Breast cancer: What is the risk?

Summary: Angelina Jolie underwent a preventive double mastectomy after doctors estimated she had an 87% chance of developing breast cancer. How was that figure calculated and how does it differ from other women's risk of getting the disease?

By Ben CarterBBC News Jolie's chances of developing breast cancer were so high because she inherited a mutated BRCA 1 gene from her mother, Marcheline Bertrand, who died of ovarian cancer at the age of 56. The BRCA1 is present in everyone but only mutates in one in 1,000 people. Anyone with the mutation has a 50-80% chance of developing breast cancer. But Jolie's risk figure was calculated to be even higher because of other factors, including family history. "There are various computer programmes where you can input genetic information, family history and other things and it will calculate a figure, which is why she's got this very precise sounding number," says Dr Kat Arney, a senior science manager at Cancer Research UK. But what are the chances of getting breast cancer if you don't have a mutated gene? It is already "the top cancer in women both in the developed and the developing world", according to the World Health Organization - and in many countries, it's becoming more common. Incidence increased in the UK by 90% between 1971 and 2010. It is also on the rise in the developing world. This is partly explained by the fact that people are living longer and cancer is generally a disease that affects people in later life. In the UK, the chance of developing breast cancer before the age of 30 is roughly 0.05% (one in 2,000). It goes up to 2% (one in 50) before the age of 50 and 7.7% (one in 13) before the age of 70. However, it is after the age of 70 that the risk is highest. A third of all incidences of breast cancer occur in women aged over 70. Overall, a woman living in the UK has a 12% chance of getting breast cancer during her lifetime. It's the same in the US. But increasing longevity isn't the only reason for the high incidence of breast cancer. "There is an increase in rates in younger women and it's for a number of reasons. We know that women's lifestyles are changing and being overweight and drinking a lot of alcohol is linked to breast cancer risk," says Arney. Changes in reproductive habits are also a factor. According to Cancer Research UK, the relative risk of developing breast cancer is estimated to increase by 3% for each year an adult woman delays becoming a mother. Women who breastfeed also reduce their risk. The longer a woman breastfeeds, the greater the protection. It's estimated that risk is reduced by 4% for every 12 months of breastfeeding. This may explain why women in richer countries have a higher risk of breast cancer. African women are four times less likely to get the disease because they have children at a younger age, have more of them and breastfeed them for longer. On the other hand, recovery rates are higher in developed countries. "Breast cancer survival rates [range] from 80% or over in North America, Sweden and Japan to around 60% in middle-income countries and below 40% in low-income countries," according the WHO. But with the number of cases of breast cancer rising in the UK, and in many other countries, how many women are taking the dramatic decision that Angelina Jolie was faced with - to have a mastectomy? The latest figures show that 18,000 operations were carried out in England in 2010/11. There are no official figures on how many of those were preventive but the figure is estimated to be between 5-10%. You can follow the Magazine on Twitter and on Facebook

डॉक्टरों के अनुमान के बाद कि एंजेलिना जोली को स्तन कैंसर होने की संभावना 87 प्रतिशत थी, एंजेलिना जोली की निवारक दोहरी स्तनछेदन सर्जरी कराई गई। उस आंकड़े की गणना कैसे की गई और यह अन्य महिलाओं के रोग होने के जोखिम से कैसे अलग है?


Florida shooting: Gun control debated under #WhatIf hashtag

Summary: "What if all students spoke up about gun reform?"

By Tom GerkenBBC UGC & Social News This is the type of question being posed on social media by survivors of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas school shooting in Parkland, Florida that left 17 people dead. A video posted by student Jaclyn Corin has been viewed over a million times as she asks politicians to "value children's lives, not dollars", and encourages others to pose "what if" questions of their own. This follows the #NeverAgain movement, which made international headlines when Parkland student Emma Gonzalez gave an impassioned speech arguing for tougher gun controls. You may also like: Fellow survivors of the school shooting have also uploaded videos on social media using the hashtag #WhatIf. "What if politicians actually listened to the concerns of my generation?" asks Madie Leall in her video, adding: "What if civilians could not access assault weapons?" Dylan Kraemer asks: "What if politicians stopped taking money from the NRA (National Rifle Association)?" Other students across the United States have joined the debate by posting similar #WhatIf questions of their own. In Rob Anderson's tweet, he asks state legislators to "tax the heck out of gun manufacturers and gun sales". Another user on Twitter asked for politicians to put children first: But this has proved to be a point of contention, with pro-gun advocates posting #WhatIf questions of their own in response. One person used the hashtag to defend the NRA. A second Twitter user agreed, asking: "What if you mess with our rights to the point we have NO rights?" One user countered the NRA argument by asking: "What if you clowns started using your brains and directing your grievance in the right place! The NRA has no authority in our government". But other users were quick to argue that the NRA "has power because they have money". The online debate led actor Mark Ruffalo to give his thoughts on #WhatIf.

"अगर सभी छात्र बंदूक सुधार के बारे में बोलते हैं तो क्या होगा?"


Beauty professionals hope for prettier picture in 2021

Summary: Beauty salons have been greatly affected by this year's pandemic. With the first Covid-19 vaccines now being administered, we speak to six industry professionals about how they have coped with 2020, and their hopes for the future.

By Sarah FinleyBusiness reporter Elizabeth Chandler says that after a tough year "the vaccine could be great for the industry". She is the owner of London-based eyelash extension business - Elizabeth Chandler Lashes - whose clients include model Cara Delevingne, singer Nicole Scherzinger, fashion designers, and dancers on the TV show Strictly Come Dancing. Like all UK beauty treatment businesses, she had to shut up shop in March, given the close face-to-face nature of much of her work. "My income went to zero for six months," says Ms Chandler. "I built my business for 13 years, and I was unable to work for half a year. [Previously] I have never been out of work in my life." In a bid to retain her clients Ms Chandler held weekly free Zoom tutorials, before finally reopening in August - only to have to shut again during England's second lockdown in November. "Any mass vaccination programme will take a long time to roll out," she says. "But the tier system as it stands means we [in London, currently tier two] can all open and continue to work, which is wonderful." In Wales, Poppy Johnson, a make-up artist in Bangor, Gwynedd, took her business Faces By Poppy online this year. She expects to continue with internet classes even after the pandemic has finally ended. "As soon as the lockdown was announced I made the decision to pivot my business instead of pausing it," she says. "I needed to carry on working not only for my mental health, but to maintain the creativity and passion for what I do." So she began offering weekly tutorials on Zoom to those who wanted to learn new make-up techniques. "I wanted to take the experience I would normally offer in the salon, online," says Ms Johnson. As the lessons became popular she created an online subscription portal. For a one-off fee it gives customers access to make-up tutorials and product recommendations. She says she now has more than 250 people signed up. Emma Appleby, who runs London-based skin clinic L'Atelier Aesthetics, has also embraced the commercial opportunities of online video conferencing. Since the first lockdown she has used Zoom for consultations with her clients - giving them advice on their skin needs, then a personal prescription of products. "The pandemic has meant we've had to pivot and engage our clients online," says Ms Appleby. "In these times you really do need think outside of the box." Skincare specialist Katie White, owner of another London salon Re:lax, also went online during the first lockdown, but says customers took a while to get used to it. "We went all in with our online offering, hosting paid and free facial massage, gua sha, rosacea, and [general] skincare workshops, online consultations and seminars," she says. "Initially customers weren't keen as they thought we be open again soon. Once they realised this wasn't the case they were more receptive to our online presence." Leslie Blair, chair of the British Association of Beauty Therapy & Cosmetology, says that 2020 has been "catastrophic" for the sector, but that vaccines will improve things. New Economy is a new series exploring how businesses, trade, economies and working life are changing fast. "Most industries stand to benefit from the vaccines, but naturally even more so those considered to be close contact businesses, such as hair and beauty," she says. "There will be dual benefit in terms of the impact it will have on the way in which their salons need to function, and in the confidence and peace of mind it will provide to the clients they serve. "The vaccine will prove pivotal to a positive outlook for our industry for a variety of reasons - as mentioned already it will boost customer confidence - naturally resulting in increased bookings." She adds: "It will also mean that a number of restrictions currently in place will ultimately be able to be eased - many of which have had a detrimental impact on the profitability of our businesses. These include staggered appointments, limitation on staff numbers, cost of PPE equipment, restrictions on treatments and who could be treated." Susan Vaughan, boss of beauty salon SV Aesthetics, agrees vaccines offer "a little glimmer of hope that things are moving in the right direction". "In the beauty industry we are face-to-face with our clients all day, every day, so if the vaccine ensures people feel safe and well protected, then I can see things slowly but surely going back to how things were prior to March. "We will continue to wear our PPE and face masks, and sanitise the clinic after every client, to keep any risk as low as we can. But with the added protection of the vaccine I have high hopes for a thriving business year in 2021," adds Susan.

ब्यूटी सैलून इस साल की महामारी से बहुत प्रभावित हुए हैं। अब पहले कोविड-19 टीके लगाए जाने के साथ, हम उद्योग के छह पेशेवरों से बात करते हैं कि उन्होंने 2020 का सामना कैसे किया है, और भविष्य के लिए उनकी उम्मीदें।


Portugal's African community hit hard by austerity

Summary: Economic migrants from Africa have been coming to Portugal for more than 50 years but they have rarely encountered such challenging times. Two years into a programme of cuts and tax rises there are now fewer opportunities for both established residents and new arrivals.

By Ian BrimacombeBBC World Service, Lisbon Joao Dos Santos Neto has a family to support - and he is looking for work. The 44-year-old from the small African country of Sao Tome and Principe has plenty of experience - 19 years in construction. He has his papers in order too. But right now he seems a broken man. He has been looking for months. He has two sons and a wife to feed - and he says he is beginning to lose hope. "Before it was easier to get a job," he says, "but with the crisis it is very difficult. And even when we find a job we have a very low salary." "I really don't think things are getting better. Probably they're getting worse." Mr Neto lives in Cova da Moura - a vibrant but poor neighbourhood perched high on a hill in the outskirts, north-west of Lisbon. It was built illegally in the late 1970s by African migrants. Today, more than 6,000 people from Portugal's former African colonies - three-quarters of them from Cape Verde - live here in cramped concrete breeze-block homes covered in graffiti. The roads are wrecked and nests of wires hang from roof tops. This place might have more in common with areas of Nairobi or Rio than the grand squares and avenues of central Lisbon. Times here have never been easy - but these days they are particularly bad. Portugal is in its third year of recession - it is the worst economic crisis since the 1970s. Two years ago the country took a 78bn-euro (£65bn) bailout from international lenders. As part of the deal, it has to make 4bn euros of savings by the end of 2015. To meet tough lending criteria, the government has raised taxes, slashed spending and cut pay. That has resulted in record high unemployment, now at nearly 18%. Piles of paperwork It is difficult to know how many Afro-Portuguese live in Portugal. The Portuguese census does not ask people about their ethnicity. Some are here illegally, and many of those who arrived decades ago have since been nationalised and now have Portuguese families. Most people come from Cape Verde and Angola. The official statistics from the Portuguese Border Agency say some 44,000 people from Cape Verde and some 21,000 from Angola live here. But the real figure is believed to be much higher. "The problem for Portugal's African residents is that many of them work in two of the hardest hit industries - construction and domestic services," says Lieve Meersschaert, a board member of Moinho Da Juventude, an non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Cova da Moura. "Men cannot find work right now, and the women have work, but they are not getting the same money," she says. "They used to work seven hours and now they have to work 10 hours for the same wage. "Many of them have four or five children and they're not returning home until two in the morning. So it's very hard." Compounding that is the fact many Afro-Portuguese lack the education and contacts to allow them to compete with others looking for jobs. And there is an additional problem. Many Africans here do not have the right documentation. Some are long-standing residents who have never entered the system. Many have come to Portugal on a tourist visa and have overstayed. It is Jokilson Pereiro's job to help these people here navigate the channels to get papers and find jobs legally. Piles of paperwork sit on his desk in his tiny office in Cova da Moura. Music from Guinea-Bissau wafts through the air. "The problem is the system and the people who work in the system - bureaucracy is the problem," he says. But 29-year-old Clemildo Barros Abreu says money is the real problem. He came here recently from Sao Tome and Principe. His landlord has agreed to waive his rent until he finds work, but his tiny apartment has no hot water. His work papers will cost him 475 euros. But he says he needs work before he can afford to buy them. "There are two possibilities," he says. "I can get a good job with a contract and then it's easier to get the documents. Or, I'm going to try to do some illegal jobs to get the money and then pay for the documents." 'Feeling the brunt' It is the illegal work that poses the biggest problem for the government, and makes it difficult for them to get a handle on the number of people out of work and needing help. Susana Branco, Lisbon director at the Ministry of Solidarity and Social Security, says she has moved office workers back to front-line field work. In fact, she says because of established networks and NGOs on the ground, there is still more help for African-Portuguese than many in the middle classes who have suddenly found themselves out of work. Everyone is affected - "everyone, with no exception," she says. "In the field I never saw people together working in the problematic neighbourhoods like I do now. I don't believe the most vulnerable are the most affected by the crisis." But not everyone agrees. "The situation for African Portuguese is worse than it is for the rest of the population," says Antonio Santos, an Angolan journalist with RTP Africa. "There is no money at the moment, no investment. The minorities are the first to feel the brunt of this crisis. The situation is tragic for everybody but especially for minorities." The people of Cova da Moura are used to hardship. Thirty years ago, hundreds of residents were without running water, electricity, and sewers. It used to be that the struggle was part of the journey to a better life. These days, though, the narrative has turned on its head. Booming African economies appear to be where the future is. Numbers are hard to come by, but there is anecdotal evidence that some recent migrants are leaving Portugal. Antonio Santos says he is hearing Angolans are returning home to seek opportunities in the country's booming oil economy. Others say migrants are moving on to try their luck in the UK, where unemployment is lower. Clemildo Barros Abreu has no such intentions. He plans to stay in Portugal as long as it takes to find work. "I'll stick it out," he says. But for increasing numbers of Afro-Portuguese, this country is no longer the land of opportunity. Ian Brimacombe's special report can be heard on the BBC World Service.

अफ्रीका से आर्थिक प्रवासी 50 से अधिक वर्षों से पुर्तगाल आ रहे हैं, लेकिन उन्हें शायद ही कभी इस तरह के चुनौतीपूर्ण समय का सामना करना पड़ा है। कटौती और कर वृद्धि के कार्यक्रम में दो साल बाद अब स्थापित निवासियों और नए आगमन दोनों के लिए कम अवसर हैं।


Suzanne Pilley murder accused's car journey retraced

Summary: The Suzanne Pilley murder trial in Edinburgh has been hearing how police retraced a car journey to Argyll made by the accused.

Her colleague and former lover David Gilroy drove his silver Vauxhall Vectra from the capital to Lochgilphead the day after she disappeared in May 2010. He denies murdering Ms Pilley, 38, in Thistle Street or at another location. After analysing CCTV evidence, police recreated the journey there and back three times. They discovered Mr Gilroy had taken two hours longer than their average time each way. And a comparison of fuel consumption suggested there were 124 miles unaccounted for. The trial continues.

एडिनबर्ग में सुज़ैन पिली की हत्या के मुकदमे में सुनवाई हो रही है कि कैसे पुलिस ने आरोपी द्वारा आर्गिल तक की गई कार यात्रा का पता लगाया।


Black Friday on Amazon: How to spot fake reviews online

Summary: Let's be honest, those crowds we used to see on Black Friday, with people cramming into shops at opening time and fighting over the latest bargain - they're not the most Covid-secure event, are they.

By Rick KelseyNewsbeat reporter Although the signs suggest Brits got over the Black Friday hype a few years ago. Many shops are still expected to offer deals online for the pre-Christmas sales event today. It's been a difficult year for lots of retailers, who will be hoping Black Friday - and its bigger cousin Cyber Monday - gives them a much-needed boost. But this all comes with a health warning if you're buying online. Amazon is struggling to prevent fake reviews which can mislead shoppers this Black Friday, according to Which?. The consumer group looked at some of the most popular purchases, including tablets and phones, and found some review ratings were being manipulated. Amazon responded to the claims saying it has clear policies that reviewers and sellers must stick to. It says it will suspend, ban, and take legal action against those who break the rules. One pair of headphones had 1,006 ratings and 4.8 stars despite only being on sale for six months - well above the average for an unknown brand. As well as false comments, some sellers have also manipulated the star-rating system to persuade people into a purchase. In the UK, Amazon is the dominant force with Black Friday shoppers. Which? research found 34% of consumers planned to buy something there this Black Friday, compared to 16% at John Lewis and 7% at Currys PC World. But fake reviews have been a problem on some of the biggest shopping sites including eBay, Facebook and TripAdvisor for years. Other tactics included offering free gifts or vouchers in return for positive or five-star reviews - which is in breach of Amazon's selling policy. Which? is also concerned about accounts being hacked to leave reviews, comments being transferred from different products and sellers pushing people to leave pictures. There appears to have been a rise in the proportion of suspicious reviews on Amazon in the UK since March's coronavirus lockdown, according to analysis site ReviewMeta. The site includes an online tool which checks for fakes and copies in a web address. Their data suggests a 30% rise in the proportion of unnatural reviews on Amazon between March and August following the first coronavirus lockdown. So how do we spot a fake review this Black Friday? Which? has some simple tips for checking up on fake reviews. A version of this article was originally published on 10 November 2020. Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here.

आइए ईमानदारी से कहें, वे भीड़ जो हम ब्लैक फ्राइडे पर देखते थे, जिसमें लोग खुलने के समय दुकानों में जमा होते थे और नवीनतम सौदेबाजी पर लड़ते थे-वे सबसे अधिक कोविड-सुरक्षित घटना नहीं हैं, क्या वे हैं?


EU referendum quiz: 28 countries, 28 questions

Summary: Britain goes to the polls on 23 June to decide whether to leave the European Union. How much do you know about the different members of the EU? Take our quizzical tour of the 28 member states.

Try another EU quiz - Strange claims, counter-claims (and a weird omen) Find out more about the issues in the EU referendum: The UK's EU vote: All you need to know BBC News: EU Referendum (Question picture credits - Getty Images - 9, 10, 11, 20, 23; iStock - 4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 25, 26, 27, 28; Science Picture Library - 19; Alamy - 22, 24) Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.

ब्रिटेन 23 जून को चुनाव में जाता है यह तय करने के लिए कि यूरोपीय संघ को छोड़ना है या नहीं। आप यूरोपीय संघ के विभिन्न सदस्यों के बारे में कितना जानते हैं? 28 सदस्य राज्यों का हमारा प्रश्नोत्तर दौरा करें।


Aberdeen councillor Brett Hunt who works abroad resigns

Summary: An Aberdeen councillor who works abroad has resigned.

Conservative Bridge of Don councillor Brett Hunt has written to the local authority's chief executive Angela Scott informing her of his decision. In 2017 after being elected, Mr Hunt had insisted he was still able to carry out his duties despite increasing commitments to his job overseas. The SNP's Sandy Stuart, 68, who also represented the Bridge of Don, died on Wednesday night. No by-election date has yet been set.

विदेश में काम करने वाले एबरडीन के एक पार्षद ने इस्तीफा दे दिया है।


Brexit: What has happened since 31 January?

Summary: With the world gripped by the coronavirus pandemic it's been easy to lose track of what's happening with Brexit. Big changes will happen from 1 January, but the UK and the EU are running out of time to agree the new rules.

By Tom EdgingtonBBC News Here are nine significant moments from this year. 1. The UK leaves (31 January) At 23:00 GMT on 31 January the UK officially left the EU - nearly four years after the public vote took place. Brexit supporters celebrated in London's Parliament Square, while Prime Minister Boris Johnson vowed to bring the country together and "take us forward". But the UK did not immediately cut all of its EU ties. The UK went into a transition period that meant continuing to follow EU rules until 31 December 2020. The transition was to allow both sides some breathing space while further UK-EU talks take place. The outcome of these negotiations will determine the rules for the new UK-EU relationship - including on trade - which will start on 1 January 2021. 2. UK-EU trade talks start (2 March) The new negotiations got under way in Brussels on 2 March. Leading the talks for the UK was David Frost, who arrived with 100 advisers and government officials. At the opposite end of the table was Michel Barnier - the EU's chief Brexit negotiator. The biggest issue was a trade deal - everything from lorries crossing borders to financial services rules. But there was plenty of other stuff to discuss - security co-operation and medicine safety being examples. Both sides say they want to avoid tariffs, which are taxes on goods that cross a border. But the UK wants to set all of its own rules and the EU says it doesn't want changes to the rules that mean the UK has an unfair advantage. 3. EU says talks are 'going backwards, more than forwards' (21 August) With the coronavirus crisis taking centre stage, little progress was made with the trade talks. Two major sticking points emerged: Frustration was growing on both sides and on 21 August Mr Barnier told a press conference that the chance of an EU-UK post-Brexit trade deal "seems unlikely" while Lord Frost said the EU had made things "unnecessarily difficult". 4. UK says it is not scared to walk away (6 September) In a further sign that talks were in trouble, Lord Frost told the Mail on Sunday that the UK was not scared to walk away and urged the EU to "take our position seriously". If talks do fail then charges - known as tariffs - would be applied to most goods which UK businesses send to the EU. That could make UK goods more expensive in the EU. Tariffs on EU goods coming into the UK would also be introduced. Full border checks would also be needed and businesses have voiced their fears that this would cause long lorry queues at ports and lead to significant trade disruption around the country. Both sides want to continue to trade with zero tariffs and not bring in too many extra checks - but that will require a trade deal. The UK also wants services - everything from accountancy to education - included in any deal. 5. UK admits its Brexit changes will 'break international law' (8 September) In September, the UK government proposed changes that it acknowledged would break international law in a "specific and limited way". The Brexit deal negotiated in 2019 - known as the withdrawal agreement - established new checks on goods travelling from Great Britain and Northern Ireland. This was to prevent checks from having to take place along the Irish border after the transition ends. However, the UK government said it wanted to make changes to the previously-agreed arrangement in order to bring clarity and avoid disruption from 1 January. In response, the EU announced it had started legal proceedings against the UK. Despite this, the EU said it would not walk away from the trade talks. 6. UK announces trade deal with Japan (11 September) A "historic moment" was how International Trade Secretary Liz Truss described the signing of the UK's first major trade deal since it left the EU. Brexit supporters said the Japan agreement showed that the UK could negotiate better deals than the EU and that further ones would follow. Critics, however, said it was more important to remain close to the EU and that the Japan deal largely replicated the deal the EU already had. 7. Biden warns UK over Brexit changes (16 September) US presidential candidate Joe Biden said he would not allow peace in Northern Ireland to become a "casualty of Brexit". In the tweet sent on 16 September, Mr Biden also said there would be no future US-UK trade deal if border checks returned. 8. New lorry permits announced (23 September) With no breakthrough in the trade talks, the UK government unveiled how it would handle a "reasonable worst case scenario" where queues of 7,000 trucks could clog up roads around the port of Dover and Channel Tunnel from 1 January. To avoid this, the government said it would introduce a new permit system for lorries entering Kent. This would be to prevent lorries without the right paperwork from travelling into the county and attempting to ferry goods to the EU. 9. Boris Johnson says trade deal is 'up to the EU' (2 October) With less than 100 days before the new relationship was due to begin, Mr Johnson said that a deal was "all there" and that it was up to the EU to get it across the line. The EU said while agreement had been reached in a number of technical areas, such as aviation safety, there were still some serious differences to overcome. If a trade deal doesn't happen then contingency measures, in areas like medicine safety, could be introduced. This would be to try to cushion some of the worst disruption that could begin on 1 January.

दुनिया कोरोनावायरस महामारी से ग्रसित होने के कारण ब्रेक्सिट के साथ क्या हो रहा है, इस पर नज़र रखना आसान हो गया है। 1 जनवरी से बड़े बदलाव होंगे, लेकिन ब्रिटेन और यूरोपीय संघ के पास नए नियमों पर सहमत होने के लिए समय समाप्त हो रहा है।


Why are India's top judges doubting each others' sanity?

Summary: The Indian judiciary is in the midst of an unprecedented crisis which has resulted in rival judges issuing court orders for each other to undergo mental health evaluations. The BBC's Geeta Pandey unravels an extraordinary series of events.

For the past several months now, Justice Chinnaswamy Swaminathan Karnan of the Calcutta High Court has been on a massive collision course with the top judges of India's Supreme Court. On Monday, matters came to a head when a seven-judge Supreme Court bench, that included India's Chief Justice JS Khehar, ordered a psychiatric evaluation of Justice Karnan by a panel of government doctors to ascertain if he was mentally ill. An angry Justice Karnan responded by ordering similar tests on the seven top court judges. The initial provocation... The present standoff began on 23 January when Justice Karnan wrote a letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi with the names of 20 "corrupt judges" and three senior law officials. Even though he failed to provide any evidence against those named in the list, he urged Mr Modi to investigate - and take action against them. On 8 February, the seven-judge bench decided that this - and other similar letters Justice Karnan had sent in the past accusing his fellow judges of corruption and bias - was "contempt of court" and demanded an explanation from him. On 13 February, the day he was due to appear in court, Justice Karnan did not show up. The top court gave him another chance and asked him to come on 10 March. But when he ignored that date too, the Supreme Court issued a "bailable warrant" against him, ordering the West Bengal state police chief to bring him in on 31 March. He was also barred from performing any judicial or administrative functions until further orders. But the rebel judge did not fall in line. The crisis escalates On the same day, he too passed an order - a low-caste Dalit (formerly untouchable), he accused the seven judges of caste bias and ordered that a case be registered against them for discriminating against him. He also "ordered" them to pay him 140m rupees ($2.2m; £1.7m) in compensation. A few days later, when the arrest warrant was served to him, he "rejected" it saying it was "illegal" and "unconstitutional". And it's gone rapidly downhill since then. Last Friday, Justice Karnan stunned India when he passed an order banning the chief justice and the other six judges from leaving the country. From a makeshift court he's set up at his home since being barred from the high court, he directed the Air Control Authority in Delhi to prevent the judges from travelling abroad while they were being tried for caste bias against him. He also ordered the judges to appear at his "home-court" on 1 May - the same day they had asked him to appear in the Supreme Court. Questions of sanity On that day, the Supreme Court judges asked whether Justice Karnan was "feigning mental imbalance" and ordered a panel of doctors to examine him on 4 May. The director general of police (DGP) in West Bengal was ordered to provide a team of officers to help the medical board carry out the examination and the board was ordered to submit its report by 8 May. The judges believed they were being considerate - they said from what Justice Karnan had been saying at his news conferences and from the "orders" he had passed in recent days, it seemed he might not be able to defend himself in court. But that did not please the rebel judge. He said that he was "of sound health and mind", that his wife and two sons are "very much satisfied" with his physical and mental health, that the court order was "an insult to a Dalit judge", and that he would not undergo a medical test. Within hours, he had also passed his own "counter-order" - directing the director general of police (DGP) in Delhi to send the seven judges before a psychiatric board to check if they were mentally ill and bring the report to him by 7 May. Now Delhi police is headed by a commissioner and there's no DGP, but that is a minor quibble considering the battle involves India's top judges. So who is Justice Karnan? A rebel without a pause. During his seven-year tenure as a high court judge in Chennai (Madras) from 2009, he accused at least two chief justices of discriminating against him because of his caste. He also accused a fellow judge of raping an intern - a claim yet to be proven. On a few occasions, media reports said he also barged into other judges' courtrooms and generally antagonised his colleagues, so much so that at the end of 2014 several of his fellow judges petitioned the chief justice of India, demanding his transfer because they couldn't work with him. A year ago, when the Supreme Court did transfer him to Kolkata (Calcutta), he passed an order staying his own transfer. It was only after a closed-door meeting with the then chief justice of India, TS Thakur, that he agreed to move. So what happens now? No-one really knows - it's the first time ever in India that the top court has invoked contempt proceedings against a sitting high court judge. The next important date on the calendar is 4 May - the day Justice Karnan is due to undergo psychiatric evaluation. But it's unlikely that he could be forced to see the doctors against his will. Legal experts say they expect the case to drag on at least until 12 June - the day he turns 62 and retires. The Supreme Court may be in a better position to take action against him once he's hung up his robes.

भारतीय न्यायपालिका एक अभूतपूर्व संकट के बीच है जिसके परिणामस्वरूप प्रतिद्वंद्वी न्यायाधीशों ने एक-दूसरे को मानसिक स्वास्थ्य मूल्यांकन से गुजरने के लिए अदालत के आदेश जारी किए हैं। बीबीसी की गीता पांडे घटनाओं की एक असाधारण श्रृंखला को उजागर करती है।


Fallago Rig wind farm expansion decision delayed

Summary: Councillors are to make a site visit before taking a view on plans to expand a wind farm which was the subject of a six-year opposition campaign.

Developers want to build another 12 turbines at Fallago Rig near Lauder. Planning officers had advised Scottish Borders Council to make no objection to the scheme to the Scottish government. A community council voiced "outrage and disbelief" at that position and councillors will now visit the site themselves before deciding their view. Developers also want to extend the life of the current 48-turbine wind farm as part of their application. It would allow the entire 60 turbines to run for 25 years if the second phase became operational. The local authority was being advised not to oppose the project which will be decided by the Scottish government. However, councillors decided they should visit the wind farm before agreeing their stance.

पार्षदों को एक पवन फार्म का विस्तार करने की योजना पर विचार करने से पहले एक स्थल का दौरा करना है जो छह साल के विरोध अभियान का विषय था।


Operation Oak launched again for Aberdeen festive season

Summary: The annual crackdown on crime over the festive period in Aberdeen has been launched.

Operation Oak targets anti-social behaviour and violence with high-visibility and plain clothes patrols. In 2011, offences throughout the Christmas and New Year period were said by police to be down by 66.5% after Operation Oak began. Ch Supt Adrian Watson said: "We will not be complacent and we are determined to build on that progress."

एबरडीन में उत्सव की अवधि में अपराध पर वार्षिक कार्रवाई शुरू की गई है।


Two critically ill migrants among 10 men rescued in Channel

Summary: Ten suspected migrants, including two who are thought to be critically ill, have been rescued by a French lifeboat from the English Channel.

Eight of the men, who claim to be Iranian, were suffering from "severe hypothermia", according to French officials who picked them up earlier. The others were believed to have suffered possible poisoning from engine fumes inhaled in the boat's cabin. The empty boat they were travelling is being towed to Dover by the RNLI. French authorities have said the boat, which is a small solid hulled vessel, was owned by a British citizen. More than 120 migrants have crossed the Channel to the UK since 3 November.

गंभीर रूप से बीमार माने जाने वाले दो लोगों सहित दस संदिग्ध प्रवासियों को इंग्लिश चैनल से एक फ्रांसीसी जीवन रक्षक नौका द्वारा बचाया गया है।


China lift plunge in Wuhan city kills 19

Summary: A platform lift at a construction site in central China has plunged 30 floors to the ground, killing its 19 passengers, state-run media report.

The accident happened on Thursday in the city of Wuhan in Hubei province, says Xinhua news agency. The lift, which officials say fell 328ft (100m), mostly carried construction workers. Officials are investigating the accident, Xinhua says. "The accident occurred at the construction site, the elevator was being used for construction purposes," a local official was quoted by AFP news agency as saying. It happened at 01:26 local time (05:26 GMT), the official added. Thousands of people die every year in work-related accidents in China, where safety rules are often flouted, correspondents say.

मध्य चीन में एक निर्माण स्थल पर एक प्लेटफार्म लिफ्ट 30 मंजिल जमीन पर गिर गई है, जिसमें 19 यात्रियों की मौत हो गई है।


India court releases army veteran detained as foreigner

Summary: A high court in India has ordered the release of a decorated Indian army veteran who was hauled off to a detention camp after being declared a "foreigner" under a controversial measure. BBC Hindi's Vineet Khare reports on how the man's arrest has outraged India.

It was the evening of 27 May and Mohd Sanaullah, 52, had just reached his home in Guwahati in the north-eastern Indian state of Assam, when he got a call from the local police superintendent's office. The man on the other end of the line told Mr Sanaullah that the state's foreigners tribunal had declared him a "foreigner" four days ago and asked him to report there. "He knew what lay ahead," Mr Sanaullah's lawyer and son-in-law, Shahidul Islam, who was with him in Guwahati at the time of his arrest, told the BBC. He spent the night in police custody. On Friday, the high court in Assam granted Mr Sanaullah bail. But his lawyer told the Indian Express newspaper that his appeal challenging his detention in the first place is still pending. Mr Sanaullah is one of four million people who was left off the latest draft of the National Register of Citizens (NRC) published last year. The NRC was first created in 1951 to determine who was born in India and who might be a migrant from neighbouring, Muslim-majority East Pakistan, now known as Bangladesh. The census, conducted only in the north-eastern state of Assam, counts as citizens those who can prove that they were residents of India before midnight on 24 March 1971, a day before Bangladesh declared its independence from Pakistan. An army veteran with 30 years of service, Mr Sanaullah was working as an officer with the border police - a unit of the state police service - when the call came. Ironically, one of its main jobs is to stem illegal migration from Bangladesh. Mr Sanaullah was dispatched to a detention centre the next day, where he has been ever since. There are hundreds of people, also declared foreigners, who are in six detention centres around the state. Even though the most recent version of the NRC was only published in 2018, Assam has a history of trying people suspected to be foreigners. For decades, it did so under a 1983 law, until it was repealed in 2005. The detention centres were set up in 2009 because of fears that those declared "foreigners" would try and escape. Many have been languishing there for years. But Mr Sanaullah was luckier than most. His story caught the attention of national media, which began flashing headlines that a "war hero" in the state had been declared a foreigner. Outrage quickly followed. A leader from India's main opposition Congress party said Mr Sanaullah's detention was an "insult" to India's armed forces, adding that it demonstrated that the NRC had been compiled in a "high-handed and flawed" manner. Others asked if the purpose of the NRC was to identify illegal migrants or label all Muslims as illegal immigrants. Officials are quick to point out that tens of thousands of Hindus were also left off the list. But critics cite the Citizenship Amendment Bill, which seeks to provide citizenship to non-Muslim migrants from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. In fact the bill was shelved after people in Assam vehemently protested against it fearing that Hindu migrants who were not included in the NRC would still get citizenship to stay on. As news of Mr Sanaullah's detention spread, the country's top court also got involved, expressing its "serious concern". It summoned the state's co-ordinator of the NRC and asked him to ensure that the process by which people were deemed foreigners or not was carried out properly. Mr Sanaullah's case documents revealed that the case against him was built on the basis of "witness statements" questioning his nationality. These statements were made in 2008 and 2009 by three people in his home village. The documents also contain an alleged "confession" where Mr Sanaullah reportedly said that he is actually from a village near the Bangladeshi capital Dhaka. But these are all being questioned now. For one, all three "witnesses" are flatly denying making any statement against Mr Sanaullah to the investigating officer, who has been identified as Chandramal Das. "Sanaullah was like family to us. Why would I give a statement against him? I never met Chandramal Das or even heard his name until now," Sobahan Ali told the BBC. Another, Quran Ali, said he was mystified to learn his name was given as that of a witness because he had not even been living in the village at the time that he was supposed to have made this statement. They say their names have been misused and their signatures forged on the document. Mr Sanaullah's family also deny he ever made any "confession" about his birthplace to anyone. These revelations have now prompted police to register a case against Mr Das. Mr Das, who retired last year, told the NDTV news channel that the entire thing was a "mix-up of reports" - and that he had meant to investigate another man whose name was Sanaulla (both names would be spelled the same in the local language). "My father only heard of the probe in 2018 when his name didn't figure in the NRC draft list," Mr Sanaullah's daughter Shehnaz Akhar told the BBC. "It was only when he went to the NRC office that he found out that there was a 10-year-old case against him." Hafiz Rashid Ahmed Choudhary, a senior lawyer at the Guwahati high court in Assam, says that this case is hardly unique and that there are hundreds of people like Mr Sanaullah who are languishing in detention camps. "It's happening because of lapses on the part of the agencies. Police officials lack knowledge and sometimes act in a biased manner. And the Foreigners Tribunals are manned by members who give verdicts but have little experience. The minimum experience to be a member is seven years."

भारत में एक उच्च न्यायालय ने एक सम्मानित भारतीय सेना के पूर्व सैनिक की रिहाई का आदेश दिया है, जिसे एक विवादास्पद उपाय के तहत "विदेशी" घोषित किए जाने के बाद हिरासत शिविर में ले जाया गया था। बीबीसी हिंदी के विनीत खरे ने बताया कि कैसे उस व्यक्ति की गिरफ्तारी ने भारत को नाराज कर दिया है।


The Lido author Libby Page on the power of uplifting fiction

Summary: It may feel like the world isn't the happiest of places at the moment. But first-time author Libby Page is hoping that shining a light on the power of community and friendship in The Lido will be the uplifting read people need.

By Lauren TurnerEntertainment reporter Positive reviews of The Lido - about how residents rally together to save their local pool from closure and developers threatening to use the land for luxury flats - started coming in before it was published on Thursday. While Libby, 25, is delighted, she is also surprised - not least because she almost gave up on the novel after a year of pitching it to agents with no success. "I think people are hooking onto the fact that it's an uplifting story," she says. "It's nice to read a feel-good story when, particularly in difficult times, there are lots of troubling things in the news. I think people are looking for just something that uplifts them." 'It's hard to be an optimist' Page says she's an optimist and that she always tries to see the good in the world. Yet even she admits "it's hard to be an optimist sometimes. But where I see those really positive stories is on the small, local level - in everyday acts of kindness, communities and in normal people. "So that's what I wanted to write about. There are good things happening and there are good people, and I wanted to tell their stories. It's saying that people's normal lives can be beautiful stories." The Lido is set in Brixton, where Page lived when she first moved to London from a small town in Dorset. Yet while many places represented in the book are real, she did use a little artistic licence - including the threat of closure to the (very real) lido, which is not only alive and well but also hosted the book's launch party this week. Despite this, Page felt the community spirit in Brixton was under threat. "There were shops closing, chains coming in, big swish apartments being built," she says. "I started to think about what we lose when we lose community spaces. What kind of city will we be left with? That was the start of the idea." There's much that's uplifting about a story that reflects on the joy of the outdoors and how friendships can be forged in the unlikeliest of places. Yet The Lido also deals with loneliness - something Kate, 26, and Rosemary, 86, have in common besides a love of swimming. Kate, a junior reporter at a local paper in Brixton, is new to London and struggling to find her feet. She suffers from panic attacks and feels trapped by her insecurity, eating ready meals in her tiny shared flat and never stepping outside her comfort zone. She meets the widowed Rosemary when she's sent to interview her about the campaign to keep Brockwell Lido open. (A script is currently being worked on but the film has yet to be cast. When it is, though, Dame Judi Dench would be perfect for the role.) "Kate has a lot of insecurities and is very lonely at the beginning of the book," says Page. "People relate to that as something we all experience, in different ways and at different times of our lives. But we don't necessarily talk about it. "For Rosemary, she's dealing with her own loneliness - but she's lived in Brixton for her whole life and has built up these connections. Kate is newer to the area. "People sometimes underestimate how long it takes to build those connections and feel a part of somewhere. That was definitely something I wanted to write about." 'More in common' Loneliness in young people is something that's coming to the fore. A study released earlier this month suggested 16 to 24-year-olds were more likely to feel lonely than older people. "Especially in your early '20s, there's this pressure that you have to be having the best time," agrees Page. "You see things on Facebook and Instagram and feel that your friends are having this amazing time - but the reality is that there's a lot they're not posting. For a lot of people it's not always easy. "That stress and anxiety around just finding your place - I hope people can relate to that. It's something a lot of people I know have been through. "My hope is that if someone reads it who's had that experience, or if they think someone may be going through it, that it encourages them to talk with their friends or family and say 'I've felt that way as well.' That would be amazing, if it leads to those conversations." As for Rosemary's character, Page adds: "It's refreshing to see an older woman who's at the heart of the community and is very active. Often you see older women portrayed as more passive. But she's very feisty and a real campaigner." Libby's tips for writing a page-turner The friendship that's formed between the pair is pivotal to the book. "We have more in common with other humans than we think we do," says Page, a lover of swimming herself. "Loneliness brings Kate and Rosemary together because they're both lonely in their own way. They make the connection through that, but also through their love of the lido. "With the outdoor swimming I've done, I've seen people of all ages getting into the water. It's somewhere I've seen and looked up to older women, who are there in their floral swimming costumes jumping into freezing cold water. I just found that so inspiring." Page adds: "These women do exist and the lido is such a great meeting place for people of all generations and backgrounds. If you're just there in your swimming costume, you're more exposed in a way and maybe you're more likely to start those conversations." She says early readers of The Lido have told her it's made her think of their own local community, and adds: "What I really love is that people say it's inspired them to go swimming, when they've not been in years. To think you've inspired someone to take an action is just amazing." The Lido is published by Orion Books. Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.

ऐसा लग सकता है कि दुनिया इस समय सबसे खुश जगह नहीं है। लेकिन पहली बार लेखक लिब्बी पेज उम्मीद कर रहे हैं कि द लिडो में समुदाय और दोस्ती की शक्ति पर प्रकाश डालना लोगों को पढ़ने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करने वाला होगा।


Mark Drakeford demands independent report into maternity plan

Summary: Health Minister Mark Drakeford has demanded an independent report into plans to remove doctor-led maternity care at Ysbyty Glan Clwyd in Bodelwyddan.

He has written to Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board raising concerns over the move. Under the changes women needing a consultant will have to go to Ysbyty Gwynedd or Wrexham Maelor hospitals. Mr Drakeford has asked for "assurances" on behalf of expectant mothers. He wants a "definitive timescale" on when the service will be returned to the hospital. In the letter, addressed to the health board, Mr Drakeford said: "It's very important that patients and their families are provided with clear in formation on this very important matter, without any room for ambiguity." The health board welcomed the letter.

स्वास्थ्य मंत्री मार्क ड्रेकफोर्ड ने बोडेलविडन में यसबीटी ग्लैन क्लविड में डॉक्टर के नेतृत्व वाली प्रसूति देखभाल को हटाने की योजना पर एक स्वतंत्र रिपोर्ट की मांग की है।


Cambridge Analytica starts bankruptcy proceedings in US

Summary: Cambridge Analytica has filed for bankruptcy in the US.

The consultancy was at the centre of the Facebook data-sharing scandal in which it was accused of improperly obtaining information on users. The bankruptcy proceedings are part of the process of closing down the company and its UK parent, SCL Elections, that started in early May. The company blamed a "siege of media coverage" for driving away customers and forcing its closure. In court papers filed with a New York court, Cambridge Analytica said it had assets of up to $500,000 (£370,000) and debts in the range of $1m to $10m. Regulators have said that, despite the firm's shutting down and laying off staff, they will still pursue a probe into how the firm used Facebook data. The social network said data on about 87 million users was grabbed when people completed a quiz hosted on the site. This information was then passed on to Cambridge Analytica which has been accused of using it for political campaigning. The political consultancy always maintained that it did nothing wrong in the way it obtained and used the data.

कैम्ब्रिज एनालिटिका ने अमेरिका में दिवालियापन के लिए आवेदन किया है।


How bad is air pollution in the UK?

Summary: The government must devise a new plan to clean the air after losing two court cases. As part of the So I Can Breathe series, we examine air pollution in the UK. Who is most to blame and what should be done?

By Roger HarrabinBBC environment analyst How bad is UK air pollution? Air pollution is a major contributor to ill health in the UK, but it's hard to say exactly by how much. Dirty air doesn't directly kill people. But it's estimated in the UK to contribute to the shortening of the lives of around 40,000 people a year, principally by undermining the health of people with heart or lung problems. How accurate are media headlines about 40,000 deaths? Headlines claiming that pollution kills 40,000 are just wrong - it's more subtle than that. It's also wrong to say pollution in the UK is rising. The 40,000 pollution-related deaths figure is not a count of actual deaths - it's a statistical construct, with a lot of uncertainty involved. Government advisers say the 40,000 number might be a sixth as big - or twice as big. Pollution clearly is a problem, though. And, remember, it doesn't just contribute to early deaths, it also compromises the health of people suffering from ailments like asthma and hay fever. Is pollution increasing? In cities globally, pollution is increasing. In the UK, air pollution nationally has been generally dropping (except from ammonia from farming). But despite the overall fall, in many big UK cities safe limits on harmful particulates and oxides of nitrogen - NOx - are still regularly breached. And in London, NOx levels at the roadside have barely dropped at all. Why is there so much concern at the moment? Experts in air pollution argue that it has been under-reported for decades, but the issue has been thrust into the news because the UK government lost court cases over illegally dirty air, and because car makers were found to be cheating tests on car emissions. Scientists are also more confident now about the ways that air pollution harms people. It has even recently been linked with dementia, although that link remains debatable. Diesel cars seem to be portrayed as the main villains. Is that fair? Yes and no. Diesel car manufacturers drew fire by cheating emissions tests. Diesels are much more polluting than petrol cars on a local scale, and the biggest proportion of pollution in UK cities does come from road transport in general. But if you look at Greater London (London stats are the most detailed) you see that private diesel cars contribute 11% of NOx - less than you might have thought. Lorries - with far fewer numbers on the roads - produce the same amount. Zoom into Central London, and just 5% of NOx comes from private diesel cars. That is dwarfed by 38% from gas for heating homes and offices. There are many other sources of pollution, including buses, taxis, industry and other machinery, such as on building sites. So it's a many-sided problem. What should we do? Solving air pollution needs a many-sided approach. The best value for money comes from targeting the really big individual polluters - that's old buses and lorries in cities. Most big cities are already doing that, although critics say not fast enough. Insulating homes so they don't burn as much gas, would save pollution, cash and carbon emissions in the long term - but critics say the government appears to have no strategy for this. Stopping the spread of wood-burning stoves in cities might help a bit. Cutting pollution from ships would be good in port cities. Reducing use of some chemicals in the home would help a little. What about taxing diesel cars more? A previous government encouraged drivers to buy diesel vehicles because they produced fewer emissions of greenhouse gases. Incentives for diesel were removed in 1999. Petrol cars are now almost as efficient and are much less polluting locally, so scientists say it makes sense to tax diesel cars extra. Politicians are nervous upsetting drivers, and we shall have to wait to the Budget to see how they respond. Ministers are also under pressure to offer a £3,500 incentive for drivers to scrap old diesel cars, which would incentivise the purchase of new cleaner vehicles. The Green party says it would be perverse to reward car makers with increased sales when they caused the problem in the first place by failing on their promises to government to make diesel engines clean. Follow Roger on Twitter. So I Can Breathe A week of coverage by BBC News examining possible solutions to the problems caused by air pollution.

दो अदालती मामले हारने के बाद सरकार को हवा को साफ करने के लिए एक नई योजना बनानी चाहिए। सो आई कैन ब्रीद श्रृंखला के हिस्से के रूप में, हम ब्रिटेन में वायु प्रदूषण की जांच करते हैं। सबसे अधिक दोषी कौन है और क्या किया जाना चाहिए?


Man dies following motorbike crash near Moffat

Summary: A 64-year-old man has died after his motorbike crashed near Moffat in Dumfries and Galloway.

The crash happened on the A701 Dumfries to Edinburgh road at about 17:50 on Friday. Emergency services attended but the man was pronounced dead at the scene. Police have appealed for anyone with information about the crash, which involved a red and black motorbike, to contact them. They are keen to hear from anyone with dashcam footage.

डमफ्रीज और गैलोवे में मोफैट के पास मोटरसाइकिल दुर्घटनाग्रस्त होने से एक 64 वर्षीय व्यक्ति की मौत हो गई है।


Laser pen shone at passenger plane landing at Inverness

Summary: A laser pointer pen was aimed towards a passenger aircraft as it was landing at Inverness Airport.

Police said the incident could have distracted the flight crew and had "catastrophic consequences". The green laser pen was directed towards the plane as it was landing at about 17:30 on Wednesday. Police Scotland have appealed for information.

इनवर्नेस हवाई अड्डे पर उतरते समय एक लेजर पॉइंटर पेन को एक यात्री विमान की ओर निशाना बनाया गया था।


Guernsey pharmacist law change approved

Summary: Moves to tighten up the laws governing the running of pharmacies in Guernsey have been approved by the States.

Pharmacists, who need to have UK qualifications, will only be allowed sole charge of pharmacy once they have three years experience. The Health Department called for the change to ensure patient safety. A change to the proposition allowing pharmacists without three years experience to run pharmacies on a short-term basis was also approved.

ग्वेर्नसे में फार्मेसियों के संचालन को नियंत्रित करने वाले कानूनों को कड़ा करने के कदमों को राज्यों द्वारा मंजूरी दी गई है।


Will minority status help Cornwall?

Summary: After years of campaigning Cornwall is moving closer to gaining the cultural and political recognition some feel it deserves. The Cornish people will be granted minority status under European rules for the protection of national minorities. But what will this actually mean?

By Emma HallettBBC News Walk down a street in one of the many coastal villages in Cornwall and you will most likely see a long line of Cornish pasty shops, cafes serving Cornish cream teas and - when you reach the harbour - the distinct smell and look of a proud fishing history. Its cobbled streets have a rich past and even in Cornwall's larger towns, many of which were built up around its former mining industry, there is something intangible that sets this part of the country aside. You know you are in Cornwall. And yet, the sense of being in a nation apart - such as one experiences in Scotland or Wales - does not quite apply in Cornwall. While it has its own language, and many of the place names are in Cornish, there are few other outward signs of it to be seen as you move around the peninsula. The minority status, which already applies to the Scots, Welsh and Irish, means government and public bodies will be required to consider them when making decisions. But what impact will that have on Cornish people's lives? A discussion on BBC Radio Cornwall's Facebook page revealed a mixed response, with Shaun Jenkin writing: "Do we really care? What difference will it make to us? None. "Will it help me find a job in Cornwall now I've been made redundant, no. "So what's the point? Probably to line the pockets of those who we will never know sat in posh offices around the county. And before you ask yes I am Cornish." Ben Lean added: "I already knew I was Cornish. I don't need some European mumbo-jumbo to tell me that." Despite this, many of the comments were supportive of the move, with many adding they are "proud to be Cornish". But if anything is to be learnt from Cornwall's Celtic cousins, having minority status may not be worth getting excited about. Emyr Lewis, a senior fellow in Welsh Law at Cardiff University, said the impact of minority status on Wales had been "insignificant". He said: "It is good that it is there and that the Welsh language and culture is recognised by the UK, but the actual impact has been relatively small. "For the Cornish however, and the Cornish people, it could be more. The reason is that the Cornish minority have not traditionally been regarded in the same way the Welsh have or the Scots have, or the Irish. "So I think this is a positive step. It could be even more valuable in the case of the Cornish because it affirms the respectability in international law terms for people who consider themselves to be Cornish and removes them from being marginal." Cornish campaigner and comedian Edward Rowe, also known as the Kernow King, said the status was "obviously great news for the people of Cornwall". He added: "It is great for Cornwall to get the recognition for its culture and heritage that it deserves." Perhaps the most crucial point that has led towards Cornwall being given minority status is the fact it has its own language. However, only about 1,000 of its 532,000 inhabitants are estimated to actually speak it, according to Julian German, a Cornwall Council cabinet member and chairman of the Cornish Language Partnership. Now minority status has been given, Mr German said the council - which is "very keen to promote the language" - would be discussing with the department of transport whether or not to allow bilingual signs on the roads. Elizabeth Stewart, who presents the Cornish language programme An Nowodhow on BBC Radio Cornwall, said its influence should not be under estimated. "You can look at all sorts of different areas, regions, within the British Isles, and you will have areas that will have a particular type of Morris dancing or a particular type of music that is local to that area," she said. "But does that mean they it has got its own identity as a nation? No. It has got its own local identity and that should be celebrated and cherished, but what makes Cornwall distinct and what links us with the Celtic nations of Wales Ireland, Scotland, it is the language." Of course it is argued the distinct Cornish culture goes much further than just its language, including music, dance, games and folklore. Every year, St Piran's Day - the national day of the people of Cornwall - is celebrated with parades, national dress and music. And one of Cornwall's best known traditions - Padstow's Obby Oss - takes place every May Day. The centuries-old tradition sees the Obby Oss dance through the streets of the Cornish town, to welcome the coming of summer. Mr German admitted the status did not attract any extra money but he said minority status would allow the Cornish people to feel confident as well as strengthening the Cornish "brand". He said: "It's about self-confidence and people just being able to say they are Cornish. "It is a discussion that many people have in Cornwall, whether it is in the workplace, in the pub, wherever, with someone saying 'I'm Cornish' and someone else saying 'no, you're not'. "Now with this recognition, that is the government's position, we have been recognised and can be identified as Cornish, and as with the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish, that recognition will really help boost confidence."

वर्षों तक प्रचार करने के बाद कॉर्नवाल सांस्कृतिक और राजनीतिक मान्यता प्राप्त करने के करीब पहुंच रहा है, कुछ लोगों को लगता है कि यह इसके लायक है। कॉर्निश लोगों को राष्ट्रीय अल्पसंख्यकों की सुरक्षा के लिए यूरोपीय नियमों के तहत अल्पसंख्यक का दर्जा दिया जाएगा। लेकिन इसका वास्तव में क्या मतलब होगा?


Timeline: Australia's terror threat

Summary: Concern has been growing in Australia in recent months over the effect on domestic security of Australian nationals fighting with or sympathising with Islamist militant groups in Iraq and Syria. The BBC looks at how events - and related legislation - have developed.

20 April 2015: British police say a 14-year-old boy from northern England was arrested on 2 April in connection with an alleged plot to target an Anzac memorial event in Australia. The same alleged plot had seen five teenagers arrested in Melbourne on 18 April, including Sevdet Besim, 18, who was charged with conspiring to commit a terrorist act. 2 March: Australia makes it illegal for its citizens to travel to IS-held Mosul in Iraq without "legitimate" reason. 23 Feb: PM Tony Abbott announces plans to toughen citizenship laws and clamp down on those inciting hatred. 11 Feb: Police arrest and charge two men with planning to carry out an imminent attack, saying they seized a hunting knife, an IS flag and a video describing an attack. 24 Dec 2014: Counter-terrorism police in Sydney arrest two men, charging one with possession of documents designed to facilitate a terrorist attack. 15-16 Dec: Gunman Man Haron Monis, a self-styled cleric originally from Iran, takes 17 people hostage in a cafe in the centre of Sydney. Monis and two hostages are killed after a 16-hour siege. His former lawyer describes him as "unhinged" but not a jihadist. 4 Dec: Australia bans its citizens from travelling to the Syrian province of Raqqa, stronghold of IS. 30 Oct: Parliament completes approval of a security law that creates a new offence of "advocating terrorism" and seeks to ban Australians from travelling to certain conflict areas. 29 Oct: The government says it is trying to confirm reports that the most senior Australian member of IS, Mohammad Ali Baryalei, has been killed in Syria. 8 Oct: Mr Abbott proposes ban on foreign "hate preachers". 3 Oct: Australia approves air strikes against IS. 23 Sep: A teenager described as a "known terror suspect" is shot dead after he stabs two police officers at a Melbourne police station. 18 Sep: Australia carries out what it calls its biggest counter-terrorism raid; Mr Abbott later confirms this was linked to an alleged plot by Australia-based individuals to kill a randomly selected member of the public. The intelligence is reported to have come from an intercepted telephone call involving an Australian fighter with Islamic State (IS) in Syria. 14 Sep: Prime Minister Tony Abbott commits 600 troops to fight against Islamic State, as part of a multilateral effort. 12 Sep: Australia raises terror threat level from medium to high, for the first time since the system was introduced in 2003. 10 Sep: Brisbane Islamic centre raided; two charged with terrorism offences. 27 Aug: New counter-terrorism units set up in airports to stop departing fighters. Separately, director general of Australia's spy agency, David Irvine, says 15 Australian militants have died fighting in Iraq and Syria. One hundred or more people in Australia are "actively supporting" militant groups by recruiting new fighters and providing funds, he says. 11 Aug: Image emerges of young son of Australian militant fighter holding severed head of Syrian soldier. 5 Aug: New legislation aimed at preventing people going to fight with Islamist groups announced. 21 July 2014: Officials say Australian suicide bomber behind an attack in Iraq; concern grows over the number of Australians fighting for Islamist militant groups in the Middle East and the effect of them and their supporters and sympathisers on domestic security.

हाल के महीनों में ऑस्ट्रेलिया में इराक और सीरिया में इस्लामी आतंकवादी समूहों के साथ लड़ने या उनसे सहानुभूति रखने वाले ऑस्ट्रेलियाई नागरिकों की घरेलू सुरक्षा पर प्रभाव को लेकर चिंता बढ़ रही है। बीबीसी इस बात पर गौर करता है कि घटनाएं-और संबंधित कानून-कैसे विकसित हुए हैं।


Falmouth Tall Ships Regatta starts

Summary: A regatta featuring dozens of vessels and attracting thousands of visitors has started in Cornwall.

Forty-three vessels from around the world are taking part in the Falmouth Tall Ships Regatta. It is the fifth time the town has hosted the tall ships since they first visited in 1966. In 2008 the event attracted more than 100,000 visitors. The regatta will run until 31 August with the tall ships leaving Falmouth Bay on Sunday and sailing to London.

कॉर्नवाल में दर्जनों जहाजों और हजारों आगंतुकों को आकर्षित करने वाला एक रेगाटा शुरू हो गया है।


Cultural literacy: Michael Gove's school of hard facts

Summary: In his review of the national curriculum, the Education Secretary Michael Gove has said schools should emphasise the learning of key facts, arming children with essential knowledge to aid their learning - but where has he got this idea from?

By Fran AbramsBBC Radio 4's Analysis BBC Radio 4's Analysis explores the roots of "cultural literacy" and how it is gaining traction in England's schools. The new intake at Pimlico Academy in London is learning a new kind of lesson. It is all based on a curriculum of hard facts, rather than of skills. "We want children to be critical thinkers, we want them to be literate, we want them to be numerate [but] what we're doing is thinking how we achieve those ends," says Annaliese Briggs, the woman appointed to run the academy's primary school, due to open next year. While she does not yet have a teaching qualification, we might be well advised to listen to what she has to say - because according to education secretary Michael Gove, this is the future. "The curriculum at the moment in primary schools is often referred to as a skills-based curriculum - but I think it's much better to refer to it as a content-lite curriculum," says Briggs. "We are developing a curriculum that specifies the knowledge that we think children need to know to develop these skills." This idea, which has really grabbed Michael Gove and other Tories, has its origins in the USA - specifically with an 84-year-old former English literature professor, E.D. Hirsch. Hirsch has two big ideas: First, that we all need something he calls "cultural literacy" - certain facts, ideas, literary works that he says people need to know in order to operate effectively as citizens of the country in which they live. And second, that children need to learn these facts in a highly organised, structured way - a sort of "back to basics" education. Cultural have-nots The story of cultural literacy started around 20 years ago when Hirsch was working as a college lecturer in Richmond, Virginia - close to where General Robert Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant during the American Civil War. Hirsch was struck by something about his students - particularly those who came from poorer backgrounds. "The critical reason that I got into education reform was the strange inability of some community college students - most of them black - to be able to read simple passages about the American Civil War," Hirsch explains. "The black students could do very well when the topics were about 'Why I like my room mate' and 'Why I don't like traffic on Route 29,' and so on, but they did very badly when it came to 'Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House' - which was shaking to me because it took place in Richmond." "It wasn't that they lacked reading ability. It wasn't even that their vocabularies were excessively small - it was just basic factual information they lacked, which would enable them to understand what they read." What Hirsch had hit upon was a notion which is now pretty much universally accepted: While some people grow up in homes where all sorts of cultural knowledge is common currency - history, art, literature - others do not. When those who lack that cultural knowledge find themselves in the midst of a conversation about the American Civil War, or Rodin's sculptures, they feel lost. Hirsch set about defining the most important background knowledge needed so that the cultural "have-nots" could become "haves". His subsequent book Cultural Literacy became a US best-seller. The debate about what American children need to know - in order for social justice to be achieved - has been filtering across the Atlantic for a couple of decades, but is now starting to gain some real traction. A series of books based on Hirsch's thinking are now being published by Civitas, a right-leaning think tank. But Daisy Christodoulou, managing director of the Curriculum Centre, which is working to promote these ideas in schools across England, says these are not necessarily right-wing concepts. "I think that if you look back through the historical contours of this debate, that generally it's the left who realise that knowledge is power - that equal access and entitlement to knowledge is so important." Working class ideal She is working with the Pimlico Academy primary school and talks with great passion about the way in which, for her, Hirsch's work fits with a proud working class tradition. "Plenty of trade unionists and plenty of the early members of the Labour movement recognised this too," she says. Christodoulou references Robert Tressell's The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists - an inspirational early labour movement text - and says it has some parallels with Hirsch's ideas. "I think you see very clearly the similar ideas that Hirsch is talking about, that there is a common heritage of knowledge and every pupil, every citizen in this country, has a right to share in that knowledge." Daisy Christodoulou's father was an immigrant from Cyprus: "He remembers going to school in the East End and very often not knowing what they were talking about," she says. "He didn't want me to have that experience at school. He wanted me to be able to go into school and to know what was going on." Christodoulou certainly embodies Hirsch's idea that factual knowledge is the route to educational success. In 2007 she was on the winning team on University Challenge - in fact she answered so many questions over the series that there were headlines in the papers asking "Is Daisy Britain's Brightest Student?" But not everyone agrees with her that Hirsch is the product of a long, proud, left-wing tradition. In fact, according to Hirsch himself, people on the left started to attack his ideas almost as soon as he had articulated them. In reality, modern-day followers of Hirsch are much more likely to be found on the right of the political spectrum than on the left. Among them is Conservative MP Nick Gibb, who was, until the recent reshuffle, schools minister in England. He sees Hirsch as a kind of antidote to the kind of left-wing romanticism he believes has really got a grip on the national curriculum. "If you just look at, for example, the history curriculum, it's all about sorts of skills... essentially constructing historical narratives, explanations," he says. "I've seen a history lesson where they had a portrait of Henry VII on the interactive white board and they had to intuit from that piece of evidence things about Henry VII. "Children were coming up with things like 'Henry VII must have been rich' and 'he was full of himself' and I don't think that's a very good use of time in a tight timetable at school. They really ought to be learning the actual knowledge - the story of the history." Mr Gibb agrees with Hirsch that all children should have the opportunity to learn the same set of core facts about their society. "The essence of what Hirsch is talking about is: It's not just any knowledge, it's only that knowledge which constitutes the shared intellectual currency of the society." More knowledge, less individuality Curriculum expert Prof Andrew Pollard disagrees. He does not accept the former minister's view that lessons in English schools are "content-lite". "I'm sure you can find examples of that sort, just as you can find examples of cramming of knowledge," he says. "It's a very wide-ranging system and I think there's no doubt that more emphasis on knowledge and facts and so forth is not necessarily a bad idea - but I don't think caricatures of practice help us greatly." The debate about Hirsch is a polarised one, but Sir Michael Barber, formerly Tony Blair's chief adviser on policy implementation and now chief education adviser at the educational publisher Pearson, says there is a third way. "The road to hell in education is paved with false dichotomies. If you think of knowledge as two aspects - knowing content, knowing information, and then also knowing how to do something. "Take Pythagoras' Theorem. Is that knowledge or skills? It's not really useful unless you can apply Pythagoras' Theorem when you need to with a mathematical problem - and that's knowing how. "Knowing what and knowing how - knowledge and skills - go together." But Education Secretary Michael Gove is certainly keen to inject more of Hirsch into English schools. He told MPs earlier this year that far from seeing these ideas as old-fashioned, he expected schools to embrace them. Mr Gove says he does not want to force schools to adopt Hirsch's ideas - but some members of the expert panel set up to provide advice on his curriculum review think that is just what he is doing. Prof Andrew Pollard was one of the panel's four members. It came up with a perfectly sensible conclusion: education is the product of interaction between knowledge and individual development. But Mr Gove and Mr Gibb did not entirely agree with that. They want more of the knowledge and less of the individual development. And they want it laid out as Hirsch recommends - in specific, year-by-year detail. And, according to Prof Pollard, the notion that teachers should have freedom to decide when children should learn what, and how, was rejected. "I think it's curious that despite this focus on knowledge, ministers so show such a cavalier disregard for research evidence from the UK and across the world," he says. "This research is largely consistent in saying that the key factor in high quality education, in raising standards, is the input of teachers and their capacity to deploy their expertise." Sir Michael Barber has just published a paper on schools around the world. He found that the people who think the curriculum is the answer, are asking the wrong question. "In Britain and the US there's a tendency to assume that a child is either born so-called 'clever' or not, and then the school system just discovers whether that's true or not, " he says - noting that it is different in Asia, home to some of the highest education standards in the world. "In Pacific-Asia they assume that every child can learn this content through hard work - with parental support and good teaching. "We see very passionate, committed teachers and parents who believe that their children can succeed regardless of their background. "That means that they get more children making more progress and they have less of an equity gap than we have in Britain or has traditionally been the case in the United States." However, Sir Michael does not completely dismiss Hirsch. "Cultural literacy is important too and if you don't know those key facts in the society you live in, you're permanently disadvantaged. I think that is a key fact." Listen to the full report on BBC Radio 4's Analysis. Listen again on the Radio 4 website or the Analysis podcast.

राष्ट्रीय पाठ्यक्रम की अपनी समीक्षा में, शिक्षा सचिव माइकल गोव ने कहा है कि स्कूलों को प्रमुख तथ्यों को सीखने पर जोर देना चाहिए, बच्चों को उनके सीखने में सहायता के लिए आवश्यक ज्ञान से लैस करना चाहिए-लेकिन उन्हें यह विचार कहाँ से मिला है?


Kenya al-Shabab attack: Students 'too scared to scream'

Summary: Students at Kenya's Garissa university awoke on Thursday morning to the sound of gunmen prowling the campus, shooting at their classmates. Nearly 150 people were killed in what would become the deadliest attack yet by al-Shabab militants in Kenya.

"All I could hear were footsteps and gunshots," student Collins Wetangula told the Associated Press news agency. "Nobody was screaming because they thought this would lead the gunmen to where they are." "The gunmen were saying, 'Sisi ni al-Shabab,'" he said - Swahili for "We are al-Shabab." The raid began at dawn - about 0530 local time (0230 GMT). Two Toyota Probox cars drove up to the university gates, according to Kenyan daily newspaper The Star. Five gunmen got out, wearing masks and jungle-style fatigues, the paper says. They shot dead two guards at the gate and entered the campus. A labourer named Boaz Muanja told The Star he initially mistook the gunmen for police officers - until they began firing in his direction. A student said she too mistook the armed men for police when she went to check on an explosion at the gates. "All of a sudden I saw them throw explosives... where the Christian Union members were praying," she said. Inside the dormitories, the students realised they were under attack. "We were asleep… when we heard several gunshots outside the hostel," said Augustine Alanga, an economics student interviewed by the BBC's Newsday radio programme. Many of the students escaped, he said. Those who were left behind were taken hostage by the gunmen. "It was horrible, my life was in danger… they were shooting at us with live bullets," he said. "Everywhere all over the school compound was gunfire." An unnamed witness, interviewed by Reuters TV, also spoke of being awoken by the sound of firing. "Guys started jumping up and down, running for their lives," he said. But some of the students ended up "going to where the gunshots were coming from". The others, he said, escaped to open ground and eventually fled the campus. Mr Wetangula, the vice chairman of the university students' union, told the Associated Press news agency that he was preparing for a shower when he heard the gunshots. He immediately locked himself in a room with three other students. He says he heard the attackers opening doors and asking people if they were Muslim or Christians. "If you were a Christian, you were shot on the spot," he said. "With each blast of the gun, I thought I was going to die." He said the shooting became more intense, apparently as the gunmen themselves came under fire. The students left the room when men in military uniform appeared at one of the windows, identifying themselves as Kenyan soldiers. But Mr Wetangula said the escape was far from smooth. "We started running and bullets were whizzing past our heads... The soldiers told us to dive." Later, he said, a soldier told him that al-Shabab snipers had been firing from the roof of a dormitory. Another student said he noticed that the attackers were fully covered, "leaving just a slit for their eyes". He said he helped a group of students escape by jumping onto chairs placed outside open windows. Outside the university, Kenyan journalist Dennis Okari tweeted that he had been told to take cover amid the sound of heavy gunfire and explosions. "Hundreds of students run out, some crawling," he wrote. Kenya's security forces say the militants were eventually surrounded in a dormitory. Four of them died, apparently as their suicide vests were detonated. The fifth gunman was captured alive. The attack is the bloodiest yet on Kenyan soil by al-Shabab militants, based in neighbouring Somalia. A female student told Al Jazeera that she had stepped over more bodies than she could count as she escaped. James Karubiu, the father of a student, told the BBC that he had searched for his daughter in a mortuary, fearing she was dead because he could not get through to her mobile phone. When she eventually sent him a text message, he learnt that she had spent 10 hours hidden in a closet. "She was just peeping, and seeing how people were being killed like animals," he said. Many Kenyans are asking if the attack could have been anticipated, and if more could have been done to protect the university. Grace Kai, a student at a nearby teachers training college, said strangers spotted earlier in Garissa town were suspected to have been terrorists. The college principal had also warned of strangers having entered the college, she told Reuters news agency. But another witness, who gave his name as Geremano, told the BBC's Outside Source that students had told him they had not expected an attack on the university.

केन्या के गरिसा विश्वविद्यालय के छात्र गुरुवार की सुबह अपने सहपाठियों पर बंदूकधारियों की गोलीबारी की आवाज़ से जाग गए। केन्या में अल-शबाब आतंकवादियों द्वारा किए गए अब तक के सबसे घातक हमले में लगभग 150 लोग मारे गए।


The last hours of a Christian sanitary worker in Pakistan

Summary: Irfan Masih was clearing a blocked sewer in Pakistan's Sindh Province when he was overcome by toxic fumes. The 30-year-old, who is Christian, died in hospital. His family say that doctors initially refused to treat him and allege he is a victim of growing discrimination from the Muslim majority. The BBC's Riaz Sohail in Umarkot and M Ilyas Khan in Islamabad report.

When Irfan Masih was sent with two colleagues to clear a sewer that had been blocked for four months on Chhor road in Umarkot town, he could not have foreseen that his life was about to end. His cousin Pervez, a sanitary worker like Irfan, said he was heading to work on 1 June when he heard about the incident. "I rushed straight to the spot where some people were gathered. They had already pulled out Shaukat Masih, who was unconscious. I helped bring out Yaqoob and Irfan." Shaukat Masih had been sent down to rescue the two. Irfan was deepest down the sewer well. "Irfan was breathing, sometimes choking a bit. I lifted him on my shoulder and started running towards the hospital when an auto rickshaw pulled over to help me carry him. The Taluka Headquarters Hospital in Umarkot is a small one, with only one emergency room where all three were taken. Six doctors deal with 600 outpatient and emergency cases every day. One doctor came in, looked at Irfan and told the ward boy to clean him, Pervez Masih said. "I pleaded with him that Irfan was seriously ill and he must examine him right away. But he said he was fasting [for Ramadan], and that Irfan was covered in sewage filth. He went away." After some time, the hospital's chief doctor arrived, he says, followed a while later by another. Neither doctor tended to the injured sanitary worker, although Pervez Masih says the second doctor told the ward boy to put him on oxygen. "The ward boy did not wash Irfan as he was told. He continued to try to insert a cannula in Irfan's wrist but couldn't find a vein. "All this while, I was fretting and pleading with one member of staff after another to attend to Irfan. Then I cleaned his face a bit and put my mouth on his mouth and nose and blew in to revive him. "All this time, Irfan was breathing. Occasionally a shiver would run down his body, like someone having an epileptic fit. "We must have been there for half an hour before he died. The last time I breathed into his mouth and nose, he pulled in a deep breath and choked a little." It was only then that the ward boy brought the oxygen and put the mask on his mouth, he said, but there did not appear to be any oxygen in the cylinder. Minutes later a fourth doctor, Hanif Aresar, came in. "He didn't mind the filth, just went down and embraced him and turned him on his stomach, and back on his back, and tried to resuscitate him manually. Then he said it was no use. Irfan was gone. " Irfan was Christian, like most sanitary workers in Pakistan. Some low-caste Hindus also do the job, but Muslims avoid this work because they see it as beneath them. Christians also face discrimination in this Muslim-majority nation. So too do Hindus, but in Umarkot there is a Hindu population of half a million, making them an influential group. There are only a small number of Christians, however, and they have no meaningful representation in the local government. Who are Pakistan's Christians? Dr Jam Kumbhar, the chief of the hospital, denies allegations that doctors refused to touch the three workers unless they were washed or that one said he was fasting (with the possible implication that he was short-tempered as a result). He says Irfan Masih "was already dead when they brought him in," despite his cousin Pervez's detailed account of the man's last moments. "I am a Muslim and a doctor, and part of our training is to understand that all patients are equal and we must not entertain prejudice against anyone," Dr Kumbhar told the BBC. "I did not utter these words, nor did I hear any other doctor say that he was fasting and that he would touch the patient only after the patient was given a bath." The BBC asked to see the entry register which lists each patient brought in to the emergency room and their medical condition. Dr Kumbhar said they couldn't find it because it had been taken away by local Christians. Local journalist Nahid Hussain Khatak, who reached the hospital about 10 minutes after Irfan Masih, corroborates much of Pervez Masih's account. "He had been seen by the doctors. If they thought he was dead, why would they put a cannula in his arm or give him oxygen?" A picture taken by Pervez Masih appears to show his brother with a cannula in his arm. Dr Kumbhar accused the Christians of turning violent. "They were armed with sticks and were also carrying acid in bottles. They broke things at the hospital. The lives of the doctors were in danger." The hospital administration has made a formal request to the authorities to lodge a case of terrorism against 13 members of the Christian community. Nahid Hussain Khatak says the violence alleged "wasn't even a fraction of what the hospital administration have said". "Someone opened the fridge in the emergency room and found it stocked with fruit (for doctors and paramedics to eat after their fast) instead of medicine, and pulled it to the ground. They smashed up a couple of tables but it was over in minutes as everybody stormed out to hold a protest." Far from going after the Christian protesters, police are investigating the three doctors at the hospital who are accused of negligence and involuntary homicide. Dr Kumbhar was arrested and released on bail. Pressure for a police complaint mounted when the Christian community staged their demonstration, attracting media attention. Pervez Masih does admit he and others were angry. "I lost my mind. Shaukat and Yaqoob were also in a serious state. So there was mayhem in the emergency room. Someone pulled down a refrigerator, a table or two were overturned, some windowpanes were broken." But he says they left with Irfan Mashi's body when police told them to calm down. "We took the dead body straight to the town square where we staged a sit-in for seven hours, and left only after the district administration high-ups assured us that justice would be done." It was this anger, he believes, that convinced police to lodge a complaint against the three doctors, and that convinced the hospital staff to immediately arrange to transfer the two other Christian men to hospitals in Hyderabad and then Karachi. "Shaukat has revived, but Yaqoob is still in a serious condition," Pervez says. Locals say at least two other Christian sanitary workers lost their lives cleaning the same sewer three years ago. Mir Hasan Aresar, a columnist and social worker, says there have been examples of intolerance towards minorities in this area. "Tolerance is diminishing, and it's worrying," he said. The government has announced compensation of a million rupees ($15,000, £12,200) to the family of Irfan Masih, but his mother, Arshad Bibi, is not content. "I want justice. I want the doctors to be punished so that this doesn't happen to another poor family." His father, Nazeer, said the first doctor did discriminate against Irfan and the others. "He said he was fasting, and the patients were dirty. His clothes would get soiled, he said. He asked us to wash the patients before he could treat them. "They hate us. They don't allow us to sit next to them because we are sweepers. The politicians came here because the case was highlighted in the media. Otherwise, no-one bothers."

इरफान मसीह पाकिस्तान के सिंध प्रांत में एक बंद सीवर को साफ कर रहे थे, जब वह जहरीले धुएं से उबर गए। 30 वर्षीय ईसाई की अस्पताल में मौत हो गई। उनके परिवार का कहना है कि डॉक्टरों ने शुरू में उनका इलाज करने से इनकार कर दिया और आरोप लगाया कि वह मुस्लिम बहुसंख्यक लोगों के बढ़ते भेदभाव का शिकार हैं। उमरकोट में बीबीसी के रियाज सोहेल और इस्लामाबाद में एम इलियास खान की रिपोर्ट।


Guided busway closed after bus crashed into Longstanton field

Summary: A section of a guided busway will be closed for almost a week after a bus crashed off the tracks, went through a hedge and ended up in a field.

The driver sustained minor injuries but no passengers were hurt in the accident at Longstanton in Cambridgeshire on Thursday morning. The incident would be a matter for the Health and Safety Executive to look into, police said. Part of the track will be closed until Wednesday. The bus appears to have careered off the track near the Longstanton park and ride site and travelled about 15m (49ft) from the track, through a hedge and into a field. A spokeswoman for bus operator Stagecoach East said no passengers were injured and an investigation would take place. Cambridgeshire Police said the bus driver sustained minor injuries. The East of England Ambulance Service said no-one needed hospital treatment. The county council confirmed a section of the guided track would remain closed until Wednesday.

एक निर्देशित बसवे का एक खंड लगभग एक सप्ताह के लिए बंद रहेगा जब एक बस पटरियों से दुर्घटनाग्रस्त हो गई, एक बाड़ से गुजरी और एक खेत में समाप्त हो गई।


Vice-chancellor of Canterbury Christ Church University resigns

Summary: The vice-chancellor of Canterbury Christ Church University has resigned with immediate effect.

Professor Robin Baker took over the role at the Kent university in September 2010. The university offered no reasons for his departure. Peter Hermitage, who is chairman of the governing body, said Andrew Ironside, strategic director for resources, has been appointed as acting vice-chancellor. Prior to his appointment Professor Baker was vice-chancellor at the University of Chichester and was pro vice-chancellor at the University of Kent between 2005 and 2007.

कैंटरबरी क्राइस्ट चर्च विश्वविद्यालय के कुलपति ने तत्काल प्रभाव से इस्तीफा दे दिया है।


Bromsgrove man accused of murdering missing wife

Summary: A man has been charged with murder in connection with the disappearance of his wife in Bromsgrove, Worcestershire.

Zobaidah Salangy, 28, was last seen at her home address in Charford on 29 March, West Mercia Police said. Nezam Salangy, 42, from Austin Road, Bromsgrove, is due to appear at Kidderminster Magistrates' Court. On Thursday, West Mercia Police urged anyone with information on Ms Salangy's disappearance to contact officers or Crimestoppers. Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, on Twitter, and sign up for local news updates direct to your phone

ब्रॉम्सग्रोव, वॉरसेस्टरशायर में अपनी पत्नी के लापता होने के संबंध में एक व्यक्ति पर हत्या का आरोप लगाया गया है।