, they lived in rented accommodation where the heating did not work - and it was up to Marian to get the landlord to fix it. She made countless phone calls and sent text messages, but her requests were ignored. Marian's parents kept urging their daughter to show anger, in order to emphasise that the problem needed to be fixed urgently. But Marian resisted. "I do not like confrontation and I did not have the anger in me to do it," she says. She was caught between an angry parent and a stubborn landlord - not an easy place to be for a 12-year-old. Her way out was to be doggedly persistent. "I just texted him daily." A whole year later, the heating finally got fixed. For Marian, it felt like a huge accomplishment. At the parents' evening, her English teacher and head of year come to the table. "She is doing very well," the teacher begins. Marianne translates word for word. "Her effort, behaviour and homework are all outstanding. She's very respectful and participates and is enthusiastic. And it's a pleasure to teach her." "Gracias!" Mary Luz calls out, patting her daughter on the back, her eyes glistening with pride. Marian is herself proud of this and so she should be. She came to the UK four years ago with no knowledge of English and now she is reading, writing and speaking at an outstanding level. During our research, Sarah Crafter and I have come across children who are translating not just between two languages but between three or more. At her school in east London, 17-year-old Fatima has a band of friends who, like her, moved to the UK from Italy in their early teens. All are from South Asian families, so they speak Bengali, Sinhalese or Urdu at home, Italian with friends and now English, sometimes switching between all three languages. Often the children were not pleased to be dragged from Italy to the UK; learning a new language and translating for their parents was a burden. Fatima's friend Rashani, for example, has to help her mother understand all the correspondence she gets from her workplace, a fried chicken shop. One text message she had to grapple with said: "Hello Team, please check what items are missing from last week - if you don't understand anything, ask the team leader, they will explain we need to control all the missing items." "In the beginning it felt like it was all on me and I remember thinking this is so unfair," Rashani says. But since then she has become more aware of the upsides. "Now I feel like I'm kind of head of the family, as I influence the decisions of my parents even though I'm young!" Jiawei clearly remembers the day of her father's driving test. She felt nervous, but translated carefully the driving examiner's words, knowing she had to do this quickly without fluffing. "It went really smoothly and we got through the test," she recollects. "I remember the moment the instructor said he had passed and I translated the good news to my dad. 'You've passed the test!' He was overjoyed and I was too. It was a moment in our lives we will share forever." Years later, and now an adult, Jiawei rarely translates for her baba as his English has improved significantly. But perhaps her experience as a young translator has influenced her choice of career? After completing a PhD in medical sciences, she and her partner founded a start-up to develop technology that translates complex medical documents from English into Chinese. She is now learning to drive herself, which has brought back memories of the time she spent with her father and his instructor. The basic principles of driving were already familiar to her, even before she started lessons. Jiawei is looking forward to the day when she tells her baba she has passed her own driving test. "Life has found a way of coming around in a big circle," she says. Dr Humera Iqbal is a lecturer in psychology at University College London You may also be interested in:

जब कोई परिवार किसी नए देश में आता है, तो अक्सर बच्चे सबसे पहले नई भाषा सीखते हैं-और अनिवार्य रूप से, वे पारिवारिक अनुवादक बन जाते हैं। शोधकर्ता डॉ. हुमेरा इकबाल बताते हैं कि डॉक्टरों और मकान मालिकों, बैंक कर्मचारियों या रेस्तरां आपूर्तिकर्ताओं के साथ व्यवहार करने के लिए जिम्मेदार बच्चा होना कैसा होता है।


Coronavirus: What happens if I'm in an area on the watchlist?

Summary: More than six million people in England live in areas on a Covid-19 watchlist, which could end in a tightened lockdown like in Leicester and parts of the north if coronavirus is not brought back under control. What happens if your town goes on the list?

By Rob England & Daniel WainwrightBBC News Every week, Public Health England (PHE) publishes a list of areas it is concerned about based on new coronavirus infection rates and other local intelligence. These places are categorised as either "areas of concern", "areas of enhanced support" or "areas of intervention". Measures range from increased testing to stricter lockdowns. Areas of intervention The government has put Greater Manchester, parts of east Lancashire and West Yorkshire into the highest risk category, requiring the most support. People have been told not to meet those from other households indoors or in private gardens. In Leicester, the city stepped back into a stricter lockdown than the rest of England in July, with non-essential shops and businesses closed and travel restricted. Luton and Blackburn were marked for intervention on 23 July and that meant gyms, pools, fitness and dance studios and other sports facilities remained closed, even though elsewhere in England they were allowed to reopen on 25 July. And while Luton stepped down a rung on Friday, Blackburn is still in a tighter lockdown. When Blackburn saw a spike in cases, officials introduced measures such as: Council Leader Mohammed Khan said the authority was given support to increase testing, including home tests and tests for those with and without symptoms in the worst-affected areas. But Mr Khan also said further testing capacity was needed, and had requested resources from the government to set up a new test centre in the area before it was moved up to "intervention". Areas of enhanced support Areas in this category receive extra resources, such as more mobile testing. In Pendle, Lancashire, people were issued with stricter guidelines to the rest of England. On Friday it joined the eastern part of Lancashire, parts of Yorkshire and the whole of Greater Manchester in moving up to "intervention". Luton and Oadby and Wigston moved down from intervention to enhanced support. The Director of Public Health for Lancashire, Dr Sakthi Karunanithi, said being put in a higher risk category on the watchlist meant there had been extra support similar to that seen in higher risk areas. This included the ability to test people with or without symptoms, extra testing kits and help analysing data by national experts. "If these areas are going to be on the list for a long time, this needs to be compensated with the right level of resources," he said. "We're able to manage at the moment, but if more areas [in Lancashire] make the list then we will be asking for more support." He said more resources would be needed to help test and trace efforts, supporting the community and businesses and communicating with people. Areas of concern Areas of concern are those at the lowest end of PHE's watchlist, but will have some of the highest rates of new infection in the country. In these cases the local council will take action. For example they might do more testing in care homes or work with communities they have identified as higher risk. Under their existing Covid-19 powers, councils could close down a venue, such as a pub, but would not be able to order them all to close. Sandwell Council was one of two areas, along with Eden in Cumbria, added to the watchlist on Friday after cases more than tripled over three weeks. Its director of public health, Dr Lisa McNally, said it had already dealt with outbreaks, with an enhanced local test and trace programme and more direct involvement with businesses. She added support from the national test and trace system had "failed" and the council was doing its own. "We've been saying over and over again that when we get the daily data through on who has tested positive that we need names and workplaces," she said. Dr McNally said the PHE data the council was sent had a column for occupation, but it was often either blank or limited to things like "engineer", "healthcare" or even simply "citizen", rather than containing the information about where the person worked. She said language barriers were one of the main problems with test and trace in areas where English was not the first language of large numbers of people, so staff who speak other languages had been redeployed to help. What if my area comes off the list? Coming off the list does not mean it is all over. Oldham, which this week recorded the biggest surge in new cases in the country, was an area of concern a fortnight ago only to be removed last week as cases started to rise. Now the area is back on it at the highest alert level. Sheffield came off the list of concern last week. Public health bosses said that meant they were classed as "business as usual". "If cases rise in Sheffield and we meet the criteria for one of the other three categories, we would expect to be re-categorised accordingly," a spokeswoman said. Barnsley in Yorkshire was on the list but came off it on 23 July after the number of new infections fell. Julia Burrows, director of public health, said the area now had a better chance of getting on top of the spread of the virus, thanks to the additional testing. The area would "definitely not" be easing up, however. "The virus is still with us and will be for the foreseeable future," she said. "We continue to urge adherence to the guidance, to make sure we continue to prevent transmission of the virus, so we don't start to see infection rates creeping up again." A spokeswoman for the Department of Health and Social Care said: "As demonstrated in Leicester, we will take all necessary steps to stop the spread of the virus and we continue to urge the public to play their part by following government guidance." Additional reporting: The Local Democracy Reporting Service

इंग्लैंड में 60 लाख से अधिक लोग कोविड-19 निगरानी सूची वाले क्षेत्रों में रहते हैं, जो कोरोना वायरस को नियंत्रण में वापस नहीं लाए जाने पर लीसेस्टर और उत्तर के कुछ हिस्सों की तरह एक सख्त लॉकडाउन में समाप्त हो सकता है। अगर आपका शहर सूची में चला जाता है तो क्या होगा?