India election 2019: PM Narendra Modi's Tamil Nadu problem

Summary: Politicians often make strange promises on the campaign trail.

By Ayeshea PereraBBC News, Delhi But even so, a pledge relating to in-flight announcements is not quite what you would expect to hear at a large political rally. And especially in a country like India where much of the population has never seen the inside of an airport, let alone a plane. Yet that is exactly what India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke about to a large gathering in Kancheepuram in the southern state of Tamil Nadu earlier this month. "We are also seriously thinking about ensuring that flights flying to and from Tamil Nadu have in-flight announcement in Tamil language," he told the crowd in halting English with the aid of a Tamil translator. The chief minister of the state, whose AIADMK party had recently signed an alliance with Mr Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), looked gleeful and clapped his hands together briefly. The crowd dutifully cheered but soon fell silent. Mr Modi's second promise - to rename the iconic Chennai Central Station in honour of AIADMK's founder MG Ramachandran got a better response. But these were still unusual announcements from a politician who normally sells his crowds much more ambitious dreams. 'Go back, Modi' Usually a captivating and fiery orator, the prime minister looked discomfited during his speech of just over 40 minutes. His decision not to speak in Hindi was a clear handicap, although in a state known for its strong sentiments against the language, it was an unsurprising choice. Even as he stood on the stage, social media in the region was lighting up as people began tweeting with the hashtag #GoBackModi. The slogan, which was first prominently raised by opposition parties when Mr Modi visited Chennai (formerly Madras) for an event last year, has begun trending on social media every time he visits the south. On several occasions, including this one, it began trending worldwide. In parts of his address, it seemed as though India's PM genuinely did not know how to connect with the people gathered there. And it appears many voters in the state, which has a population of 72 million and has always defined itself in opposition to the Hindi-speaking North, do not connect with him either. "Not many youngsters attend BJP meetings. I have seen many memes and video trolls of Modi and other Tamil Nadu BJP leaders and laughed loudly," D Selvakumar, a first-time voter in Chennai, told BBC Tamil. "We do not look up to Modi as a national leader because he lacks relevance among Tamil people." Of course not everyone feels that way. Political analysts say that there are many in the state who identify with Mr Modi's message of patriotism and see him as a strong leader. Narayanan Thirupathy, a spokesman for the BJP in south India, said the prime minister was the only person who could fill the vacuum left by the deaths of Jayalalitha in 2016 and Karunanidhi in 2018. The two former chief ministers dominated politics in the state for decades. "The parties here fear the name of Modi. So they have been part of a malicious campaign to paint him as an enemy of the Tamil people. They are trying to destabilise the culture and government of this state," he told the BBC. But KN Arun, a senior journalist and political analyst, said that Mr Modi's silence after cyclone Gaja devastated the state last year, had angered many people. "He didn't even tweet about it or make an aerial survey. And now after elections have been announced, he has come here three times. People are very rankled." India votes 2019: Analysts in the state say however, that the disconnect is much more fundamental than that. The BJP and its ideological fountainhead, the RSS, are widely perceived to represent an upper caste, north Indian agenda. Although Mr Modi is not a Brahmin (the caste on top of India's social hierarchy) and the RSS has in recent years tried hard to shed its image of a purely upper caste organisation, it does not seem to have convinced too many people. "It's been about eight decades now, but the BJP is still seen as a Brahminical party here. They really need to shed this image," Mr Arun said. Tamil Nadu is a state that has long seen itself as a bulwark against the "hegemony" of north India. In 1965, it saw violent protests against the proposed imposition of Hindi as India's only official language. Its politics are also influenced by the Dravidian movement, at the core of which is anti-Brahmin sentiment with a strong emphasis on "self-respect" for other castes and a focus on social welfare and development. So successive state governments in Tamil Nadu have invested heavily in social welfare projects such as nutrition schemes, the building of free schools and colleges, and the electrification of villages. Therefore Tamil Nadu, along with its neighbouring state of Kerala, stands apart in a country that still has massive challenges to overcome in terms of human development. According to the 2011 population census, the state has a literacy rate of more than 80%. It also has a maternal mortality rate of just 67 per 100,000 live births and low levels of malnutrition. This is mainly due to the fact that successive state governments have followed strong socialist welfare policy schemes. It also has the second-largest state economy in India, with strong agricultural and industrial sectors. The latest data shows that the eonomy grew by an impressive 8% in 2017-2018. "The problem is that everything he offers Tamil Nadu was irrelevant to us 20 years ago. All the goals of his so-called landmark schemes were achieved in this state decades ago," says PTR Thiyagarajan, a lawmaker from the state's opposition DMK party, who called Mr Modi's rallies "embarrassing". "He is so used to talking in the language of deprivation that he doesn't know what to say when he comes here." But Mr Narayanan of the BJP said his party had introduced both infrastructure development programmes and welfare programmes which had greatly benefited the state. Elsewhere in India the BJP has worked to consolidate a common Hindu vote. But this strategy has not succeeded in Tamil Nadu: the party won a single seat in the state there in 2014. "Although it is deeply religious, Tamil Nadu has always been a truly secular state. People here don't want that disturbed. We don't want all these fundamentalist slogans and divisive politics," author and journalist Vaasanthi said. "Dravidian ideology runs counter to the Hindu fundamentalist ideology of the BJP. Even if it has some traction among some sections it is highly unlikely to convert to votes here," says KN Arun. However, it is not as though Tamil Nadu does not have issues that Mr Modi could seize on. 'Not a game-changer' "There are gripping local issues, extremely important regional issues, but none of these things are reflected in Mr Modi's speeches. He cannot be expected to keep track of what is happening everywhere in the country but his speech writers should know better," RK Radhakrishnan, the associate editor of the Frontline current affairs magazine, said. Mr Radhakrishnan said that instead of talking about things like station names, which he described as a "joke", Mr Modi could have talked about how the state's industrial hubs were floundering, with massive job losses in recent years. "And why can't he directly address voter demands? When he went to the city of Tiruppur he could have talked about the speciality hospital that people had asked for. Yet he never even brought it up. Why can't he talk about how a Supreme Court ban on firecrackers is hurting industries in Sivakasi?" He believes that the BJP has simply decided that Tamil Nadu is not a priority - at least for now. "Of course he would love to get Tamil Nadu right, but it's not a game-changer if he doesn't. I believe he comes just to galvanise his base in the south. And for that, this is enough."

राजनेता अक्सर चुनाव प्रचार के दौरान अजीबोगरीब वादे करते हैं।


Bafta TV Awards 2020: Winners in full

Summary: The best British TV of 2019 has been honoured at the Bafta Television Awards, held virtually on 31 July. Here is the full list of winners and nominees:

Leading actress Leading actor Supporting actress Supporting actor Entertainment performance Male performance in a comedy programme Female performance in a comedy programme Drama series Single drama Mini-series Soap and continuing drama International Entertainment programme Comedy entertainment programme Scripted comedy Features Must-see moment Current affairs Single documentary Factual series Reality and constructed factual Specialist factual News coverage Sport Live event Short-form programme Special Bafta The winners of the Bafta TV Craft Awards, honouring those who work behind the scenes, were announced on 17 July. Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk,

2019 के सर्वश्रेष्ठ ब्रिटिश टीवी को बाफ्टा टेलीविजन अवार्ड्स में सम्मानित किया गया है, जो वस्तुतः 31 जुलाई को आयोजित किया गया है। यहाँ विजेताओं और नामांकित व्यक्तियों की पूरी सूची दी गई हैः


Murder arrests after man found dead in Doncaster

Summary: Two people have been arrested on suspicion of murder after a man was found dead in Doncaster.

Emergency services discovered the body of the 55-year-old man at an address on Beckett Road, in the Wheatley area, on Sunday afternoon. South Yorkshire Police said officers were called to the scene shortly after 12:00 GMT after reports a man had died. A 34-year-old man and a 50-year-old woman were detained and remain in custody as inquiries continue. A post mortem examination is due to take place later.

डॉनकास्टर में एक व्यक्ति के मृत पाए जाने के बाद हत्या के संदेह में दो लोगों को गिरफ्तार किया गया है।


Iron Age hill fort sought by Hen Gastell diggers

Summary: Archaeologists and volunteers in Gwynedd are hoping to unearth an Iron Age hill fort as part of a UK-wide Festival of Archaeology.

The team is excavating an ancient ditched enclosure at Hen Gastell in Llanwnda, near Caernarfon. Surveys in 2013 suggested the site may be medieval rather than Iron Age. Site director Jane Kenny said: "There are definitely at least five postholes, which is really exciting, because postholes mean there was a building." An open day on Saturday 19 July will offer a glimpse of what the dig has discovered. The Festival of Archaeology, which runs until 27 July, includes open days and special events at historic sites across Wales.

ग्वेनेड में पुरातत्वविदों और स्वयंसेवकों को ब्रिटेन-व्यापी पुरातत्व महोत्सव के हिस्से के रूप में एक लौह युग के पहाड़ी किले का पता लगाने की उम्मीद है।


Victorian Strangeness: The great balloon riot of 1864

Summary: Europe's largest balloon festival is staged this weekend in Bristol. We trust there'll be no repeat of the scenes in Leicester in 1864. Author Jeremy Clay tells the little-known tale of Britain's balloon riot.

Magazine MonitorA collection of cultural artefacts The distinguished gentleman ran for his life - his clothes ripped, his hair dishevelled, a furious mob hot on his heels, baying for blood. Behind him lay the ripped-up, burning remnants of his livelihood. What with one thing and another, his balloon display hadn't gone quite as well as he'd expected. It had all started so promisingly, too. A crowd of about 50,000 people had gathered on the racecourse in Leicester that summer's day in 1864 to see the feted aeronaut take to the skies. Henry Coxwell wasn't just an aviation pioneer, he was something of a celebrity too. Two years earlier, accompanied by the meteorological scientist Dr James Glaisher, he'd soared up to the stratosphere, curious as to what might happen next. What actually happened next was Dr Glaisher went temporarily blind, then passed out. Coxwell, who had lost all sensation in his gloveless hands, could well have followed suit, had he not saved them both by opening the valve-cord with his teeth. Such shivering dash and derring-do made him a hero, so when he agreed to appear with his fancy new balloon Britannia at the Order of Forester's fete in Leicester, admirers arrived from as far and wide to see him soar into the skies. But as the punters gathered, and Coxwell made his pre-flight preparations, there was trouble afoot. "Early in the afternoon, a gentleman, reported to be a professional man, gave it out that the balloon then present was not my largest and newest balloon but a small one," Coxwell would later write to the Times. "This was a cruel libel," he added, but the rumour spread all the same. "This Coxwell," they muttered, darkly, "he's taking us for mugs." As the mood soured, the masses pressed in. With barely any police on duty to control the huge throng, "a perfect sea of clamouring spectators" broke into his enclosure, "everybody demanding an instantaneous ascent". If he expected better behaviour from the well-to-do Leicester folk who were to accompany him into the air, he was sorely disappointed. "Those who had paid their money and obtained tickets pounced into the basket in such a rude and unceremonious manner that all operations were stopped and the passengers themselves were preventing their own departure," wrote Coxwell. "One person seated in my car was a disgrace to his town, as by his gestures and foul language he excited the mob and induced the belief that there existed on my part a disinclination to ascend. "The pressure of the mob was now so great that my car was damaged, the network broken in several places owing to persons hanging on to the lower meshes, and a bottle was thrown into the balloon." Enough was enough, thought Coxwell. He appealed to the nobler instincts of the crowd and warned that unless they eased back, he would be forced to let out the gas. In return, they shouted abuse. "I forthwith executed my threat," he said. "To the astonishment of everyone," reported the Leicester Chronicle, "the canvas which a few moments before appeared, every inch of it, to be well filled with gas, began to hang loose, and flapped in the wind so much it was soon apparent that the gas was fast escaping. "All doubt on this point was soon dispelled, more especially in regard to those people immediately surrounding it (for the stench became intolerable) and every moment the size of the balloon became less and less; the wind filling its loose folds, and causing it to pitch and toss about considerably, and threatening every moment to fall on the heads of those who stood near it. "Finally, the whole structure fell into a shapeless mass on the ground." And that's when it really kicked off. "The crowd who stood around immediately seized upon the net-work and material of the balloon and tore it into a hundred shreds," said the paper. "The car was next - set fire to and burnt to ashes." Insp Haynes and Sgt Chapman, stalwarts of the Leicester force, battled manfully with the rabble, but they were horribly outnumbered. "It was brave but hard work," Coxwell wrote, "for nothing short of the destruction of my balloon, and indeed an attempt on my own life, appeared a sufficient sacrifice. "While the work of demolition was proceeding, Sergeant Chapman led me away amid yelling and derision. My clothes were soon torn and then the cry was raised, 'Rip him up,' 'knock him on the head', 'finish him'." Dashing for safety, Coxwell found sanctuary in the nearby home on the Town Clerk. Back on the racecourse, a man who had been taken for the aviator was attacked, and his coat pulled to bits. The more entrepreneurially-minded, meanwhile, began selling remaining pieces of the balloon as souvenirs. "I never witnessed such barbarous ignorance, baseness and injustice in my life," a letter-writer complained to the Chronicle after returning from the ruckus. "I feared Mr Coxwell would be killed. I was knocked down thrice myself simply for endeavouring to defend him." The correspondent added a PS: "They have burnt the balloon and are parading its remains through the town, having just passed my window." Condemnation of the brouhaha swiftly followed. A report of The London Review of Politics, Society, Literature, Art and Science said: "No man who commits himself to the science of ballooning can tell where or amongst what people it will carry him, as Mr Coxwell has just discovered. "It set him down on Monday amongst a horde of savages as fierce and untamed as South Sea Islanders and differing very little from them except in their habitat, which was at Leicester. "It is humiliating to think that after all the civilising influences which have been exerted upon them, so much of the savage should still linger in the blood of our working classes." In Leicester, the blame for the uproar was put on out-of-towners. Excursionists. From Nottingham, perhaps. But to no avail. The town was stigmatised. And so, a short-lived nickname was born. People from Leicester are known as Leicestrians. For reasons that needn't trouble us here, you might also hear them called Chisits. But for a while in 1864, thanks to Punch magazine, they had a new title - Balloonatics. Discover more about what life was like in Victorian times and 10 truly bizarre Victorian deaths Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox. Penny Illustrated Paper image provided by The British Library Board.

यूरोप का सबसे बड़ा गुब्बारा उत्सव इस सप्ताह के अंत में ब्रिस्टल में आयोजित किया जाता है। हमें विश्वास है कि 1864 में लीसेस्टर के दृश्यों की पुनरावृत्ति नहीं होगी। लेखक जेरेमी क्ले ब्रिटेन के गुब्बारे के दंगे की अल्पज्ञात कहानी बताते हैं।


Hutchinson-Foster case shines light on Duggan shooting mystery

Summary: When police shot dead a 29-year-old man, Mark Duggan, in Tottenham last summer it led to the worst riots in England for a generation. The circumstances of the shooting have been shrouded in mystery. But over the past month a trial has opened a window, for the first time, on the events leading up to, and immediately after, the controversial shooting.

By Matt ProdgerHome affairs correspondent A jury has failed to reach a verdict on whether a friend of Mark Duggan, Kevin Hutchinson-Foster, supplied him with the handgun which police say he was holding when they shot him dead. On 4 August 2011, the Met's gang crime unit, Trident, had Mark Duggan under surveillance. They followed him as he made his final journey, by minicab, across North London. He knew he was being followed. He sent a text message to a friend which read: "Watch our for a green VW van. It's Trident. dey jus jammed me." It was alleged in court that in Leyton the cab stopped and Kevin Hutchinson-Foster handed Mark Duggan a shoebox with a gun inside. But although Hutchinson-Foster pleaded guilty to possessing an illegal handgun and using it in an assault a week earlier, he denied meeting Mark Duggan on 4 August and supplying him with the weapon. In Tottenham, firearms officers from CO19 carried out a "hard stop" on the cab and within seconds Mark Duggan had been shot twice. In the immediate aftermath it was reported that Mark Duggan had fired at police. He hadn't. There was also a failure to liaise properly with relatives of Mark Duggan after the death. Tempers frayed in Tottenham, and by 6 August a protest at the shooting became a riot. That fireballed into four days of unrest and looting in cities across England. The trial of Kevin Hutchinson-Foster has provided more detail about the shooting than ever before heard in public. And during it the police account - that Mark Duggan was holding a gun when shot - was questioned. For the first time, the jury heard: Kevin Hutchinson-Foster admitted possessing an illegal handgun a week before the Duggan shooting and using it to beat a Hackney barber during an argument over a woman. But the jury was unable to agree on whether he had later given Mark Duggan the gun. The question remains as to whether or not Mr Duggan was armed and the police shooting justified? Ed Brown QC, for the prosecution, told the jurors that it was not their job "to decide one way or the other the rights or wrongs of the shooting of Mark Duggan. That is a task properly left to an inquest." More than a year after the riots, we know much more about the killing that triggered them. But today's failure to reach a verdict on the man accused of providing the gun at the centre of the Mark Duggan killing has done very little to settle the debate.

जब पुलिस ने पिछली गर्मियों में टोटेनहम में एक 29 वर्षीय व्यक्ति, मार्क डुगन की गोली मारकर हत्या कर दी, तो यह इंग्लैंड में एक पीढ़ी के लिए सबसे खराब दंगों का कारण बना। गोलीबारी की परिस्थितियां रहस्य में डूबी हुई हैं। लेकिन पिछले एक महीने में एक मुकदमे ने पहली बार, विवादास्पद गोलीबारी से पहले और उसके तुरंत बाद की घटनाओं पर एक खिड़की खोल दी है।


When politicians fall foul of social media

Summary: You've probably heard of Ed Balls Day.

By Chris Bell and Yana LyushnevskayaBBC UGC and Social News and BBC Monitoring Back in 2011, the former Labour MP inadvertently inserted his name into the calendar by tweeting two famous words: Ed Balls. You might be less familiar with Mykhaylo Dobkin, unless you're reading in Ukraine. But Mr Dobkin became a social media sensation 10 years ago to the day, long before Ed Balls, when a video leaked of him preparing for his electoral campaign. A decade on, Ukrainians are celebrating his sweary contribution to the pantheon of politicians who have come unstuck online. Starring alongside Mr Dobkin, then the mayor of Kharkiv, Ukraine's second most-populous city, was his close ally Hennadiy Kernes. Like many double acts, it's the back and forth between the two which helped the video to spread far and wide. Much of their exchange is somewhat less than safe for work but, as Mr Dobkin struggles to get to grips with his lines, there are a few, choice, printable morsels. "This text has been written by a moron," Mr Dobkin exclaims, as he attempts to get his words out. "Your face is dull. Nobody will give you money," Mr Kernes retorts, in an apparent attempt to liven up Mr Dobkin's performance. Both have become often heard catchphrases in Ukraine. You might also like: Mr Dobkin is currently a member of the Ukrainian parliament who unsuccessfully ran for President in 2014. He is under criminal investigation for alleged abuse of office, charges he denies, while Mr Kernes, the current mayor of Kharkiv, has been confined to a wheelchair since 2014 following an unsuccessful assassination attempt. Mr Kernes is charged with alleged abduction and death threats linked to the 2014 revolution which saw President Viktor Yanukovych, then the leader of Dobkins and Kernes' political party, forced into exile in Russia. 'Epic video' Marking the 10-year anniversary, the video has once again been widely watched and shared. One posting of the video from a Ukrainian satirical Facebook page (warning: contains swearing in Ukrainian) has been watched more than 150,000 times. Ukrainian blogger Sergey Naumovich described it as the "most epic video of Ukrainian politics". "This video is epic not only because of the catchphrases but also because the candidate is not even remotely aware of what is said in his campaign speech and because he can't put two words together even with a cue," Naumovich wrote. Social media user Aleksey Moroz reflected the sentiment of many comments on posts sharing the video when he asked: "How can you vote for this? I can't even wrap my head around it."

आपने शायद एड बॉल्स डे के बारे में सुना होगा।


Covid-19 in India: Patients struggle at home as hospitals choke

Summary: As hospitals in Delhi and many other cities run out of beds, people have been forced to find ways to get treatment for sick patients at home. Many have turned to the black market, where prices of essential medicines, oxygen cylinders and concentrators have skyrocketed and questionable drugs are now proliferating.

By Vikas PandeyBBC News, Delhi On Monday, India recorded a new global high for daily coronavirus cases for a fifth straight day at 352, 991. Anshu Priya could not get a hospital bed in Delhi or its suburb of Noida for her father-in-law and as his condition continued to deteriorate. She spent most of Sunday looking for an oxygen cylinder but her search was futile. So she finally turned to the black market. She paid a hefty amount - 50,000 rupees ($670; £480) - to procure a cylinder that normally costs 6,000 rupees. With her mother-in-law also struggling to breathe, Anshu knew she may not be able to find or afford another cylinder on the black market. This is a familiar story not just in Delhi but also in Noida, Lucknow, Allahabad, Indore and so many other cities where families are desperately cobbling together makeshift arrangements at home. But most of India's population cannot afford to do this. There are already several reports of people dying at the doorsteps of hospitals because they couldn't afford to buy essential drugs and oxygen on the black market. The BBC called several oxygen cylinder suppliers and most of them asked for at least 10 times more than the normal price. The situation is particularly dire in Delhi where there are no ICU beds left. Families of those who can afford it are hiring nurses and consulting doctors remotely to keep their loved ones breathing. But the struggles are huge from getting blood tests done to getting a CT scan or x-ray. Labs are overrun and it's taking up to three days for test results to come back. This is making it harder for treating doctors to assess the progression of the disease. CT scans are also used by doctors to asses the condition of the patient but it's taking days to get an appointment. Doctors say that these delays are putting many patients at risk. RT-PCR tests are also taking days. I know several sick patients who found a bed but couldn't get admitted as they didn't have a positive Covid report. Anuj Tiwari hired a nurse to assist in the treatment of his brother at home after he was refused admission in many hospitals. Some said they didn't have any free beds and others said they were not taking new patients due to continuing uncertainty over the supply of oxygen. A number of patients have died in Delhi due to a lack of oxygen supply. The city's hospitals are desperate and some have been issuing daily warnings, saying they are left with just a few hours of oxygen. Then the government swings into action and tankers are sent, which is often enough to run the hospital for a day. A doctor in Delhi said that was how hospitals were working and "there are real fears now that a big tragedy may happen". Given the scenario at hospitals, Mr Tiwari paid a hefty amount to procure a concentrator - which can extract oxygen from the air - keep his brother breathing. The doctor also asked him to arrange the anti-viral drug remdesivir, which has been given emergency-use approval in India and is being prescribed widely by doctors. The benefits of the drug - which was originally developed to treat Ebola - are still being debated across the world. Mr Tiwari couldn't find the drug in any medicine shop and eventually turned to the black market. His brother's condition continues to be critical and the treating doctor says he may soon need a hospital where remdesvir could be administered. "There are no beds. What will I do? I can't even take him anywhere else as I have already spent so much money and don't have much left," he said. He added that "the desperate battle to save Covid patients has shifted from hospitals to home", and even that is proving to be a daunting task as "we don't have easy access to oxygen". Remdesivir is in such short supply that families of the patients who are being treated at home are rushing to procure it. They want to have the drug in case the patient is required to go to hospital and may need the drug. The BBC spoke to several dealers on the black market who said the supply was tight and that was why they were charging such high prices. The government has allowed seven firms to manufacture remdesvir in India and they have been told to ramp up production. But several promises of adequate supply from the government have failed to show any result on the ground. Epidemiologist Dr Lalit Kant says the decision to ramp up production was taken too late and the government should have been prepared for the second wave. "But somehow the drug is available in the black market, so there is some leakage in the supply system which the regulators haven't been able to plug," he says. "We learnt nothing from the first wave." Another drug that is in huge demand is tocilizumab. It is normally used to treat arthritis but studies have shown that it can reduce the chances of a very sick patient needing to go on a ventilator. Doctors are prescribing the drug mostly to patients who are severely sick. But it has disappeared from the market. Cipla, the Indian company that imports and sells the drug, has been struggling to meet the rising demand. It usually costs around 32,480 rupees for a vial of 400mg. But Kamal Kumar paid 250,000 rupees to buy one dose for his father. He said the price was "mind boggling" but he had no other option but to pay. Public health expert Anant Bhan says the government should have procured the drug in huge quantities as not many can afford to buy it in the black market. "This shows that there was no planning. The government failed to anticipate the wave and plan for it," he says. "People have been left to their own fate." Cheating Fake remdesivir has also appeared in the black market. When the BBC questioned a dealer that the drug he was offering seemed fake as the firm manufacturing it wasn't on the list of the companies licensed to produce it in India, he replied that it was "100% original". The packaging was also full of spelling errors. But he shrugged and asked me to get it tested in any laboratory. The firm also has no presence on the internet. But such is the desperation that people are willing to buy even questionable drugs. And some have been cheated as well. People are constantly sharing phone numbers of suppliers who can provide anything from oxygen to medicines. But not all of these numbers are verified. An IT worker, who did not want to be named, said that he desperately needed to buy an oxygen cylinder and remdesivir, and he got a lead from Twitter. When he contacted the person, he was told to deposit 10,000 rupees as advance payment. "The moment I sent the money, the person blocked my number," he said. Desperation is driving people to trust anything in the hour of need and that seems to be fuelling the black market. Several state governments have promised to crack down on black marketing of remdesivir and some arrests have also been made. But the black market seems unfazed. Mr Tiwari says people like him don't have any choice but to pay more. "It seems you can't get treated in hospitals, and now you can't save your loved ones even at home." How have you been affected by coronavirus in India? Tell us your story by emailing: haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also get in touch in the following ways: Your contact info I am over 16 years old I accept the Terms of Service In some cases a selection of your comments and questions will be published, displaying your name and location as you provide it unless you state otherwise. Your contact details will never be published. At no time should you endanger yourself or others, take any unnecessary risks or infringe any laws. The BBC retains the right to select from these contributions based on editorial requirements and subject to online terms and conditions and BBC editorial guidelines. For more information about how the BBC handles your personal data, see here. If you are reading this page and can't see the form you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question or comment or you can email us at HaveYourSay@bbc.co.uk. Please include your name, age and location with any submission.

जैसे-जैसे दिल्ली और कई अन्य शहरों के अस्पतालों में बिस्तर खत्म हो रहे हैं, लोग घर पर बीमार रोगियों के इलाज के तरीके खोजने के लिए मजबूर हो रहे हैं। कई लोगों ने काला बाजार की ओर रुख किया है, जहां आवश्यक दवाओं, ऑक्सीजन सिलेंडर और सांद्रक की कीमतें आसमान छू रही हैं और संदिग्ध दवाएं अब बढ़ रही हैं।


Sound of 2019: slowthai 'telling the story of the people for the people'

Summary: He's either a grime MC making punk music or a punk making rap music. Either way, slowthai - number four in the BBC's Sound of 2019 - is unlike any artist to emerge from the past 12 months.

By Kev GeogheganBBC News reporter The 24-year-old "class clown dunce" and his nihilistic, often funny tales of petty criminality have taken the music industry by storm with effusive praise for his energetic live shows. Born Tyron Frampton, slowthai was brought up on a Northampton council estate nicknamed "The Bush". Raised by a single mum, his name comes from his childhood habit of talking slowly (Slow-Ty). But his vocals are anything but as he spits lyrics with the furious pace of a young man who has much to say, whether it's about race... Brown sugar never been so sweet / But vanilla ice cream is my favourite dish / Blacker the berry, the sweeter the drip - make a cheesecake, last bit, we can split it / Why you care what my pigment is? ...or a tribute to the women in his life. This one's for the ladies / 'Cus they have our babies / And they drive us crazy / But they made us men. The issues of class, unemployment, hopelessness and and feeling like a outsider also loom large in slowthai's work. In Doorman, he writes about dating a girl from a different social background: Doorman, let me in the door / Spent all my money, you ain't getting no more wages / Sure Sir, Sir, are you sure? / In short - I'm not a mop you can drag 'cross the floor. He released his debut track, T N Biscuits, in 2017. Hi slowthai! We hear you just got back from South Africa... I was there for a gig, it was amazing. I never thought I would go to South Africa to play a gig but to get there and see people going crazy and knowing all the tunes... it's a completely different way of life out there but it was beautiful to see, it was a pleasure, a blessing man. What is it about your music that makes travel? Over there, people feel alone, it gives them a sense of - no matter where you are, there is somebody out there that has a similar understanding or viewpoint or perspective. It's connection to the music. Anywhere you go, where people are at the bottom, we've all got the same outlook on life and want to strive for more. It shows people that haven't got much, I haven't got anything, that they can do whatever they want to do. What's been the standout moment of 2018 for you Probably going to Dubai and going to South Africa, shutting it down. Also my first tour, I never believed that we'd get that far selling out a European tour. I wouldn't say that was one specific point because they all amount to something. Just being in the position I've been in, from where I was last year, it's life-changing. I never expected to be anywhere so to have done it is just crazy Congrats on making the Sound of 2019 top five... It's crazy man. As a kid you always looked to BBC Radio and think that's how you make it, so to be acknowledged, it's a blessing man, to put something out into the universe and it gives it back. What does it mean to a kid from a Northampton council estate to be on the list? I don't know if there's ever been anyone from Northampton on there. It gives people back home confirmation that something is really happening. It shows them that they can do whatever they want, if I can do it. The majority of people who know me, know the situation I'm from. They can be like, 'He's strived, he's stuck to what he's doing and he's got somewhere.' Are there many opportunities for young musicians in Northampton? It's always been a band town, there's always been good music but never a strong scene to keep it going. People want the quick and easy route, they give up too easy, but it's coming to a point where everyone is picking back up the instruments and starting to get involved. Is your plan to stay based in Northampton? I don't believe in the whole thing of staying anywhere - we are meant to explore, to travel and meant to spread our roots. (He recently toured Europe and South Africa). I'm trying to go everywhere I can and connect with people who feel the same way who haven't got much and give them a voice and let them know they're not alone, not just in Northampton. You've already had support from Radio One with a Hottest Record, that must have been cool? It was a shock and a surprise, I've had three Hottest Records, I think Polaroid, Rainbow and Doorman and it's been a blessing. It shows you don't have to make poppy music. I need to do that every time now though. Every time I release a new record, it has to be the hottest. In terms of songwriting, your life has changed a lot for you. How will that affect what you talk about in your music? I led a life before music and I've got so many stories to tell - I've not got to this point in time yet. I feel like when people are talking about how they make music or how they are the biggest rapper, I don't understand how that's relatable to people. I don't want to write about catching flights or how nice my life is; it will be more about what I see on my journey. I always want to talk about real life not about material possessions. I've got to tell the story of the people for the people and not for celebrity or fame. How do you think you will avoid the trappings of fame? Everyone that's on my team, that I make music with, is a friend. I don't make music with anyone - I have to connect with them first. I still have the same friends I had from before I was making music, I've still got all my family and any time I'm getting too big for myself, they will tell me. None of that stuff has ever appealed to me really, I mean I would like diamonds and jewellery and flashy things like other people but it's not fundamental to my every day. It's about going and picking up cultures, I'm going to places where people won't go because they're scared of getting robbed and spending time with people who are living real life and that's how I tell the story and keep it real, regardless of how big my bank balance is. The Influences- Sound of 2019 - slowthai chooses his lifelong musical influences - BBC Sounds What are your hopes for 2019? Just happiness, man. All I strive for is just to be happy, make music, explain where I am in life to other people. I just want to have a good time, that's all. I'm in this because it makes me happy, that's all I want. What would you be doing now if it wasn't for the music? I'd probably be in jail now or doing something silly. Just in an all-round bad place. Does music have a stabilising influence on you then? It's my expression, it's a way that I can fully release. You get lost in it, it's my escapism when I'm feeling something or have pent-up aggression, I can explain to myself and talk to myself and give myself a good reason to live. Just taking a bad situation and making it good. Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.

वह या तो पंक संगीत बनाने वाले ग्रैम एमसी हैं या रैप संगीत बनाने वाले पंक हैं। किसी भी तरह से, स्लोथाई-2019 की बीबीसी की ध्वनि में नंबर चार-पिछले 12 महीनों से उभरने वाले किसी भी कलाकार के विपरीत है।


South Africa teen pregnancy: Juggling school exams and baby twins

Summary: Recently released figures showed that a shocking 6% of female students got pregnant in a single year at a school in South Africa's Limpopo province. The BBC's Pumza Fihlani went to investigate.

When I meet 17-year-old Kholofelo Moholola, she is holding her two six-month-old babies, one in each arm, trying to comfort them. It is feeding time and they are restless. Kholofelo was one of 27 girls who became pregnant in the same year at the Molautsi Secondary School - out of 438 female pupils aged between 15 and 19. The young mother describes her children as "the most precious diamonds". But life is hard. She lives in the village of Blood River near Polokwane, the main city in Limpopo, which is a rural and sparsely populated province where poverty runs deep. Kholofelo's unemployed 35-year-old mother and her 53-year-old grandmother have to look after the children while she is at school. 'They are innocent' Hundreds of thousands of teenagers across the South Africa are currently writing their school-leaving exams. Kholofelo has to cope with these vital tests while juggling feeds, sleep, seemingly endless cries and nappy changes. She is also grieving the unexpected loss of one of the triplets she gave birth to - she now refers to the living pair as "the twins". "I need to do well in school; I have to make something of my life for the sake of my children. They are innocent. I owe them a good life," she says, her eyes welling up. But the chances of a good life seem slim. Their father is a 19-year-old fellow student. He has no financial means to help look after the children, and has to rely on the good graces of family members. Driving through the province, I see young people milling around on the streets, many in school uniform. Authorities say because of the lack of after-school activities to keep them occupied, alcohol and sex become easy escapes. 'Sugar daddies' and HIV Teenage pregnancy is a big problem in South Africa. It is a particularly pernicious problem in rural areas, where young girls hoping to escape poverty make easy prey for older men, known here as "blessers" or "sugar daddies". We drive further into Limpopo to an area called Dididi, a drive of about four hours from Kholofelo's village. It is home to a cluster of small villages. A total of 36 girls, aged between nine and 19, became pregnant here this year. Thirteen of them are now HIV-positive, according to Limpopo health authorities. "In the case of the 13, both parents tested negative for the virus. Where are they getting this virus, if not from older men?" asks Limpopo Health Minister Phophi Ramathuba. "If these children were only sleeping with each other we wouldn't be talking about HIV infections, we would be talking about teenage pregnancy. Now we are also dealing with new HIV infections in teenagers here," she adds. Parent-teacher meeting The Dididi community is also concerned. Scores of parents convened a meeting at a local secondary school where at least nine pupils are currently pregnant. The school authorities would not allow cameras inside but the principal Mashudu Maboho says the rate of teenage pregnancies was worrying. "This is not a problem for a school, this is a problem for the entire community. Parents want answers but teachers are not equipped to deal with this," he says, before leaving to address the anxious crowd. It is estimated that 182,000 South African teenagers become pregnant each year, and many are still in school. In Limpopo, a total of 16,238 children were born to teenagers in the province's state-owned hospitals between April 2017 and March 2018. Of these, 378 were 10 to 14 year-olds while the remaining 15,860 were 15 to 19 year-olds. According to a 2016 study by the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey, children born to very young mothers are at increased risk of sickness and death - something Kholofelo sadly found out first hand. Baby Bontle died just two days after birth because her lungs had not fully developed, leaving behind siblings Neo and Tshiamo. "It has been hard and I've been finding a way to cope. At least I still have these two. She couldn't breathe on her own, she was weak and didn't make it," says the young mother, weeping. Studies show that teenage mothers are more likely to have health problems such as hypertension and difficult deliveries, which sometimes lead to death. They account for 36% of maternal deaths every year, despite only accounting for 8% of births. What can be done? The question now is what can be done to change things? My time in Limpopo speaking to provincial authorities makes it clear that there are no easy answers. Still, authorities are worried that their messages on safe sex are falling on death ears. I ask Kholofelo about this. She pauses, looks at her grandmother, who at this point has joined her on the couch to help carry baby Neo. "Honestly, we learn about it at school. I am not sure if my boyfriend used a condom but we know we should use them." "Maybe we as young people just don't want to listen to the advice we are given. We want to do our own things," she says. Both she and her grandmother look uncomfortable when the subject comes up as communities here are still conservative. More from South Africa: Limpopo's Education Minister Maaria Kgetjepe agrees. "Rural communities are still reluctant to talk openly about sex. Talking to young people about sex is considered taboo. The problem with that is it does not mean they are not engaging in those activities," he says. "Learners also tell us there is a lot of judgement and ill-treatment from older nurses when they visit government facilities to ask for contraceptives so this makes them reluctant to approach clinics and hospitals," he adds. Back at Kholofelo's home, on the eve of her school-leaving exams, she takes the babies to where their sister is buried. She believed this will not only bring her good luck but also help her deal with her grief. The infant's grave is no more than a mound of dirt and the young mother breaks down almost instantly when she arrives. Moments passed. Exhausted from crying she finally stands up, dusts herself off and walks out of the cemetery.

हाल ही में जारी किए गए आंकड़ों से पता चला है कि दक्षिण अफ्रीका के लिम्पोपो प्रांत के एक स्कूल में एक ही वर्ष में 6 प्रतिशत महिला छात्र गर्भवती हो गईं। बीबीसी की पुम्जा फिहलानी जांच करने गई।


The problem with taking too many vitamins

Summary: Millions of people swear by vitamin supplements. But many are wasting their time and some could even be harming themselves, argues Dr Chris van Tulleken.

In November 1912 a party of three men and 16 dogs set out from a remote base in eastern Antarctica to explore a series of crevasses many hundreds of miles away. Three months later just one of the men returned. His name was Douglas Mawson. His skin was peeling off and his hair was falling out. He had lost almost half his body weight. He recounted what Sir Edmund Hillary described as "the greatest story of lone survival in the history of polar exploration". A month into their journey, one of the team, along with the tent, most of the provisions and six dogs plunged into a crevasse, never to be seen again. Mawson and the other surviving member, Xavier Mertz, started to return to base, surviving in part by eating the remaining dogs. After a few weeks Mertz developed stomach pains and diarrhoea. Then his skin started to peel off and his hair fell out. He died incontinent and delirious a few days later. Mawson suffered similar symptoms. With the kind of understatement typical of his generation of polar explorers he described the skin of the soles of his feet peeling off: "The sight of my feet gave me quite a shock, for the thickened skin of the soles had separated in each case as a complete layer... The new skin underneath was very much abraded and raw." It was the suffering of early explorers and sailors that motivated the first studies of vitamins and their deficiency diseases. At first sight Mawson's story seems to be another such tale - starvation combined with a lack of some vital nutrient. In fact, Mawson's description of his symptoms is an almost textbook description of vitamin A overdose - probably from eating dog liver. As little as 100g of husky liver could give a hungry explorer a fatal dose. Mawson lived to the decent age of 76 but in his story we find the cautionary tale for our times - vitamins can be very bad for you. This piece is about what we have learned about vitamin supplements in the last few years - if you are healthy, and you live in a country like the UK, taking multi-vitamins and high-dose antioxidants may shorten your life. For most of us, for most of the time, they're unhealthy. "Argh!" I hear you say, "I spend loads of money on them and the claims on the packet are really persuasive. Everything, from my full head of hair to my sex life, depends on them!" I want to get into this in a bit more detail because the vitamin companies certainly don't agree with me. So why do we believe they're useful and why do we take them? Vitamins are essential for life, and there are groups of people even in the UK who benefit from specific supplementation, but general unsupervised vitamin pill-popping is more than just a waste of money. The problem is that we all feel very warm and fuzzy about vitamins because, firstly, the tales of deficiency are so horrific, secondly, we read breakfast cereal packs and thirdly, a double-Nobel laureate called Linus Pauling liked vitamin C in vast, vast doses. All this is packaged by the people now selling us vitamins over the counter into that most beguiling of all logical falsehoods - if a little is good, then more must be better. Now I knew the names of the most obscure vitamins long before medical school because I have always had a fondness for the kind of multicoloured, artificially flavoured breakfast cereals that are marketed using a combination of unlikely cartoon animals and claims of being "vitamin and mineral-enriched". And it has to be said that this vitamin and mineral enrichment of staple food has been one of the most effective public health interventions in history. It continues to save countless lives per year even in Europe. So, while you shouldn't eat dog liver in Antarctica, vitamin A deficiency hugely increases the risk of blindness and death in children with measles and diarrhoea in developing countries. So the World Health Organization recommends a very strict amount and cautions that higher doses can cause birth defects in early pregnancy among other problems. So vitamins do make a huge difference to life expectancy in some circumstances, which is persuasive, and the breakfast propaganda catches us in our most vulnerable, bleary-eyed, early morning state, hinting to us that these vitamins have some sort of catch-all, beneficial effect on our lives, that will transform us into the healthy, energetic beautiful people/cartoon creatures portrayed on the cereal box. These things contribute to a general ideal of healthfulness of vitamins. And then there's Linus Pauling. Whether or not you've heard of him, Linus Pauling is a major influence on vitamin and nutrient culture. It's almost impossible to imagine someone with more authority and credibility. He won two Nobel prizes and was, by all accounts, a genuinely good bloke. He wrote a book in 1970 saying that high doses of vitamin C could be effective in combating flu, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infections and degenerative problems. He took immense quantities himself, hundreds of times the required amount, and lived to a ripe old age surrounded by many great grandchildren. He was the poster boy for mega-dosing of vitamins and this contributed to the growth of an industry supported by the belief that supplementation of these molecules in our diet is beneficial in almost every way imaginable. But rather than taking one man's word for it, however credible, it's worth looking at the results of studies that look at what happens to people who take these supplements for long periods of time. Looking at any one individual study won't be very revealing to answer the question of whether vitamin supplementation is good for you. They're densely scientific and the conflicts of interest can be very hard to spot. For the answer you have to turn to what are called "systematic review papers". This is where independent scientists gather up all the available data and re-analyse it to answer big questions. Here's what a couple of them say: "We found no evidence to support antioxidant supplements for primary or secondary prevention [of diseases of any kind]. Beta-carotene and vitamin E seem to increase mortality, and so may higher doses of vitamin A. Antioxidant supplements need to be considered as medicinal products and should undergo sufficient evaluation before marketing". (See references below). Just to be clear - "increase mortality" - that means they're killing you. These are powerfully bioactive compounds but they're not regulated in the same way as drugs. Whatever you think about the regulation there should surely be a warning on the pack if there's data saying they're bad for us. The next question is - why are they bad for us? It's very hard to pick apart the data, partly because vitamins are a fabulously diverse group of chemicals. I'm going to include what people normally refer to as minerals under the heading of vitamins. They're required in the diet not for energy, but as chemical partners for the enzymes involved in the body's metabolism - cell production, tissue repair, and other vital processes. Their functions are understood largely by their deficiency diseases so we're not exactly sure of precisely what they all do or how they interact. Antioxidants provide a nice example. They soak up the very toxic, chemically-reactive by-products of metabolism called free radicals. These free radicals, left unchecked, can cause damage to DNA and may be linked to cancer. Your cells are full of antioxidants but surely taking more would be better? Right? Keep those cancer causing radicals under control? Well, unfortunately, your body's immune system fights infections by using free radicals to kill bugs. Exactly what effect huge quantities of extra antioxidants could have on this is not clear but it's easy to imagine that it might not be good and you could get more infections. Vitamin A is linked to increasing lung cancer in smokers. Excess zinc is linked to reduced immune function. Long-term excessive intake of manganese is linked to muscle and nerve disorders in older people. Niacin in excess has been linked to cell damage. And so on. And it gets more complicated still when you start mixing everything up in one tablet. For example, different minerals compete for absorption. If you take large quantities of calcium you won't be able to absorb your iron. If you take large quantities of iron you won't be able to absorb zinc. If you take vitamin C you'll reduce your copper level. So it's not just that taking lots of one thing is not good for you, it's that it may cause a dangerous reduction in something else even if you are also supplementing that. To work out the optimal ratios is all but impossible although some manufactures claim to have worked it out. So when are supplements recommended? The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends certain supplements for some groups of people who are at risk of deficiency, including: Your GP may also recommend supplements if you need them for a medical condition. If you decide to take supplements, stick to within the RDA, unless you've had guidance from a state-registered dietician or clinical nutritionist to exceed the dose. If you've got questions about dosage levels, consult a state-registered dietician or clinical nutritionist. The tales of deficiency combined with the success of enrichment programmes mean that it's easy to make that leap of logic that if a little is good then more must be better. And if you read my article last week on water you'll see where this is going. I could do this every week. The same article. Substitute water for vitamins/probiotics/antibiotics. Don't trust the science done by the people who are trying to sell them to you and don't assume that if some is good more must be better. It's like beer. Or coffee. Or computer games. Goldilocks was right about things needing to be just right. References: Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastro-intestinal cancers, , 2004 Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud C, Antioxidant supplements to prevent mortality, The Journal of the American Medical Association, 2013 Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C, Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2012 Chris van Tulleken is on Twitter: @doctorChrisVT Follow @BBCNewsMagazine on Twitter and on Facebook Trust Me I'm a Doctor is broadcast on 17 October on BBC Two at 20:00 BST, or catch up with iPlayer

लाखों लोग विटामिन सप्लीमेंट की कसम खाते हैं। लेकिन कई अपना समय बर्बाद कर रहे हैं और कुछ खुद को नुकसान भी पहुँचा सकते हैं, डॉ. क्रिस वैन टुलेकेन का तर्क है।


The 'womanspreading' placard that caused fury in Pakistan

Summary: When Rumisa Lakhani and Rashida Shabbir Hussain created a placard for an International Women's Day march in Pakistan, they had no idea just how much it would place them at the centre of a fierce national debate.

By Ammar EbrahimBBC Stories The day before the event the two 22-year-old students attended a poster-making session at their university in Karachi. They wanted to come up with something that would attract attention and started brainstorming ideas. A friend happened to be sitting with her legs spread wide, and this inspired the poster that Rumisa and Rashida made. For Rumisa the way women should sit is a constant issue. "We have to be elegant; we have to worry about not showing the shape of our bodies. The men, they manspread and no-one bats an eye," she says. Rumisa's design depicted an unashamed womanspreader nonchalantly lounging in sunglasses. Her best friend Rashida then provided the slogan. Rashida wanted to draw attention to the fact that women "are told how to sit, how to walk, how to talk". So they decided on the caption: "Here, I'm sitting correctly." Rumisa and Rashida met in their first year at Habib University. Rumisa studies communication design, while Rashida is a social development and policy student. "We are best friends, we laugh together, tell each other everything," Rashida says. They share a passion for women's rights, based on their personal experiences of sexism. For Rumisa, dealing with the family pressure to get married has been a "daily struggle". She sees the fact that she isn't married today as "a personal victory". Rashida says she faces constant harassment on the streets. She also finds the expectation that she should marry and become a housewife uncomfortable. So the two friends were keen to participate in one of several "Aurat" marches - named after the Urdu word for women - staged in cities across Pakistan last month. "It was an amazing feeling, having so many women screaming for their rights," Rumisa says. "It was our space at that moment and I think all who attended could feel that empowered vibe from it." The Aurat marches were a big moment for the country's feminist movement. While women had marched in huge numbers in Pakistan before, these protests cut across class divisions and also included members of the LGBT community. In 2018 the World Economic Forum ranked Pakistan as the second-worst country out of 149 in terms of gender equality - the only country with a worse ranking was Yemen. Women in Pakistan regularly face domestic violence, forced marriages, sexual harassment, and can be the victims of honour killings. Some placards and posters on the Aurat marches were sexual in nature, and in this conservative country these triggered a backlash. The march organisers attribute this response to the fact they were challenging the notion that men should make decisions about women's bodies. "We were questioning body policing, the policing of women's sexuality," says Moneeza, one of the national organisers. "In the religious community there is the notion that a woman should cover herself and stay at home. We were challenging that." Rumisa believes the sight of 7,500 women gathering on the street shocked conservatives. "Doing that on the road with such a loud voice made people uncomfortable," she says. "People feel it's threatening Islam, although I don't see that. I think Islam is a feminist religion." Even before she had got home from the protest, Rumisa realised the picture of her with the placard had gone viral on social media. One comment on a Facebook post said, "I don't need this kind of society for my daughter"; while another said, "I am a woman but I certainly don't feel good about this. Show that we belong to an Islamic society." Another read, "It was women's day. Not bitches' day." However, others supported the placard's message. One woman tweeted: "I genuinely don't understand why people are so horrified by words on a poster when they should be disgusted by the subjugation of women in Pakistan." Rumisa received messages from people she knew saying, "We can't believe you did this. You're from such a modest family." Members of Rumisa's extended family told her parents that they shouldn't let her go on any more marches. Despite this pressure, Rumisa's parents supported their daughter's decision to protest. Another placard at the march said "my body, my choice". According to the Samaa TV channel, this led to one cleric in Karachi ridiculing the slogan in a sermon that was posted online. "My body my choice… your body your choice… Then men's body men's choice… They can climb onto anyone they want," Dr Manzoor Ahmad Mengal is reported to have said in a video posted online. He has been accused by critics of inciting rape, and march organiser Moneeza says that rape and death threats have been commonplace since the protest. "There has been a backlash on social media with a lot of organisers getting rape threats," she says. "I think that is part of the wider misogyny amongst men that we are challenging." The Aurat marches also caused divisions within Pakistan's feminist movement. "A lot of feminists participated in the backlash, self-proclaimed feminists. They were like, ' these are not valid issues, this is not the way women should behave'," Rumisa says. "My own friends - who call themselves feminists - felt my poster was unnecessary." One prominent feminist, Kishwar Naheed, said she believed that Rumisa and Rasheeda's placard, and others like it, were disrespectful to traditions and values. She said that those who thought they could secure more rights using such placards were misguided like jihadis who think that by killing innocent people they will go to heaven. However, an article by Sadia Khatri in the Dawn newspaper accused Kishwar of letting feminists down. She called on those seeking change to embrace the "vulgar" nature of some of the posters. "We need to claim these posters and make the connection between them and the 'larger' feminist struggles," she said. "A girl's right to sit with her legs open is about her agency to do what she likes with her body without reprimand or harassment, it is about her right to move freely, it is about victim-blaming and whose fault it is when someone is assaulted — not the girl's, no matter how she was sitting." Despite the controversy Rumisa doesn't regret making the poster. "I'm kind of happy that my poster got a lot of attention," she says. "I'm not ashamed or afraid of that kind of attention, it's one of the reasons we use slogans like that because we wanted attention to be brought to the women's march and to all kinds of issues." Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.

जब रुमिसा लखानी और रशीदा शब्बीर हुसैन ने पाकिस्तान में अंतर्राष्ट्रीय महिला दिवस मार्च के लिए एक तख्ती बनाई, तो उन्हें पता नहीं था कि यह उन्हें एक भयंकर राष्ट्रीय बहस के केंद्र में कितना रख देगा।


Mayflower anniversary: The replica ship that never set sail

Summary: It was a lofty ambition: To build a life-size replica of the 17th Century Mayflower and recreate the Transatlantic crossing that set sail 400 years ago. But despite hundreds of thousands of pounds spent, no ship was ever built. What went wrong?

By Laurence CawleyBBC News In 2009 a meeting took place to consider how the small Essex town of Harwich might commemorate the 400th anniversary of the Mayflower setting sail with a group of Puritan settlers seeking a new life in the New World. The Mayflower set off on 16 September 1620 from Plymouth - but is widely thought to have been built more than two decades earlier in Harwich, the home of the ship's master and joint owner, Captain Christopher Jones. Eventually they landed in what they called New Plymouth, in what is now Massachusetts. Initial suggestions as to how Harwich might celebrate its role in the Mayflower anniversary were fairly low key. Putting up bunting was one suggestion. It was a dentist - Tom Daly - who first had the idea of building a sea-going replica of the original Mayflower in the town. "Harwich sometimes has a small view of the world," he said. "I'd watched over the first 15 years I was in Harwich as the place declined. "I thought, 'look, we need something bigger, that would deliver amazing tourism infrastructure and offer training'." A charitable venture, the Harwich Mayflower Project was set up shortly after with five directors setting itself a multimillion pound fundraising target to get the ship built. The idea was to sail the ship across to the US and then back to Harwich, where it would become a major tourist attraction. The estimated costs rose steadily between 2009 and 2018, from a £2.4m initial estimate, to £4m in 2013, to about £6m in 2016 and then up to £10m, according to a statement from those involved in July 2017. "As well as plans for the ship we were trying to provide employment opportunity for youngsters through training," said Mr Daly. "At the beginning there was a sense of excitement and we were all very enthused by it all." The first task was not building a ship at all, but building a shipyard in which the ship could be built. As well as this, a working project office had to be established, the necessary experts - from ship's architects to ship-building carpenters-cum-tutors - had to be assembled and procedures for taking on apprentices put in place. The keel log was only prepared for cutting towards the end of 2013. The project generated wide-scale interest, including from the likes of explorer Sir Ranulph Fiennes and entrepreneur Sir Richard Branson, as well as US citizens who at one stage were reportedly arriving in Harwich in their thousands to witness the building work first hand. But by the end of 2016, the only parts of the ship that had gone up were the keel, the bow and a pair of side ribs. Officially, serious doubts about the likelihood of a sea-going vessel being built only emerged in 2016, despite a reported claim by the then vice-chairman of the project Lynda Chase-Gardener, who told a meeting of Harwich Town Council: "It's a two-year build and professionally qualified engineers have confirmed it is a two-year build (followed by a period of allowing timbers to expand in water and sea trials) - so we are on track to sail in 2020." Miss Chase-Gardener, who resigned from the board of trustees in March 2017, did not respond to a BBC request for comment about Harwich's Mayflower scheme. But former apprentice Rebecca Hawkins claims some inside the project were voicing doubts as early as 2013. Ms Hawkins joined the project as a Level 3 Business and Administration apprentice in January 2013 aged 18, earning a little over £400 a month. "There were arguments going on back in 2013 with people saying we've got to get started or there won't be a ship in time," she said. "There was a bit of a worry even back then that it was not going to get built. "Others were saying, 'no, no, don't worry, it'll get built'." She told how the Mayflower Project was "a lovely group of people to work with", adding: "I felt quite proud to say that I'd worked there." But she described a number of issues, including apprentices being sent off to other ship yards to work, no tutor being assigned to her own apprenticeship course and difficulties training up enough apprenticeships to meet the requirements of building an ocean-going ship. Ideas for fundraising for the project were various - from sponsored ship bolts (which did happen) to taking deposits for cabins once the ship was ready (which did not). But the 100ft (30.5m) long ship never was ready. "We got the bow up and one rib, I believe. There's no ship there. All that work and hard effort that was put in and there's little to show for it," said Ms Hawkins. "It is a shame that nothing has happened. "It went from it was going to be a sea-faring vessel to a display vessel. Perhaps they should have just built a miniature." Rumours swirl around Harwich about where all the money for the project went, either the private donations or official grants. And the whereabouts of the multiple lorry loads of oak sent to Harwich from Truro in Cornwall. And the many expensive power tools gifted to the project. Ms Hawkins for one said she had heard the conspiracy theory about the "missing" oak. The truth of the matter seems a little more mundane. "People gave money and that was used for business essentials such as electricity and materials," said Mr Daly, who was chairman of the project until 2016. As for the oak, which was paid for by Mr Daly out of his own pocket, "it is still there", he said. The exact location, because of the value of the timber, was not disclosed - though a number of people told the BBC it had been recently sighted in an area of private land in the town. "The other items of materiel are in storage," he said. "Nothing was taken out of the project that wasn't earned. "It was a business like anything else - lighting, insurance, rent to British Rail and so on. And in terms of donations, every pound of that was put back into the project." In fact, if anybody has lost out on the project it is Mr Daly himself. Although he is reluctant to give an exact figure, it is understood he invested more than £250,000 of his own money into the Mayflower dream. "I had to stop because my wife would have killed me," he said. So what went wrong? "We did get quite a lot of small donations," said Mr Daly. "But we were cost heavy. We had to pay teachers, ship-wrights, lighting, electricity - everything that a business has to pay. We needed substantial funding. "Early on, we had a ship's architect to design a ship that would comply with Maritime and Coastguard Agency regulations and from that we were able to work out how much it would cost. "That [the £4m cost] would have been achievable. Yes, the cost did go up - but if that money had come in, the ship would been built." According to the charity's statement of accounts, the effort did not come to close to achieving even the lowest and earliest estimate. Between 2009 and 2018 (the last year for which accounts are available), the charity had £1.73m in income and in four of those years spent more than it received. "We applied for government funding and [submitted] three applications for National Lottery funding," Mr Daily said. "It was very time consuming. Applications take up hundreds of hours and then you're told 'no'." The exact reasons the project failed to get large-scale funding awards remain unclear. Mr Daly said the project was repeatedly pipped to the post by other charities. Mr Daly feared the worst in 2016-17. "At that stage, if it was going to be ocean going we needed it being well under way in 2017-2018 and ready for sea testing," he said. "The funding wasn't forthcoming." He believes the project would have "changed the whole tourism outlook for Harwich" adding: "We tried hard on this and we had an awful lot of good people who put massive amounts of time and energy into this because they could see what it could achieve. "We didn't achieve an ocean-going ship, but there were many other positive things that came out of it." In 2016, the training centre closed due to a lack of funding. In all, about 600 apprentices had passed through its doors during over the six-year running period. The project's buildings - which were based within a former railway station - were instead given a new lease of life as a heritage museum. By July 2017, according to the annual trustees' report, the idea of building a sea-going vessel had been formally shelved and a rail and shipping centre idea brought centre stage. And instead of a sea-faring vessel, a land-based replica was now the aim. For rail expert Bob Clow, the chance to restore the railway station to its 1920s heyday was too good to pass up. "I had looked at Harwich station 20 years ago with the objective of doing exactly what we're doing now," he said. "When we started, I knew there was a lot of problems with the Mayflower Project," he said. But because he was only involved in the heritage centre side of it, Mr Clow pressed ahead and has seen his designs for the recreated 1924 station come to fruition. The Harwich Railway and Shipping Museum has since become a separate entity with its own board of trustees and financial independence. "It is the light at the end of a very long tunnel." The Harwich Mayflower Project changed its name to Harwich Mayflower Heritage Projects Ltd in May 2018 and then to Harwich Cultural and Community Projects in March 2020. The BBC contacted the successor organisation for comment about the Mayflower story but did not receive a response. The project still has use of a three-acre site where the ship was meant to be built (it was offered for temporary lease by Network Rail). Tony Francis, who said "it would have been nice to have a British-owned replica of the Mayflower", has for months been trying to generate interest and support to put that land to community use. "This community fundamentally needs that land for community use and to become something very special," he said. "I'd like to see a heritage village down there with pre-fab homes because decent housing is the number one need." As for the Mayflower ship, not only did the sea-going replica never materialise - the planned life-sized shore based replica didn't either. But there is a sculpture. On a roundabout. And Ms Hawkins suggests that if the town pulls together it should perhaps give the idea of building a sea-going replica another chance - for the 500th anniversary. Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email eastofenglandnews@bbc.co.uk Photography by Laurence Cawley unless otherwise stated.

यह एक उच्च महत्वाकांक्षा थीः 17वीं शताब्दी के मेफ्लावर की आदमकद प्रतिकृति का निर्माण करना और 400 साल पहले रवाना हुए ट्रान्साटलांटिक क्रॉसिंग को फिर से बनाना। लेकिन लाखों पाउंड खर्च करने के बावजूद, कभी कोई जहाज नहीं बनाया गया। क्या गलत हुआ?


Family trees: Tracing the world's ancestor

Summary: A question one Radio 4 listener asked about the bloodline between Jesus and King David raised a wider genealogical issue. How many generations does it take before someone alive today is a descendant of everyone on the planet?

By Dr Yan WongEvolutionary biologist Listeners to the More or Less programme on Radio 4 have been challenging me to answer any fiendish question they can throw at me. A question about Jesus's genealogy was rather interesting and the answer has astounding ramifications. The Bible says Jesus was a descendant of King David. But with 1,000 years between them, and since King David's son Solomon was said to have had about 1,000 wives and mistresses, couldn't many of Jesus's peers in Holy Land have claimed the same royal ancestor? Theory tells us that not only would all of Jesus's contemporaries be descended from King David, but that this would probably be the case even if Solomon had been into monogamy. We can make this sort of prediction because over the past 15 years or so, these ideas have been studied as part of the research into understanding patterns in our own genome. The most successful approach has been to go backwards in time, taking a sample of people and imagining the patterns of inheritance in their ancestral family tree. When applied to the question of who is descended from whom, the results can surprise even the professionals. That's because geneticists normally study biological information - DNA - that people inherit from just one of their parents. Just like a surname, or the male lines of descent quoted in the Bible, these generate lineages that shrink or expand rather slowly. That's why we expect the proportion of Smiths in the phone-book to fluctuate only a little from decade to decade. The surprise comes if we look at inheritance from both parents. Here, the numbers change drastically as the generations go by. For instance, we have two parents, four grandparents, eight great-grandparents, and so on. Each generation back, we multiply the number by two. This leads to what is called an exponential increase: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024 and so on. It's not long before we hit huge numbers. Take the specific case of Jesus and King David. The number of generations between them is at least 35. Luke lists 42 generations down the male line, and Matthew gives an incomplete list of 27. These numbers agree reasonably well with an average time between generations of 25 or 30 years - an estimate taken from documented historical records from Iceland and Canada. So back in the time of David, Jesus would have had at least 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (35 times); in other words 2^35 - or more than 34 billion potential ancestors. That's far more than the total population of the world, of course. This is a good illustration of what's been called the "genealogical paradox". In short, we seem to have too many ancestors. The solution is that we have to take inbreeding into account. Many of these ancestors are duplicates; the same person can found through multiple routes in the family tree. You are unlikely to be the product of inbreeding between recent ancestors. So initially, your increase in ancestors will indeed be almost exponential. But as your family tree increases to thousands upon thousands, you will inevitably find many obscure branches that have interbred. That's when the numbers start tailing off. Even so, by that time, you will have collected a large number of people in your ancestry. So it's not surprising that any two people in any one country probably won't need to go back many generations before finding a common ancestor. More specifically, imagine the simplest case of a population of a constant size - say a million (the approximate size of the Holy Land at the time of Jesus). If people in this population meet and breed at random, it turns out that you only need to go back an average of 20 generations before you find an individual who is a common ancestor of everyone in the population. If you go back on average 1.77 times further again (35 generations) everyone in the population will have exactly the same set of common ancestors (although they will be related, of course, through different routes in all the different family trees). In fact about 80% of the people at that time in the past will be the ancestors of everyone in the present. The remaining 20% are those who have had no children, or whose children have had no children, and so on - in other words, people who were genetic dead-ends. Apply that to the case of King David. According to this model, he would be a common ancestor of the whole population of the Holy Land somewhere between 20 and 35 generations after his life. That's even without Solomon sowing his seed so widely. That's why everyone alive in the Holy Land at the time of Jesus would have been able to claim David for an ancestor. Reductions in population caused by events such as the Assyrian invasions will have produced more inbred family trees, and shortened the number of generations needed to reach a common ancestry. What about the wider ramifications? A single immigrant who breeds into a population has roughly 80% chance of becoming a common ancestor. A single interbreeding event in the distant past will probably, therefore, graft the immigrant's family tree onto that of the native population. That makes it very likely that King David is the direct ancestor of the populations of many other countries too. How far do we have to go back to find the most recent common ancestor of all humans alive today? Again, estimates are remarkably short. Even taking account of distant isolation and local inbreeding, the quoted figures are 100 or so generations in the past: a mere 3,000 years ago. And one can, of course, project this model into the future, too. The maths tells us that in 3,000 years someone alive today will be the common ancestor of all humanity. A few thousand years after that, 80% of us (those who leave children who in turn leave children, and so on) will be ancestors of all humanity. What an inheritance!

रेडियो 4 के एक श्रोता ने यीशु और राजा दाऊद के बीच की रक्तरेखा के बारे में पूछे गए एक सवाल ने एक व्यापक वंशावली का मुद्दा उठाया। आज जीवित किसी व्यक्ति को इस ग्रह पर हर किसी के वंशज होने में कितनी पीढ़ियाँ लगती हैं?


Does by-election pain await Labour in its heartlands?

Summary: Two parliamentary by-elections, two weeks away.

John PienaarDeputy political editor@JPonpoliticson Twitter Is Labour a sitting duck in its own heartland territory? A quick road-trip to the West Midlands and the Lake District was enough to conclude that Labour can look forward to a sweaty, and quite possibly a painful night on 23 February. Both seats would normally be considered "safe" for Labour. But "normal" now seems a long time ago. Stoke voted 70% to 30% to leave the EU. In Copeland the margin was 60% to 40%. That would be enough to give Remain-supporting Labour sleepless nights. Copeland by-election candidates Stoke-on-Trent Central by-election candidates But add to that the fact that, in 2015, UKIP came second in Stoke - 5,000 odd votes behind Labour. Throw in Labour's long term deficit in the polls, which suggests former Labour voters have turned away from Jeremy Corbyn. Then, chat to people in Hanley town centre - in the Stoke-on-Trent Central constituency - before travelling north and doing the same in Whitehaven, the large coastal town in the sprawling, and beautiful, Copeland constituency in the Lake District. If you don't hear enough cause for Labour to fear losing one or both of these seats, you're not listening. Dismal rating In Copeland, the biggest employer by far is the Sellafield nuclear power plant. In Whitehaven, where Sellafield has a large office block, Jeremy Corbyn's past opposition to nuclear power - which has since softened - comes up in almost every conversation. The local grocer - whose family have run Kinsella's since the turn of the last century - told me customer after customer was switching allegiance away from Labour for that reason. That, and the doubts about Mr Corbyn's fitness to lead which have handed him a quite dismal personal rating of minus 40. That's 46 points behind Theresa May who was the only national leader with a positive rating in the survey conducted by Yougov last week. Strong identity In Stoke, the UK Independence Party's new leader, Paul Nuttall, is standing as a candidate. UKIP has a great deal invested in this fight. It's not clear whether the perception of an outsider parachuting into the seat - a charismatic Scouser seizing his chance in an area with a strong identity of its own - will count against Mr Nuttall and his party. If UKIP fails it will hurt, and suggests the party lost its way when it lost Nigel Farage as leader. So Labour will throw everything into both campaigns. Jeremy Corbyn's visited both, and will visit again. Victory in both seats will buy time and space to try to regain ground, to try to recover from the visible splits which opened up so glaringly during debate and voting on the bill to begin Brexit. But if Labour loses in either or both seats - each of which has been held by the party since 1935 - it means talk of existential crisis for the party.

दो संसदीय उपचुनाव, दो सप्ताह दूर हैं।


The trouble with our trains

Summary: As Southern railway passengers brace for a very unhappy Christmas, and a lousy New Year from strikes targeted at the festive season, what, you may wonder is life like on the rest of the rail network?

By John WareReporter, BBC Panorama Something of a triumph, according to the rail industry. "The railways are actually incredibly successful," says Paul Plummer, chief executive of the Rail Delivery Group, which represents the industry. Certainly the headline statistics look good: But drill into the performance statistics, and a different picture emerges. Punctuality Take those posters the train operating companies like to pin up on stations about punctuality. While they often convey an upbeat picture, blow away the smoke and remove the mirrors and you find that overall punctuality is now worse than at privatisation. And that can't just be blamed on strike-hit Southern railway. Punctuality has been declining for four years. Ironically, the number of incidents causing delays has also declined. The headline official punctuality statistics also mask big drops in punctuality during peak hours. On some commuter lines out of Manchester, more than six out of every 10 trains are late each day. On one commuter line into Birmingham, four out of every 10 trains have been late. Overcrowding Then there are the official overcrowding statistics. Until 2013, the rail industry liked to boast that trains were no more overcrowded than at privatisation - even though passenger numbers more than doubled between 1994 and 2014. It sounds like a conjuring trick - until you decode something called "PiXC". That's Passengers in Excess of Capacity, the official definition of overcrowding. This measures the difference between the number of seats of each train journey into and out of London during the peak hours against the actual number of passengers (excluding First Class) sitting and standing at its most crowded point on the journey. Here's the catch: before kicking in, PiXC makes a big allowance for the numbers standing. So, like a tank filling up with water, until 2013, carriages could continue to fill up with standing "customers" but because they hadn't hit the critical "overflow" mark, they didn't score on the official PiXC statistics - even though their "customer experience" was becoming more and more unpleasant. Since 2014, more and more services have just been spilling over past the overflow point so that in just the last two years, there's been a 50% rise in the number of officially overcrowded trains. Today, some 160,000 commuters coming into London can't get a seat. Six of the 10 most crowded services are in the home counties. All 10 are between 61% and 129% past the overflow point. We don't have a clear picture about overcrowding on long-distance and cross-country lines because PiXC doesn't usually measure them. However, we do know that, by 2005, some cross-country routes were already officially overcrowded - and since then annual passenger journeys have gone up by 600 million. Fares When it comes to fares, train companies are forever reminding us that they offer many off-peak bargains. Yet Virgin's morning and afternoon peaks from Euston now total nearly seven hours (06.16 to 09.26am and 3.01pm and 6.44pm). This means that people wanting to get home to the Midlands or the North are limited in their choice and may arrive at their destination late. Then there's the Friday night stampede for the first off-peak train with travellers often having to squat on the floor for hours even though they've had to stump up a lot of money for the privilege - £87.70 from London to Preston, for example. Happy travellers? With overcrowding, cancellations and fares all going up, and punctuality going down, you might expect a rise in official complaints. In fact, they've more than halved - down from a million soon after privatisation to under half a million today. You might think that's because of the train companies' commitment to customer service. All nine parent companies covering 20 passenger franchises in Britain insist they're "passionate" about this. Well, here's the passion killer. In 2014-15, an organisation called Commute London counted 1.1 million overtly negative tweets about commuters' "customer experience". Commute London provides live social media feedback on train services in and out of London. And very lively it is too. Formal complaints seem to have been replaced by a huge rise in informal complaints. Commute London say the sheer scale of negative tweets shows that the complainants can't simply be dismissed as coming from the ranting brigade. They include the normally polite and curious too. This rise in social media venting against the train companies is consistent with falling satisfaction ratings. Once again, the headline figures mask a much less rosy reality. While the National Rail Passenger Survey shows a gentle decline in overall journey satisfaction - albeit one that, at 80% , is still high - only 73% of passengers are satisfied with punctuality/reliability, 65% satisfied with sufficient room to sit or stand, 45% satisfied with value for money for the price of their ticket and on some routes that's down to just 28%. Who pays? What ministers say about how much "investment" is going into the railways shouldn't always be taken at face value either. They claim "we" are delivering "record" investment to modernise the railway. Sounds like the government is paying in record government grant, doesn't it? It isn't. "We" is the royal "we": government and fare payers. Seventy per cent of that "record" investment now comes from fares, thanks to all those above-inflation fare rises since privatisation, while the share of government grant to the railways has been shrinking. Here's the titanic challenge the railways pose for any government. Network Rail has forecast yet a further doubling of passenger journeys over the next 25 years, to an eye-watering 3.4bn. To keep Britain moving, a continuous series of mega projects sustained over a generation will be required. Although Crossrail 1 will provide 10% more capacity for London's squashed commuters, when it opens in 2018 that capacity will soon be gobbled up by the capital's rapidly growing population as it heads towards 10 million by 2030. There will need to be Crossrail 2 and quite possibly 3; not just High Speed 2, but also an HS-3; further electrification of the network, digital signalling to release more capacity on the track, relief of a multitude of pinch points, vastly more rolling stock… the list goes on. It's easy to get up to an investment figure well north of £150bn, never mind the cost of operating and maintaining an expanding railway. This year's capping of regulated fares in line with inflation is a tacit acceptance by ministers that government has reached the limit of the fare-paying public's patience. Which means higher taxes. That's if we don't want to go on getting ever more squashed until we really do end up travelling like sardines in a steel box as opposed to a tin can. John Ware presents Panorama: The Trouble with our Trains on BBC One at 19:30 GMT on Monday 7 November and available on the iPlayer in the UK afterwards.

जब दक्षिणी रेलवे के यात्री एक बहुत ही दुखी क्रिसमस और त्योहारों के मौसम में लक्षित हड़तालों से एक घटिया नए साल के लिए तैयार हैं, तो आप सोच सकते हैं कि बाकी रेल नेटवर्क पर जीवन कैसा है?


Helvellyn weather sensors aid ice climbers

Summary: Sensors have been buried high up on a Lake District crag to let people know when the weather is suitable for ice climbing.

The monitors have been fitted on Helvellyn by the British Mountaineering Council. They show if it has been cold enough for the turf to freeze, allowing the use of ice axes and crampons. If not, there is a risk they could damage some of the rare plants growing in the deep cracks. These include the Alpine saxifrage which grows in only two locations in England. The high and north-facing Helvellyn massif often gets hit with winter conditions before other parts of the Lake District, making it a popular choice right after a cold snap or snowfall. Related Internet Links British Mountaineering Council

बर्फ पर चढ़ाई के लिए मौसम कब उपयुक्त है, यह लोगों को बताने के लिए झील जिले की चट्टान पर सेंसरों को ऊपर दफनाया गया है।


Bednests and safety: What you need to know

Summary: As an inquest of a baby girl opens, BBC News looks at some questions about the bed blamed for her death. Seven-week-old Grace Roseman died from asphyxia at her home, after being put to sleep in the Bednest crib.

In response to what happened to Grace, in April 2015 coroner Penelope Schofield issued a Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths, and the National Childbirth Trust (NCT) has issued guidance. Such reports are issued if it appears there is a risk of other deaths occurring in similar circumstances, but do not necessarily arise from an inquest. What is a Bednest? It's a bedside crib with an adjustable height so parents can make it the same level as their bed. The side flaps down to open on to the main bed's mattress so that there is no gap between the baby's sleeping area and the main bed. This means the baby cannot slip between the crib and the bed. Why are they used? Many people believe co-sleeping can be dangerous, and parents may be anxious about accidentally rolling on to their baby in their sleep. The Bednest means the baby can sleep close to the parents without actually being in the bed, and the parent can see and reach the baby without the side of a cot in the way. What happened to Grace Roseman? The side of the Bednest had three positions - fully up, fully down and halfway up. Grace was put to bed with the side in the halfway position and with the head end tilted up higher than the feet - which some parents find helps relieve reflux. The tilt should be no more than 5cm, but Grace was tilted 8cm. When her mother checked on her, Grace had managed to move her head over the side of the crib. The weight of her head meant she could not roll free, and she became unable to breathe and died. What has Bednest said? The company said the crib should only be used with the side fully up or fully down. The current version of the cot has been modified so the side cannot be left in the halfway position. Bednest has also issued a free kit for people who own a pre-modification crib, which can be fitted to make sure the sides are either fully up or down. Advice on its website says the Bednest should never be used with the folding panel in the half-raised position. The company told the BBC: "We continue our programme to reach all owners of pre-November 2015 Bednests and we are monitoring online second hand sales of cribs closely, contacting anyone who appears not to have the modification fitted. Any purchaser of a replacement mattress is notified to check that they have a modified Bednest. "We send our heartfelt condolences to the Roseman family for the tragic death of baby Grace and we continue to work to do everything we can to ensure the safety of all children using our equipment. This is at the heart of our company's ethos." What has the NCT said? Following Grace's death, the NCT carried out an investigation which identified a "small but plausible" safety risk when using the Bednest crib in the halfway folded-down position. It also stated that using the crib with the folding side fully up (or fully down if bedside-sleeping) eliminates the risk that a baby could move on to or over the side of the crib. What did the coroner's report say? Coroner Penelope Schofield said in 2015 she had "a number of concerns". These included: Are Bednests still on sale? Yes, but only the modified version. If used correctly, the NCT says the Bednest is completely safe. Customers are urged to keep the paper instructions and pass them on to the new owners should they sell their Bednest second-hand. The manufacturer provides the latest user guides and instructions on its website. The NCT, which formerly sold the Bednest via its website, no longer has an online shopping division. The charity said this was a "commercial decision". The European Child Safety Alliance also produces a safety guide for child-related products.

जैसे ही एक बच्ची की पूछताछ शुरू होती है, बीबीसी न्यूज़ उसकी मौत के लिए जिम्मेदार बिस्तर के बारे में कुछ सवालों को देखता है। सात सप्ताह की ग्रेस रोज़मैन की मृत्यु बेडनेस्ट पालना में सोने के बाद, उसके घर पर दम घुटने से हुई।