What it's like being black and working class at Cambridge

Summary: Chelsea Kwakye is not your typical Cambridge University student.

Her mum is a nurse, her dad works in a post office depot, she went to a state school - and she's black and British. Newly released data has found that four-fifths of students accepted at Oxbridge between 2010 and 2015 have parents in top professional and managerial jobs. The figures also show that only three of Oxford's 32 colleges made an offer to a black A-level applicant every year over the same period. Statistics from Cambridge revealed a quarter of colleges failed to make any offers to black British applicants during that time. Chelsea, 20, is in her final year studying history at Cambridge. She told Newsbeat how her university experience had in many ways been shaped by a lack of representation. "I'm the only black female on my course at the moment, and in terms of males I think there are about two," she said. "There's so much opportunity to study such a breadth of history from all over the world, Europe, Asia and Africa. "But it has been difficult at times being taught by a white lecturer and then being the only black student when you're doing a paper in the history of Africa." "Visibility is definitely a problem. It's almost like a cycle where you don't see many black people at Cambridge or in courses like history so you think it's something that black people don't do." A spokesman at Cambridge said it currently spent £5m on outreach to encourage students from all backgrounds to apply. But in Chelsea's experience, she wishes the teachers at her state school had known more about the application process. "The main resource that I had to use was the internet, so looking at the website online and going on YouTube to find out about the interview process," she said. "But I remember at college my teachers didn't know a lot about the application process. "So I think in terms of access it's not just about focusing on prospective students, but also the teachers and how they're encouraging students from state schools to apply." Chelsea, who is vice-president of the Cambridge University African Caribbean Society, says the lack of representation extends further than race. "For me something that I do try to emphasise is that black doesn't always mean working class. "So I think we need to be careful when we talk about this situation as it affects white working-class people too. "But in spite of this I've had a very good experience - we can't let a lack of representation stop us from getting the best out of our time here." Find us on Instagram at BBCNewsbeat and follow us on Snapchat, search for bbc_newsbeat

चेल्सी क्वाके आपका विशिष्ट कैम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय का छात्र नहीं है।


Support for Iran cartoonist after lashing sentence

Summary: Political cartoonists, like other journalists in Iran, have to tread a fine line - taboo subjects change with the ebb and flow of the political power play among the ruling factions, making it difficult for commentators to determine the lines they cannot cross.

By Arash AhmadiBBC Monitoring For example, the lampooning of the clerical classes is generally not acceptable, but cartoons of former reformist President Mohammad Khatami, himself a man of the cloth, go unpunished. Current President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is not immune either - cartoons ridicule his looks and prominent nose. His falling out with Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei may have something to do this. So it came as a surprise when a cartoonist was recently sentenced to 25 lashes for publishing a caricature of a right-wing MP from Iran's Central Province. Mahmoud Shokrayeh's cartoon of Ahmad Lotfi Ashtiani appeared in the Nam-e Amir journal, published in the central city of Arak. It showed the MP wearing a football kit in the middle of a pitch with one arm on his waist, holding an award certificate in one hand and with his foot on a football. A number of Iranian politicians have recently been criticised for interfering in sports. 'Cruel' punishment Other Iranian cartoonists were quick to come to Shokrayeh's defence. Mana Neyestani condemned the sentence on his colleague as "cruel and uncivilised". He went on to call on others to publish more cartoons of the MP in solidarity with Shokrayeh. Other reactions followed. Prominent journalist and blogger Masih Alinejad published an interview with Esmail Kowsari, a member of the parliament's National Security Committee. She quoted the MP as saying: "I doubt such a sentence would be issued for just a caricature. An accusation has its own punishment." In another post, she wrote: "Mr MP, a caricature does not mean insult and rudeness." Alinejad also praised Mana for his suggestion of more cartoons lampooning the MP. This was followed by the sudden appearance of a number of cartoons lampooning Mr Ashtiani. Cartoonist Jamal Rahmati posted a simple cartoon of the MP, with a caption saying: "Mr MP, if drawing your cartoon leads to 25 lashes, please come and lash me too." Meanwhile, Vahid Nikgoo's cartoon showed Mr Ashtiani looking into a mirror with a speech bubble saying: "I'll take you to court and sentence you to lashes so that you won't draw me like this any more!" And comments by Iranians on the Balatarin community website were indicative of the mood. "If I had the skill, I would draw cartoons of this MP for a whole week and upload them onto the net," wrote Majidkhan. "A plea to all those who can, roll your sleeves up and get drawing!" "This poor MP made it worse for himself. If he had kept quiet, no-one would have seen the cartoon. He himself has made it go international!" said another. BBC Monitoring selects and translates news from radio, television, press, news agencies and the internet from 150 countries in more than 70 languages. It is based in Caversham, UK, and has several bureaux abroad. For more reports from BBC Monitoring, click here

ईरान में अन्य पत्रकारों की तरह राजनीतिक कार्टूनिस्टों को एक महीन रेखा पर चलना पड़ता है-सत्तारूढ़ गुटों के बीच राजनीतिक सत्ता के खेल के उतार-चढ़ाव और प्रवाह के साथ वर्जित विषय बदल जाते हैं, जिससे टिप्पणीकारों के लिए यह निर्धारित करना मुश्किल हो जाता है कि वे किन सीमाओं को पार नहीं कर सकते।


Abingdon stabbing: Teenager arrested over 'random attack'

Summary: A teenager has been arrested after a woman was stabbed in the stomach while walking her dog in a "random and unprovoked" attack.

The stabbing happened at about 10:30 BST in woodland in Boxhill Park, near Clifton Drive, Abingdon. The woman, who is in her 50s, is receiving treatment at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford. Police said a 17-year-old boy from Abingdon has been arrested on suspicion of attempted murder. Det Insp Ali Driver described the incident as "a random and unprovoked attack". He said: "Incidents such as this are exceedingly rare, and people in the area are likely to see an increased number of police officers while our investigations continue."

एक किशोरी को "यादृच्छिक और बिना उकसावे के" हमले में अपने कुत्ते को टहलाते हुए एक महिला के पेट में चाकू मारने के बाद गिरफ्तार किया गया है।


Space lasers to track Earth's ice

Summary: With new space missions come new and improved capabilities. And for those interested in what's happening to the ice on Planet Earth, we have two ventures this year that are going to make a major contribution to our understanding.

Jonathan AmosScience correspondent@BBCAmoson Twitter Ice is the "climate canary". The loss, and the rate of that loss, tell us something about how global warming is progressing. In the Arctic, the most visible sign is the decline of sea-ice, which, measured at its minimum extent over the ocean in September, is reducing by about 14% per decade. At the other pole, the marine floes look much the same as they did in the earliest satellite imagery from the 1960s, but land ice is in a negative phase. Something on the order of 160 billion tonnes are being lost annually, with most of that mass going from the west of the White Continent. The two 2018 missions of interest that will pick up these trends and extend them into the future are Grace Follow-On and IceSat-2. The former is the successor to the highly successful US-German gravity spacecraft that operated from 2002 to 2017. Grace is actually a pair of satellites that pursue each other around the globe in formation with a separation of 220km. They accelerate and decelerate in turn as they pass over variations in the local gravity field. It is a very small effect - a change in distance equivalent to the thickness of a human hair - but discernible to the microwave ranging instrumentation carried on the satellites. Because the gravity variations are a function of changes in mass, the pair are able, literally, to weigh the ice sheets sitting below them on land as they pass overhead. Its from the first Grace mission's observations, for example, that we know Greenland is currently losing about 280 billion tonnes of ice to the ocean every year. It's a significant contribution to the 3.4mm per annum rise in global sea levels. Grace Follow-On will work in the same way as its predecessor did, but it will also demonstrate a laser range-finder. "It's a first in space, and it allows us to do the ranging with much higher precision - a factor of 10 to 20 times better," says US space agency (Nasa) deputy project scientist Felix Landerer. "So, we go from that human hair thickness down to the scale of large viruses." Stop and think about that for a second - measuring the distance between London and Sheffield to the accuracy of the width of a large virus. This impressive German laser technology will form the basis of the orbiting instruments that will eventually be used to detect the cataclysmic collisions of the biggest black holes in the cosmos. Stay tuned. That mission to sense gravitational waves - it's called Lisa - will launch in the 2030s. Back here on Earth, the other ice project this year also involves a laser. IceSat-2 will fire six green beams of light at the Arctic floes and land ice-sheets to measure their shape. Simple but effective: the satellite times the return of the reflected beams and converts that into a range, which in turn is converted into an elevation. Again, the new satellite is a successor. The previous effort in the 2000s, known as IceSat-1, showed remarkable promise as an ice-sensing tool. However, its mission was blighted by fragile diode technology, and it could only use its laser for a handful of months a year. "IceSat-2 is a micro-pulse laser," says Nasa project scientist Thorsten Markus. "The strength of the laser pulses is much, much smaller than it was on IceSat-1, and we also have a very high pulse repetition frequency of 10kHz. Basically, the laser is always on, which makes it much less stressful on the diodes. "We've had some diodes running [in test form] for seven, eight years now. So, conceptually, one laser should last a whole mission of seven years and we have two lasers onboard," he told BBC News. The hope is IceSat-2 will be up and operating before Europe's ageing CryoSat mission dies. CryoSat has been pursing very similar objectives, except its "tape measure" is a radar altimeter. A period of overlap would allow for an inter-comparison. This is not wholly straightforward. The laser on IceSat and the radar on CryoSat don't range to exactly the same surface. In the former's case, the light beams are reflected off the very top of any snow covering the ice. In the latter's case, the radar can penetrate the snowpack for many tens of centimetres, depending on conditions, before scattering back to the spacecraft. Scientists have to use modelled assumptions based on the regional climatology to account for any bias. "It's an important consideration," says CryoSat scientist Anna Hogg from Leeds University, UK. "If you get an extreme melt year, you can actually get a new ice layer forming in the snowpack as water trickles down from the surface and refreezes. That's what happened during 2012 when the whole of Greenland experienced melt. "Afterwards, CryoSat saw a step change in elevation equivalent to a 0.5m increase just because the scattering horizon had risen. It made it look like Greenland had grown ice, whereas in reality it had very probably lost mass." Dr Hogg has just returned from Antarctica where she has been drilling cores to try to understand better the layering in the snowpack and its influence on the radar's return signal. She did this as CryoSat flew overhead, in addition to an aeroplane equipped with two types of radar ranging instrument. One used the same radio frequency (Ku-band) as Cryosat; the other used a higher frequency (Ka-band) which should scatter a lot closer to the actual surface of the snowpack. The thinking in Europe is that if CryoSat has a follow-on, it should be dual, Ku-Ka band to try to get a more direct measure of the amount of snow lying on top of the ice. This would be particularly important for sensing sea-ice thickness. In the Arctic, CryoSat does this by measuring the height (the freeboard) of the floating ice sticking just above the ocean water and then calculating the corresponding submerged (the draft) ice. It is roughly 1/9th above and 8/9ths below. "That becomes problematic in the Antarctic where the snow can be so heavy that it compresses the ice to the point that it's sitting at the water-line; in other words, there is no ice freeboard," explains Leeds colleague Rachel Tilling. While Dr Hogg was examining snow-layering conditions on land in recent weeks, Dr Tilling was doing the same with the marine floes surrounding Antarctica. She's hopeful that the data gathered as she cruised across the Weddell Sea will lead to some of the first robust satellite sea-ice thickness maps for the region. And, certainly, this effort should be greatly assisted in the short-term if IceSat and the existing CryoSat can also run alongside each other for a good period of time. That's because the differences in how each senses the surface would lead to a much improved description of snow loading, too. "It's a new opportunity that we haven't had before and can only mean we will get more accurate sea-ice thickness measurements. That's exciting," Dr Tilling told BBC News. Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos

नए अंतरिक्ष अभियानों के साथ नई और बेहतर क्षमताएँ आती हैं। और उन लोगों के लिए जो इस बात में रुचि रखते हैं कि पृथ्वी ग्रह पर बर्फ के साथ क्या हो रहा है, इस वर्ष हमारे पास दो उद्यम हैं जो हमारी समझ में एक बड़ा योगदान देने वाले हैं।


Dingle woman charged with Kyle John Farrell's murder

Summary: A 21-year-old woman has been charged with the murder of a man stabbed to death in Liverpool.

Kyle John Farrell, 21, was found with a stab wound to his chest at a house on Charlecote Street, Dingle, in the early hours of Friday. Merseyside Police said he died later in hospital. Farieissia Martin, of Charlecote Street, Dingle, is due to appear before Liverpool City Magistrates' Court on Monday.

लिवरपूल में एक 21 वर्षीय महिला पर एक व्यक्ति की चाकू मारकर हत्या करने का आरोप लगाया गया है।


Arrest over West Midlands PC hurt in hit-and-run

Summary: A police officer has been in hospital for four days after being hit by a car while on a call-out.

West Midlands Police said the 50-year-old suffered a serious head injury, broken ribs and a punctured lung. She had been responding to a domestic incident when she was struck in Hatherton Street, Walsall, at about 09:00 BST on Thursday. A 51-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of assault and is in custody. Police said the suspect had been located at an address in Birchills, Walsall on Sunday. The officer remains in hospital recovering form her injuries.

कॉल-आउट के दौरान एक कार की चपेट में आने के बाद एक पुलिस अधिकारी चार दिनों से अस्पताल में है।


Sporting events shine spotlight on Qatar's human rights

Summary: A Qatari poet is due to appear at the Court of Appeal in Doha, to ask that his life sentence be commuted. His crime: to have written a poem which was deemed to have insulted the emir and the ruling family.

By Tim FranksBBC News At the same time, Qatar is continuing with its preparations to show a very different side of itself: staging some major international sporting events - none bigger than the 2022 Fifa World Cup. So how far should the right to hold such a tournament depend on a minimum standard of human rights at home? 'Imports' It was on 24 August 2010 that Mohammed al-Ajami, also known as Mohammed Ibn al-Dheeb, visited an apartment in Cairo. He was a third-year Arab literature student at Cairo University. In the company of seven other people, Mr Ajami recited his latest poem, a paean to the Tunisian Revolution. "We are all Tunisia," Mr Ajami declared. "We are standing up against the repressive elite." He did not mention his home country, Qatar, by name. Rather, he directed his ire at all governments in the region. He ended by asking: "These rulers import all that the West has to offer. "So why then don't they import law and freedom?" The poem was recorded by one of the seven people in the apartment and uploaded onto the internet. In November 2011, some time after his return to Qatar, Mr Ajami was arrested. He was later tried and, just over a year later, sentenced to life in prison on charges of "inciting to overthrow the ruling system" and "insulting the emir". The right time? "He's only said a poem!" says his lawyer in Qatar, Najeeb al-Nuaimi, his voice rising in exasperation. Mr Ajami did not even recite it in public, but just "to his colleagues and friends inside an apartment", he adds. Mr Nuaimi argues that the poem was not directed specifically at the emir or the crown prince, but that offence was looked for by the authorities. "They brought some people from the ministry of culture, and told them to make an interpretation of this poem. Maybe the ministry of religion here can interpret the people when they have a dream?" No-one at the Qatari ministry of justice was available for comment on the Ajami case. But it was no lesser dignitary than Her Highness Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser al-Missned, one of the emir's wives, who in 2010 raised a rather pertinent question at the very start of her official presentation of Qatar's bid to stage the 2022 World Cup. Looking directly at her audience in Zurich - the men right at the top of Fifa - she began her speech: "When? When do you think is the right time for the World Cup to come to the Middle East?" The answer, from the bigwigs of Fifa, was "now". Qatar would be indeed given the right to stage the World Cup. The emirate had convinced the powers of world football that it could build the stadiums and the transport network, provide the preferential tax regime and handle the global media rights necessary for a World Cup. 'No transparency' But should the prize of a big sports tournament also hang on adherence to basic democratic values? Within Qatar, a tiny minority are willing to take the risk, and voice concerns. One of them is the academic, Ali al-Kuwari. His pamphlet, Qataris for Reform, questions, among other things, whether the oil-rich emirate is wasting its finite wealth on ephemeral "transformational" projects, rather than long-term investment. "There is no transparency regarding the public accounts," he says. "It's non-existent. "One of our fundamental demands is to provide us with transparency on the national budget - on the losses and gains of domestic and foreign investments." It has been widely assumed that most Qataris are delighted at the prospect of hosting the World Cup and other major sports tournaments. But even here, Mr Kuwari raises an eyebrow. "I can't say for sure if the people welcome it, because nobody asks the Qataris their opinion about this matter. Decision are are taken out of the blue and we have to accept them," he says. "Another example I can mention here is the construction of military bases in Qatar; overnight these bases were set up here, and the people had no say one way or another about the matter. "The same thing applies to the education system. There's no debate, no discussion." Contradiction Clearly, upholding political or civil rights was not a deal-breaker for awarding the Olympics to Beijing in 2008, or Moscow in 1980. But Mr Nuaimi, the lawyer for the imprisoned poet, and himself a former minister of justice in Qatar, argues that there should be some linkage. "It matters," he says. "We are making reform around the Arab world. Why don't we do it ourselves? We have to reform our society, our legal system, our political system. Then we can stand for any events around the world." Qatar is currently preparing itself to bid for the biggest bauble of the lot, the Olympics in 2024. A few years ago, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon warned the Olympic Movement that human rights abuses directly contradict Olympic ideals. For those who run sport, the question remains: how heavy should that contradiction weigh?

एक कतरी कवि को दोहा में अपील की अदालत में पेश होना है, यह पूछने के लिए कि उसकी आजीवन कारावास की सजा को कम किया जाए। उसका अपराधः एक कविता लिखना जिसे अमीर और शासक परिवार का अपमान माना गया था।


Iver fly-tipping: NHS prescription found in dumped rubbish

Summary: Rubbish including an NHS prescription, car hire documents and site visitor passes have been found dumped at the side of a village road.

The fly-tipping in Ford Lane, Iver, Buckinghamshire, was reported to Thames Valley Police. Officers said the "fly-tip blight" had been reported to Buckinghamshire County Council. The authority said it would be investigating the incident with a view to prosecuting any offenders.

एन. एच. एस. प्रिस्क्रिप्शन, कार किराए पर लेने के दस्तावेज़ और साइट आगंतुक पास सहित मलबा गाँव की सड़क के किनारे फेंका गया है।


Phnom Penh's No 1 ladies taxi scooter agency

Summary: In Cambodia's capital, motorbike taxis are everywhere - but it's extremely rare to see women drivers transporting tourists. Those who do are judged harshly. Katya Cengel meets the young entrepreneur trying to change that.

When they show up at a Phnom Penh hotel in their tight red T-shirts and skinny jeans, people tend to get the wrong idea about Renou Chea and her fellow Moto Girl Tour guides. "They think we're not 'good girls'," says Renou, a slight 26-year-old with long dark hair. "They think we're 'bad girls'." It is an important distinction to make in Cambodia, where women who associate with foreigners are often assumed to be "bad girls" - or women who work in the sex trade. "Sometimes they think that when we hang out with the men, it's just like for sex or something like that," adds her sister, Raksmey Chea, 23. The Moto Girl Tour website doesn't help, offering motorbike tours of Cambodia's capital by "young and beautiful lady drivers". Because they are all young and beautiful, Renou doesn't understand why advertising this might seem strange. What is strange, at least in this South East Asian country, is women driving tourists. It just isn't done, says Siv Cheng, owner of Phnom Penh-based CS Travel. "Mostly, you see, all moto (taxi) drivers are male," says Cheng. Many women drive the little Vespa scooters and Hyundai motorbikes that zip around the city - everyone does - but they don't usually carry tourists. Renou got the idea after an aunt told her about schoolgirls offering a moto taxi service in Thailand. Having ridden a motorbike since high school, and having studied English in college, Renou figured showing tourists around her city would be a fun way to earn money. Having also studied accounting, she no doubt saw a good business opportunity as well. In 2015 almost five million tourists travelled to Cambodia, according to the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism. Renou recruited her younger sister and Sreynich Horm, 22 - both as petite and pretty as Renou - and occasionally a fourth woman to be Moto Girl Tour guides. But before they took their first tourists on board their bikes in early 2016, they had to convince their families that they would be safe. Horm's father worried that a foreigner riding behind her could touch her and do other things to her - things "good" virgin girls should not have done to them. To make sure they kept their reputations safe, the women established a rule - no holding on to the guide, hold the handlebar on the seat behind you instead. When they have night tours and tours outside the city they team up. Still, friends and family often worry about the women carrying around large foreigners. At 4ft 9in (1.45m) and 6st 5lb (40kg), Renou is the "tall" Moto Girl. Her Vespa is more than twice her weight, but she gets upset when people think she can't handle it or heavy loads. For years she has been helping her father with his grocery store by making deliveries on her Vespa. Plus, as a woman, she believes she is actually a safer driver, something Hong Ly, guest relations' manager at Mito Hotel agrees with. "Tourists like girls who drive slow, not weave in and out of traffic," said Ly, who keeps a stack of Moto Girl Tour brochures on her desk. The Moto Girls may be on to something. In early 2016 Vespa Adventures motorbike tour-company opened a branch in Phnom Penh and began hiring both male and female drivers, says Alex Meldrum, manager of the Phnom Penh branch. An American man founded the original Vespa Adventures in Vietnam. But a Cambodian woman who plans to hire mainly female drivers in the group's other Cambodian location of Siem Reap runs Cambodian Vespa Adventures. Chanel Sinclair, a 31-year-old lawyer from Australia, was both thrilled and comforted to find female tour guides when travelling solo in Phnom Penh for the first time in spring 2016. She was so pleased with the attentive service she received from the Moto Girls, including regular cold water deliveries and help with bartering, that she went on three tours with the group. Renou would like to see more women travellers like Sinclair, but so far the majority of the company's 50 or so customers have been male. Scottish photographer Ross Kennedy, 44, took a custom tour with the Moto Girls in March 2016. To find more authentic scenes for Kennedy to shoot, Horm went to a region outside the city where her father has family and asked locals' advice. Kennedy's tour began with crashing a wedding in the morning and ended with a Buddhist blessing ceremony in the afternoon. "Those are the memories that make a trip special," Kennedy wrote in an email. In addition to being female, the Moto Girls try to differentiate themselves as well-informed guides who can discuss Cambodian art, history and culture. Finding the right spots are not the only challenges they face. There are the cultural differences as well, like the Indian customer who said "Yes" while shaking his head in a fashion Renou mistook for "No", or the man from New Zealand who screamed when he saw a chicken on the road. On one occasion Renou and her client were so absorbed in their tour of the National Museum that neither heard the alarm sounding the museum's closing. Renou finally glanced at her watch at 17:30, half an hour after closing time. As they raced to the gate, her client promised to book another tour - if she could get them out of the museum. "OK. Fantastic," Renou thought. The locked gate proved a dead end, but some workers were able to find a security guard who let them out. Renou's customer proved true to his word and booked another tour. Other difficulties are in the driving itself. Passengers unfamiliar with riding motorbikes sometimes lean to the left when they should lean right, says Horm. Then there was the tourist who got the wrong idea and asked her out on a date. She turned him down, not wanting to confuse her work with her social life. Plus, she didn't fancy him. Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and Twitter.

कंबोडिया की राजधानी में, मोटरबाइक टैक्सियाँ हर जगह हैं-लेकिन पर्यटकों को ले जाने वाली महिला चालकों को देखना बेहद दुर्लभ है। जो ऐसा करती हैं उन्हें कठोरता से आंका जाता है। कात्या सेंगल इसे बदलने की कोशिश कर रहे युवा उद्यमी से मिलती है।


Is the National Enquirer Trump's mouthpiece?

Summary: It's pretty hard to avoid the National Enquirer. Sales of the downmarket US tabloid may have plummeted since a heydey in the late 1970s but its sensational celebrity headlines still shout at shoppers from the sides of checkout queues across the country.

By Joel GunterBBC News, Washington DC That bit of prime real estate is where the magazine does most of its business, appealing to impulse buyers with stories of extra-marital affairs, surgeries, sudden weight losses and gains, and losses, and gains, and, increasingly, Donald Trump. Now the Enquirer has been drawn into president's latest intrigue, after the hosts of MSNBC's Morning Joe, Mika Brzezinski and Joe Scarborough, said top White House aides told them Mr Trump would let his friends at the magazine publish a damaging story about them, unless they apologised for criticising him on air. The president, who drew widespread condemnation after tweeting crude insults at the hosts on Thursday, denied their version of events, claiming that they contacted him for help to kill the story. Mr Scarborough says he has evidence. The story looks set to roll. Mr Trump is a good friend to the Enquirer and vice versa. He has penned self-aggrandising first-person pieces for the magazine and can reportedly be relied on to deliver a small sales boost when he's on the cover. He is also quite literally a friend to the magazine's owner, David Pecker, chief executive of publisher American Media Incorporated. The two have been close for decades. During the campaign, Mr Trump was the beneficiary of the magazine's first presidential endorsement in its 90-year history. Here are some recent Enquirer cover stories on the president: "How Trump will win!"; "Trump takes charge!"; and "Trump must build the wall!". An issue from the February before the election threatened to expose skeletons in the closets of the various presidential candidates. The Trump bombshell? "Donald Trump has also been hiding a secret - he has greater support and popularity than even he's admitted to!" There was a time when the Enquirer kept mostly out of politics, preferring celebrity peccadilloes and freaky true stories instead. Then in 1987 the magazine photographed Colorado senator and presidential hopeful Gary Hart with model Donna Rice, with whom he'd been having an affair. It was a huge scoop. Mr Hart dropped out of the race. Then in 2010 the Pulitzer Prize board conceded that the tabloid would be eligible for journalism's most prestigious prize, after a 2007 story revealed that another presidential candidate, John Edwards, had secretly fathered a daughter with a campaign staffer. When the magazine published unsubstantiated allegations in March 2016 that Republican hopeful Ted Cruz had affairs with at least five women, Mr Trump was rumoured to be the source of the story. Then-candidate Trump denied any involvement, but couldn't resist implicitly endorsing the tale. "Ted Cruz's problem with the National Enquirer is his and his alone," he wrote on Facebook, "and while they were right about OJ Simpson, John Edwards, and many others, I certainly hope they are not right about Lyin' Ted Cruz." The Enquirer gunned for Mr Trump's opponents during the campaign. It diagnosed "desperate and deteriorating" Hillary Clinton with every ailment under the sun, and declared confidently that she would be "dead in six months". As well as accusing Mr Cruz of a string of affairs, it claimed his father was involved in the plot to kill President Kennedy. Mike Huckabee was linked to hookers and Marco Rubio to a love child. Carly Fiorina was called a "homewrecker" and Ben Carson a "bungling surgeon" who "left a sponge in a patient's brain". Jeb Bush was allegedly a cocaine fiend. "Prez Trump" meanwhile, was "winner" and "a legend", and variations on that theme. The Enquirer's editor-in-chief, a rambunctious Australian named Dylan Howard, argues that the magazine's unstinting support for the president is driven from the bottom, not the top. He told Bloomberg that the magazine carried out an extensive poll of its readers and they overwhelmingly favoured Mr Trump. "My duty is to my readers," he said. "I made the decision to endorse Donald Trump. Nobody influences the editorial decision-making process at the National Enquirer other than myself and our editors. We have not been told, at any point, to go easy on Mr Trump." Whoever the matchmaker is, the Trump-Enquirer marriage looks to be in good shape. The two are a natural fit. Writing a column for the magazine during last year's campaign, Mr Trump recalled punching his music teacher in the eye "because I didn't think he knew anything about music". "I'm not proud of that, but it's clear evidence that even early on I had a tendency to make my opinions known in a forceful way," he wrote. "The difference now is that I use my brains instead of my fists!"

नेशनल इन्क्वायरर से बचना बहुत मुश्किल है। 1970 के दशक के अंत में गिरावट के बाद से अमेरिकी टैब्लॉइड की बिक्री में गिरावट आई होगी, लेकिन इसकी सनसनीखेज सेलिब्रिटी सुर्खियां अभी भी देश भर में चेकआउट कतारों के किनारों से खरीदारों पर चिल्लाती हैं।


NHS - planning for winter already

Summary: It's June, with some of the hottest weather seen in decades - but the NHS is already worrying about the winter. Sounds odd, but hospital leaders in England argue that if decisions aren't made soon, it will be too late to inject money in a way which will make a difference when the temperature falls and emergency admissions start rising.

Hugh PymHealth editor@bbcHughPymon Twitter There is a hint of familiar special pleading in a new report from NHS Providers - which represents hospital, mental health, community and ambulance trusts in England. The organisation has called frequently for more money for the NHS, and there is a tendency for its warnings about underfunding to be dismissed in Whitehall as "same old, same old". But the NHS Providers' call for more cash for this winter comes in a year with a tight financial settlement, where funding for NHS England is rising by just over 1% - considerably less than the previous year. Once again, budget increases will lag well behind anticipated demand. The organisation argues that there were "unacceptable levels of patient risk" last winter, with "unsafe" levels of bed occupancy at times. Boost social care NHS Providers makes the point that the government's commitment of £1 billion extra for social care funding in England this year was partly aimed at easing the pressure on the NHS. The idea was that if elderly patients could be moved more swiftly out of hospital, then beds could be freed up for new admissions. But a survey of its members suggests that only 28% of trusts have had a clear commitment that the money will be used to reduce the delayed transfers of elderly patients from hospitals to social care. Little more than a third report that local authorities are giving a high priority to support the NHS in reducing delayed transfers. The Local Government Association has rejected the trusts' concerns, arguing that the survey was carried out before the detailed plans for the extra social care funding were finalised. It also points out that there are other areas in need of higher investment, such as supporting those with disabilities, and the money was not supposed to be solely focused on relieving winter pressures. But, in essence, hospital representatives are saying that if the new social care money does not help free up many beds, there will have to be other sources of support to help the NHS navigate a difficult winter. Wish list On the NHS Providers wish list is an extra £350 million from the government for the winter months. This would be spent on extra staff and increasing beds in community facilities. NHS Providers members claim that they need to know by July at the latest whether any extra money will appear. That gives time for the recruitment of temporary staff and investment in more bed capacity. Winter funding promised in the autumn will be too late. The Department of Health says £100 million more has already been invested in reducing pressure on hospitals in England, and the NHS and local councils will be expected to work together to ensure people are not stuck in hospital unnecessarily. Ministers, preoccupied with the Queen's Speech and Brexit, may feel winter is some way off and not an urgent priority. But if NHS Providers are right, the window for winter planning is getting smaller every week.

यह जून है, कुछ दशकों में देखा गया सबसे गर्म मौसम के साथ-लेकिन एन. एच. एस. पहले से ही सर्दियों के बारे में चिंतित है। अजीब लगता है, लेकिन इंग्लैंड में अस्पताल के नेताओं का तर्क है कि अगर निर्णय जल्द ही नहीं किए जाते हैं, तो इस तरह से पैसे डालने में बहुत देर हो जाएगी जिससे तापमान गिरने और आपातकालीन प्रवेश बढ़ने पर फर्क पड़ेगा।


Week ahead in Parliament

Summary: It's the last rites of the 2015 Parliament - and in a frenzy of last minute deal-making, the legislation which can be completed will be rushed to the finishing line, while all manner of bills and other parliamentary business is dropped for lack of time.

Mark D'ArcyParliamentary correspondent Watch out for plenty of brinkmanship, particularly on a key amendment to the Criminal Finances Bill (see below). This will also make the whole timetable pretty fluid and prone to last minute alteration as new events are crowbarred in. A few of the MPs who are departing at this election may deliver their Commons swansongs - and the final PMQs could be a particularly bare-knuckle occasion. Meanwhile, up on the committee corridor, it's raining reports, as the various select committees rush out the results of their inquiries - up to 50 more reports should be out before dissolution. The subjects include: the Women and Equalities Committee on Building for Equality: Disability and the Built Environment; the Education Committee on Exiting the EU: challenges and opportunities for higher education; Scottish Affairs on Jobcentre Plus closures, and Public Accounts (which has quite a few offerings in the pipeline) on the HMRC Estate. Monday The Commons meets at 2.30 pm for Communities and Local Government questions - with any urgent questions or ministerial statements likely to be slotted in at 3.30pm. The main event will be the rushing through of the Northern Ireland (Ministerial Appointments and Regional Rates) Bill, which is designed to keep the devolved system in place while the political parties on the Assembly negotiate to set up a new executive. The adjournment led by the Conservative Richard Drax in on primates as pets - it will raise the issues highlighted in a petition of more than 110,000 signatures calling for new welfare standards for primates. This had been gathered by visitors to Monkey World, a primate rescue centre in Mr Drax's constituency, which calls for a change the law so that those who want to keep primates have to meet exacting standards of welfare that equal those found in zoos and wildlife parks. In Westminster Hall (4.30pm) MPs debate e-petition 172405 on closed book examinations for GCSE English Literature. The exams require students to learn and memorise as many as 250 quotations from 15 poems, two plays and a novella. The petition argues that the exams should not test the student's memory, but how they interpret texts. The petition has attracted 109,285 signatures. The scheduled hearing of the Commons Liaison Committee, the super committee of select committee chairs with the prime minister, has been cancelled because of the election. They now aim to hold a hearing as soon as possible in the new parliament, but since the new set of chairs are unlikely to be in place before mid-July, that may not be before the summer recess. In the Lords, business opens (2.30pm) with tributes to Sir David Beamish who has stood down as the top official of the House, the Clerk of the Parliaments (the Clerk of the Commons is "under-clerk") to be led by the Leader of the House, Baroness Evans. And then peers move on to a series of orders and regulations, including the Trade Union (Deduction of Union Subscriptions from Wages in the Public Sector) Regulations 2017, the Immigration Act 2016 (Consequential Amendments) (Biometrics and Legal Aid) Regulations 2017, the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2017 among others. Then there is a short debate on the report 'Race in the workplace: The McGregor-Smith Review' - which calls for all employers with more than 50 people to set aspirational targets to increase diversity and inclusion throughout their organisations - not just at the bottom. Companies should look at the make-up of the area in which they are recruiting to establish the right target. For instance, the proportion of working age people from a BME background in London and Birmingham is already over 40%, with Manchester not far behind. Baroness McGregor-Smith chairs the Women's Business Council, a working group that seeks to maximise women's contribution to economic growth, and was appointed by the then Business Secretary Sajid Javid, to lead a review of the issues faced by businesses in developing black and minority ethnic talent from when they start work through to the executive level. The Commons meets at 11.30am for Justice questions (watch out for fallout from the demise of the Prisons and Courts Bill, which has had to be scrapped because there is not enough time to get it through before the election) to be followed by a Ten Minute Rule Bill from Labour's Rachel Reeves. This is on fees and charges to unauthorised overdrafts, which are often higher than those for the now capped payday loans - an issue she has pursued on the Treasury Select Committee. She wants the Financial Conduct Authority to introduce a cap on the charges to bring them into line with the cap on payday loans. The day's main event is the committee of the whole House debate on the Finance (No. 2) Bill - which puts the measures announced in the Budget into effect - although the time pressure imposed by the election will probably mean controversial sections are stripped out. MPs will also debate Lords amendments to the Health Service Medical Supplies (Costs) Bill. In Westminster Hall, there's a Backbench Business Committee debate on Post Office closures (9.30am- 11am), followed by a series of debates led by individual MPs: the Conservative former education secretary Nicky Morgan raises Police and local authority guidance on dogs attacking other dogs (11am- 1.30 am); the Conservative Derek Thomas has a debate on employment opportunities in food and farming (2.30pm- 4pm); the Conservative James Heappey discusses Wells' bid for UK City of Culture (4pm-4.30pm) and the Conservative David Mackintosh leads a debate on grandparents' rights to access to grandchildren (4.30pm -5.30pm). In the Lords (2.30pm) peers bash their way through Commons amendments to the Technical and Further Education Bill, the Neighbourhood Planning Bill (there is now all-party consensus around an amendment to provide protection for pubs in the planning system), and the Bus Services Bill. Then comes the main event: the report stage and third reading of the Criminal Finances Bill - watch out for the cross party amendment in the names of the Crossbencher Baroness Stern, Labour's Lord Rosser, the Lib Dem Baroness Kramer and the Conservative Lord Kirkhope, to require a register of the beneficial ownership of companies based in UK overseas territories like Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat and the Turks and Caicos Islands - which they argue will improve transparency and help clamp down on money laundering. Finally, there is a short debate on support for the steel industry and its role in the government's industrial strategy led by Lord Mendelsohn. The Commons opens (11.30am) with Welsh questions, followed at noon by Prime Minister's questions - which, unless face to face TV debates are held, will be the only direct confrontation between Theresa May and her rivals before polling day. Then comes a Ten Minute Rule Bill from the SNP's Alan Brown, who wants to end the use of cash retentions in the construction industry. This is where a proportion of a sub contract is held over by the main contractor to sort any defects on the job - but sub-contractors routinely fail to get their money back in a timely manner or sometimes not at all, sometimes because of the insolvency of main contractor. Mr Brown is proposing a scheme similar to the tenancy deposit scheme which will provide independent protection. After that it's back to the washup, and consideration of Lords amendments to the Digital Economy Bill (issues in play include more superfast broadband, a proposed independent commission to set the BBC Licence Fee, a requirement that public service broadcasters are prominent on the channel displays of digital TV systems, and much much more), followed by Lords amendments to the Criminal Finances Bill (see above). The adjournment led by Labour's Chris Evans is on the effect of diesel fumes in Islwyn - his constituency. In Westminster Hall there are debates on school funding in the North East of England, led by Labour's Sharon Hodgson (9.30am -11am); the Colne to Skipton railway led by the Conservative Andrew Stephenson (11am - 11.30am) and learning outside the classroom, led by Labour's Barry Sheerman (4pm- 4.30pm). In the Lords (3pm) questions include the Green peer Baroness Jones of Moulsecoomb on refining the definition of domestic extremism to enable the police to focus on those involved in terrorism and serious crime - she used the Data Protection Act to access her police file, and found she was considered a potential extremist, and had been under surveillance by the police's "domestic extremism" unit from 2001 until 2012, including during her candidacy to become London's mayor. She is still pressing for answers about the surveillance and the alleged destruction of documents on her case. Then peers zoom through the remaining private members' bills sent over by the Commons - starting with the committee stage of the Local Audit (Public Access to Documents) Bill, followed by the Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Bill and the Guardianship (Missing Persons) Bill - and the Farriers (Registration) Bill. All will have their third reading debates the next day. In the Commons, MPs open (9.30am) with Exiting the European Union questions, followed by any remaining loose legislative ends sent over by their lordships. There may or may not be any. And the final debate of the 2015 Parliament will be the SNP MP Chris Stephens' adjournment on the cost of telephone calls to the Department for Work and Pensions. In the Lords (from 11am) questions to ministers include the Conservative, Baroness Couttie, the Leader of Westminster City Council, calling for legislation to regulate pedicab drivers. Then peers will move on to those third reading debates - on the Local Audit (Public Access to Documents) Bill, the Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Bill, the Guardianship (Missing Persons) Bill and the Farriers (Registration) Bill. And their final task will be to approve some statutory instruments on Driving Disqualifications and Student Fees, Awards and Support- although that last one comes with a regret motion attached, from Labour's Lord Clark of Windermere. So it is possible that the final act of the House of Lords in this Parliament might be to defeat the government. And when all is done, the mildly pythonesque ceremony of prorogation will follow, with much doffing of cocked hats and flowery cod-medieval language. Some MPs, mostly those who're not seeking re-election, usually come to the bar of the House to watch the spectacle. And that will be it until Parliament reconvenes after the election, On 3 May (following dissolution at 00:01 BST that morning) a meeting of the Privy Council will issue a proclamation to declare the meeting of the new Parliament with 14 June the likely date. The only business at the meeting will be to elect a Speaker. The next day the anointed Speaker will receive the Royal Approbation, and this will allow MPs and peers start to swear the Oath of Allegiance. This continues until Friday. New MPs then have the chance to go on various induction courses and are allocated offices. My bet is that 21 June will see the state opening, with the government's plans for the coming session announced.

यह 2015 की संसद का अंतिम संस्कार है-और अंतिम समय में सौदा करने के उन्माद में, जो कानून पूरा किया जा सकता है उसे अंतिम सीमा तक ले जाया जाएगा, जबकि समय की कमी के कारण सभी प्रकार के बिलों और अन्य संसदीय कार्यों को छोड़ दिया जाता है।


Four men bailed after Banbury child rape arrests

Summary: Four men arrested on suspicion of child rape following raids across Oxfordshire have been released on bail.

Three men, aged 44, 48 and 52, from Banbury, and a 47-year-old from Chipping Norton were arrested on Tuesday. Police said the raids were in connection with attacks on girls in the town between 2000 and 2007. About 40 officers were involved in the arrests at five properties, Thames Valley Police said. Related Internet Links Home - Thames Valley Police

ऑक्सफोर्डशायर में छापेमारी के बाद बाल बलात्कार के संदेह में गिरफ्तार किए गए चार लोगों को जमानत पर रिहा कर दिया गया है।


Coronavirus: A heated debate over cross-border quarantine

Summary: Nicola Sturgeon says she has no plans, right now, to introduce a quarantine period for visitors coming into Scotland from other parts of the UK. But by saying she is also "not ruling anything out", the first minister has ignited another heated constitutional debate.

Sarah SmithScotland editor@BBCsarahsmithon Twitter Ms Sturgeon says we are not dealing with politics at the moment, but with a virus that doesn't respect borders or boundaries. "Anyone who is trotting out political or constitutional arguments is in the wrong place," she says. But the first minister was obviously well aware that even mentioning such an idea would cause a huge political controversy. The Scottish Tory leader, Jackson Carlaw, has said the virus "should not be used as an issue to drive a wedge between Scotland and England". The suggestion of a quarantine was not the idea of impatient pro-independence campaigners, but was first raised by one of the most eminent public health experts in the country, Professor Devi Sridhar, who is also an advisor to the first minister. As experts now predict that Scotland could be on course to eliminate (not eradicate) the virus by the end of the summer, questions are being asked about whether Boris Johnson is aiming at a policy of elimination for England - or if the UK government is content to allow Covid-19 to continue to circulate at a higher level as long as it does not threaten to overwhelm the NHS. Scotland has been pursuing a quite separate policy toward lockdown easing for weeks now, with a much much slower and more cautious opening up of the economy. So the idea of a quarantine at the Scottish border doesn't seem completely outlandish to people who are now very accustomed to seeing very different rules operating across all four UK nations. If we can see local lockdowns being imposed on a city like Leicester then why not have rules about crossing the border into Scotland? It's clear the Scottish government has given the idea some serious thought as Ms Sturgeon drew comparison with the US, where some states have quarantine regulations, and the travel restrictions currently in place in different parts of Germany. In practice, such a policy it would be bound to throw up all sorts of anomalies. What about people who live and work on different sides of the border? Or families spread throughout the UK who want to get together for a summer break? And it would draw howls of protest from the hard-hit Scottish tourist sector, which needs to welcome visitors from the rest of the UK this summer if many businesses are to survive. Not to mention the extremely contentious question of how it would be enforced. Police patrolling the border? That really would trigger a political earthquake, even if it was being done in the name of public health enforcement. A Scottish quarantine would be complex and it would be seen as very divisive, at a time when all politicians say the coronavirus crisis is far more important than any constitutional debate. But that doesn't mean it is ridiculous or impossible.

निकोला स्टर्जन का कहना है कि ब्रिटेन के अन्य हिस्सों से स्कॉटलैंड आने वाले आगंतुकों के लिए संगरोध अवधि शुरू करने की उनकी अभी कोई योजना नहीं है। लेकिन यह कहकर कि वह "किसी भी बात से इनकार नहीं कर रही हैं", प्रथम मंत्री ने एक और गरमागरम संवैधानिक बहस को जन्म दिया है।


New plans for 900 homes near Coate Water in Swindon

Summary: Plans to build almost 900 houses near Coate Water in Swindon have been submitted to the borough council.

The proposals for the land between the country park and the Great Western Hospital are a revision of previous plans to build 960 homes. Developers had originally wanted to build 1,500 homes on 200 hectares of land, but scaled the project down following a public inquiry in 2009. Save Coate Action Group has been set up to protect the land from development.

स्विंडन में कोट वाटर के पास लगभग 900 घर बनाने की योजना नगर परिषद को प्रस्तुत की गई है।


Ten fire crews deal with large Landulph house fire

Summary: Fire crews from across Cornwall and Plymouth have been called to a blaze in south east Cornwall.

Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service said they were called to a "large two-storey building" in the Landulph area, near Saltash, at about 02:00 GMT. Firefighters said the house was "well alight" when they arrived and 10 appliances were eventually brought to extinguish it. They added they "attacked the fire from multiple locations" while tackling it. Related Internet Links Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service

कॉर्नवॉल और प्लाईमाउथ के अग्निशामक दल को दक्षिण पूर्व कॉर्नवॉल में आग बुझाने के लिए बुलाया गया है।


The super-tough drones and robots going where we can't

Summary: From arctic wastes to fiery volcanoes, ocean depths to distant planets, a new generation of rugged drones is going to places humans can't. But how do you make a super-tough drone?

By Mark SmithTechnology of Business reporter When it sets off on its arctic explorations, the Royal Research Ship (RSS) David Attenborough will be carrying within it a full complement of autonomous flying and submersible vehicles designed to lay bare the mysteries of the polar regions. One underwater drone or AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) that may be aboard come launch day bears the name Boaty McBoatface, the quirky moniker chosen for its mother ship in an online poll which was subsequently overruled. Boaty is designed to dive to 6,000m (19,700 ft) where the pressure is about 600 times greater than at sea level. Less rugged vehicles would be crushed completely at those depths. It comes equipped with a payload of sensors, imaging equipment, sonar, hydrophones and communications kit to gather data on changing deep ocean temperatures and their potential impact on climate change. One of the toughest challenges its National Oceanography Centre designers faced was being able to build a craft that could travel long distances under the ice without needing to recharge. Recent advances in microprocessors, much of it driven by smartphone technology, has helped change that by reducing the amount of power these drones need to run. "The vehicle is designed to draw a very small amount of power for its propulsion systems," explains Dr Maaten Furlong, head of marine autonomous and robotics systems at the National Oceanography Centre. "As a result it travels at a relatively slow speed, which in turn enables it to cover huge distances and carry out extended missions compared to vehicles that have gone before." Early last year, Boaty - or the Autosub Long Range (ALR) to give it its proper name - completed its first full under-ice expedition at the Filchner Ice Shelf in West Antarctica, where it spent a total of 51 hours under the Antarctic ice, travelling 108km (67 miles). More Technology of Business It reached depths of 944m, at one time travelling under a section of ice shelf 550m thick. GPS signals can't penetrate so far down, so navigation is tricky. Instead, it has to use dead reckoning. By using a point of origin - such as the mother ship - it estimates the direction and distance travelled, calculating speed by bouncing sound off the seabed and measuring the echoes. Its fibre-optic gyro-based sensor has an error rate of 0.1%, which means for every kilometre travelled it could drift one metre off course, the designers say. But to explore even further and deeper, new navigation tech will be required. And this is under development. Called Terrain Aided Navigation, this system essentially maps the sea floor, and these maps are loaded in to the vehicle's computer. Ultimately, the designers hope the robots will be able to "see" well enough to create their own maps in real time. "A long-term ambition for the ALR family of vehicles is to deliver on the potential and the ambition to complete a full trans-Arctic mission under ice, an environment about which we know very little at this point. "This will require the new Terrain Aided Navigation techniques being developed to be fully operational." Arctic sub-sea conditions are pretty tough, but the surface of planet Mars is even tougher, bringing with it a whole new set of design challenges. Two devices being developed by Nasa to survey the volcanic bowels of the red planet are currently being trialled on Earth, with their designers envisaging uses much closer to home. Lemur - short for Limbed Excursion Mechanical Utility Robot - is a four-limbed machine that can scale rock walls, gripping with hundreds of tiny hooks in each of its 16 fingers. Engineers from Nasa's Jet Propulsion Labs took Lemur on a field test in California's Death Valley in January, where it used artificial intelligence to choose a route up a cliff. Nasa's Dr Aaron Parness says Lemur's rock-climbing abilities could be used for search and rescue operations to help disaster relief teams. Finding claws that wouldn't wear down on the rock was a challenge. "We looked at titanium, steel, carbon fibre, carbide, tool steel," says Dr Parness. "We tried sewing needles to sail boat needles, syringes, lathe tools, even harvesting cactus spines." The winning solution? Fishing hooks. "Turns out that industry is really good at making things sharp, strong, and durable," he says. Nasa's other tough robot is Volcanobot, a relatively low-cost device designed to be lowered in to fissures and survive extreme heat. On a trial mission to the Kilauea volcano on Hawaii, it mapped the conduits of previous eruptions to get an understanding of how that style of volcano works underground. But building machines that can navigate over harsh terrain as well as deal with extreme temperatures has proven tough. Volcanic rock "is extremely sharp and hard," explains Dr Parness. "If you walk a mile of two across a lava flow, the soles of your shoes will be 100% trashed." So Volcanotbot uses carbon-fibre infused material in its 3D-printed parts to make them stronger and more resistant to abrasion. "It gets scratched up like crazy, but protects the electronics inside," he says. While the team has created casings and materials that can withstand 300C, the weak link is the electronics inside, which "tend to fail around 60-80C". "It didn't help to have a strong robot shell protecting dead robot guts!" Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Japan has developed a team of automated firefighting robots designed to cope with extreme heat. Equipped with GPS and laser sensors to help them navigate to the scene of the fire, a water cannon robot takes up a position then the hose extension drone drives to the water source, laying out hose along the ground. The water cannon can then unleash its payload, squirting up to 4,000 litres per minute. The system was put through its first trial in March at Tokyo's National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster, with its designers envisaging their use in highly volatile environments such as petro-chemical blazes. A spokesman for the design team said the aim is for the robots to fully-autonomous in time. Robotics expert Prof Barry Lennox says that reduced construction costs, better materials and improved sensors are driving the development of tough drones around the world. "Over the next five to 10 years I would expect to see even more complex environments being explored," he says.

आर्कटिक कचरे से लेकर आग वाले ज्वालामुखियों तक, समुद्र की गहराई से लेकर दूर के ग्रहों तक, ऊबड़-खाबड़ ड्रोन की एक नई पीढ़ी उन जगहों पर जा रही है जहां मनुष्य नहीं जा सकते हैं। लेकिन आप एक अति-कठिन ड्रोन कैसे बनाते हैं?


The tragic lives of India's mistreated captive elephants

Summary: For more than a month, Rajeshwari, a 42-year-old temple elephant in India, lay desultorily on a patch of sand, her forelimb and femur broken and her body ravaged by sores.

Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent An animal lover went to the court, seeking to put her down. The court said the pachyderm could be "euthanised" after the vets examined her. On Saturday afternoon, she died anyway. Rajeshwari had led a hard life since she was sold to the temple in the southern state of Tamil Nadu in 1990. She would stand on stone floors for long hours to bless devotees and perform rituals like pouring or bringing water to the deities. In 2004, she fell from an open truck on the way to a "rejuvenation" camp for captive elephants and broke her leg. She lived in pain ever since with a misshapen limb. Recently, she broke her femur when authorities used an earthmover to flip her and treat her. After that, say activists who visited the temple to check on her condition, the largely disabled pachyderm just wasted to death. Rajeshwari's tragic story mirrors the sorry state of many of 4,000 captive elephants in India, mostly in the states of Assam, Kerala, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. India, according to a World Animal Protection report, is widely considered the "birthplace of taming elephants for use by humans" - a practice which began thousands of years ago. (In comparison, India has 27,000 elephants in the wild.) In southern India, pachyderms are rented out during religious festivals for noisy parades and processions, including weddings and shop and hotel openings. They travel long distances in open vehicles and walk on tarred roads in the scorching sun for hours. (They have often gone on the run at temple festivals and killed devotees.) Elsewhere, chained and saddled elephants are used for rides, sometimes carting tourists up and down steep forts, or entertaining tourists who wish to touch, bathe and ride them. They are also hired by political parties for campaign processions, and by companies for promoting their goods in trade fairs. They are rented out for tourism in the national parks, used for anti-depredation squads, logging activities and lately even for begging on highways. According to media reports, more than 70 captive elephants have died under "unnatural conditions and at a young age" in private custody in just three states - Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Rajasthan - between 2015 and 2017. Some 12 captive elephants have died this year in Kerala alone. "Most of these deaths are due to torture, abuse, overwork or faulty management practices," says Suparna Ganguly, president of the Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre. 'Gross ignorance' It's not surprising to see why. Lack of space and habitat to exercise and graze in natural surroundings means elephants lodged in captivity are shackled for long hours in concrete sheds with stone floors. This is enough to make the animal sick. They usually get foot rot, a condition where their feet develop abscesses and thinning pads, sometimes leading to severe infection. When outside, constant exposure to the glare of sun can affect their eyesight. Ms Ganguly blames this on "gross ignorance on part of the keepers and managers". Then there's the poor diet. Elephants are slow eaters, and in the wild typically eat more than 100 kinds of roots, shoots, grasses, foliage and tubers. In captivity, their diets are severely restricted. In parts of northern India, for example, the animals have access only to glucose-rich dried sugarcane fodder. Vets say many of them suffer from intestinal infection, septicaemia and lung-related infections. The life expectancy of captive elephants in Kerala, according to a report, has dipped to below 40 years from 70-75 years a couple of decades ago. There's not even enough places to shelter rescued and ailing elephants. There are five of them in India - including three private rescue centres - that house some 40 elephants, not enough considering the high population of captive animals. Tamil Nadu holds month-long rejuvenation camps for temple elephants, where the animals can rest, get treated and interact with other elephants in a natural environment. Elephants are trucked into these camps from distant places and many elephants have had accidents resulting in deaths due to their inability to cope with road transport or because they fall down from trucks. India's Supreme Court has outlawed the sale and exhibition of elephants at a well-known animal fair, and directed authorities to ban the use of elephants in religious functions to reduce their demand. More than 350 captive elephants in Kerala and Rajasthan are "illegal" - they don't have any ownership papers. Despite adequate laws - including a powerful animal protection law and guidelines to protect captive elephants - not enough is being done to protect them, say activists. Lucrative trade One reason is captive elephants are a lucrative trade. The owner of an elephant in Kerala, for example, can easily make up to 70,000 rupees ($1053; £754) for a single day's appearance at a religious festival during the busy season. "For the first time in the history of India's captive elephant business, the murky underworld of elephant trade has been split wide open - decades of elephant trafficking, the ghastly nexus between poachers capturing young elephants and their collusion with private trade coupled with neglect, corruption and apathy on part of government departments have led to the unacceptable conditions today," says Ms Ganguly. The top court is expected to pass further - and final orders - on protection of the mistreated elephants soon. There may be hope yet.

एक महीने से अधिक समय तक, भारत में एक 42 वर्षीय मंदिर की हाथी, राजेश्वरी, रेत के एक टुकड़े पर बुरी तरह से लेटी हुई थी, उसका अग्रांग और फीमर टूट गया था और उसका शरीर घावों से तबाह हो गया था।


Cardiff Metropolitan University: Mumps cases reported

Summary: Cases of mumps - a contagious viral infection that causes swelling of the glands - have been reported at a Welsh university.

Public Health Wales (PHW) said it had received "a number" of reported cases at Cardiff Metropolitan University. It comes after 241 suspected and 51 confirmed cases of mumps at two universities in Nottingham. PHW and Cardiff Met advised students to be aware of symptoms and ensure their vaccinations are up to date. A university spokeswoman said: "We have been alerted to a number of cases of mumps at the university and have provided information to all students and staff, highlighting symptoms to be aware of. "We will continue to work closely with Public Health Wales to monitor the situation and to support those affected by the illness." What are mumps? Source: Public Health Wales

एक वेल्श विश्वविद्यालय में गम्प्स के मामले-एक संक्रामक वायरल संक्रमण जो ग्रंथियों की सूजन का कारण बनता है-रिपोर्ट किए गए हैं।


Covid in Scotland: Hospital ward closed due to 'a number of cases'

Summary: A hospital ward has been closed in Aberdeenshire after an outbreak of Covid was detected.

NHS Grampian said a "number" of cases had been associated with the Arduthie Ward at Kincardine Community Hospital in Stonehaven. Patients have been transferred to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. NHS Grampian added that the renal dialysis unit at the stie was not affected by the closure of the ward.

कोविड के प्रकोप का पता चलने के बाद एबरडीनशायर में एक अस्पताल वार्ड को बंद कर दिया गया है।


Man charged with Swindon hit-and-run attempted murder

Summary: A man has been charged with attempted murder following an alleged hit-and-run in Swindon, police said.

A 26-year-old man was hit by a car outside the Dolphin pub on Rodbourne Road at about 15:30 GMT on 6 March. He was taken to Southmead Hospital in Bristol where he remains in a life-threatening condition. Mohammed Shajeed Ali, 20, of Warneford Close, Toothill, has been remanded in custody and is due to appear at Swindon Magistrates' Court on Monday.

पुलिस ने कहा कि स्विंडन में कथित हिट-एंड-रन के बाद एक व्यक्ति पर हत्या के प्रयास का आरोप लगाया गया है।


Q&A: Press regulation

Summary: Politicians and the press have been at odds over the details of a royal charter to underpin a new system of industry self-regulation in England and Wales in the wake of the Leveson inquiry.

In March, the main political party leaders, David Cameron, Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband, agreed to set up a new watchdog by royal charter, with powers to impose million-pound fines on UK publishers and demand upfront apologies from them. The newspapers said some of the recommendations were unworkable and gave politicians an "unacceptable degree of interference". They submitted a rival royal charter proposal which has been rejected by the Privy Council - the body that formally advises the Queen. A final version of the government's royal charter was published on 11 October and approved by the Privy Council on 30 October. New press regulator: Proposals compared Political involvement: "Recognition" panel: Appointments process: Corrections and apologies: Arbitration:

लेवेसन जांच के मद्देनजर इंग्लैंड और वेल्स में उद्योग स्व-विनियमन की एक नई प्रणाली को रेखांकित करने के लिए एक शाही चार्टर के विवरण पर राजनेताओं और प्रेस के बीच मतभेद रहे हैं।


Demonetisation: Will India's rupee ban decide a crucial election?

Summary: As the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh holds a seven-phased election to choose a new government, the BBC's Geeta Pandey travels through the politically key state to see if the recent currency ban is an issue with the voters.

In November last year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi stunned the country by announcing that 500 ($7.47; £5.96) and 1,000 rupee notes were as good as garbage. Despite his insistence that the ban was meant to curb black money and put terrorists out of business, many analysts said it was motivated by politics rather than economics, and done with an eye on the Uttar Pradesh - or UP - elections. Since the rise of the regional Samajwadi Party (SP) and Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) in the late 1990s, India's national parties - the Congress and Mr Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) - have been often relegated to third and fourth positions in the state. This time around, the Congress has joined the governing SP as a junior partner in an alliance, and the BJP is making an all out effort to win back the state. In the past few days, I've travelled through several districts in the state to ask people if the currency ban - called demonetisation by Indian authorities and economists, and simply "notebandi" (Hindi for stopping of notes) here - is an election issue. Why Uttar Pradesh (UP) matters The Indian election no-one can afford to lose The "notebandi" has without doubt touched every life, in the big cities, smaller towns, and tiny villages, and everyone talks about the problems they've faced. But will it impact the way people vote? In the main market in Barabanki town, not far from the state capital, Lucknow, the trading community is seething at the "BJP's betrayal". Traders have traditionally supported the BJP, and in the past they have also contributed generously to party funds. But this time, they tell me they will not vote for the party. "Notebandi is the biggest issue here," says Santosh Kumar Gupta, who along with his brothers runs the family hardware store. "The public has been really hassled. The government set limits on withdrawals and even those little amounts were unavailable because banks had no money." Mr Gupta points out that in his address to the nation, the prime minister said the government had been planning for it for six months and that people would face minor problems. "But there were lots of problems. Isn't he ashamed of lying?" he asks angrily. "Police used sticks to beat up people waiting in queues to withdraw their own hard-earned money. All small manufacturing units in Barabanki shut down for weeks. Thousands became unemployed. "There's a labour market a few metres from our shop and every morning, nearly 500 daily wage labourers from the nearby villages would gather to look for work, but for the first time, we saw there were no takers for them." His brother Manoj Kumar Jaiswal adds: "Traders are very angry with Mr Modi. He first said it was done to curb black money. Then he said it was done to promote digital economy. "You can use credit cards and (popular mobile wallet) Paytm in cities like Delhi and Mumbai, not in Barabanki. People here are illiterate, many people don't have bank accounts or credit cards." The Gupta family has 10 voters and not one will opt for the BJP. In Gosaiganj, on the outskirts of Lucknow, I stop to talk to people gathered at a tea stall. Raja Ram Rawat, a 60-year-old widower, lives with his two sons and four grandchildren. The small plot of land he owns is not sufficient to support the family and his sons work as daily wagers to supplement the family income. "Since 8 November, they've not been able to find work even for one day," he says. I ask him how they are managing. "Earlier if we bought two kilograms of vegetables, now we buy only one. That's how we are managing." A farmer in the group, Kallu Prasad, compares the ban to "poison" for his community - it came just as the rice crop had been harvested and the sowing season had begun for wheat, mustard and potatoes. "Normally we sell a kilo of rice for 14 rupees, but this time we had to sell it for eight or nine rupees. We couldn't buy seeds and pesticides in time. Farmers who grew vegetables were the worst affected. Since people had no money to buy vegetables, they had to just throw them away." 'Bolt of lightning' In the holy city of Varanasi, walking through the narrow lanes of Lallapura area, where homes sit cheek by jowl, one cannot escape the noise of looms. Here, every home is a tiny factory where weavers work in semi-darkened rooms, using coloured silk threads to create beautiful patterns. Varanasi is famous for its hand woven silk and cotton saris and nearly a million people make their living from this cottage industry here. "It was like we were hit by a bolt of lightning," says factory owner Sardar Mohd Hasim, describing the moment of Mr Modi's announcement. Mr Hasim, who represents 30,000 weavers, says initially "about 90% of the industry" was affected since all their transactions happen in cash. "We had no cash to buy raw materials, we had no cash to pay wages to the workers. Nearly three months later, all my 24 looms are still shut. Most of my weavers are doing other jobs to earn a living." Varanasi has eight constituencies, and Mr Hasim insists that BJP will not win even one. "Why would anyone now vote for Modi?" he asks. One of his former workers, 40-year-old Mangru Prajapati, who is now back to work in Mr Hasim's brother's loom, agrees. He's the sole breadwinner for his family of eight - his wife, four children and elderly parents. "Earlier I would work six days a week. Now I consider myself lucky if I can find work even two or three days in a week. Survival has become very difficult." Rajan Behal, trader and leader of the organisation that represents traders, weavers and sellers, calls it a "major disaster". The ban, he says, couldn't have come at a worse time - November to February is the wedding season when sales peak, but this year it's been a wipe-out. The industry's annual turnover is estimated to be about 70bn rupees ($1bn; £835m) and the loss is estimated to be around 10bn rupees. A long-time BJP supporter, Mr Behal refuses to say who he will vote for but predicts that Mr Modi "will not win enough seats to be able to form a government in the state". The people have faith It's an assessment challenged by senior BJP leader in the state Vijay Pathak, who pegs the party's chances of winning at "101%". He says that there were difficulties in the implementation of the currency ban, but insists that they have been able to convince the voters that it was done in the nation's interest. "We started our campaign with the aim to win more than 265 of the 403 seats. Now we believe we will cross 300." That, he says, is because people have faith in "the man who's taking the decisions" - the prime minister. On this count, he's right - Mr Modi's personal stock remains high, especially with the youth. In Kukha Rampur village in Tiloi constituency in Amethi district, 21-year-old Tanu Maurya says she will vote for Mr Modi because he is "doing good work" and that the note ban was "a good decision even if it caused some hardships in the short term". Someone else voting for Mr Modi is Pramila Chaurasia, 19, the newest bride in the neighbouring Bhulaiya Purva village - as will most of her family and fellow villagers. Since his sweep of the 2014 general election, Mr Modi has not had much luck in state elections and he's desperate to reverse that losing trend. A victory in the politically key state of Uttar Pradesh would be a huge shot in the arm for Mr Modi and his party. But will the rupee ban help him or hurt his chances? When the votes are counted on 11 March, we will know whether it was a masterstroke or a miscalculation.

जैसा कि उत्तरी भारतीय राज्य उत्तर प्रदेश में एक नई सरकार चुनने के लिए सात चरणों में चुनाव होता है, बीबीसी की गीता पांडे यह देखने के लिए राजनीतिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण राज्य की यात्रा करती हैं कि क्या हाल ही में मुद्रा प्रतिबंध मतदाताओं के लिए एक मुद्दा है।


Covid-19: Ipswich and Colchester hospitals' unsung heroes of the pandemic

Summary: Doctors and nurses in intensive care departments have shared their experiences throughout the pandemic, but what of the army of staff who have worked behind the scenes to keep hospitals running? The BBC spoke to three people about the highs and lows of the past year.

By Laura Devlin & Nikki FoxBBC News, East of England 'I was perceived as a threat' The Reverend Linda Peall has had, as she puts it, a "rollercoaster" year. She began her new role as head of the chaplaincy service for Ipswich Hospital and Colchester Hospital in February 2020, just before the UK's first coronavirus lockdown in March. When people needed her support more than ever, it was no longer safe to walk from ward to ward to chat freely with patients, visitors and staff. "We're here for everybody - people of faith, people who don't have a religious belief - to support people on their journey, listening to them, being with them," she says. "We've had to completely change how we work." She and her team have relied on referrals for patients from relatives, faith leaders and staff, but with the latter often being too "overwhelmed" to do so. In supporting staff, Ms Peall says: "We've had to help them reconnect with those values [that brought them into health care], realise they are doing the best in difficult circumstances, and that's enough." With visiting off-limits, much of her role has been to reassure families and loved ones. But even that came at a price. A "very distressed" patient wished to speak to her husband, so the priest made the phone call and began by explaining who she was. "His immediate response was 'Who are you? Why are you in my wife's room when I can't be there with her? Have you got Covid and are you going to give it to her?'," says Ms Peall. "I will never forget that, as long as l live. "I've never experienced a time as a chaplain where I was perceived as a threat and somebody who might do harm to someone." From that "difficult encounter", she reflects more positively on the teamwork that culminated in her holding an iPad so a patient could watch a live stream of his wife's funeral. "He commented to me about his wife, how much he loved her and how amazing she was," she says. "That privilege of being with somebody in that most personal and important moment - that, for me, has been the highlight of the pandemic." 'There was a lot of anxiety, a lot of frustration, a lot of sleepless nights' The logistics of a hospital's response to a pandemic falls on the shoulders of people like Shume Begum. She is part of a team that relocates equipment, beds and staff to where they are needed. "It's been really challenging," says Ms Begum, who was only three months into her role as an associate director of operations when the pandemic hit. "We had to adapt to new ways of working - communication was key, and things were changing really rapidly," she says. Among the changes were expanding critical care units to ensure they could go well beyond their normal capacity. "We had to ensure we had the infrastructure, the equipment, that the environment was set up, bring the clinical operations together," she says. "Luckily in the first surge that didn't happen, but during the second surge, we went over 200% of normal capacity. "We had to bring staff in who hadn't worked in critical care, so there was the training element of that and ensuring other areas where we'd redeployed staff were safe." 'Covid is here to stay' She described a "culture change" among the workforce of adapting to new rotas so the hospital could take more patients. "There was a lot of anxiety of how we were going to do this, lots of sleepless nights," she says. "We had tears of frustration of wanting to get everything moving really quickly. "[But] having the teams around you has made me get through - and feel privileged to be part of it." She says the hospital and staff are entering a period of reflection. "Covid is here to stay," she says. "We are all going to be looking at what the new normal is and how we cope. "Seeing teams so easily conforming to what they had to do, knowing they were dealing with the sickest patients, and being part of a team ensuring they had the equipment to do that, was a high point for me. "The care those patients got was outstanding. I feel our teams have gone way over and above." 'I don't think we've seen anything like it before in terms of volume of gifts for staff' Mandy Jordan was well used to co-ordinating fundraising for Ipswich and Colchester hospitals before last year, less so in dealing with a delivery of 5,000 Easter eggs. "Someone thought 'what do nurses really need? I know, chocolate'," laughs Ms Jordan when recalling a surprise delivery. As director of charity and voluntary services, she had been promoting the need for a new breast cancer centre and revived children's department. Then the pandemic hit and she was helping distribute treats, personal protective equipment (PPE) and donated hot meals among 10,000 staff. "At first it was food that started to pour in and there were lots of reports of a lack of PPE and people decided they would make everything," she says. "It was dealing with the logistics, and you're talking thousands of masks and thousands of visors coming in on a daily basis." The charity team sifted through what was useful and compliant. "It was overwhelming," she says. "We didn't know what was coming in and we didn't know what we needed either. There was so little information. "We had gone from organising fun events... to logistics for something enormous." As food businesses closed during lockdown, many offered surplus stock or meals, with donations distributed as fairly possible. "I don't think we've seen anything like it before in terms of volume of gifts for staff," says Ms Jordan. Generosity is key. Whether its thousands of Easter eggs, a hot meal or people's time or money, the pandemic has seen it all. Applications for voluntary work at the hospitals topped 500 and a wellbeing fund, boosted by NHS Charities Together, will mean almost £700,000 is put towards mental health and financial support for staff and towards creating two non-clinical break areas away from the wards. "What we can learn is that our communities do pull together in a time of crisis," says Ms Jordan. Photography by Martin Giles Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email eastofenglandnews@bbc.co.uk Related Internet Links East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust

गहन देखभाल विभागों में डॉक्टरों और नर्सों ने महामारी के दौरान अपने अनुभव साझा किए हैं, लेकिन उन कर्मचारियों की सेना के बारे में क्या जिन्होंने अस्पतालों को चालू रखने के लिए पर्दे के पीछे काम किया है? बीबीसी ने पिछले वर्ष के उतार-चढ़ाव के बारे में तीन लोगों से बात की।


Tunisia tourism: The past, present and future in Sousse

Summary: Now that the UK government has urged Britons to leave Tunisia in the wake of June's gun attack in Sousse, there is a question over whether the tourist industry can recover. The BBC's Rana Jawad has been to Sousse to meet those whose lives are deeply entwined with welcoming foreigners to the town.

Sousse was the first city to introduce tourism to Tunisia, where it is now one of the biggest sectors. but an eerie silence on the sea front has replaced the happy hum of a throng of tourists that would normally be heard at this time of year. A few metres inland, there is a sadness echoing through the old city's abandoned alleyways dotted with idle vendors. The halls of hotels are mostly occupied by shell-shocked staff members facing an uncertain future. Here, three generations of Tunisians working in the tourism sector recount their stories: The past Mohamed Idriss, aged 92, was among the pioneers who started mass tourism after the country emerged from colonial rule. He sits upright with a cane by his side in the gleaming lobby of Bourj al-Khalaf - one of 20 hotels he and his family own in Sousse. He comes every night to sit in his office - it is perhaps an ageing man's way of staying connected to a legacy he started. Mr Idriss built the first of what would become the Marhaba chain of hotels in 1964, a family business he still oversees. The Imperial Merhaba - run by his daughter Zohra Idriss - was the scene of June's deadly attack. He does not know about the gunman's deadly rampage as his family were not sure how to explain it to him. Mr Idriss is a softly spoken man with a fading memory that belies the strength and confidence he displays. "I am the first person who established tourism in Sousse, not one of the first," he says with a faint smile. "There was nothing in Sousse before tourism was developed. And no-one had thought about building hotels… I saw the newspapers writing something about it and I said to myself: 'Why not try this?'" In the 1960s, tourism was of little significance in Sousse, as Mr Idriss explains: "Some thought it was a good idea and some thought it was bad [but] today you'll find that every businessman has thought about tourism." The city's wealthy families and other local entrepreneurs followed suit and went on to develop the tourism sector, and it remains an industry still dominated by people from Sousse. The present Fifty years on from the first tourist hotel, Sousse bears the hallmarks of any Mediterranean resort: Large hotels, discos, bars and fast-food joints with big neon signs. Loutfi Soula runs the Soula Centres, four big shops catering almost exclusively to tourists. His most popular is on the edge of the old city and sells everything from traditional carpets to bikinis. Along with his brother, Mr Soula started off by selling traditional Arab gowns, known as jalabiyas, from a tiny shop in the old city in 1981. A decade later he opened the first Soula Centre "selling all kinds of things like olive oil, ceramics, copper, leather and souvenirs and business developed automatically", he recalls. There was a dip in visitor numbers in the aftermath of the 2011 revolution which overthrew Tunisia's former dictator Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali, it started recovering last year but this latest attack in Sousse has struck at the core of the sector. Mr Soula is now worried. "We are not sure if we will have more tourists. This year there will be no business [and] I'm starting to think about closing one or two stores, because we can't pay all the costs, we have almost 350 members of staff." He takes me on a tour of his sprawling gallery and shows me the roof where he is building a cafe. He says he is considering stopping work on it because of the lack of visitors. "Terrorism is difficult… these are crazy people who are destroying the economy." The future What then for the tens of thousands of Sousse's young people who have set their eyes on the tourism sector? Wael Toumi will this year get a diploma from Sousse's tourism institute. He emphatically states that in Sousse, there are three career options: "Tourism, casual labourer or no job". Like others, he is incensed by the gunman's attack. He was working at a nearby hotel when it happened, but he has not yet decided whether to look for an alternative career. "I won't make a decision now, I will finish my studies and then I'll see," Mr Toumi says. Some have already lost their jobs after a flood of hotel cancellations. "I have to be optimistic because I just know we have to work through the hell to reach heaven. You have to be patient. " "Tourism for Sousse means 40,000 jobs, so if tourists disappear, it means 40,000 will be jobless."

अब जब यू. के. सरकार ने सूसे में जून के बंदूक हमले के मद्देनजर ब्रिटेन से ट्यूनीशिया छोड़ने का आग्रह किया है, तो सवाल यह है कि क्या पर्यटन उद्योग ठीक हो सकता है। बी. बी. सी. के राणा जवाद उन लोगों से मिलने के लिए सूसे गए हैं जिनका जीवन शहर में विदेशियों के स्वागत से गहराई से जुड़ा हुआ है।


Teaching boys that 'real men' would stop rape

Summary: Isaac, a 15-year-old boy, watched as a group of men grabbed a young girl. It was a bustling new year's eve in Kibera, Kenya's largest slum, and he knew she was in trouble.

By Louise Donovan, Felista Wangari and Hannah O'Neill BBC News global education He also knew he didn't have the strength to fight off those older, larger men. Having been taught to intervene if he sees predatory behaviour, Isaac called over another man to help confront the group. "Everyone started arguing," explains Isaac. "The group said the girl was their 'catch' and they had to rape her." After 20 minutes, they decided to let her go. "The stories you hear are shocking," says Anthony Njangiru, a field co-ordinator for the Kenyan non-profit Ujamaa, which trains boys like Isaac to help stop violence against women and girls in the slums of the capital, Nairobi. "Not everyone is so lucky," he says. Changing attitudes Mr Njangiru teaches a programme called Your Moment of Truth to boys, aged 14 to 18, in secondary school. He is one of many instructors, and the classes cover everything from sex education, to challenging rape myths, consent, and how to intervene if the boys witness an assault taking place. For younger boys, aged 10 to 13, a programme called Sources of Strength focuses primarily on body changes. The course takes place over weekly two-hour lessons, for six weeks, and each class is divided into two, with girls taught their own set of skills. Since the organisation first began, Ujamaa has taught 250,000 children in over 300 schools across Nairobi. When it comes to the boys, it's ultimately about changing their perceptions and attitudes towards girls. "If we, as boys and men, are part of the problem, then we can be part of the solution," says Mr Njangiru. "We can be the first people to change." Confident 'no' The programme has been working to stop boys thinking that if a girl said "no" to sex what she actually meant was "yes". Or that it was justifiable to rape a girl if she wore a short skirt. "They tend to use the girl's weakness to their own advantage," says Mr Njangiru. "If she says no, but she doesn't confidently say no, for them it's a 'go zone' - they just do whatever they want." The results are impressive, according to research from Stanford University in the US. Following the Your Moment of Truth classes, the percentage of boys who intervened when they witnessed a physical and sexual assault rose from 26% to 74%. Boys were also found to be less likely to endorse myths about sexual assault and the incidence of rape by boyfriends and friends had fallen. Among female participants in the project, there was a remarkable 51% decrease in the reported incidence of rape. Violence against women Sexual harassment has become a worldwide issue and these programmes in Kenya, teaching young people how to recognise and prevent sexual violence, seem to be working. Violence against women is a huge problem in Kenya. This worsens once you enter Nairobi's slums, where research has suggested that almost a quarter of girls will have been victims of sexual assault in the previous year. More from Global education The editor of Global education is sean.coughlan@bbc.co.uk The Ujamaa course was designed under the No Means No Worldwide programme, an initiative to reduce sexual violence in Kenya's capital. In 2010, they started teaching Nairobi schoolgirls how say "no", how to identify risk and talk their way out of trouble. If that "no" is ignored, they also learn physical skills - how to target weak spots such as eyes, groin and knees - to fight off attackers. Standing up But research suggested that much of the problem was from boyfriends and friends. So Ujamaa extended its programme to include boys, because as Mr Njangiru says, the ingrained attitudes of boys contribute to sexual violence. "In African society, men have been brought up with the belief that women have nothing to say, that men are the priority," he explains. "So we try first to change that mentality." The organisation encourages boys to feel "courageous" enough to stop any assault from happening. To do this, they teach approaches that range from walking away from a classmate who is bad-mouthing a girl to shouting at a potential perpetrator. "We want the boys to be confident enough to stand up for what they believe in," explains Mr Njangiru. "But we always remind them of their safety. They shouldn't be getting hurt if they're intervening in a situation. If their life is at risk, they should alert their companions or involve the authorities." Throwing stones Many boys talk about using the training in real-life scenarios. An 11-year-old schoolboy said he saw a man appearing to be about to sexually assault a baby. To help, he shouted, threw stones in his direction, and tried to grab the attention of others milling nearby. When the man realised he was being watched, he zipped himself back up and ran off. Isaac explains that the Your Moment of Truth training had helped the boy to intervene. "And it's given me the courage to decide to tell you this today." While the focus is on stopping violence against girls, it also raises the question of sexual violence against boys. "When we started, the boys were silent, they never used to speak about their problems," explains Jacqueline Mwaniki, another Ujamaa field co-ordinator. "But after the training, we find that they approach the male instructors and say: 'Hey, I have a problem, can you help?' They're much more able to speak up." 'Do the right thing' The Kenyan programme has been so successful it is being rolled out in Malawi and there are plans for a launch in Uganda. At the end of each class, the teachers do a "shout out" to ensure everyone leaves on a high. In St Joel's secondary school, in north-eastern Nairobi, 30 girls fill the dusty classroom with their powerful voices: "Get back, I'm not intimidated!" Repeating the teacher's mantra in unison, they chant: "I said no, don't touch me!" Just across the courtyard, the boys are doing the same. Dressed in white shirts and teal-coloured shorts, they shout and punch the air. This time, however, it's a slightly different message. "Life will test me," they yell. "I have to be ready to do the right thing." This story is part of a European Journalism Centre project about men engaging in campaigns for women's rights.

इसाक, एक 15 वर्षीय लड़के ने देखा कि पुरुषों के एक समूह ने एक युवा लड़की को पकड़ लिया है। केन्या की सबसे बड़ी झुग्गी बस्ती किबेरा में नए साल की पूर्व संध्या पर भीड़ थी, और वह जानता था कि वह मुसीबत में है।