Bloody Sunday decision reaction

Summary: Bloody Sunday was the name given to Sunday 30 January 1972 after paratroopers opened fire on a civil rights march in Londonderry, killing 13 people and wounding 15.

Forty-seven years later, prosecutors have announced one former soldier - Soldier F - has been charged with the murders of James Wray and William McKinney. He has also been charged with the attempted murder of four other men on the day. Director of Public Prosecutions Stephen Herron said there was insufficient evidence to prosecute 16 other former soldiers and two former Official IRA members involved on the day. Here is some of the reaction to that decision: Liam Wray, brother of victim James Wray "I'm relieved that that's happening obviously as we've been fighting for 47 years. "But I'm very saddened for the other Bloody Sunday families who have not got justice here today and whose hearts must be broken and sore now. "It's been a sad day, but one obviously that the Wray family are relieved [to see] in relation to our deceased brother. "There are a lot of sad, sad and heartbroken people today." NI Secretary of State Karen Bradley "We are indebted to those who served with courage and distinction to bring peace to Northern Ireland, and I have the deepest sympathy for the suffering of the families of those who were killed on Bloody Sunday and all those who lost loved ones during the Troubles. "Everyone agrees that the current process for investigating the past in Northern Ireland needs to be reformed. That is why we need to get the institutions to investigate the past set up quickly and completed as soon as possible. "We will set out how we intend to move forward shortly. "As this is now an ongoing legal matter, it would be inappropriate to comment further." Linda Nash, sister of victim William Nash "I'm feeling devastated. "I just feel let down by a law and a justice system that's supposed to protect people and bring anybody to book for crimes they've committed in the past - and it's just not happened. "The most difficult thing I had to do today was to call my children and tell them that there are no prosecutions for their granda and uncle." Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson "We are indebted to those soldiers who served with courage and distinction to bring peace to Northern Ireland. "The welfare of our former service personnel is of the utmost importance and we will offer full legal and pastoral support to the individual affected by today's decision. "This includes funding all his legal costs and providing welfare support." Alan Barry, founder of Justice for Northern Ireland Veterans "It's very one-sided. "No soldier should be charged. It happened 47 years ago, a line in the sand needs to be drawn and people need to move on. "Under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement, veterans are being left open to prosecution while terrorists have been cleansed of their past crimes." John Kelly, brother of victim Michael Kelly "We've had a terrible disappointment. "We have walked a long journey since our fathers and brothers were brutally slaughtered on the streets of Derry on Bloody Sunday. "Over that passage of time all the parents of the deceased have died - we are here to take their place. "The Bloody Sunday families are not finished yet." Michael McKinney, brother of victim William McKinney "Everyone deserves justice, including those whose loved ones were murdered by the British state." He said it was "disappointing" for families who had not received news of prosecutions, adding: "we are mindful of those families who received that news today, and believe me, there are many. "For us here today it is important to point out that justice for one family is justice for all of us." Colonel Richard Kemp, retired Army officer "We have terrorists who are being treated better over their despicable actions. "The very thought that one man now out of all of those involved - from politicians to generals to soldiers on the ground and of course those people who were provoking the situation on the other side - only one man is being held culpable for everything that happened pretty much. "I suspect the real chances of a successful prosecution against this man is very low after almost half a century has passed." Geraldine Doherty, niece of victim Gerald Donaghey "While we as a group of families and individuals may have differing views on whether or not the soldiers who carried out the shootings should face jail, or how long they should spend in jail, we are all agreed that they should face the due process of the law. "And they should do so in public. "The very few British soldiers that were charged during the conflict here were named, and the same should apply to those being charged now. "Killers should not benefit from anonymity." Gregory Campbell, DUP East Londonderry MP "When events which occurred on what became known as Bloody Sunday are focused upon, they are taken in isolation from what occurred in the days leading up to 30th January. "The Saville Report ignored those events, including the murder of two RUC officers Sgt Peter Gilgun and Constable David Montgomery, gunned down by a Provisional IRA sub-machine gun in the vicinity of the march just three days beforehand. "There is still a disproportionate focus on the small proportion of the 10% of deaths attributed to those who were attempting to serve the community in difficult and often very dangerous situations." John Teggart, whose father was killed in Army shootings in Ballymurphy, Belfast in 1971 "It's a victory for the families and a victory for them is a victory for us also. "I'm a bit disappointed that just one soldier was charged. "But I don't think the fight is over, I would hope the fight is not over, for families like ourselves [the Ballymurphy families], we are here today in solidarity with the Bloody Sunday families like they have supported us for many many years." Michelle O'Neill, Sinn Féin deputy leader "There is of course huge disappointment that only one former soldier has been charged with two counts of murder and four attempted murders. "But even the fact that one former soldier is to face trial is a significant achievement. "I also commend the dignity and solidarity shown by the families today in response to the decision. As they said themselves, justice for one family, is justice for them all." Colum Eastwood, SDLP leader "This campaign for truth, justice and accountability has been met with prevarication, equivocation and obstruction at every level. "In sharp contrast, the unshakeable dignity and solidarity of the families has been immense. "I welcome the decision to prosecute Soldier F. The absence of prosecution for others is not, however, a vindication of their actions. They remain unjustified and unjustifiable." Johnny Mercer, Conservative MP and former Army officer "An abject failure to govern and legislate, on our watch as a Conservative administration. "When I speak of a chasm between those who serve and their political masters in this country, I mean this." Simon Coveney, Irish deputy prime minister "Every civilian who died or was injured on Bloody Sunday was an innocent victim who posed no danger to anyone. "My thoughts are with all of their families right now. "A decision has been made today to pursue a prosecution and it is very important that no one prejudice that process." Ciaran Shiels, solicitor for firm representing some Bloody Sunday families "It's a very bittersweet day for our clients. I have five families who got great news today, I have 17 families who got crushing news today. "They are very clear legal avenues that are open. "What we do now is submit further submissions and ask for the decisions not to prosecute to be reviewed. "If the reasons given by the Public Prosecution Service do not withstand proper legal or judicial scrutiny we then challenge by way of judicial review in the High Court." Denis Bradley, former co-chairman of the Consultative Group on the Past "What we also need to learn today is that the criminal justice system is not the place to deal with legacy. "This is another confirmation of that which we have known, but which we have failed to grasp and which we fail to tackle. "Every time that people end up in the judicial process it's about innocence and guilt and it's very difficult to do guilt 45 years on." Doug Beattie, Ulster Unionist MLA and former Army officer "The PSNI looked at the evidence, passed it to the PPS and they decided - based on the evidence - to prosecute one former soldier. "This is the law, it must be respected by all and it is now for the Courts to decide. "I have long said nobody is above the law and nobody should be held to a greater or lesser standard than anyone else. "My thoughts remain with the families of all the innocent victims of the Troubles." Eamonn McCann, former civil rights activist "In emotional terms this is not the end of it, that's certainly true. "You would only have to be here and see the distress of some of the Bloody Sunday families. "Legally we haven't entirely run out of road yet, politically of course, many people including myself have been pointing out that the only people being considered for charges were lower ranked soldiers." Sir Michael Fallon, former defence secretary "I think it would be nice for everybody if we started to hear about some of the IRA terrorist cases being reopened and some of them being put on trial. "It's very important that if we're going to have a process like this, that IRA men are also investigated and where necessary, where there is the evidence, prosecuted as well. "It would be quite wrong simply to prosecute those who served." Jean Hegarty, sister of victim Kevin McElhinney "We'll make a decision on where we go from here and take advice on what further courses of action are available to us, if any. "There won't be any hasty decisions. "We're absolutely delighted for the families who have achieved a degree of satisfaction with the prosecution and we'll look forward to supporting them through that and we'll see where it goes from here." Bob Stewart, Conservative MP and former Army officer "In this case, this man went out to serve his country a very long time ago. "Mistakes were made, clearly, possibly by him, mistakes were made by his superiors, but they were mistakes. "They were not acts of deliberation and I think people should bear that in mind and he shouldn't go to court for that reason." Jim Allister, assembly member and Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV) leader "In 1972 we also had Bloody Friday, but IRA murders don't count it seems when it comes to this distorted dealing with the past. "The pursuit of soldiers while terrorists continue to go scot-free is now very much part of the rewrite of history so promoted by IRA/Sinn Féin." George Cowie, Army veteran "It's absolutely disgraceful. I did two emergency tours in Londonderry and south Armagh and there were procedures in place to deal with any wrongdoing."

लंदनडेरी में एक नागरिक अधिकार मार्च पर पैराट्रूपर्स द्वारा गोलीबारी करने के बाद रविवार 30 जनवरी 1972 को खूनी रविवार नाम दिया गया था, जिसमें 13 लोग मारे गए और 15 घायल हो गए थे।


Gleision mine deaths: Jury sworn in

Summary: A jury has been sworn in for the trial of a mine manager over the deaths of four miners at a Swansea Valley pit.

Malcolm Fyfield, 58, was the manager of the Gleision drift mine near Cilybebyll when it flooded in September 2011. David Powell, 50, Charles Breslin, 62, Phillip Hill, 44, and Garry Jenkins, 39, died in the incident. Mr Fyfield denies manslaughter while MNS Mining, the company which operated the site, denies corporate manslaughter. Eight women and four men were selected for the jury. The first evidence at Swansea Crown Court is expected to be heard later this week. The trial is due to last until at least the end of June.

स्वानसी घाटी के गड्ढे में चार खनिकों की मौत पर एक खदान प्रबंधक के मुकदमे के लिए एक जूरी को शपथ दिलाई गई है।


Friends tribute show reunion in memes and tweets

Summary: In the words of Janice, "Oh. My. God."

It looks like all six Friends stars will reunite as part of a special programme to honour one of the show's directors. Matthew Perry, Jennifer Aniston, David Schwimmer, Courteney Cox, Matt LeBlanc, and Lisa Kudrow are all set to appear as part of a tribute to James Burrows. So with Friends no longer "on a break", fans have taken to twitter to celebrate (although not like Ross and Monica at that New Year's Eve party). Here are some of the best memes and reactions on Twitter, using the hashtag FriendsReunion. @brigzap tweeted: "Me finding out about the #FriendsReunion." @ This one uses the "turkey scene" to great effect. @EderEditado felt like dancing, apparently. While @ashleymccuen decided to post this picture of Ross and a Martini glass. And @monhas99 used David Schwimmer's character too in their post. Confusingly @ The two hour show will be screened on NBC in February. But the network's chairman of entertainment, Bob Greenblatt, says getting the entire cast of Friends in the "same room" might be tricky. "I'm hoping all six of them will be all in the same room at the same time, but I'm not sure if we can logistically pull that off," he said. @MarcSnetiker is just hoping Jennifer Aniston is there. @DrakeBell tweeted this after discovering the news. Some fans are unhappy the reunion is only part of a tribute show - but Joey (sorry, Matt LeBlanc) can't wait to appear. @Matt_LeBlanc tweeted: "Should be a good time!" For more stories like this one you can now download the BBC Newsbeat app straight to your device. For iOS go here. For Android go here.

जेनिस के शब्दों में, "ओह. मेरे. भगवान।"


Belarusians struggle to explain metro station blast

Summary: Belarusians are groping to find an explanation for the massive explosion that ripped through a metro station in Minsk, killing 12 people and injuring more than 200, earlier this week, reports the BBC's David Stern in the city.

Belarus is on high alert after what officials now believe was a terrorist attack. They say a bomb went off at close to 1800 local time, at the height of rush hour, in the Oktyabrskaya station - one of Minsk's busiest. The explosive device, which was packed with nails and ball-bearings, and was equivalent to 5kg of TNT, was placed under a bench on the platform, they add. It may have been detonated by remote control. The Interior Minister, Anatoly Kuleshov, said the aim of the assailants was to "kill as many people as possible". Memorial On Tuesday, mourners gathered by the entrances to the metro station, where a spontaneous memorial had sprung up. Every few moments someone would step forward to lay a flower on one of the numerous rapidly rising piles, or to light a votive candle. In a recess off the street, there was a more formal shrine - six white boards with the names of those killed simply printed on them. In front was a low, red platform where an even bigger pile of flowers was growing. The crowd, which sometimes grew to a couple hundred, was for the most part silent. People stood as if rooted to the ground, facing the makeshift monument, their faces etched with disbelief. "I am in shock," said Lidiya Vintskevich, a journalism student who works at a local radio station. "I can't believe that something like this could happen in our town, we are so small." The Belarusian security services, which are still known by their Soviet-era acronym, the KGB, said a composite photo of the possible perpetrator was now being circulated. "The man is of non-Slavic appearance, up to 27 years old, and well-built. He was dressed in a brown coat and a woollen hat," KGB chairman Vadim Zaitsev said, adding that the suspect could have been hired to place the bomb. The country's deputy state prosecutor also said that several people had been detained, but did not provide any further details. 'No sense' Belarus has come under increasing political and economic pressure in past months. The United States and European Union slapped harsh sanctions on the Belarusian government, after it clamped down on the country's opposition following presidential elections last year. President Alexander Lukashenko and other top officials were forbidden from travelling to the West. Meanwhile the country's central bank is running out of hard currency, and many analysts are predicting a steep devaluation of the currency, the ruble. President Lukashenko already governs what is considered Europe's strictest authoritarian state. Many Belarusians do support him, however, in part in gratitude for the stability and law and order that he provides. Mr Lukashenko has promised to turn Belarus "inside out" to find those responsible. In comments just after the blast, he also said that it could have been an attempt to destabilise the country, and was possibly a "present from abroad". Many Belarusians are nevertheless at a loss to imagine who would benefit from such an attack. "I can't imagine why anyone would do this," said Stepan, a local businessman who asked not to use his last name. "I can't imagine what they would gain or what they hoped to achieve. It makes absolutely no sense."

शहर में बीबीसी के डेविड स्टर्न की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, इस सप्ताह की शुरुआत में मिन्स्क में एक मेट्रो स्टेशन पर हुए भीषण विस्फोट में 12 लोगों की मौत हो गई और 200 से अधिक घायल हो गए।


Hartlepool schools to be rebuilt in government scheme

Summary: Three schools in Hartlepool are to be rebuilt or refurbished thanks to £19m of government funding.

Barnard Grove Primary School, Manor College of Technology and Holy Trinity C of E Primary School received the funding from the Priority School Building Programme (PSBP). The first school is expected to be rebuilt by 2015. Hartlepool Borough councillor Chris Simmons said it was "important" for the children's future potential. The schools do not yet know how much will be spent on them individually and which ones will receive funding to support a rebuild or refurbishment.

हार्टलपूल में तीन स्कूलों को सरकारी धन के 19 मिलियन पाउंड की बदौलत पुनर्निर्मित या नवीनीकृत किया जाना है।


Q&A: The EU and Northern Ireland

Summary: Who wants the UK to stay in the EU?

By John CampbellBBC News NI Economics & Business Editor Sinn Féin, the SDLP, the Ulster Unionists, Alliance and the Green Party, as well as the Irish government, are campaigning for a remain vote. Who wants the UK to leave the EU? The DUP, the TUV and the left-wing People Before Profit party are campaigning for a leave vote. What about businesses? Big business - with a few exceptions - tends to be in favour of Britain staying in the EU because it makes it easier for them to move money, people and products around the world. Bombardier, Northern Ireland's largest manufacturing employer, has told its staff "it is better for our company that the UK remains within the EU". Many major Northern Ireland business organisations are officially neutral, as is the Ulster Farmers Union. The most high-profile local businessman in favour of Brexit is William Wright, the founder of bus-maker Wrightbus. He said he was concerned about immigration and the UK would be better off going it alone. How much does Northern Ireland contribute to the EU and how much do we get in return? The UK made a gross contribution of £12.9bn in 2015. Northern Ireland has about 3% of the UK's population so its contribution can be estimated at £374m. In terms of what comes back, subsidies for farming and fishing, alongside structural funds were £320m in 2015. Special peace and cross-border funds added about £50m - though we'll stop getting much of that money after 2020. There are also science, education and research funds - they're at least £10m a year. So Northern Ireland is probably still a beneficiary of the EU, or at the very least breaks even. What would happen with the Irish border if the the UK left the EU? People can move freely between Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland without passport checks due to the 'common travel area', a fairly informal arrangement which pre-dates the creation of the EU. Both the UK and Irish governments would push to see it continue even if the UK left the EU. But we can't be certain that it will - legal experts suggest it could only continue with the agreement of other EU countries. If there's no agreement we could either see a harder border or more checks when travelling to Great Britain from any part of the island of Ireland. There's also a possibility we could see the return of customs posts. If a post-Brexit trade deal didn't include free access to markets then things like tariffs would have to be enforced at the border. Is there much EU migration to Northern Ireland? The last census, which dates from 2011, recorded 83,000 people from elsewhere in the EU living in Northern Ireland. Of that group 37,000 were from the Republic of Ireland. Medical card data estimates that about 4,000 people from the EU came to live here last year, of which about 750 were from the Republic, but we don't have any reliable figures on how many left. The vast majority of EU citizens coming to the UK say they're here to work - and the figures bear that out. In 2015 men from newer EU countries living in the UK had a 90% employment rate compared to 78% among UK-born men. What would the impact of Brexit be on the Northern Ireland economy? The consensus among economists is that Brexit would disrupt trading relationships and make the UK less attractive to foreign investors. A number of reports from research organisations have said Northern Ireland would be particularly vulnerable because of the structure of its economy. For example food, beverages and agricultural products make up 35% of Northern Ireland's exports to the EU, while for the rest of the UK the sector makes up only 10%. Those products could face high tariffs if a free trade deal cannot be reached between the UK and the EU. Dr Graham Gudgin, one of the small number of prominent pro-Brexit economists, has said leaving would not have "much effect" on the Northern Ireland economy.

कौन चाहता है कि ब्रिटेन यूरोपीय संघ में रहे?


Library opening hours in Wiltshire to be reduced

Summary: Opening hours at 21 libraries in Wiltshire are to be reduced due to spending cuts.

At a meeting on Tuesday, Wiltshire councillors decided all the county's 31 libraries would remain open. The authority had said it was looking for "innovative ways" to retain all the libraries. The remaining 10 will be managed by volunteers. The cabinet also decided the new Pewsey Library will be able to open for three hours on a Saturday.

खर्च में कटौती के कारण विल्टशायर में 21 पुस्तकालयों में खुलने का समय कम किया जाना है।


EU referendum calls continue

Summary: The latest Tory call for an EU referendum - delivered to the prime minister last night by backbench awkward squaddie John Baron and an anonymous accomplice - adds new data to the eurosceptic numbers game among Conservative MPs.

Mark D'ArcyParliamentary correspondent The backbench motion calling for a referendum, last October, was supported by 81 Tory rebels; now "100 plus" Conservative MPs, including some ministerial aides, have backed Mr Baron's call for the government to legislate for a referendum after the next election - and Mr Baron adds that he could have collected more signatures, but wanted to deliver his letter in good time. In short, he thinks he has the support of practically every Conservative MP outside the government, and he expects that fact to weigh heavily on the PM. His proposal is to commit the next government to holding a referendum, and put whoever is in charge in the position of having to repeal a law, if they want to avoid the referendum. More than that, party leaders would certainly face questions about whether they would go ahead with the referendum, in the course of the next election campaign. One key detail is not set out: the question which would be put to the public at the referendum. Mr Baron argues that, two years from now, the EU is likely to have been transformed by the euro crisis, and it is impossible to know what kind of organisation it will have become. So he proposes that the referendum question should be on the "nature of our relationship with the EU". There's plenty of euro-sceptic activity in the undergrowth at the moment - with cross party discussions about the response, if there is, for example, a collapse of confidence in another euro-zone country, or the expulsion of one of the member states from the single currency. Next week, David Cameron will report back to MPs on the outcome of the latest EU summit. He can expect a rough ride. And that will be just another step in what promises to be an unrelenting campaign.

यूरोपीय संघ जनमत संग्रह के लिए नवीनतम टोरी कॉल-पिछली रात बैकबेंच के अजीब दस्ते के सदस्य जॉन बैरन और एक अनाम सहयोगी द्वारा प्रधान मंत्री को दिया गया-कंजर्वेटिव सांसदों के बीच यूरोसेप्टिक नंबर गेम में नया डेटा जोड़ता है।


Kazakhstan: Surgical clamp found in man after 13 years

Summary: Doctors in Kazakhstan who examined a man complaining he'd lost his appetite have found a surgical clamp lodged inside him, left over from surgery more than a decade ago, it's been reported.

News from Elsewhere...... media reports from around the world, found by BBC Monitoring The patient had been walking around with the 20cm (8in) lump of metal in his gut since undergoing an operation in the city of Shakhtinsk 13 years ago, the Novy Vestnik newspaper reports. A surgeon had forgotten to remove the clamp during an abdominal operation, but the man noticed nothing until this summer, when his wife sent him to the local clinic after he went off his food. Doctors were initially at a loss to explain his symptoms, until they tried an X-ray scan. "I've never seen anything like it - at least not lasting this long," says radiologist Baurzhan Aibayev. "Foreign objects usually cause some sort of medical problem, but in this case he felt nothing for more than 12 years!" The Kazakh Medical and Pharmaceutical Oversight Committee tells Novy Vestnik that it won't take any steps against the absent-minded surgeon, as no one has filed a complaint, a decision echoed by the hospital in question. The patient himself is to undergo another operation to remove the wayward clamp. "It's difficult to imagine someone who's about to go under the knife picking a fight with the doctors," the paper concludes. Use #NewsfromElsewhere to stay up-to-date with our reports via Twitter.

कजाकिस्तान में डॉक्टरों ने एक आदमी की जांच की जिसमें शिकायत की गई थी कि वह अपनी भूख खो चुका है, उन्हें उसके अंदर एक सर्जिकल क्लैंप मिला है, जो एक दशक से अधिक समय पहले की सर्जरी से बचा हुआ है।


The Pentagon accidentally retweets call for Trump to resign

Summary: It holds nuclear missile codes, it's in charge of the security of the United States, and its ultimate boss, the US president, is a prolific tweeter. But when it comes to handling its own Twitter account, the Pentagon could do with improving its skills.

By Rozina SiniBBC UGC & Social News On Thursday the US Department of Defense accidentally retweeted a tweet calling for Donald Trump to resign as US president. The original tweet which also called for two other US politicians to step down following sexual harassment allegations was tweeted from an account belonging to @ProudResister, an anti-Trump activist. It said: "The solution is simple. Roy Moore: Step down from the race. Al Franken: Resign from congress, Donald Trump: Resign from the presidency. GOP: Stop making sexual assault a partisan issue. It's a crime as is your hypocrisy." The Pentagon's main account retweeted the message to its 5.2 million followers before quickly deleting it. But the embarrassing blunder did not go unnoticed. A screen shot of the Pentagon's retweet was itself retweeted and shared, and the reaction to it was swift. "Uh someone made a mistake," posted one Twitter user. Another user tweeted: "Looks like that ex-Twitter employee found a new gig at the Pentagon," referring to a similar social media blunder earlier this month when a Twitter employee deactivated President Trump's account on their last day in the job. At the time, the president brushed off the 11-minute Twitter outage, but the incident raised questions about the security of President Trump's account. You might like: Chief Pentagon spokesperson Dana White tweeted an explanation of how the post got out to its followers. But many social media users were dissatisfied by the response. "Are we supposed to believe this was done by mistake? Somebody in @DeptofDefense needs to be fired along with anybody working with them," posted one Twitter user. However, another saw the funny side and tweeted a joke response from the Pentagon: "There has been no coup. The President is safe." Next story from Trending: A failed alt-right hoax to make Sweden's flag 'Islamic' Internet pranksters tried to start a hoax campaign to change the cross on the Swedish flag to a Turkish-style crescent and star.READ MORE You can follow BBC Trending on Twitter @BBCtrending, and find us on Facebook. All our stories are at bbc.com/trending.

यह परमाणु मिसाइल कोड रखता है, यह संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका की सुरक्षा का प्रभारी है, और इसके अंतिम बॉस, अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति, एक विपुल ट्वीटर हैं। लेकिन जब अपने स्वयं के ट्विटर खाते को संभालने की बात आती है, तो पेंटागन अपने कौशल में सुधार कर सकता है।


Policing the remote Himalayas

Summary: Most of the annual hordes of trekkers left the slopes of Nepal's Himalayas weeks ago, after the monsoon rains descended. But police remain in the region - investigating the death of a young Belgian woman and the disappearance of a British man.

By Surendra PhuyalBBC Nepali, Kathmandu The headless body of Debbie Maveau, 23, was found on 14 June on a forest slope below the Gosaikunda trekking trail, more than two weeks after she went missing. "Her body was decomposed when we found it. Her head was two or three feet below her body," says Achyut Pudasaini, a police officer based in Dhunche, near Langtang, where her body was found, told the BBC. "It wasn't clear how that happened." Closer to Everest base camp, British trekker Zisimos Alexander Souflas, 27, has been missing since 23 April, when at the break of dawn he reportedly left his guesthouse at Namche Bazar, a popular Sherpa hamlet en route to the camp. Investigations in the remote Himalayas are challenging at the best of times, but as the police continue their work through the wet summer months they face serious obstacles. Nepal's mountainous terrain - prone to natural disasters such as landslides, floods and avalanches - makes searches for missing trekkers a difficult task. There is no dedicated search and rescue unit, so this is a job for local police. And apart from the challenge of the elements, wild animals roam the area, complicating the task of finding and identifying bodies, police say. They still do not know what happened to Debbie Maveau. "Even the post-mortem report couldn't determine the cause of her death and that is what makes Maveau's case very complicated for us to investigate. All her belongings and money were intact with her body," says Pudaisini. "The trail is generally very quiet and the weather isn't too good - with floods and landslides, the investigation isn't yielding much." Searches for Souflas have been equally fruitless. "It's raining continuously, very foggy and misty, and the trails are either slippery or landslide prone but we haven't given up," says Tukaram Adhikari, a junior police officer at Namche Bazaar police station, and part of the investigation team. "We don't have adequate mountain gear and search equipment, but all the police staff in four stations in the Everest region are alert and working hard to trace his whereabouts," says Adhikari. After combing all the trails in the area, Adhikari says his police team searched the area around Imja glacial lake at 5,010m (16,437 ft). "It was snowy and the lake was frozen and that made it very risky to move around," he says. "It was a very tough climb. One of our colleagues even suffered high altitude sickness, and had to be carried down." Police say they haven't give up hope of a breakthrough. The Trekking Agencies' Association of Nepal (TAAN) says the chances of something untoward happening in the mountains are low. Of the 735,000 foreign tourists who visited Nepal in 2011, about 35%, or a quarter of a million, went trekking, according to Nepal's trekking agents' association. "It's very safe, too, so long as you are physically fit to do it, have the necessary gear and take proper safety and security measures such as hiring a guide and registering your movements at several entry and exit points," says TAAN's Gangaram Pant. The registration system for trekkers - the Trekkers' Information Management System (TIMS) - requires climbers to check in at points along their route - if they go missing, information is always stored about their last known location. "Unless you are registered, nobody will have a clue where you could be. If you slip and fall and break your back who is going to help you? Wildlife definitely won't," says Dawa Steven Sherpa, who has climbed Everest. Tourism officials say trekkers should always have someone with them, and new laws to make it compulsory for foreign trekkers to employ guides are being considered by the home and tourism ministry. The UK Foreign Office also warns trekkers against walking alone, or becoming separated from their group at any time. "There have been reports of trekkers being robbed where violence or the direct threat of violence has been used. Isolated incidences of rape have also been reported on trekking routes, and female travellers in particular should stay vigilant," its website states. "Since 2003, four British nationals and eight other foreign nationals who had been trekking alone were reported missing." Miracles do happen. Last year, a missing Japanese trekker, Makiko Iwafuchi, 49, survived on leaves and bamboo shoots for two weeks before she was rescued. In February 1992 an Australian trekker, James Scott, then 22, was rescued alive after 42 days without proper food, water or shelter. His sister flew from Brisbane to mount a long and arduous rescue mission. Not every missing trekker in the Himalayas will be as lucky. And police warn that as the monsoon rains continue, the task of finding out what happened in the Maveau and Souflas cases gets that much harder.

ट्रेकर्स की अधिकांश वार्षिक भीड़ ने मानसून की बारिश के बाद नेपाल के हिमालय की ढलानों को हफ्तों पहले छोड़ दिया था। लेकिन पुलिस इस क्षेत्र में बनी हुई है-बेल्जियम की एक युवा महिला की मौत और एक ब्रिटिश व्यक्ति के लापता होने की जांच।


London cyclist dies three days after crash with lorry

Summary: A cyclist has died three days after a collision involving a lorry in the City of London.

The 26-year-old woman was cycling on Ludgate Hill, close to the junction with Farringdon Street, when the crash happened at about 11:30 BST on Friday. She was taken to the Royal London Hospital where she died on Monday morning. City of London Police said the lorry driver had not been arrested but officers were investigating the crash.

लंदन शहर में एक लॉरी की टक्कर के तीन दिन बाद एक साइकिल चालक की मौत हो गई है।


Polar vortex: How to survive extreme cold

Summary: An Arctic freeze has been sweeping across North America, bringing temperatures as low as -40C (-40F) with wind chill in some cities. What are the risks of extreme cold and how can you avoid them, asks Aidan Lewis.

Magazine MonitorA collection of cultural artefacts Plummeting temperatures and icy winds present two main dangers. Hypothermia, in which your body shuts down after reaching an abnormally low temperature, and frostbite, an injury to the body caused by freezing. This is most common on extremities such as fingers and toes, but can affect eyelashes. Sitting out a cold snap indoors, with plentiful stocks of food, water and medicine, is one solution. Taps can be kept open at a drip to stop pipes freezing. Pets can be brought inside. Many schools and offices in the worst affected areas have been closed. But those still needing to make essential trips are advised to wear several layers of loose fitting clothing, with a wicking layer at the base that won't leave moisture on the skin, and a tightly woven outer layer. Mittens are warmer than gloves. Hand or foot warmers can be placed inside a glove or inside a boot, though these may not heat the tips of fingers or toes. Goggles or glasses can help keep the temperature around the eyes stable, says John Stone of Survival Systems in Halifax, Canada, though eyelashes are only likely to freeze together if they're wet. Eyeballs, he says, are likely to be fine in these temperatures. Earrings and facial jewellery should be removed, he says. "The temperature of the metal is going to become very cold very quickly, much more quickly than the skin temperature." Caffeine and alcohol cause your body to lose heat more rapidly. It's best to seek shelter if you feel your body temperature dropping. Chicago, where temperatures dropped to -27C (-16F), was extending the opening hours at warming centres across the city. Vehicles, like homes, should be well-stocked with emergency supplies. Though petrol (gas) only freezes at about -60C (-76F), diesel can clog at -10C (14F) and needs to be "winter-weighted". Tyres can freeze solid, which makes for a bumpy start to a journey but is unlikely to damage them, says Stone. "It's like driving a Fred Flintstone-mobile." Follow @BBCNewsMagazine on Twitter and on Facebook

एक आर्कटिक फ्रीज पूरे उत्तरी अमेरिका में फैल रहा है, जिससे कुछ शहरों में हवा की ठंड के साथ तापमान-40 डिग्री सेल्सियस (-40 डिग्री फ़ारेनहाइट) तक कम हो गया है। ऐडन लुईस पूछते हैं कि अत्यधिक ठंड के जोखिम क्या हैं और आप उनसे कैसे बच सकते हैं।


In pictures: Wild crowds for Kenya's 'humane' bull-fights

Summary: Among the Luhya community in western Kenya, a tradition of bull-fighting exists. Originally practised to mark important events such as funerals, the sport has evolved into a more competitive and at times profitable pursuit.

Photographer Duncan Moore travelled to see how community leaders in Kakamega county want to bring it into the mainstream, forming leagues and working to have it recognised as a legitimate sport. Early Saturday morning and a bull-fighter and his entourage make their way to the designated fighting ground where he will pit his bull against an opponent from another village. The procession features Isukuti musicians, who play a traditional form of music from western Kenya and accompany the bull as it makes its way to the fight, attracting more people along the way. As the crowd grows, kids climb trees both to get a better view and to avoid the bulls on the ground. While this is a smaller, local match up, major events at designated venues attract huge numbers of people. Spectators examine one of the bulls, Misango, before the fight. Still young with the potential to grow, a bull like this could sell for 80,000 Kenyan shillings ($800; £633). The most expensive bull ever sold, a champion fighter named Nasa, fetched 260,000 shillings. The other competitor, Tupa Tupa, charges at one of the men trying to escort him to the fight. Groups of men with sticks do their best to corral the animals, but when a bull decides to run there's not much anyone can do. Arguably the most dangerous part of the sport, especially in informal events such as this, is watching it. Here a girl is carried away after being knocked over by a bull that decided to flee instead of fight. After sizing each other up for several minutes the bulls launch into each other and the fight is on. While they can be herded towards a certain area, the animals fight where they want to, which in this case happened to be a maize field. Kakamega bull-fighting is an up close and personal experience, with the crowd following the action and running occasionally to avoid getting hit. Participants and spectators circle the competitors and cheer on their preferred animal, creating an atmosphere more akin to a fight club. Despite objections from some animal rights activists, proponents of the sport say it is an important economic activity and part of the Luhya cultural heritage. Gerald Ashiono, chairman of the local Bull Owners Welfare group, also looks on. The association works to ensure fights are registered, bulls are taken care of and proper arenas are found. Horns locked, Misango (left) and Tupa Tupa (right) battle for dominance. Mr Ashiono says that bull-fighting is an intangible part of the region's heritage, spanning generations: "My grandfather owned bulls, my father owned bulls, now I own a bull." A fight breaks out between two men representing different bulls. With gambling on the outcome a major component of the sport, tensions can run high during fights. The crowd cheers as the bulls move from the maize field towards another farm. According to Mr Ashiono this form of bull-fighting is more humane than the Spanish variety: "The bull has a choice, if it doesn't want to fight that day you can't force it." Defeated, Tupa Tupa and his owner return home. While unsuccessful bulls may eventually be sold for meat, a key difference with Kenyan bull-fighting is that no bulls are killed in the process. Misango, the victor after forcing Tupa Tupa to run away, is escorted back to the owner's village by a crowd of jubilant supporters. Raising a fighting bull is not easy. The animals are pampered and fed a specific diet featuring supplements and local herbs. Mr Ashiono, pictured here with his prize bull Imbongo, says: "For us, it is a cultural event, a community event and also a sport with a huge following. The future of bull-fighting is very bright." Photos by Duncan Moore

पश्चिमी केन्या में लुहिया समुदाय के बीच बैल-लड़ाई की एक परंपरा मौजूद है। मूल रूप से अंत्येष्टि जैसे महत्वपूर्ण आयोजनों को चिह्नित करने के लिए अभ्यास किया जाता है, यह खेल अधिक प्रतिस्पर्धी और कभी-कभी लाभदायक खोज में विकसित हुआ है।


Doctors are "reluctant" to test routinely for HIV

Summary: About 22,000 people in the UK have HIV - but are unaware they have it. In this week's Scrubbing Up, Dr Stephen Taylor, consultant physician in sexual health and HIV medicine, argues that lives are being unnecessarily lost because clinicians are reluctant to test for HIV.

By Dr Stephen TaylorConsultant Physician Sexual Health and HIV, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital I have been fortunate enough in my medical career to see real improvements in the treatment options we can offer our HIV positive patients. In the early 1980s we did not even have a name for HIV; now we have a wide range of anti-retroviral drugs. We have made huge, rapid steps in our understanding of and ability to combat HIV. A patient properly treated now has a life expectancy of 30 years or more and can live those years as fruitfully and successfully as anyone. But people still die with HIV. There is no cure and treatment can be tricky. Patients can develop drug resistance and often do not even present themselves to HIV services until very late. One in four of those infected with HIV does not know they are infected. The people who are dying from HIV now are, in general, those who are diagnosed so far down the road that the effectiveness of our drug regimes are significantly reduced. Reluctance to test There are many reasons for this: prejudice, a lack of awareness and especially a reluctance to test. Education is the key solution to each of these problems. We must correct the many inaccurate assumptions about HIV. Too many heterosexuals still believe they are not at risk of infection, too many young people are becoming increasingly complacent about a condition they think is under control - and it is simply not true that taking an HIV test adversely affects your insurance premiums or your ability to get a mortgage. Yet many physicians continue to propagate these messages. Some 95% of all pregnant women now receive an HIV test as a standard part of their antenatal care. I, and many others in the HIV community, believe this is a courtesy which should be extended to the wider population. Only through more effective and more widespread testing can we make earlier diagnoses, reduce undetected HIV cases and thus halt onward transmissions. This is a sentiment recently echoed by Anne Milton, the public health minister, at the recent "Time to Test" campaign held at the Royal College of Physicians to mark World Aids Day. Not only does normalising HIV testing make good clinical sense, but early testing could ultimately build towards achieving the £1.1bn cost savings that could be associated with solid HIV prevention strategies. Cost pressure However, here is the rub: the cost savings are not immediate. In fact, initially the cost of HIV care will increase as those blissfully unaware that they are infected become an immediate cost pressure for the NHS. But I maintain that normalising and increased testing has got to be the way forward. Regular testing and getting people on treatment is likely to be one of the most powerful tools we now have to reduce ongoing transmission of HIV and its long-term impacts. In my own hospital, we are launching a new HIV testing awareness campaign - Saving Lives - in an attempt to reduce undiagnosed infections and prevent avoidable mortality and morbidity. Its method is simple: to arm clinical practitioners, whatever their discipline or role, with knowledge of the symptoms and signs that HIV can present with and of the necessity of testing for it. If clinicians work together, and test every patient presenting with "indicator conditions" - not just those people we assume to be more at risk - will we diagnose HIV early, when treatment can do the most good. Save lives It is a very scary statistic that today in the UK there are over 22,000 people infected with HIV who are unaware they are infected. We must prioritise diagnosing them, especially as HIV can be symptomless for many years. So regular blood testing is often not just our best but our only tool in controlling the spread of HIV. We must therefore target the assumptions of the public and clinicians alike. Accessible public awareness campaigns like "Beer Goggles Johnny" may help get sexual health messages through to resistant demographics. And if we can integrate HIV testing into patient pathways, and be more proactive in our efforts to get patients on to treatment early, we can continue to make significant progress in our fight against HIV. The trouble is, talk is cheap. Unless the government, local PCTs and hospital trusts attach an importance and an incentive to encourage testing - be it with a carrot or a stick - I fear testing will not increase and our opportunity to save lives will once again be missed. Your comments

यू. के. में लगभग 22,000 लोगों को एच. आई. वी. है-लेकिन वे इस बात से अनजान हैं कि उन्हें यह है। इस सप्ताह के स्क्रबिंग अप में, यौन स्वास्थ्य और एच. आई. वी. चिकित्सा में सलाहकार चिकित्सक डॉ. स्टीफन टेलर का तर्क है कि जीवन अनावश्यक रूप से खो रहे हैं क्योंकि चिकित्सक एच. आई. वी. के लिए परीक्षण करने के लिए अनिच्छुक हैं।


Electronic cigarettes challenge anti-smoking efforts

Summary: A new TV advert for a brand of electronic cigarettes marks the first time in decades cigarettes of any sort have been promoted on US television. Anti-smoking campaigners fear the rapid growth of tobacco-free cigarettes could undermine years of successful anti-smoking efforts.

By Daniel NasawBBC News Magazine, Washington A handsome actor poses and struts on a beach in a stylishly shot black-and-white television spot. He puts the cigarette to his lips, takes a puff, and exhales a rich flume. "Blu lets me enjoy smoking without it affecting the people around me, because it's vapour not tobacco smoke," says Stephen Dorff, the scruffy heartthrob star of The Immortals. "We're all adults here, it's time we take our freedom back." The launch this autumn of the advert for blu eCigs marks a turning point in the fast-growing US market for electronic cigarettes, which use an electronic mechanism to warm a liquid nicotine solution and release mist into the lungs. Most living Americans had never before seen a cigarette advertised on television - they were banned in 1971. But the electronic cigarettes fall outside that law, since they contain no tobacco. That is just one way they fall into what one anti-smoking campaigner calls a regulatory "no man's land". Electronic cigarettes have exploded in popularity in the US since they first appeared on the market in 2007. Blu is just one brand, with NJOY, SmokeAnywhere, Joye eGo, and many more also available. Their appeal stems from perceptions - as yet untested by science - that they are safer than tobacco cigarettes and can even help smokers kick the habit. And because they contain no tobacco, the e-cigarettes seem exempt, for now, from ever-stricter public smoking bans. Since their emergence onto the US market, US sales have risen from $5m (£3.1m) to an estimated $250m, according to UBS estimates. Amid the explosive growth, smoking opponents are eyeing the devices warily. "We know that smoke-free laws encourage smokers to try to quit," says Danny McGoldrick, vice-president of research at Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. If electronic cigarettes keep people smoking who would otherwise quit, that is harmful, he says. Once sold mostly online and in small kiosks, they were given a huge boost in April when US tobacco giant Lorillard Inc purchased blu from the brand's creators for $135m (£84m). Lorillard executives said they foresaw rapid growth and were keen to put their weight behind the brand. Since the acquisition blu has seen a five-fold increase in its retail availability, and will be available in some 50,000 shops by the end of this year. The national advertising campaign launched in October. "They've come in and put in their tremendous resources and experience and they've put us on steroids and given us the resources to grow well," blu's creator and president Jason Healy said of the Lorillard acquisition. "We've established blu as a lifestyle brand for smokers." Electronic cigarettes have been subjected only to minimal scientific study - not enough to demonstrate whether they are safer than tobacco cigarettes or effective as a smoking cessation product like nicotine gum or patches. The World Health Organization has warned electronic cigarettes "pose significant public health issues and raise questions for tobacco control policy and regulation". And a 2009 test by the US Food and Drug Administration of electronic cigarettes - none from blu - found traces of cancer-causing chemicals and other toxic chemicals. Electronic cigarettes are either banned or heavily regulated in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany and several other countries. But in the US, at present electronic cigarettes "are essentially unregulated" says McGoldrick. Unless they make a therapeutic claim, for example that they can help people quit smoking, they fall in the cracks between federal tobacco regulations and rules covering drug devices like insulin pumps, In the new commercial, Lorillard appears to have reached into the bag of advertising tricks that got previous generations of Americans hooked on cigarettes, tobacco industry critics say. "It feels like what they're trying to do is re-establish a norm that smoking is okay, that smoking is glamorous and acceptable," says Cynthia Hallett, executive director of Americans for Non-Smokers' Rights. The blu advert stokes the spirit of rebellion that appealed to smokers when they first started as adolescents, says David Abrams, executive director of the Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Legacy, an anti-tobacco organisation. This time around, instead of defying parents and teachers, the ad encourages smokers to rebel against more recent anti-smoking social norms. "They're capitalising on that with adult smokers by basically saying 'don't let society tell you what to do'," Abrams says. "'You have the freedom to smoke. Thumb your nose at the anti-smoking policies and the FDA.'" The thick flume of smoke streaming from Stephen Dorff's mouth creates the urge in smokers to reach for their pack, even as the seaside setting evokes associations of clean, fresh air, says Joseph Cappella, a professor of communication at the University of Pennsylvania. "The environment is presented as a way of making clear there is a cleanliness, a healthiness linked to this nicotine delivery device," he says. Electronic cigarettes are sold in a variety of flavours: The Eonsmoke brand, for one, sells cartridges in apple, menthol, strawberry, "mojito", "tobacco" and others. Extensive research has shown flavoured tobacco appeals to young smokers and adolescents who are not ready for standard cigarettes, Abrams says. Anti-smoking campaigners including the American Cancer Society fear electronic cigarettes could get young smokers and adolescents hooked on nicotine - and later onto tobacco. Healy rejects that. He says blu's target customers are 35-55 years old and have been smoking for years. "This is about giving smokers freedom and choice," says Healy, an Australian former professional basketball player. Soon after e-cigarettes arrived on the market the FDA moved to regulate them under its authority over drug delivery devices, but a court rejected the move. The FDA has since hinted it may regulate them like tobacco products and an extensive rule-making procedure is underway. That would give the agency authority to restrict how they are marketed and labelled. Healy says regulation could help the category in the long-run by reining in makers of poor-quality products. "There's a lot of cowboys out there who can't afford to do a lot of things you need to do to ensure product quality and safety," he says. "It's going to be great for the consumer." Anti-tobacco campaigners say they're keeping an open mind about electronic cigarettes. "We are not against them being on the market but they should be responsibly regulated and marketed and tracked over time in a way that protects the public health and fully informs consumers of their effects and indications for use," says Abrams. "The introduction of these new non-combustible products that are appealing like e-cigarettes could have great public health value." You can follow the Magazine on Twitter and on Facebook

इलेक्ट्रॉनिक सिगरेट के ब्रांड के लिए एक नया टीवी विज्ञापन दशकों में पहली बार अमेरिकी टेलीविजन पर किसी भी प्रकार की सिगरेट का प्रचार किया गया है। धूम्रपान विरोधी प्रचारकों को डर है कि तंबाकू मुक्त सिगरेट का तेजी से विकास वर्षों के सफल धूम्रपान विरोधी प्रयासों को कमजोर कर सकता है।


Will China's economic slowdown be a bumpy ride?

Summary: The Chinese President Xi Jinping comes to the UK this week.

By Andrew WalkerBBC World Service economics correspondent It's a formal state visit. He will be the Queen's guest at Buckingham Palace. There will be plenty of pomp and circumstance, but also a lot of hard-nosed commercial work. Both sides are keen to see more trade, and the UK in particular wants to encourage Chinese investment here. Before any of the business gets under way there has been some news that will affect the atmosphere of President Xi's visit. We have had new data for China's economic growth in the third quarter of the year. And it came very close to what was expected. According to the official figures China's economy grew by 6.9% compared with a year earlier. That's just below 7% for each of the first two quarters, and significantly down from the 10% average of the previous three decades. The figures feed into what is arguably the biggest global economic issue of the moment - will China's growth slowdown be a smooth or bumpy ride? Or as it is often put - a hard or soft landing? That there is a slowdown is beyond doubt, and in principle, as long as we do get the soft landing, it's generally seen as welcome. For three decades China's annual economic growth averaged 10%. Since 2010 it has slowed. Last year's figure was 7.4%, and it's generally accepted this year will be slower, followed by a further deceleration in 2016. Yes, these are Chinese official figures whose reliability is widely criticised. Willem Buiter, chief economist at the giant financial firm Citigroup has suggested this year's true figure could be less than 4%. Danny Gabay of Fathom Consulting told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that it's more like 3%. He says China is already into a hard landing and there's a financial crisis on the way. There are plenty who don't think it's that bad. But there is no real doubt that growth is slowing, perhaps by a good deal more than those official figures suggest. Changing forces Meanwhile, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, wants to deepen the UK's commercial relationship with China. Back in 2013 he took steps to encourage trading of the Chinese currency in London. More recently, while in China, he told the BBC he wants the country to become Britain's second-biggest export market within 10 years. It's currently sixth. Is that wise, you might ask? If China is slowing perhaps British exporters have missed the boat if they have not already established themselves there. And will China be such an important source of business for British financial services? Well, it may be slowing but it is continuing to grow. The International Monetary Fund projects growth of more than 6% up to 2019. As China is either the largest, or second largest, economy on the planet, depending on how you convert national figures into dollars (or some other currency), it means China growing at more than 6% would contribute more growth to the global economy than any other country. In fact China alone growing at 6% would mean global economic growth of more than 1%. On the basis of IMF projections for growth over the next few years, no other country comes close. Even if you take sides with the statistical sceptics and take a lower figure for China's growth outlook, it still looks like an important business opportunity. It's true some countries are already feeling the pinch from China's slowdown. Producers of industrial commodities - energy and metals - are especially exposed. China's slowdown has undermined demand for their exports, and prices have fallen dramatically. Not that Britain has been completely immune to this kind of problem. The crisis and the job losses at the SSI steel plant in Redcar - and more expected at Tata Steel operations in Scunthorpe and Lanarkshire - have been blamed in part on cheaper Chinese steel sales and the fall in global steel prices But China is not just slowing. It's trying to change the driving forces behind its expanding economy. The aim for China's leaders is to shift from an economy driven by exports and very high levels of investment. The focus it's shifting away from - industry and big construction projects - is the kind of business that is hungry for these industrial commodities. Instead the Chinese authorities want an economy that's increasingly driven by Chinese consumers. So perhaps that will open up new types of opportunity. Foreign Office economists have looked at where the gains might lie for British industry if China opens its economy up. The report suggested that cars, pharmaceuticals, and financial and business services have a lot to gain. That certainly makes sense in terms of sectors you would expect to experience growing demand as a country's economy develops. As Chinese businesses become more sophisticated they are likely to need more specialist services, an area where Britain is strong. More prosperous people will want more medicines, and of course more cars. The UK's Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders said (in February): "China is the largest single market for British-built cars after the UK". The manufacturers are not British-owned, but they do make cars in the UK and sell them abroad. China still has a long way to go to catch up with the developed world in terms of average living standards. Even if the whole economy is arguably the biggest of all in terms of gross domestic product (GDP), it is far behind in GDP per person, which is a rough and ready indicator of prosperity. China's GDP per capita is just over a third of the UK's, and a quarter of the US figure. But the gap is closing. Slowdown or not, China's economy is increasingly one of the biggest games in town, even if it's not the only one.

चीनी राष्ट्रपति शी जिनपिंग इस सप्ताह ब्रिटेन आ रहे हैं।


Moray business leaders meet John Swinney over RAF plan

Summary: Moray's business leaders have been meeting Finance Secretary John Swinney to discuss the local economy in the wake of the defence review.

RAF Lossiemouth was saved from closure under defence cuts which were announced on Monday. RAF Kinloss will shut as an air base and be taken over by the Army. Members of the Moray Economic Partnership and community and business leaders were meeting Mr Swinney in Forres. There was a high-profile campaign by local businesses and politicians who feared losing the bases would devastate the Moray economy.

मोरे के व्यापारिक नेता रक्षा समीक्षा के मद्देनजर स्थानीय अर्थव्यवस्था पर चर्चा करने के लिए वित्त सचिव जॉन स्विनी से मिल रहे हैं।


Melania, Ivanka and Barron Trump - who is the new first family?

Summary: Donald Trump pledged to unify America as he addressed cheering supporters at a concert at the Lincoln Memorial on the eve of his inauguration, flanked by his wife and extended family. So who are the new first family of the United States?

Tiffany Trump is Donald Trump's daughter by his second wife Marla Maples, a former actress and TV personality. She is an avid user of social media, where her posts depict a glamorous lifestyle. She won a highly sought-after internship with Vogue in 2011 and released a pop song, Like a Bird, when she was 17. Tiffany kept a relatively low profile during the election campaign but earned her father's praise for her "fantastic" convention speech, in which she said her father was a "natural-born encourager". Jared Kushner is the husband of Ivanka, Donald's eldest daughter. He is the son of a prominent New York property developer and has been the owner of the weekly Observer paper in New York for 10 years. For someone with no prior government experience, he has accumulated a dizzying array of portfolios in the administration of his father-in-law. The 36-year-old, whose previous main work experience was running his father's real-estate firm, is a senior adviser to the commander-in-chief. Despite having no diplomatic credentials, he has been tasked with no less a challenge than resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. He also serves as the president's lead adviser on relations with China, Mexico and Canada. Mr Kushner, who is Jewish, is reported to have angered members of his own family when he wrote a defence of Donald Trump's use of the Star of David in a tweet attacking Hillary Clinton. Writing in his own newspaper, he said: "My father-in-law is not an anti-Semite". He continued: "The difference between me and the journalists and Twitter throngs who find it so convenient to dismiss my father-in-law is simple. I know him and they don't." Ivanka Trump is perhaps the best-known of Donald Trump's children, the only daughter of his marriage to Ivana, his first wife. In March 2017 it was announced that she was officially joining her father's administration as an unpaid employee with the title Assistant to the President. The US first daughter bowed to pressure following an outcry from ethics experts at her initial plans to serve in a more informal capacity. A model in her early years, she is also a vice-president at The Trump Organization and was also a judge on her father's reality TV show The Apprentice. She converted to Judaism after marrying Jared in 2009. In a speech to the Republican National Congress, she backed her father to support women's rights: "As a mother myself, of three young children, I know how hard it is to work while raising a family. And I also know that I'm far more fortunate than most. American families need relief. Policies that allow women with children to thrive should not be novelties, they should be the norm." Arabella is the eldest daughter of Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner. Melania Trump, a former model born in Slovenia, married Donald Trump in January 2005. She has made few public appearances since her husband became president and sometimes appears stiff and awkward when she does so. "She has been thrust into a role she didn't seek and doesn't seem to relish," the BBC's Barbara Plett Usher reported in March 2017. But it may be that cracks in Mrs Trump's famous reserve will appear as she prepares to move to Washington from New York when her son Barron finishes the school year. She stood by her husband after video footage emerged during the campaign in which he boasted about groping women. In July 2016 she made headlines after making a speech at the Republican National Convention, which she was accused of plagiarising from one made by Michelle Obama in 2008. In an October 2016 interview with CNN, she was asked what she would change about her husband. She replied: "His tweeting." Barron Trump is the only child from Donald's current marriage to Melania, and he walked part of Pennsylvania Avenue in the inauguration parade. Although he made brief appearances on the election campaign trail, the 10-year-old has been mostly kept out of the spotlight. All that changed soon after the president's inauguration in January 2017, however when he was at the centre of a Twitter storm following comments made about him by a comedian. Barron plays golf with his father and is reported to be fluent in Slovenian, his mother's native language. Kai Trump is the eldest of Vanessa and Donald Jr's five children. Lara Yunaska, a former TV producer and keen equestrian, married Eric Trump in 2014. She broke both her wrists horse-riding two weeks before their wedding, at which Jared Kushner officiated. The couple are expecting their first child in September. As an animal welfare advocate, it is not known what Lara makes of her husband's hunting hobby. She is also involved in the Trump Foundation, said to be one of the largest private charities in the US. Lara told Fox News on 6 November: "Women are highly offended that a candidate like Hillary Clinton thinks she can get our vote simply because we are the same gender… It's ridiculous, it's insulting, and it's offensive". Donald Trump Jr is Donald Trump's eldest son from his first marriage to Ivana. In March 2017 he controversially criticised London's mayor shortly after the terror attack on Westminster which killed three people. Now executive vice-president of The Trump Organization, he married Vanessa Haydon after being introduced to her at a fashion show by his father. His rise has not been free from controversy. His, and brother Eric's, taste for hunting big game was criticised after photos emerged showing them posing with dead animals including a leopard and a crocodile. Donald Jr was also holding the severed tail of an elephant. Eric Trump is the third child of Mr Trump's marriage to Ivana. Like his siblings, he is also an executive vice-president of The Trump Organization. Eric is president of the Trump Winery in Virginia and oversees Trump golf clubs. In 2006, he also set up the Eric Trump Foundation, which has pledged $28m to a research hospital which helps children battling life-threatening diseases. In March 2017 he said that he will give his father "quarterly" updates on the Trump family's business interests, a pledge made despite the president's promises to divest himself of his business interests. Like his brother, Donald Jr, Eric was criticised over a hunting trip to Zimbabwe in 2010. He may have broken the law on election day by tweeting a picture of his ballot paper, saying it was an "incredible honour to vote for my father." Vanessa Trump, nee Haydon, married Donald Trump Jr in November 2005. The couple have five young children, including Kai, aged eight (pictured). Vanessa began modelling as a child and once dated Leonardo DiCaprio. She serves on the executive committee of her brother-in-law Eric's charity foundation. She keeps a gun at home - and according to an interview with SilencerCo, a company that makes gun silencers, she also has a permit to carry a concealed weapon and shoots regularly. Donald III is the eldest son of Vanessa and Donald Jr.

डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प ने अमेरिका को एकजुट करने का संकल्प लिया क्योंकि उन्होंने अपने उद्घाटन की पूर्व संध्या पर लिंकन मेमोरियल में एक संगीत कार्यक्रम में उत्साही समर्थकों को संबोधित किया, जिसमें उनकी पत्नी और विस्तारित परिवार शामिल थे। तो संयुक्त राज्य का नया प्रथम परिवार कौन है?


Wombwell stabbing: Pair on trial for murder

Summary: A man and a woman have gone on trial charged with the murder of a 65-year-old man in South Yorkshire.

The body of John Gogarty was found with stab wounds at his home in Marsh Street, Wombwell, near Barnsley, on 17 July. Helen Nichols, 38, and Ian Birley, 43, both of Mont Walk, Wombwell, pleaded not guilty to murder. The pair were remanded in custody at Sheffield Crown Court. Their trial is expected to last three weeks. A post-mortem examination revealed Mr Gogarty died from stab wounds.

दक्षिण यॉर्कशायर में एक 65 वर्षीय व्यक्ति की हत्या के आरोप में एक पुरुष और एक महिला पर मुकदमा चलाया गया है।


Eurovision turns spotlight on Azerbaijan

Summary: Victory in the Eurovision Song Contest has given Azerbaijan a unique opportunity to showcase its culture, when it hosts the event next year. But it will also throw a spotlight on its much-criticised human rights record, and comes amid growing fears of war.

By Damien McGuinnessBBC News South Caucasus correspondent Last weekend's win by the duo Ell and Nikki sparked celebrations on the streets of the capital, Baku, despite being announced in the middle of the night. President Ilham Aliyev called the result "a great success of the Azerbaijani state and people". The country's public broadcaster said it would give the country a chance to show off its culture and traditions to the whole of Europe. After all, Eurovision, that riotous celebration of sequins, high-kicks and cheesy lyrics, is one of the most watched televised events in the world, attracting more than 100 million viewers. So host countries see the competition as a major PR opportunity to boost tourism and trade - something particularly appreciated by the former Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan, squeezed into an often overlooked region between Russia, Iran and Turkey. 'Fake charges' But light-hearted Eurovision camp sits uneasily with Azerbaijan's human rights record. When it comes to media freedom, Azerbaijan is ranked 171 out of 191 countries by the Freedom House NGO. In March and April, hundreds of people were detained in peaceful protests against the government. And, according to Amnesty International, increasing numbers of journalists and youth activists are being imprisoned on fabricated charges. One of those, Amnesty says, is 20-year-old Jabbar Savalan, who at the beginning of May was convicted to two-and-a-half years in prison on drugs charges, after calling for anti-government protests on Facebook. Human rights activists are now hoping that Eurovision will bring more than just upbeat jingles to the Azeri capital, Baku. "This victory will now put Azerbaijan in the spotlight which could mean that the government starts treating its citizens better," says Baku-based political analyst Tabib Huseynov. "The Azeri government cares about its international image. And when you are in the spotlight you behave better." The authorities in Azerbaijan deny accusations of human rights abuses. When asked by the BBC why peaceful protesters are arrested, government officials said demonstrations are allowed, but only in permitted areas outside the city centre. Denial It is unlikely that international attention during a song festival will necessarily lead to the release of government critics. After all, condemnation from the European Parliament and the European Court of Human Rights has so far not led to that. But the hope is that Azerbaijan will at least try to avoid international criticism which could mar the celebrations. But Arastun Orujlu, head of the East-West Research Center in Baku, says Eurovision is actually being used to shore up the government's position. "President Aliyev is promoting the Eurovision win as a success of the government," he said. "Officials are not prepared to accept there are any problems with democracy, media freedom or human rights. If they deny these problems even exist, it's clear they are not ready for democratic development." One problem that cannot be denied, however, is the conflict with Armenia over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The two countries went to war over the enclave in 1992 after the break-up of the Soviet Union. Around 25,000 people were killed and more than a million became refugees. A tenuous ceasefire was agreed in 1994. But both sides are even now acquiring more sophisticated weaponry and upping the bellicose rhetoric. The number of skirmishes and fatalities on the front line is rising, and peace talks have stalled. So there is a growing risk that the already precarious situation could spiral out of control, leading to an accidental war. "We're stuck unfortunately in a quagmire," says Laurence Sheets, of the International Crisis Group. "This is a region of tremendous strategic and energy importance to the entire world. And there is the potential for countries like Turkey, a Nato member, Russia or Iran to be drawn into war or open hostilities." Personal connections In such a tense environment, even the apparently innocent fun of the Eurovision Song Contest is politically sensitive. In 2009, Azerbaijan's ministry of national security called Azeris accused of voting for Armenia in for questioning. Voting in Eurovision is a matter of national security, was the explanation of the authorities. Next year's event in Baku has the potential to bring both sides together. If the Armenian delegates decide to attend, and the Azeri authorities welcome them, Eurovision's party atmosphere could provide a rare opportunity. If people meet on a personal level, Arastun Orujlu believes, they inevitably stop fighting. "It's only the governments on both sides which are aggressive because they can blame domestic problems on the conflict," he said "But people themselves are tired. They want to co-operate." This year Armenia's entry sang "boom, boom, chaka, chaka" while emerging out of a giant boxing glove on stage - seen by some as a metaphor for winning the war in Nagorno-Karabakh. The lyrics at Eurovision are not always the most erudite. But if Eurovision can help ease tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan, there may be some sense to them after all.

यूरोविज़न गीत प्रतियोगिता में जीत ने अज़रबैजान को अपनी संस्कृति को प्रदर्शित करने का एक अनूठा अवसर दिया है, जब वह अगले साल इस कार्यक्रम की मेजबानी करेगा। लेकिन यह इसके बहुप्रशंसित मानवाधिकार रिकॉर्ड पर भी ध्यान आकर्षित करेगा, और युद्ध की बढ़ती आशंकाओं के बीच आता है।


Green light for £17m Falkirk recycling centre

Summary: A £17m recycling centre processing about 200,000 tonnes of waste a year is to be built near Grangemouth, Falkirk.

Avondale Environmental, who will operate the centre, plan to build it on an existing landfill site by Junction 4 of the M9 motorway. The Manchester-based company said it would deal with household and commercial waste. It has been designed to "vastly reduce" the amount of rubbish going to landfill, the company said. Avondale director Derek Cooper said: "We've nurtured our plans over a number of years, including taking the scheme through planning, so we're obviously delighted to have reached this significant milestone." The company already has a range of public and private sector waste contracts in central and northern Scotland.

ग्रैन्जमाउथ, फाल्किर्क के पास एक वर्ष में लगभग 200,000 टन कचरे का प्रसंस्करण करने के लिए 17 मिलियन पाउंड का पुनर्चक्रण केंद्र बनाया जाना है।


Home schooling: The Zoom haves and have nots

Summary: Throughout James Malley's usually bustling school, classrooms sit strangely empty and quiet. Chairs sit neatly on top of tables after the cleaners have been through. But sitting at his head teacher's desk, he can see and hear students chatting from far away, as he watches the potential future of education in a coronavirus world.

By Dominic CascianiHome affairs correspondent Sixth form geography students are mid-video conference. Their teacher, working from home, is talking about volcanoes - transmitting a presentation direct into their homes - just as if it were on the whiteboard in the classroom. "When we closed down, I don't think anybody was even contemplating no GCSEs, no A-Levels schools and not coming back for the rest of the academic year," he says. So sitting staring at a virtual class is not how Mr Malley set out to lead Therfield School in Leatherhead, Surrey - nor did any other head teacher anywhere else in the world. But if social distancing continues until who-knows-when, he and thousands of other heads know that video classes may now be inevitable. And that, in turn, is developing into an enormous existential dilemma for his profession: will teachers unintentionally, deepen the education divide between "Zoom Haves" and "Zoom Have Nots"? Since the UK's national closure of schools began in March, many heads like Mr Malley have taken their schools through three broad phases of completely reinventing the way they teach: "We're not trying to replicate the school day," says Mr Malley. "In any given two weeks there is a core offer and then other activities to extend the curriculum." Therfield is now fully embedded in the second of these three phases. Teachers have converted their classroom materials into Powerpoint-style presentations that are delivered via the homework portal. They call each student, every week, for a chat - and they can see proof of actual progress through formal online assessments. But it's in phase three that the risks really begin to emerge, say many teachers. If schools try to recreate live online classes, will the poorest students lose out? First mover advantage? Epsom College is a grand private school, close to the world famous race course and five miles from Therfield. Almost half of its pupils are boarders, many of them children from abroad whose families value a traditional English education. Like Therfield, headmaster Jay Piggot and his leadership team rapidly developed a stop-gap plan of online worksheets, to keep teaching going during the first weeks of lockdown. And like many other independent schools, they've moved far more quickly to full video classes - and are now offering all their students a broadcast curriculum, throughout the day. They are using Microsoft Teams, rather than Zoom. Other providers are available. The school day has been shortened - and classes only run for 40 minutes. And there are more breaks to help teachers prepare and give everyone a screen break. His staff and students have already learnt a lot. "You have to concentrate much harder within a video conference - you won't get the body language cues," says Mr Piggot. "Teaching tends to be more of a monologue and then a response. But there are strengths too. If a teacher sets a question and the students can respond online, then the teacher has received an immediate insight. That is very useful, but in terms of the richness of the classroom, it's no comparison." The technology has also helped, virtually at least, preserve the school community as video has brought pupils together for assemblies, challenges and even a digital choir. So, is there now a coronavirus technological divide widening the gap between independent and state schools? Jay Piggot says he is concerned there will be - and he's sharing what he has learnt so far about video teaching with the state schools near to him. What works for remote learning? And Stephen Fraser of the Education Endowment Foundation, a leading education charity, says there is now a historic challenge. "Universal and compulsory schooling are the great leveller," he says. "This crisis has thrown that universal platform in the air. There is now a huge variability in what students can access." The EEF predicts that the most disadvantaged students may need 12 months or longer to catch up on what they have lost during lockdown. But he adds: "Teaching practice always trumps the platform. Whether it's video conferencing, through to the delivery of hard [paper] copies of lessons, if it is backed up by high quality teaching, that is what matters." "We know that if a teacher makes a phone call at the start of the week to the child who they know, that can be really effective." Instinctively, state school heads like Mr Malley are restless to do more. That's where the dilemma of embracing video classes will become acute. Some 15% of Therfield students are eligible for free school meals - the national average. Approximately 10% of the 910 students are what Mr Malley terms internet poor - either they have no proper access at all, or it is limited by availability of devices or bandwidth in the home. "We've got parents working from home and they have one laptop between them. If we say at 10 o'clock, it's your history lesson, that's not meaningful. If you think about schools in more deprived areas, you're going to be doubling those figures. "So you are then into a situation where you have to ask how much are those students losing out compared to their peers? "That is the moral dilemma that state school heads are facing," says Mr Malley. "Every time we decide to do more, there might be some students who won't get access." The Department for Education has already launched a major programme to lend laptops and other technology to disadvantaged families. But while James Malley welcomes the government cash - it remains an imperfect solution to what could become, for some, a perfect storm of underachievement because of factors beyond sending data across the internet. "I'm a historian by trade. In wars and in periods of crisis, we adapt. We will probably end up doing some things better than we have ever done them. But that's not a replacement for the things that you lose."

जेम्स मैली के आम तौर पर भीड़भाड़ वाले स्कूल में, कक्षाएं अजीब तरह से खाली और शांत बैठती हैं। सफाई करने वालों के जाने के बाद कुर्सियां टेबल के ऊपर अच्छी तरह से बैठती हैं। लेकिन अपने प्रधान शिक्षक की मेज पर बैठकर, वह छात्रों को दूर से बातचीत करते हुए देख और सुन सकता है, क्योंकि वह कोरोनावायरस की दुनिया में शिक्षा के संभावित भविष्य को देख रहा है।


Sixteen 'illegal immigrants' found in refrigerated lorry

Summary: A lorry with 16 men suspected of being illegal immigrants has been stopped at a motorway service station in Surrey, police said.

The men were found in a refrigerated unit after the driver reported hearing someone in the back of his lorry at Cobham services on the M25 on Monday. Paramedics were called but none of the men, who are all thought to be from Ethiopia, needed medical treatment. They were taken to various custody centres across Surrey. The men were arrested on suspicion of entering the country illegally.

पुलिस ने कहा कि अवैध अप्रवासी होने के संदेह में 16 लोगों को ले जा रहे एक लॉरी को सरे के एक मोटरवे सेवा स्टेशन पर रोक दिया गया है।


Leeds teen in court over alleged kidnap of girl, 12

Summary: A teenager is to face trial accused of kidnapping a 12-year-old girl from a street in Leeds.

Michael Sehannie, of St Luke's Road, Beeston, will face a jury over the alleged offence on Old Run Road in Hunslet on 23 April. The 18-year-old pleaded not guilty via video link and was remanded in custody at Leeds Crown Court. Judge Tom Bayliss told Mr Sehannie he would face a two-day trial starting on 14 October.

लीड्स की एक सड़क से 12 वर्षीय लड़की के अपहरण के आरोप में एक किशोर को मुकदमे का सामना करना पड़ रहा है।


NI state papers: New light on IRA prison escape

Summary: The mass escape of 38 IRA prisoners from the Maze Prison, near Belfast, on 25 September 1983, in which a prison warder was stabbed to death, is detailed in previously confidential files released by the Public Record Office in Belfast.

By Eamon PhoenixHistorian Like many files in this year's releases, that relating to the prison escape is partially closed to 2069. Confidential reports prepared for the Secretary of State Jim Prior in the wake of what was described as the biggest prison escape in Irish history, shed new light on the wounding of a prison officer and the role of a British military guard during the unfolding event. In a report on the events of that dramatic Sunday, penned the following day, W J Kerr, director of prison operations in Northern Ireland, described how at 16:45 BST he was informed of "an incident at the Maze". He immediately proceeded to the prison where he "was informed that H7 Block had been taken over by armed prisoners who had hijacked the kitchen lorry and had proceeded to the main gate". He then went to the Royal Victoria Hospital to speak to the wife of officer Adams who had been wounded in the head, and then to visit the family of officer Ferris who had been stabbed to death during the escape. Diary of events On his return to the Maze that evening he learned that 15 escapees had been recaptured, leaving 23 IRA men still "unlawfully at large". There follows a diary of the events on that Sunday. The day began normally with prisoners unlocked for breakfast and exercise. At 11:15 BST Fr Rooney, the Roman Catholic chaplain, celebrated Mass in the H Block with 54 prisoners in attendance. Dinner was served at 12:15 BST after which all the prisoners were returned to their cells. At 14:00 BST, as the day prison staff resumed duty, there were 126 prisoners in H Block 7 and 24 warders prior to the 'incident'. Suddenly at 14:45 BST prisoners in H Block 7 overpowered staff on duty and took control of the block. Various weapons were used including guns. The prisoners commandeered the prison meals delivery van and 38 prisoners forced the prison officer driver to drive the van from the block through segment gates one and eight to the prison main gate. The prisoners then overpowered the staff on duty at the gate and, although eventually the alarm was raised, they managed to get out of the prison proper. The prisoners at this point disappeared and fled in different directions. Among the prisoners in H7 were Gerry Kelly, aged 30, (the current Sinn Féin MLA for North Belfast) and Brendan "Bik" McFarlane, who had been a spokesman for the hunger strikers during the 1981 hunger strike. Kelly had been convicted at Winchester in 1973, along with the Price sisters and Hugh Feeney, for setting off car bombs in London; in all he had made four previous escape attempts. McFarlane, then 31, described in the file as "a Provisional IRA (PIRA) leader deeply involved in the organisation", was sentenced to five life terms for the 1975 bombing of the Bayardo Bar on the Shankill Road in which five people died. The sequence of events at the prison began at 14:45 BST when prisoner Mead asked to see a senior prison officer. "On entering the office Mead produced a gun. (Officer) Smylie attempted to disarm him and in the struggle Mead struck Smylie across the face with the gun." Overpowered At this point "prisoner Storey entered the principal officer's office carrying a gun and pointed it at Mr Smylie's head. Storey then took charge. Mr Smylie was tied up and Mr George ordered to sit and answer the telephone in a normal manner." Meanwhile, other officers were being overpowered and tied up throughout the H Block. The report continues: "Officer Leak was in the toilet when he heard two shots. He left (to see) prisoner 58 Kelly (Gerry Kelly, MLA) pointing a pistol into the control room. Kelly turned the gun on Leak and forced him into the officers' tea room. Leak was tied up and hooded." Kerr added at this point: "This would establish that prisoner Kelly shot officer Adams who was on duty in the control. It is not clear if the control grille was locked before Mr Adams was shot." As the IRA inmates gradually seized control of the wings, prisoner Kerr approached the grille (security) gates and forced the officer on duty to hand over the keys. The officer was then taken to D Wing, stripped and tied up. By this stage the prisoners were within sight of the 'lock gates' where prison officer McFall was on duty. McFall was approached by Bik McFarlane who said he had been "sent to clean the sentry box" beside the gates. The report continues: "McFall opened the inner gate with McFarlane when two prisoners appeared from the side of the gate. Each of these prisoners had guns... McFall was taken to the officers' tea room and hooded, stripped and tied." Meanwhile, officer McLaughlin was on duty as kitchen van driver and at 15:25 BST had passed through the lock gates of H Block to deliver afternoon tea. Kerr reported what happened next to the Secretary of State, Jim Prior: "As officer McLaughlin started to unload the meal from the van, prisoner Storey put a gun to his head and forced him into the medical inspection room. Whilst there he was threatened by prisoner Kelly who told him to do as he was told or he would be 'blown away'. McLaughlin was then forced to drive the van from the block to the main gate through the inner gates." According to the report the van proceeded through the first segment gate unchallenged. Conclusion At the next gate - "the admin gate" - officer Ireland, who was on duty, identified the van driver as officer McLaughlin and, as a result, "the van was allowed to proceed through this gate without being searched". The plan was now reaching its conclusion, as the report describes: "After the van left the admin gate the driver was forced to take the vehicle to the transport parking area where most of the uniformed prisoners disembarked making their way to the tally lodge (at the main gate of the jail). They rushed into the gate area where they succeeded in taking over the controls of the main gate." However, Kerr stressed, the staff in the tally lodge "resisted strongly and in the ensuing affray one officer was stabbed and died shortly afterwards" while a number of other staff were injured. "In the meantime the driver was forced to take the van to the inner main gate where it was permitted to enter the 'airlock area'. The outer main gate was then opened by a prisoner at the controls, but by this time the alarm had been raised and two officers sitting in their cars outside the gate drove into the area, blocking the exit." Other staff returning from their meal breaks attempted to prevent the escape, one of them receiving a gunshot wound to the leg. In the resulting melee three inmates were prevented from leaving the gate area, but the others "ran across country chased by members of staff". A further seven, including a prisoner called Murray, who was wounded by an army sentry, were apprehended. 'At large' By 11:00 BST on 26 September the security forces had captured another six inmates. At the time of the report on 26 September, 21 inmates remained "unlawfully at large". In his conclusion, Kerr highlighted a number of aspects of the IRA escape that gave him cause for concern. In particular, the fact that the inmates were in possession of firearms suggested that they and their supporters outside were able to breach the security measures at the Maze. He was particularly alarmed at the ease with which prisoners were able to gain access to the secure entrance into the blocks and the main gates. He also questioned how the escaping prisoners were allowed to drive a hijacked vehicle through two segment gates without being challenged, and why five officers in H Block 7 were permitted to be off their posts at the same time and that "an apparently abnormal number of inmates" had been in the central area at the time of the takeover. Notwithstanding these concerns, the director of prison operations recorded his appreciation of the "acts of considerable courage" by his officers in resisting the escape attempt. The escape was the focus of a meeting between a DUP delegation, led by Rev Ian Paisley and Peter Robinson, to the secretary of state on 26 September 1983. The DUP MPs claimed that the escape could only have been organised with assistance from prison officers and expressed incomprehension that "the guards on the control towers had not fired on the escaping prisoners". Dr Paisley went on to demand the resignation of the minister in charge of prisons, Nicholas Scott. Dr Paisley's allegations prompted a memo to the secretary of state from an NIO official, P W J Buxton, on 28 September 1983 on the reaction of the soldiers who formed a prison guard force of 150 men at the prison. Rules He reported that the sentry on duty in the watchtower on the main gate was the only member of the military guard immediately involved in the actual breakout at the gate; he had shot an escaper whom he had seen shoot a prison officer. Buxton was clear on the rules governing the response of the military guard to any escape attempt: the position of a soldier shooting escapers is quite clear; the yellow card applies. Thus, unless the escaper is presenting a direct threat to life, or has just killed or injured someone and there was no other way of arresting, he is not authorised to shoot. The Army would not shoot escapers who are simply escaping... such action would not be the "minimum force" that the card calls for. The official told Prior that there was "no question of recent prosecutions of members of the security forces for murder having made the sentry uncertain of his legal position" though he was undoubtedly "inhibited by the uncertainty as to who was an escaper and who was a prison officer, as some prisoners were in prison officer clothing and some of the (officers) in civilian clothes." He revealed that as soon as the alarm was raised, "39 Brigade scrambled the city helicopter and implemented Operation Greyhound, a Northern Ireland-wide vehicle checkpoint plan". Meanwhile, within minutes of the escape the RUC chief constable had implemented Operation Bolt resulting in NI-wide checkpoints. He noted that prison officers apprehended eight escapers at the scene while 11 others were arrested in the following days by the RUC and Army. Five loaded handguns and two imitation firearms were recovered, one on the escaper who was wounded by the sentry.

25 सितंबर 1983 को बेलफास्ट के पास मेज़ जेल से 38 आई. आर. ए. कैदियों का सामूहिक पलायन, जिसमें एक जेल वार्डर की चाकू मारकर हत्या कर दी गई थी, बेलफास्ट में सार्वजनिक रिकॉर्ड कार्यालय द्वारा जारी की गई पहले की गोपनीय फाइलों में विस्तृत है।