Gateshead's Dunston Staithes could be opened to public

Summary: The restoration of the Grade II-listed timber structure on the River Tyne is due to begin in April. Dunston Staithes received a Heritage Lottery Fund grant of almost £420,000 in December. It is also hoped that it will be open to the public for the first time.

The timber pier-like structure was constructed in 1890 by the North Eastern Railway Company and was used to carry coal onto ships for transport to London and the continent. Coal from mines around the North East was transported to the staithes by rail, placed onto ships and transported to London and other ports. In one year alone 5.5m tonnes of coal was shipped from Gateshead. The staithes was closed in 1980 and abandoned with the demise of the coal industry and has since fallen victim to vandalism and two fires. An "intense" blaze broke out on the 1,700-feet-long Gateshead landmark in the early hours on Thursday, 20 November, 2003. At the height of the fire, 17 appliances and 67 firefighters, some wearing life jackets, were at the scene along with the fire boat. Martin Hulse, from Tyne and Wear Building Preservation Trust, has been campaigning for the money to restore the staithes for about 10 years. He said: "When the phone call came through, I was numb, there was weeks of nervous energy just built up. "For me the staithes is one of the icons of Gateshead and sits alongside the Angel, Millennium Bridge and Sage. Importantly it is the one that reminds us where the region came from, its history and underlines the importance of coal, railways and the River Tyne itself." "We want to get people on top," said Mr Hulse, who said he was hoping to make that possible by mid-2015. He continued: "We're going to bring purpose and use back to the structure, I have crazy ideas, you could hold markets on it, you could install big solar panels on it and make money but we are open to ideas." The project will also focus on; reconnection of the staithes with the surrounding salt marsh and wider natural heritage, interpretation of the site's rich history, telling the story of the staithes fully for the first time and enhanced safety features to promote public access. It is hoped artwork created by local students will feature as part of the restoration which will be open to view during the summer of 2015. See the full story and more archive footage on BBC One's Inside Out in the North East on Monday 10 February at 19:30 GMT.

टाइन नदी पर ग्रेड II-सूचीबद्ध लकड़ी संरचना की बहाली अप्रैल में शुरू होने वाली है। डंस्टन स्टैथेस को दिसंबर में लगभग £420,000 का हेरिटेज लॉटरी फंड अनुदान मिला। यह भी उम्मीद है कि यह पहली बार जनता के लिए खुला होगा।


Matt Damon breaks Irish lockdown cover with surprise radio call

Summary: It's the radio coup of the lockdown.

When the presenter of a Dublin breakfast programme learned Hollywood actor Matt Damon was in quarantine in the affluent suburb of Dalkey, he spent six weeks tirelessly campaigning for an interview. It was never a serious request though, admitted Nathan O'Reilly. So he and co-host Graham O'Toole were stunned when Damon's assistant called this week to ask when he could go on air. 'I'm about to throw up' Mr O'Reilly told the BBC's Good Morning Ulster programme he and his co-host initially thought it was a prank. "He said: 'Guys, Matt has been listening to the show. He wants to come on.' "I looked at Graham and said: 'Are you pranking me?' And then Graham thought I was pranking him." But when the A-listener did indeed call in to SPIN 1038 via video-link on Wednesday morning, Mr O'Reilly realised it was no prank, and told the actor: "I feel like I'm about to throw up." "I was just flinging words at Matt," he said of his interviewing technique. "I knew Matt Damon was in Dalkey, but I never expected we would get him on the show." He described the interview as "the classic tale of the tall man with the dream". Mr O'Reilly explained that he first heard Damon had flown into Dublin with his wife, Luciana Barrosa, and their children in early March to film Ridley Scott's new film The Last Duel. Almost immediately, production was shut down under Covid-19 restrictions and the actor and his family have been living in Formula 1 star Eddie Irvine's house ever since. 'Not going to happen' Mr O'Reilly heard of members of the public who had spotted or met Damon and invited them on his show. "I started getting people on the show who had met Matt Damon either jogging, in a park, or seeing him swim, but all the stories were not leading us any closer, they were just interesting tales," he said. "We did it for nearly six weeks and then I accepted defeat. I said: 'It's not going to happen.'" When he did finally call in, Damon told the presenters he had heard the appeal while driving in Dublin a month ago. "I was in the car with my kids and I heard you talking about all this stuff, and you guys gave the number to call in," he said. "And I was trying to memorise the number, and then I walked into the house and my wife started talking about something and I totally forgot your number." Since then, every time the Bourne Identity star had been listening to the station in the car he had listened out for the number. Then his wife advised him to look SPIN 1038 up online. "She's like: 'You're such an idiot, just like look up their number, you don't have to wait for them to say it!'" He also told the radio hosts that U2 frontman Bono - who lives nearby - mentioned the appeal to him. "He said to me last week: 'You know there's a radio station that's looking for you.'" "I was like: 'I really gotta track those guys down, I gotta call into that show. It's gone on too long.'" Mr O'Reilly joked that he had previously been kicked out of a Dalkey residents' Facebook group after sharing his appeal with the locals. Sightings of the actor had been creating a stir in the area for weeks. Dublin mum Siobhan Berry spotted him after a family swim with her children and asked for a picture. The photo of Damon holding bags from a well-known Irish supermarket chain was widely shared on social media. She and her husband initially agreed not to share the photo publicly, but after hearing the interview, she changed her mind. "You may have seen this photo doing the rounds of late," she tweeted. Damon confirmed to the SPIN 1038 presenters that the plastic bags he was carrying contained towels, not cans of beer, as some had suggested. In the 15-minute interview, the Contagion star said his eldest daughter Alexia - who had remained in New York where she was attending college - contracted coronavirus at an early stage of the pandemic, but "got through it fine". "We've got the three younger ones and our oldest one, we'll reunite with her at the end of the month... but everybody's okay," he said. He also described the experience of being in lockdown in Dalkey as being "like a fairy tale". "I can see why all these [Dalkey residents], you know when we came in they were like well Bono lives over there and Enya lives over there..." He said he felt guilty that his family, who had brought teachers with them to Ireland so their children could be educated during filming, were having such a stress-free experience of lockdown. "Yes, you have to stay within two kilometres of your house, but in two kilometres of here, there's trees and woods, there's ocean... I can't think of any place you'd rather be in a two kilometres radius. I thought it was incredible two months ago, but now it's blooming... it's ridiculous." He said that when "the world rights itself", he will go back to filming. "I have at least a few months more here. Who knows what the world is going to look like [at that stage]."

यह लॉकडाउन का रेडियो तख्तापलट है।


'MI6 conman' Mark Acklom appears in court

Summary: One of Britain's most wanted fugitives, who was extradited to the UK from Switzerland after years on the run, has appeared in court.

Mark Acklom allegedly posed as an MI6 agent to con a Gloucestershire woman out of her £850,000 life savings. The 45-year-old, of no fixed abode, faces 20 fraud offences, including eight of fraud by false representation. Mr Acklom was remanded in custody and will next appear before Bristol Crown Court on 25 March.

ब्रिटेन के सबसे वांछित भगोड़ों में से एक, जिसे वर्षों तक फरार रहने के बाद स्विट्जरलैंड से ब्रिटेन प्रत्यर्पित किया गया था, अदालत में पेश हुआ है।


Will Mario Draghi’s plan be enough?

Summary: If Jean-Claude Trichet had ever declared that the European Central Bank (ECB) was willing to provide a "fully effective backstop" against the break-up of the euro, it's quite possible that the crisis in the eurozone would be over by now.

Stephanie FlandersFormer economics editor Of course countries like Spain would still be having a tough time, but we might well not be talking about them as much - and we might not be paying so much attention to ECB press conferences. Needless to say, Mario Draghi's predecessor at the top of the ECB never said anything nearly as supportive. And the bond purchases he reluctantly sanctioned in 2010 and 2011 were a lot more half-hearted than the programme of "outright monetary transactions" described, at some length, by Mr Draghi, today. Is talk of an ECB "backstop" enough to resolve the crisis in the autumn of 2012, under President Draghi? Initially, some in the financial markets seemed to have their doubts. The immediate reaction to Mr Draghi was that people sold euros, and the value of the currency fell. But stock markets have leaped since the end of the press conference, suggesting that - for once -the ECB has not disappointed. The ECB president talked, again and again, about conditionality - about the strings that would be attached to the new bond purchases. And, for good measure, he revealed that the ECB would seek IMF involvement in crafting the terms of that conditionality. That makes it sound like the Outright Monetary Transactions, or OMT - one twitter wag suggested it should stand for "On My Tab"- will be hard for countries to get, and easy to lose. Perhaps. But we should remember that "IMF involvement" doesn't mean quite what it used to mean. In devising the European bailout programmes, it has been the European Commission and the governments that have been insisting on the toughest terms. By comparison, the IMF staff have usually been the doves, asking for slower timetables when it comes to cutting the budget deficits, and calling for a greater focus on growth. Prime Minister Rajoy will note that they have especially pushed for a slower path of deficit reduction in Spain. We should also remember what Mario Draghi did not say. He did not say there would be any limits on the purchases. And he did not say the vote was unanimous. The ECB's governing council went ahead with this programme, despite German opposition. And it did so, despite the evident discomfort within the institution about being even "one leg" of a programme which to many of them feels like the central bank letting profligate governments and unwise private investors off the hook. If you were Mario Draghi you would talk a lot about conditionality as well. You would also want to assert, again and again, that the central bank had not and would not compromise on its independence. Even to the point, some will say, of protesting too much. Some in the financial markets will be disappointed by his performance. They - and many governments - will certainly be disappointed that it has taken so long for the ECB to step up to the plate. We should not forget that many hardliners - inside and outside the ECB - will be deeply disappointed too.

यदि जीन-क्लाउड ट्रिचेट ने कभी घोषणा की थी कि यूरोपीय केंद्रीय बैंक (ई. सी. बी.) यूरो के टूटने के खिलाफ "पूरी तरह से प्रभावी बैकस्टॉप" प्रदान करने के लिए तैयार था, तो यह काफी संभव है कि यूरोज़ोन में संकट अब तक समाप्त हो जाएगा।


NBA play-offs: LeBron breaks Toronto fans' hearts - again

Summary: Another year, another knockout thanks to The King.

The Toronto Raptors have been eliminated from the NBA play-offs by LeBron James' Cleveland Cavaliers for the third year running. It's all getting a little bit deja vu. The Cavaliers won four straight matches in a best-of-seven play-off semi-final against the Canadian team, who beat their record number of wins this season. But the Raptors were no match for Cleveland's 33-year-old talisman, whose final-second basket confirmed the Cavs' place in the NBA Eastern Conference finals. "There's no hiding it - LeBron James is a beast," says Matt Shearer, who runs the Toronto Raptors UK fan page. Matt's had some late nights over the bank holiday weekend to catch the matches - so was understandably disappointed come Tuesday morning. "For the third year, the Cleveland Cavaliers have knocked us out in four games," he tells Newsbeat. "This year it was a big disappointment because we did so well in the regular season. "The fans all thought there'd be big things this year." But one man had different ideas. LeBron proved why he's called The King throughout the four matches - but his best shot came in the final few seconds of game three. With eight seconds to go, Toronto's British rookie OG Anunoby scored a three-pointer to take it to 103-103. "I was on the edge of my seat for that one," says Matt. "It came down to: 'Right, we have to stop them from scoring'." Then LeBron took the ball. "Unfortunately the rest is history," Matt says. He dribbled the length of the court, netting from the left as the buzzer went. It showed the only difference between the two teams in that match was LeBron. What's also disappointing for Matt is that the Raptors beat the Cavaliers in the regular season by about 30 points. "They've suddenly stepped up. Whether that's the LeBron factor, who knows - I think a lot of it is psychological." Matt thinks the Raptors' tactics were to try and take LeBron out of the game. "But the other guys in the Cavaliers stepped it up as well." Meanwhile, it sounds like the Cavaliers' tactics were simple - their coach Tyronn Lue said on Sunday: "You just get the ball to Bron at the end of the game." Surprisingly, Matt hopes to draw the Cavaliers again next year - so they can get their own back after being eliminated by the Ohio team for three years running. But can the Toronto Raptors avoid being knocked out for a fourth straight year? "It all depends if LeBron stays." Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 every weekday on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra - if you miss us you can listen back here.

एक और साल, द किंग के लिए एक और नॉकआउट धन्यवाद।


Three charged over Bristol ATM raids

Summary: Three men have been charged in connection with attempted thefts from six cash machines in Bristol.

Police made 22 arrests at about 04:15 BST on Monday after CCTV operators saw people acting suspiciously at six cash machines in the city centre. Three men were charged with going equipped for theft and are due to appear at Bristol Magistrates' Court. Police released 19 others on bail and served four of those with extradition papers over immigration issues. Anyone with information has been urged to contact the police.

ब्रिस्टल में छह नकद मशीनों से चोरी के प्रयास के संबंध में तीन लोगों पर आरोप लगाया गया है।


Horror of Srebrenica's mass graves from the air

Summary: Jamie Adam was one of the first people to gain aerial access to the site of the Srebrenica massacre, as part of the UN's de-mining programme in Bosnia in 1996. Here he gives a compelling account of his experiences.

I was brought in by the UN in early 1996 to help set up the de-mining programme in Bosnia-Hercegovina, as deputy head of the overall programme and head of the Mine Action Centre Sarajevo Region. At this stage, most of the utilities were cut off or intermittent around the country because everything was heavily mined and booby-trapped. Initially, we had to go through several minefields just to get into our temporary offices in a bombed-out factory near the airport. One of the most abiding memories of my tour, though, was having to go out one day to survey all the mass atrocity sites in Bosnia-Hercegovina. We were trying to work out a safe way of getting investigators for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in without being blown up, as many of the sites were camouflaged and heavily booby-trapped. Flattened houses A representative of the ICTY and I took a US helicopter to look at each site and discuss recommendations, plus several combat cameramen to record evidence. A second helicopter full of assorted personnel came along "for the ride". Flying over villages at low level, you could see where certain individual houses had been selectively flattened - reportedly often by herding the family inside with the gas on, and then throwing a grenade in. I'd never seen houses reduced to a mere plinth before. It varied from village to village as to which ethnic grouping had suffered - they were all as bad as each other. In some places, you could see where large numbers of people had been lined up against a wall and shot. Srebrenica was by far the worst. For several kilometres, you could see evidence of where huge numbers had been herded up a dead-end valley (after reportedly being told it was a safe route out of the area) and then machine-gunned. The whole valley was scattered with personal belongings and remains of clothing. There were no bodies - carrion would have removed any remains left by then - but there were many mass graves. These had been camouflaged quite carefully with piles of logs so they would have been hard to spot from the ground. It was only from the air that the signs of recent digging were clearly visible underneath. It was clear that some really, really bad stuff had happened here. The people in the second helicopter, who had been very gung ho at the start of the day, were absolutely silent later on. I suspect that they, like me, still remember that view of Srebrenica even now. I still, somewhere, have some of the photos I took of Srebrenica from the air, and for me it remains the nadir of humanity in the Balkans. Jamie Adam was the deputy head of the UN Mine Action Centre for Bosnia-Hercegovina in Sarajevo in 1996, and went on to work for Nato as a Balkans specialist

जेमी एडम 1996 में बोस्निया में संयुक्त राष्ट्र के खनन कार्यक्रम के हिस्से के रूप में स्रेब्रेनिसा नरसंहार स्थल तक हवाई पहुंच प्राप्त करने वाले पहले लोगों में से एक थे। यहाँ वे अपने अनुभवों का एक सम्मोहक विवरण देते हैं।


Life with a stoma: Is there enough mental health support for those facing surgery?

Summary: Earlier this month, a man who did not want to live with a stoma died after a judge ruled life-support treatment could end. His story caused an outpouring of shock amongst the stoma community and prompted the question - is there enough mental health support for those facing surgery?

By Bryony HopkinsBBC Ouch Having lived with a stoma for four years as a teenager, the complex emotions this patient must have felt weighed heavy on my heart. The man, referred to as MSP, from South Yorkshire, was in his 30s and had given judge Mr Justice Hayden an "advanced decision" to indicate he did not want to live with a permanent stoma, after a decade of "painful and complex abdominal problems". A stoma is an opening on the abdomen which connects to your digestive or urinary system and allows waste to be diverted out of your body and into an ostomy bag. MSP had previously lived with a temporary stoma and had been advised it needed to be made permanent. The judge noted he had "utterly loathed life with a stoma." He said: "His confidence and self-esteem has been adversely impacted. His capacity to forge and maintain interpersonal relationships has been significantly eroded." I too experienced a decade of excruciating ill health at the hands of Crohn's Disease, a bowel disease which causes severe inflammation of the digestive system. Symptoms include pain, loss of blood, weight loss, diarrhoea and fatigue. Aged 12 I was told I must have 90% of my large intestine removed and a temporary ileostomy formed. I felt a crushing sense of anxiety but I also hoped that however hard it would be, it would give me my life back. And it did. Once I had my ileostomy, I was able to go back to school, go on trips and see friends. These had been impossible whilst Crohn's obliterated my colon. My ileostomy made my life mine again. Adjusting to it took time and extra support for my mental health was absolutely essential to my recovery. MSP's decision has prompted many people to share their own ostomy stories and query whether there is enough support for people facing this life-changing procedure. "Stomas save a lot of our lives" Moeed Majeed, 29, from London, was diagnosed with Crohn's while at university and describes the period as a "really, really bad time". But when the prospect of surgery arose he thought, "no way". He was given a year to decide. He says at the time he wasn't enjoying life, felt terrible and didn't look the way he wanted so concluded: "I may as well try it and see what happens." In some cases, stomas are formed on a temporary basis, to let the bowel heal or to help resolve an intestinal narrowing. Some patients may have their stoma reversed, or it might have to be made permanent further down the line, like MSP's. Moeed had his temporary stoma formed in 2015 and says adapting to it was challenging. "It took me four to five months to get back on my feet and to a point where I felt confident and healthy enough to go back to work and go to the gym. Things I actually hadn't been able to do for a long, long time. "I am really comfortable and happy with my stoma. I don't care what anyone thinks. Stomas save a lot of our lives." Moeed says mental health support and talking to others throughout the procedure was crucial. He was offered support, first through his university then later by his hospital, but acknowledges this is not always available. "Having an outlet to talk about what's on your mind and what you're going through is beneficial. "It empowers you," he says. "It's a bit upsetting it's difficult to get mental health support, because [I think] 65% of this whole thing is about your mental state." "I wouldn't have been able to have children" Mr Phil Tozer, a colorectal surgeon at St Mark's Hospital in London, performs stoma surgery for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and other conditions including bowel cancer. He agrees mental health support for those facing stoma surgery is "relatively poorly dealt with, in the sense that there isn't enough resource for it". He says: "Stomas are sometimes seen by patients as the price they pay to stay alive. "For others, it isn't a price but a gift, which restores to them a quality of life which had been taken away from them by their disease". Yvonne, 30, from Somerset was diagnosed with Crohn's aged 11. After years of battling a severe abscess she had stoma surgery aged 20. "When I was told I needed a stoma I was very, very poorly and weighed about five stone. I had just had enough. I was just like 'please give me a stoma'." A year after Yvonne had her stoma formed, she got married and says it was a "blessing" compared to the discomfort she faced before. When she became pregnant, despite a few fears she says "as my belly grew, my stoma grew with it". Her baby girl was born with no complications, and a couple of years later Yvonne had a second child. "My stoma, my bowels and my body adapted to a new way of life," she says. Yvonne's stoma was made permanent after her second child and says she's never encountered any issues with her mental health. "If it wasn't for my bag, I wouldn't have been able to have children. If it wasn't for my bag, I never would have got married and had a family. If it wasn't for my bag, I would not be here today." An NHS England spokesperson said funding was "growing" for mental health services "so more people than ever before are able to access high quality services whether that is following stoma surgery or in any other circumstance". It said those "concerned" about their mental wellbeing should seek "early advice" from friends and family or self-help websites such as Every Mind Matters "and if your symptoms worsen then NHS is here for you". Lisa Younge, the Crohn's and Colitis UK Nursing Programme Manager says more mental health support is needed. She speaks to patients living with a stoma, or facing the decision about surgery, every day and says taboos around talking about bowels make people worry others won't accept their ostomy. "So many people say to me at the beginning, 'there is no way I'm having that stoma' and I think allowing those feelings to come out and recognising why they feel like that is so important." She says it's essential people gather as much information prior to surgery as possible and talk to others who have a stoma. Often she speaks with these patients after surgery and finds the stoma has "changed their lives for the better". You can follow Bryony on Twitter.For more Disability News, follow BBC Ouch on Twitter and Facebook, and subscribe to the podcast.

इस महीने की शुरुआत में, एक व्यक्ति जो स्टोमा के साथ नहीं रहना चाहता था, उसकी मृत्यु हो गई जब एक न्यायाधीश ने फैसला सुनाया कि जीवन-समर्थन उपचार समाप्त हो सकता है। उसकी कहानी ने स्टोमा समुदाय के बीच सदमे का कारण बना और सवाल उठाया-क्या सर्जरी का सामना करने वालों के लिए पर्याप्त मानसिक स्वास्थ्य समर्थन है?


IMF lines up behind Treasury on Brexit costs

Summary: Last December, Christine Lagarde was in a more positive mood.

Kamal AhmedFormer economics editor@bbckamalon Twitter Globally, economies were growing at a "reasonable" pace. Recent progress on the Brexit negotiations between the UK and the rest of the European Union were "welcome". Both sides had just agreed the outline of the withdrawal agreement and divorce bill. Nine months on and today a much bleaker assessment from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and its managing director. The challenges on Brexit were "daunting", the IMF said. A "no deal" would have a significant and negative shock effect on the UK economy. And any Brexit deal, Chequers or otherwise, was also likely to mean a smaller economy in the future. There was still no solution to the Ireland border question. An economic "Brexit dividend' - relied on by Theresa May to pay for at least some of the extra funding promised for the NHS - was unlikely to arrive quickly enough. Yes, exports had been boosted by the fall in the value of sterling after the referendum, but not by enough to offset other negative effects. And such was the level of uncertainty around the Brexit process there was even a warning for the Bank of England on interest rates. "Further withdrawal of monetary stimulus should await clear confirmation of a durable rise in domestic cost pressures," the IMF said. Which, in plainer language, means don't increase interest rates until it is crystal clear that inflation - prices - are going up too strongly for the economy to cope. Before Ms Lagarde made her speech this morning, Philip Hammond made a short statement. "We must heed the warnings of the IMF about not reaching a deal," he said. The chancellor is clear. His political colleagues, he believes, need to focus on the economic effects of a "no deal" as outlined today by the IMF. And not flirt with the idea that, somehow, it might not have the negative economic effects outlined today. "No-one voted to be poorer," he said last year. The Treasury believes the IMF's analysis is correct. A "no deal" would carry significant economic costs.

पिछले दिसंबर में, क्रिस्टीन लेगार्ड अधिक सकारात्मक मनोदशा में थीं।


Phil Bale survives Cardiff Labour leadership challenge

Summary: Cardiff council leader Phil Bale has survived a leadership challenge at the annual general meeting of the city's Labour group.

Mr Bale failed to get re-elected as Labour leader - and thereby council leader - a week ago with the vote tied. But on Monday he was re-elected despite a challenge by councillor Lynda Thorne. Mr Bale told BBC Wales he was "happy with the result" and "excited about the city's future". Opposition councillors have previously called for him to resign and several people within his own party felt he should have stepped down. The Llanishen councillor survived a vote of no confidence in March after he struggled to pass his budget.

कार्डिफ परिषद के नेता फिल बेल शहर के श्रम समूह की वार्षिक आम बैठक में नेतृत्व की चुनौती से बच गए हैं।


Edinburgh Tram Inquiry: 'Bizarre' agency was not on board

Summary: Edinburgh tram firm Tie's former chief executive said it was bizarre Transport Scotland did not have anyone on the board as it was giving 80% funding.

Richard Jeffrey who took on the role in 2009 said it was unhelpful to have them disengaged from the scheme. The Scottish government removed Transport Scotland from the bodies overseeing the trams after failing to get the project scrapped. The inquiry is examining why the tram system was delivered years late. It is also looking at why the project was £400m over budget and mired in legal dispute. Mr Jeffrey also said the contract was laughably complex and confusing. He said when he started in the role there was no completed design, no idea of final cost and no clear way forward. He said the consortium building the tram infrastructure were holding them to ransom. The inquiry, before Lord Hardie, continues.

एडिनबर्ग ट्राम फर्म टाई के पूर्व मुख्य कार्यकारी ने कहा कि यह विचित्र था कि ट्रांसपोर्ट स्कॉटलैंड के बोर्ड में कोई नहीं था क्योंकि यह 80 प्रतिशत धन दे रहा था।


Lewis Bagshaw death: Third man charged with murder

Summary: A third man has been charged with the murder of a man who died after being found with stab wounds in a street.

Lewis Bagshaw, 21, died in hospital after being discovered on Piper Crescent, Sheffield, on 21 July. Callum Ramsey, 18, of Batworth Drive in Sheffield will appear before Sheffield Magistrates' Court later, police said. Jervaise Bennett, 20, and a 16-year-old boy, who cannot be named for legal reasons, have previously been charged with Mr Bagshaw's murder. Follow BBC Yorkshire on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to yorkslincs.news@bbc.co.uk.

तीसरे व्यक्ति पर एक व्यक्ति की हत्या का आरोप लगाया गया है, जिसकी सड़क पर चाकू के घावों के साथ मौत हो गई थी।


Andean water 'sponges' being squeezed by changing climate

Summary: Scientists researching future water supplies in the Andes are increasingly worried that high-altitude cities like Quito and Bogota could be adversely affected by warmer temperatures drying out grassland areas known as "paramos", as James Painter reports.

The paramos are cold and moist grasslands and shrublands that cover the mountainsides of the northern Andes from Venezuela to Peru, at elevations of between 3,000m and 5,000m (10,000-16,400ft). Scientists say the way the paramos react to climate change could have a much bigger impact on water supplies for some cities than melting glaciers. "Like glaciers, paramos act like vast sponges, storing and releasing water," says Quito-based Bert De Bievre, the co-ordinator of the region-wide Consortium for Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion (CONDESAN). "But overall, the paramos store a lot more water in their soil than glaciers." Growing threat A major problem facing the paramos is that higher global temperatures could dry out the soil and vegetation, thus reducing their capacity to trap surplus water in the rainy season and releasing it in the dry season. Mr De Bievre was one of the authors of a recent study that used computer modelling to suggest significant losses to paramo areas this century when temperatures increase. The reduction in the size of the paramos would add another layer of stress to water supplies already under threat from population growth, melting glaciers and changes to agriculture. "Cities throughout the Andes are facing huge water pressures in the future," says Wouter Buytaert, an Andean water specialist at Imperial College London. "Population growth will probably be the biggest driver of declines in per capita water availability. But some cities are also particularly vulnerable to changes to the paramos." Mr Buytaert points out that the cities of Quito and Cuenca in Ecuador, and the Colombian capital, Bogota, get most of their water from the paramos. Patricio Falconi Moncayo, a senior engineer at Quito's water company EPMAPS, is very aware of the crucial role the paramos play in regulating the water supply to the Ecuadorean capital. "We recently bought a large hacienda under the Antizana volcano to help us protect the paramo," he explains. "Along with other measures, this will help the supply of water to the Mica reservoir, which feeds 600,000 inhabitants in the southern part of Quito." Quito residents also pay a small percentage of their water bill into a fund to help conserve the paramo. It is thought to be the only such initiative in Latin America. Thirsty population Another problem Mr Falconi identifies is the high personal consumption of water by Quito's population. It is estimated to be 250 litres (55 gallons) per person per day, compared to 100 litres in the United Kingdom. But Mr Falconi says they have achieved a significant reduction due to educational campaigns. Scientists are at pains to point out that there are a lot of uncertainties affecting Andean water supplies in the future. In particular, it is not known with much accuracy what will happen to regional rainfall patterns as temperatures rise. For example, Mr Buytaert has carried out studies showing that water depletion as a result of climate change can rise by as much as 10% or fall by up to 10%, depending on rainfall patterns and other factors like evaporation. Quito is not the only Andean city to be at risk. La Paz in Bolivia is estimated to rely on surrounding glaciers for between 15% and 27% of its water depending on the season. Managing expectations Along with rain and snowfall, glacial water feeds into high altitude wetlands known as bofedales, which also play a significant role in water regulation. But not much is known about how bofedales will be affected by climate change. Scientists say there is an urgent need for more research on both wetland and dryland areas in the Andes to get a better sense of what will affect water supplies in a warming world. "We need to know much more about water storage and regulation mechanisms in high altitude organic soils, and how those would change under warmer conditions," warns Mr De Bievre. "This would allow water officials in Andean cities to know better what to expect."

जेम्स पेंटर की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, एंडीज में भविष्य की जल आपूर्ति पर शोध करने वाले वैज्ञानिक तेजी से चिंतित हैं कि क्विटो और बोगोटा जैसे उच्च ऊंचाई वाले शहर गर्म तापमान से "पैरामोस" के रूप में जाने जाने वाले घास के मैदानों को सूखने से प्रतिकूल रूप से प्रभावित हो सकते हैं।


Groundhog Day: From screen to stage

Summary: Tim Minchin is worried. He may be a successful comedian, actor and composer, but he says he "just feels sick all the time" ahead of the world premiere of his new musical Groundhog Day. It opens at The Old Vic in London in August.

By Rebecca JonesArts correspondent, BBC News Minchin has written the score and the lyrics for the show, which reunites the creative team behind the musical Matilda and has been a huge hit on both sides of the Atlantic. And although he insists he likes Groundhog Day "as much as Matilda", he is nervous about how the show will be received. "I have not been sleeping and my guts are in a knot. It's hard," he says. He has spent four years working on the stage version which is based on the film, starring Bill Murray, about a man who has to relive the same day over and over again. Although Minchin thinks the film is "brilliant", he says he tries not to think about it and hasn't watched it since he embarked on the project. He also believes the story of a man stuck in a time loop is actually more suited to the stage than the screen. "The concept of a person trapped in a day, trapped in a world, the parameters of which they don't understand, it screams theatre," he says. "It's like Waiting for Godot or Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead. These characters, who have to find their way philosophically through a life that they don't comprehend. "So I think Groundhog Day should be a piece of theatre. And then the question is, can you make it sing?" It certainly posed a musical challenge, but not necessarily the one you might think. Minchin says he has lost count of the number of people who have approached him and asked: "Groundhog Day, it's just the same song over and over again right?" He laughs weakly, but however flippant, the comment clearly frustrates him. "Songs in a musical illuminate the state of mind of the person singing. The music can't repeat all the time because the state of mind of the character isn't the same. "Even though there is repetition in the world that he is in, his state of mind alters dramatically and so what he sings is going to change. The idea that you are singing the same song is absurd." The concept of Groundhog Day as a musical had been floated since the film was released in 1993. There had been rumours of various projects, with Stephen Sondheim working on one for a while. However none of them came to anything. But Danny Rubin, who wrote the film - and now the script for the stage show - says he thought it would make a good musical "from the very beginning". "I love musicals, I play instruments and write songs and I thought this was something that would be fantastic at some point," he says. But he was in no rush because, he says: "I didn't want Groundhog Day to be the only thing I was doing in my life." Nonetheless he worked on a draft stage version on and off for 20 years. He had more or less finished it when the director Matthew Warchus rang him to discuss the idea, so the timing could not have been better. Bill Murray's performance was central to the film's success. But Rubin never doubted the musical could work without him. "Bill was fantastic. He really defined the character and defined the movie," Rubin says. However I always felt the story would withstand any number of ways of telling it. And the character didn't need to be Bill Murray. "We've found ways to let the character be somebody else. There is a lot of Tim Minchin that comes through and may be some other aspects of me that come through as well. I think Bill will be pleased. Producers say they "would love Bill Murray to come and see the show when it is ready and open". "He will find a rich musical that builds hilariously and movingly on the film. We hope he likes it." Rubin says he hopes the audience will like it too - and enjoy an experience that is even more fulfilling than watching the film. Minchin, meanwhile, is asking people who come to see the show, to turn off their mobile phones and "turn your mind on". "You can't have your phone on in a theatre. It's a horrible, disrespectful thing to do to be honest," he says. "It's very hard for actors if people have got their phones on. I have been on stage and looked out and seen glowing faces. "People are really thick about phones. I just wish audiences would engage." Groundhog Day will run for 10 weeks at the Old Vic before, Minchin hopes, moving to Broadway. "It will go if it's good," he says. "Work like this will live or die on its merits." Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.

टिम मिनचिन चिंतित है। वह एक सफल हास्य अभिनेता, अभिनेता और संगीतकार हो सकता है, लेकिन वह कहता है कि वह अपने नए संगीतमय ग्राउंडहॉग डे के विश्व प्रीमियर से पहले "हर समय बीमार महसूस करता है"। यह अगस्त में लंदन के द ओल्ड विक में शुरू होता है।


Plan B announces new UK tour

Summary: Plan B has confirmed details of a new UK tour.

The 8-date jaunt begins on 8 April in Bristol before concluding in London later in the month. The London singer/rapper has also confirmed his forthcoming second album The Deformation Of Strickland Banks will be released on 5 April. Tickets for the gigs go on sale Friday 22 January. The full dates are: Bristol Anson Rooms - 8 April Oxford Academy - 9 Birmingham Academy 2 - 10 Brighton Concorde 2 - 11 Classic Grand, Glasgow - 13 Cockpit, Leeds - 14 Manchester Academy 2 - 15 London Shepherds Bush Empire - 16

प्लान बी ने ब्रिटेन के एक नए दौरे के विवरण की पुष्टि की है।


Storm-hit cider producers face uncertain future

Summary: One of the wettest winters in memory has flooded England's orchards and left its cider industry facing an uncertain future. Now the Chancellor has decided to freeze duty on ordinary cider to help producers. But what damage has the weather done?

By Jerry ChesterBBC News Thousands of acres of farmland vanished under water during the recent floods. Among them were about half of England's prime cider apple-producing orchards in Herefordshire and Somerset. Cider apple trees and floodwater do not mix, as Julian Temperley, who has 170 acres of orchards at Kingsbury Episcopi, near Martock in Somerset, knows to his cost. He said the flooding had been "a severe problem" and growers would not know until the spring whether their orchards had been destroyed by the winter storms. "We've had an appalling late December, January and February - trees over the whole of the South West have taken a hammering," he said. "There's certainly a big worry about waterlogged trees - there will be a considerable number dying. "We have one orchard that's been under a foot of water... I'm not certain if the trees will survive." Walking around the Herefordshire orchards owned by Kier Rogers it is easy to see the effects of the recent flooding. Farm tracks are pitted with suspension-threatening ruts and potholes and the earth around the trees still has a greenish tinge from the standing water. Mr Rogers' orchards are protected from the nearby River Wye by flood defences, but the recent heavy rain has brought a fresh problem. His farm lies in a loop of the river and the 10in (25cm) of rain that fell on the Midlands in January and February, according to Met Office figures, have raised the water table, saturating the soil so rainwater cannot drain away. "We've had surface water here since the end of December when it started raining - and that causes me great concern - I don't know what the long-term effects on the trees, and the damage we will see this year," he said. Taking me around his orchards, he anxiously looks at the emerging buds on the trees that have been flooded. Last year he lost hundreds of trees and he must now wait to see what damage this year's deluge has done. "They took 15 years to grow and now they get lost to saturated soils," he said. Rob Collins, an apple grower and horticultural contractor who helps run an apprenticeship scheme in cider growing at Herefordshire and Ludlow College's Holme Lacy Campus, explained that if the trees stand in waterlogged soil or standing water for more than 14 days it kills off the roots. "It is the fibrous roots that can't be seen by the naked eye that are affected the worst," he said. "These are the roots that do all the work and are the most vulnerable to being killed off [by water] - they need to breathe." The time when the tree is flowering is the most "energy sapping", he said, and if the roots have died it "gets so far and then can't survive". The problem is made worse, he said, by a bacteria which thrives in standing water and is attracted to tree roots "speeding up the dying process". "The thing is you don't realise it's happened until half way through the season, and with flood damage the tree will die very quickly," he added. This means growers whose orchards have been flooded or waterlogged face a ticking time bomb. They will not know the extent of damage until May or June, when their trees could either produce apples as normal or die virtually overnight. The National Association of Cider Makers is preparing for the worst but hoping for good news. "Many [producers] will lose trees that will need to be replanted," said Paul Bartlett, its chairman. "We hope for the best, though recognise that the potential impact could seriously affect the income of growers this season and for several years to come." Bill Wiggin, MP for North Herefordshire, knows the importance of apple growing and cider production to his rural constituency. Herefordshire manufacturer Bulmers have 10,000 acres of orchards and 180 farmers growing apples for them on contract - 30% of the apples grown in the UK go into their cider, the company said. Mr Wiggin's call for the cider duty escalator, which automatically raises the amount of tax on the drink in the budget, to be scrapped was heeded by the Chancellor in his budget. "With some cider makers in the West Country hit hard by the recent weather, I am going to help them by freezing the duty on ordinary cider," George Osborne announced. Mr Bartlett said it was "great news" the chancellor has recognised the impact on growers and cider makers of the winter storms and rain. "It protects the investment [growers] have made over many years to grow the industry and support the rural community, as well as supporting thousands of jobs." Meanwhile, as the waters recede on the Somerset levels, Mr Temperley, said cider producers had another worry - the impact of the floods on tourism. "The cider culture of our part of England has a considerable number of small farms making cider," he said. "We are affected not just by the trees dying but by people not coming to the area. "People have to be persuaded to come back to Somerset, which they're not doing at the moment."

यादों में सबसे आर्द्र सर्दियों में से एक ने इंग्लैंड के बगीचों में बाढ़ ला दी है और इसके साइडर उद्योग को अनिश्चित भविष्य का सामना करना पड़ रहा है। अब चांसलर ने उत्पादकों की मदद के लिए साधारण साइडर पर शुल्क को फ्रीज करने का फैसला किया है। लेकिन मौसम ने क्या नुकसान किया है?


Great Yarmouth: Tourist spot hopes for 'best summer ever'

Summary: The government's roadmap to life out of lockdown has dangled the carrot of a return to normal life - at least in England - by mid-summer. But with Easter breaks now not possible, how are businesses in one of the UK's tourism centres feeling about the future?

When the pandemic began, Great Yarmouth Hippodrome already had its set built for its Easter holiday show. But when the first national restrictions were imposed on 24 March, 15 box office, technical and ancillary staff at the Norfolk venue were furloughed, as fears built that arts venues would struggle to emerge from lockdown at all. "June is a long way off, but psychologically it helps so much," said the hippodrome's ringmaster, producer and impresario Jack Jay. "Our town is so heavily dependent on tourism, but there is a real sense that this could be a summer of rediscovery for British tourism." Mr Jay took the baton from his father Peter, who bought the historic venue in 1979 and is now its artistic curator. He said he was "naturally disappointed" that restrictions would not ease in time for Easter, but said it had not been unexpected. "Coming out of this is like a deep-sea dive - you need time for decompression at every stage. "We want to do it right and for this to be the last time [we face these restrictions]," he said. The grand art nouveau venue, built in 1903 and tucked away behind an amusement arcade, remains one of only three purpose-built circuses in the world where the stage sinks to reveal a full swimming pool. It resumed socially-distanced shows briefly last summer while permitted by lockdown laws, but with its capacity reduced from 900 to 300 spectators. Mr Jay said: "The final piece of the puzzle for us is what happens with furlough - will it be extended to support businesses through to the end of the lifting of restrictions? "That support, the final furlong of furlough, could be the final piece of the puzzle. It could even be our best ever year, and my God we need it." One of Great Yarmouth's biggest attractions is its Pleasure Beach, which regularly drew in almost a million visitors a year pre-Covid. "Obviously we're delighted that we're able to open from the 12 April although some indoor attractions won't be able to," said its managing director Albert Jones. "We did have a lot of help from the government with VAT, the rates, with furlough. Without that, we probably wouldn't be talking now." You may also be interested in: Asa Morrison from Great Yarmouth's Tourism Business Improvement District shares the same optimistic vision building in the resort. "Having visitors is the lifeblood of the town," he said. "If people can't have holidays abroad, we'd like to think they will have one in the UK. That gives us an opportunity for expansion and for growth." If the timetable set out by Prime Minister Boris Johnson meets best-case scenario targets, domestic overnight stays will be allowed from 12 April, which Mr Morrison said would mean the "ball can quietly get moving" as the summer months approach. "One of the biggest challenges in Great Yarmouth is that our tourism economy is worth £650m," he said. "It supports 13,000 jobs, 36% of the workforce... and we lost half of that in 2020. "We need to build it up to protect businesses and jobs, so we welcome the opportunity through this plan. Let's hope we can deliver together." The town also plans to introduce a 50m-tall (164ft) London Eye-style observation wheel to add to its post-pandemic appeal. In light of the PM's plan, some tour operators have already reported record demand for summer holiday bookings. James Knight from Norfolk Broads Direct said its lodgings were no exception. "Our phone lines are already red-hot and our email inbox is crammed. "It's a blow to miss out on the Easter holidays and we are working with those who had earlier holidays booked, but this is our light at the end of the tunnel. "The government are being realistic in their targets so we're certainly hopeful for 12 April. "The last year has been one foot in front of the other. At the moment it does look like we should have a good year or two in domestic tourism." Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email eastofenglandnews@bbc.co.uk Related Internet Links Hippodrome Circus Coronavirus (COVID-19) - NHS guidance Coronavirus (COVID-19)- government guidance

तालाबंदी से बाहर जीवन के लिए सरकार के रोडमैप ने सामान्य जीवन में वापसी के गाजर को लटका दिया है-कम से कम इंग्लैंड में-गर्मी के मध्य तक। लेकिन ईस्टर की छुट्टियों के साथ अब संभव नहीं है, यूके के पर्यटन केंद्रों में से एक में व्यवसाय भविष्य के बारे में कैसा महसूस कर रहे हैं?


Eurovision winning song formula revealed

Summary: It confounds nations every year when their hopes for Eurovision Song Contest victory are dashed, but a British professor of musicology thinks he has cracked the winning formula needed to gain 12 points from the judges and Europe's voters, to claim the title.

By Anna-Louise TaylorBBC News "We know how well the Balkans have always done in Eurovision, and they seem to like moustaches. "(The 2011 UK entry) Blue have not capitalised on what a moustache can do. If you want votes from Montenegro or Turkey you need a moustache," said long-haired, moustachioed Derek Scott, professor of critical musicology at the University of Leeds' School of Music. Prof Scott has researched Eurovision entries from the past 50 years to come up with the qualities a successful entry needs - and although he accepted moustaches perhaps did not add to musicality, he said any kind of "retro" visual element could help sell a song to the audience and gain all-important telephone votes. This year Eurovision is being held in Dusseldorf, Germany. Prof Scott has been watching the heats to see how the songs compare to those he has been analysing. Prof Scott examined songs from around the continent including Cliff Richard's Congratulations (1968), Lulu's Boom Bang a Bang (1969) and Belgium's 1986 entry, J'aime la vie. "I've been interested in the Eurovision Song Contest for a long time, and I've become more interested the more we seem to get dismal results in the UK. "One mistake is to think Eurovision songs are 'national' songs - it was set up to be a showcase for national music, but these are entertainment songs. That's the crucial thing to bear in mind." Leaving aside political voting motivations, the media circus and the overall stage show each act puts on, Professor Scott's research focused on the musical devices a successful song employed. He found there were several musical themes that could be used to guarantee success - an "enjoy life" theme, as used in Congratulations and J'aime La Vie, a "leisure time" theme, as found in Sandy Shaw's Puppet on a String, an "anthemic or aspirational" theme like "Love Shine a Light" by Katrina and the Waves, or a "parody" theme, a la Boom Bang a Bang. "These themes are tried and tested. If you go for one, you run in to fewer problems. "Love is another - but love interest songs are a problem, as it's such a wide audience, where do you pitch it? Some people are married, others not. A broader approach gets more votes." He found that including gestures in songs also helped with memorability. "Everyone remembers Bucks Fizz having their dresses ripped off - it's good to incorporate gestures that will appeal. Strangely, this year a lot of countries have gone for fake trumpeters." Prof Scott also believes the tempo of a song must be upbeat, but not too fast, so as not to alienate people listening to the songs for the first time. He said most successful songs had a specific rhythm and also stuck to a tried and trusted 16-bar verse and chorus formula. "This year more than half of the semi-finalists from across Europe have a two-beat rhythm." He said it was easy to find common denominators that successful songs had, but what was harder was looking at Eurovision disasters to find what acts should avoid. "Certainly there are things that rarely work, such as a three-beat rhythm, but then it did work for Dana's All Kinds of Everything (winning for Ireland, 1970)." A successful song also has a key change "to crank it up" towards the end of the piece, something he said the Swedish entries were good at doing. So has British band Blue employed enough of these devices to garner affection from across Europe and storm to the voting charts? "Blue are one one of the strongest entries we've had from the UK in a number of years. They have a strong reputation throughout Europe and the Germans are very fond of them. "Their song has got many of the features that make for success, the two-beat rhythm, a major key, it's got a retro quality because Blue are associated with a previous decade, it's got the aspirational words, I can, I will, I know... most people in foreign countries will know those verbs. "What it doesn't have, is the rise at the end - perhaps they thought that it was overdone, and it has an usual 24-bar structure. Normally people go for 16 as it makes it more memorable. "But the danger in that song is the awkward beginning - it is very difficult to work out exactly where to come in, and in a live concert this could be catastrophic. "I remember the catastrophe that was Jemini - they tripped up at the beginning and the whole song fell apart." Comedy or parody is a Eurovision stalwart, and Prof Scott said Finland's winning entry, monster-metallers Lordi (2006) fitted the bill. "Heavy metal has this moral concern, so to introduce comedy defies expectations." Based on his findings, Professor Scott has written his own song, called Be Nice to Nice People, and it contains nearly all the elements he has identified - ideally to avoid the dreaded "nul points" scenario. He said it was "a serious political and moral message guaranteed not to offend anyone" - a classic Eurovision tactic to win votes. So will he put himself forward to compete in Eurovision 2012? "Given I have long hair perhaps I could roar on to stage on a Triumph Bonneville," he said. "But already my colleagues in the music school have started a collection to stop me releasing my song. "I for one am totally sick of it." Hear more on the Today programme on Saturday May 14 between 0700 and 0900 BST.

यह हर साल राष्ट्रों को भ्रमित करता है जब यूरोविज़न गीत प्रतियोगिता की जीत की उनकी उम्मीदें धराशायी हो जाती हैं, लेकिन संगीत विज्ञान के एक ब्रिटिश प्रोफेसर को लगता है कि उन्होंने खिताब का दावा करने के लिए न्यायाधीशों और यूरोप के मतदाताओं से 12 अंक प्राप्त करने के लिए आवश्यक जीत के सूत्र को तोड़ दिया है।


South Africa education crisis fuels state school exodus

Summary: South Africa's education and finance ministers are being taken to court over poor standards at state schools. The BBC's Karen Allen investigates the education crisis and why some parents in Eastern Cape province are opting to send their children to private schools despite the cost.

"We are not a flashy family - I'm just an ordinary kid," says Simanye Zondani, 17, as he pores over his maths homework in the subdued light of his home. Since his parents died, his aunt has given up her smart "bachelorette" flat in Queenstown and opted instead for a house in the township. It means she can now just about afford the £700 ($1,100) to send her nephew to private school. Five thousand children, most of them from black families on modest incomes, are switching to independent schools annually. The quality varies, but in Gauteng province alone, South Africa's economic hub, more than 100 new schools have applied for registration in the past year. It is a response to a sense of failure in the state sector, argues Peter Bosman, the principal of Getahead High School, the low-cost private school which Simanye attends. "Parents want consistency and quality," he says - not with a sense of schadenfreude but resignation. Vacant posts and pit latrines The irony is that significant numbers of parents who send their children to private schools are themselves teachers in the state sector. For the past few years, the school has achieved pass rates of 83%-100% for the secondary school-leaving certificate known as matric. It is an impressive figure and is replicated among other low-cost private schools in deprived areas. Nationally, fewer than half of all school leavers pass that exam - an indictment of an education system that is dysfunctional, critics say. Far from being well-endowed with land and smart buildings, Getahead High is situated in a disused warehouse. It offers computers and sports facilities, which the vast majority of children who attend state schools can only dream of. But the principal insists it is not about bricks and mortar, but the quality of teachers. Many of the staff have returned from retirement to teach at the school and earn 10% less than their counterparts in the state sector. About 30km (18 miles) down the road, a rural state school, Nonkqubela Secondary, is struggling with outdoor pit latrines which have fallen into disrepair, while a third of all teaching posts remain vacant. "We used to have good results, but we are short of maths teachers, science teachers and when staff look at our facilities they decide not to come here," head teacher Khumzi Madikane laments. He says he cannot blame parents who can afford it, migrating to the private sector. But most of his pupils are dirt poor. Education in the Eastern Cape is in crisis, and the central government has taken over the running of the department after allegations of corruption and mismanagement. It is a sad indictment of a rural slice of South Africa which in the past century gave birth to some of the greatest minds in history, including Nelson Mandela and the late freedom fighter Walter Sisulu. Strikes But the Eastern Cape is not alone. The growth of low-cost primary schools, in response to a lack of faith in the state sector, is a trend that is spreading across the country. The independent sector has grown by 75% in the past decade. "It's been driven by parent demand," argues Ann Bernstein from the Johannesburg-based think tank, Centre for Development and Enterprise. The crisis no longer a dirty little secret, with the government itself admitting that 80% of state schools are failing. In a recent speech, Basic Education Minister Angie Motsheka revealed that 1,700 schools are still without a water supply and 15,000 schools are without libraries. Last week, campaign group Equal Education launched a court case to force the government to provide equal infrastructure at all schools. Ms Motsheka has already promised reforms and investment in infrastructure, but it is a Herculean task. It also requires political courage, argues Ms Bernstein. "We have research from various communities, and increasingly from government, saying that in many places, teachers are not in school on Mondays or Fridays, that many teachers have other jobs simultaneously and the actual amount of teaching going on in the classrooms is a fraction of what it should be," she says. Political courage, it would seem, means tackling the unions. Yet education in South Africa still suffers from the legacy of apartheid, where black children suffered inferior education to their white counterparts and were banned from certain subjects and deprived of good facilities. But more than 17 years after the end of white minority rule, observers argue that South Africa is struggling with more recent phenomena: Poor teacher training, corruption and maladministration, a highly unionised teaching profession and low morale. Back in the township, opting for a private school has come with huge sacrifices for Simanye's aunt, Nokwezi. "I've really had to squeeze myself but it is worth it - in state schools, if they have a disagreement the teachers go on strike," she says. The surge of low-cost private schools shows no sign of slowing down. Thousands of other grandmothers, brothers and sisters are scraping together the funds to send a child to school. Yet the vast majority of South African children have little choice but to opt for the local state school. Despite the best efforts of some committed staff, the exodus from state schools could see a generation of underachievers left behind.

दक्षिण अफ्रीका के शिक्षा और वित्त मंत्रियों को सरकारी स्कूलों में खराब मानकों को लेकर अदालत में ले जाया जा रहा है। बीबीसी की करेन एलन शिक्षा संकट की जांच करती है और क्यों पूर्वी केप प्रांत में कुछ माता-पिता लागत के बावजूद अपने बच्चों को निजी स्कूलों में भेजने का विकल्प चुन रहे हैं।


Covid-19: How will London and Essex cope with Tier 2 rules?

Summary: Millions of people across England will be banned from meeting friends and family inside their household from Saturday. The regions have been told they will move to stricter Tier 2 restrictions to try and stop the spread of coronavirus. But how will locals cope with the new rules?

By Sam FrancisBBC News, London The restrictions in London, Essex, York and other areas mean more than half of England's population will be living under high or very high-alert restrictions. The infection rate in London has been steadily increasing for several weeks and in the week to 9 October it was 77.8 cases per 100,000 people. Henry Conlon owns the Dublin Castle, an iconic pub and live music venue in the capital's Camden region, and he fears the worst. "This is the day the music died," he said. "If you can't meet your mates in the pub, then what's the point in them? "The 10pm curfew really stuck the knife in, but there was a bit of hope when things were returning to normality. "We'll be lucky if we can keep our staff after this." Tougher Tier 2 restrictions will put up to 250,000 jobs at risk in London's hospitality sector, according to the industry's trade body. Amanda, an A&E doctor in Essex, said she supported the move to Tier 2. "I think we should stop [the virus] now rather wait until it gets worse," she said. "We are coming into a full department in the morning and we have patients on trolleys waiting for wards, and that's before we've hit flu season. "It's dangerous to carry on and just assume everything will be fine." The leader of Essex County Council, David Finch, said it was the "correct decision" to move the region into Tier 2 restrictions. He said a stricter lockdown was "guided by the science and the fact is that the number of cases in Essex is rising exponentially". "We understand that the move to the High local Covid alert level may affect people's lives and businesses and understand the very strong feelings about this," he said. "However, we have a duty of care to the people of Essex, and we firmly believe that this is the best route to minimise disruptions, to save lives and to protect businesses." Jeremy Josesph, owner of the G-A-Y nightclub chain in London and Manchester, said the new lockdown rules were "too confusing". "Keeping households from mixing seems unmanageable," he said. "If a group come to G-A-Y, who's responsible in making sure they're all from the same household? And who gets fined? "We need the government to be working with business to make things work." Beth Stephenson, a shop manager from York, said she feel "frustrated" by the lockdown rules she feels "make no sense". Her work fitting women for bras means she is in close contact with people all day. "But now I can't meet my mum at her house, even if we socially distance," she says. "I think I'll go insane during another lockdown. I'm quite a social person. Ms Stephenson says she now plans to "have a few friends round for a few drinks tomorrow whilst I still can". Ruth Ifode, from Brentford, says she has made emergency plans to see her parents on Friday night. "I don't know when I'll next get to see them," she added."I kind of wish we just did a proper lockdown. You can see we're creeping towards it anyway, when you see people dancing in the streets, people are misbehaving and won't listen to the experts." The areas to go into Tier 2 restrictions this weekend are: Mayor of London Sadiq Khan believes the new restrictions are "necessary in order to protect Londoners lives". Speaking at Mayor's Question Time, he said: "Nobody wants to see more restrictions. "This move is based on the expert public health and scientific advice about what is necessary to save lives in the capital." The lobby group Campaign for Real Ale (Camra) said pubs in areas being placed into Tier 2 were "being put into a devastating danger zone". Nik Antona, Camra's chairman, said they would suffer the "additional restrictions" without the "additional support" that forms part of a Tier 3 lockdown. "Because pubs aren't being forced to close, they aren't eligible for Government support - despite being forced to operate under much tighter restrictions that other businesses," he said. "This also has a huge knock on effect for our brewers, who will struggle to get their product to market."

इंग्लैंड भर में लाखों लोगों को शनिवार से अपने घर के अंदर दोस्तों और परिवार से मिलने पर प्रतिबंध लगा दिया जाएगा। क्षेत्रों को बताया गया है कि वे कोरोनावायरस के प्रसार को रोकने के लिए सख्त टियर 2 प्रतिबंधों की ओर बढ़ेंगे। लेकिन स्थानीय लोग नए नियमों का सामना कैसे करेंगे?


Girl and woman hurt in 'targeted' Birmingham shooting

Summary: A 15-year-old girl has been injured in a "targeted" shooting in Birmingham, West Midlands Police says.

The teenager and a 36-year-old woman were hurt on Frodesley Road, in the Stechford area of the city, at about 21:40 BST on Thursday, according to the force. Both suffered gunshot wounds and are in hospital with minor injuries. The force said enquiries were on-going but believed the shooting to have been a targeted attack.

वेस्ट मिडलैंड्स पुलिस का कहना है कि बर्मिंघम में एक "लक्षित" गोलीबारी में एक 15 वर्षीय लड़की घायल हो गई है।


No-deal Brexit: Should NHS patients be worried?

Summary: Hospitals warning vital supplies might run out and operations would be cancelled, an ambulance service stockpiling tyres, and officials "close to panic" - these are recent stories about NHS efforts to plan for the possible consequences of the UK leaving the European Union with no agreement in place at the end of March.

Hugh PymHealth editor@BBCHughPymon Twitter So, should patients be worried? There are two answers. Ministers and NHS leaders say every effort is being made to ensure there will be enough medicines and clinical equipment available in the event of delays to imports caused by traffic chaos near the Channel ports. The Whitehall line is that everything that can be done is being done. But the other point being made is this is an unprecedented scenario - and nobody can be sure what will happen if the UK leaves the EU without an agreement. There is a tension at the heart of NHS no-deal planning. On the one hand, there is a need to reassure the public and avoid panic stockpiling of medicines, which would simply exacerbate supply shortages. But on the other, senior hospital executives need to identify the risks to their organisations and patient care and warn of any gaps in planning. Brexit halt to blood donor sessions amid traffic fears reversed Pharmacists warn of a 'surge' in shortage of common medicines Brexit: Is NHS already finding it hard to get medicines? Brexit: NHS managers warn about impact of no deal A board paper at a leading hospital trust, revealed by BBC News, sets out in stark terms what might happen in a chaotic no-deal scenario. In it, Dr David Rosser, chief executive of University Hospitals Birmingham Trust, says: "By far the greatest concern is the availability of medicines, devices and clinical supplies." He questions the reassurances from the government and says trusts still don't know which products are at risk. Trusts, he says, could "quickly run out of vital medical supplies". Dr Rosser makes the point that complex surgery on a patient does not begin until thorough checks are made on the right supplies and equipment being available. But the checks applied in the operating theatres do not, he says, cover post-operative care, during which medicines might not be obtainable. And there would, therefore, have to be widespread cancellations of non-urgent operations. The Birmingham memo has emerged days after news of a discussion about a no-deal Brexit at a board meeting of University College London Hospitals Trust was revealed in the Evening Standard. Close to panic At this meeting, the chief executive, Prof Marcel Levi, told colleagues the tone from government and NHS officials had changed completely in recent weeks. And words of reassurance had been replaced by "almost daily communications which are very close to panic". Meanwhile, it has also emerged that separate papers, for the London Ambulance Service board, include a reference to preparing for "potential disruption following the UK's exit from the EU". And this includes stockpiling fuel and tyres and "discussions with the military… to establish support if required in the event of political unrest". Ministers and NHS leaders, meanwhile, say they already have robust contingency plans for a difficult no-deal Brexit scenario: And NHS officials say they have completed an exhaustive analysis of drugs that might be affected by supply disruption. A Department of Health and Social Care official said: "We are working closely with the NHS, industry and the supply chain to make detailed plans to ensure continued access to healthcare, medical devices and clinical supplies in the event of no deal." But clearly hospital managers are not totally convinced that national level contingency planning as currently described is sufficient. The deputy chief executive of NHS Providers, Saffron Cordery, said: "Trusts are following advice from government closely - but at this stage, they urgently need more clarity. "A disorderly Brexit could pose a risk to the supply of medicines and equipment. "There would also be implications for staffing across vital health and care roles." Ministers have a tricky balance to find. Patients need reassuring that stockpiles are in place to ensure their medication will be obtainable. But hospital managers have to be helped to cover every eventuality that might threaten patient safety. As long as no deal is agreed and 29 March draws closer, this balancing act will become harder to achieve.

अस्पतालों को चेतावनी देते हुए कि महत्वपूर्ण आपूर्ति समाप्त हो सकती है और संचालन रद्द कर दिया जाएगा, एक एम्बुलेंस सेवा टायरों का भंडारण कर रही है, और अधिकारी "घबराने के करीब" हैं-ये मार्च के अंत में बिना किसी समझौते के ब्रिटेन के यूरोपीय संघ छोड़ने के संभावित परिणामों की योजना बनाने के लिए एन. एच. एस. के प्रयासों के बारे में हाल की कहानियां हैं।


Second fire at Sheffield Ski Village

Summary: An outdoor ski village in Sheffield has been struck by a second fire, days after the main building burnt down.

South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue said it received a call at about 05.15 BST after a wooden hut which controlled the ski lift at the top of the Sheffield Ski Village slope was alight. The service said it believed the blaze had been started deliberately. On Sunday the main building was destroyed after a fire, which is currently being investigated. In March 2011 the adventure playground at the village was destroyed after a suspected arson attack.

शेफ़ील्ड में एक बाहरी स्की गाँव में मुख्य इमारत के जलने के कुछ दिनों बाद दूसरी आग लग गई है।


Welsh Lib Dems pledge tax cut for ordinary workers

Summary: Welsh Lib Dems would cut the basic rate of income tax to help "ordinary workers" once the power passes to Wales, its leader has said.

Kirsty Williams promised a costed plan to cut the 20% starting rate to 19%. She said the Lib Dems had cut taxes for low and middle-income earners during the UK coalition government. She denounced the Welsh Tories for promising to prioritise tax cuts for higher earners, and expected Labour and Plaid Cymru to defend the status quo. During his Autumn Statement last Wednesday, Chancellor George Osborne said control of some of the income tax levied in Wales could be devolved without a referendum. The sharing of tax powers between ministers in Cardiff and London would mean the Welsh government controlling £3bn of taxes a year by 2020.

वेल्स लिब डेम्स के नेता ने कहा है कि वेल्स को सत्ता मिलने के बाद "आम श्रमिकों" की मदद के लिए वे आयकर की मूल दर में कटौती करेंगे।


Dad's Army captain statue unveiled in Thetford

Summary: A statue of Captain Mainwaring from the BBC series Dad's Army has been unveiled in the Norfolk town where many of the classic sitcom's scenes were filmed.

The life-size bronze cast of the character, played by Arthur Lowe, is seated on a bench by the Old Anchor Hotel in Thetford. Bill Pertwee, who played Warden Hodges in the series, was among those who returned to the town for the unveiling. Others cast members and writers are in Norfolk on Sunday for a Dad's Army Day. Many of them stayed at the Old Anchor Hotel during the filming of the series in the 1960s and 1970s. The statue was funded by the Friends of Dad's Army Museum, also based in Thetford. The sitcom, about the Home Guard during World War II, was written by Jimmy Perry and David Croft and first ran between 1968 and 1977.

बीबीसी श्रृंखला डैड्स आर्मी के कैप्टन मेनवेरिंग की एक प्रतिमा का अनावरण नॉरफ़ॉक शहर में किया गया है जहाँ क्लासिक सिटकॉम के कई दृश्य फिल्माए गए थे।


Teenager suffering chest pains rescued from Calf of Man

Summary: A teenager has been rescued from the Calf of Man after suffering chest pains during a family visit to the island.

The 17-year-old, who had recently undergone heart surgery, was taken by lifeboat from the island's south harbour at about 23:00 BST on Thursday. A spokesman for the RNLI volunteer group said the crew had carried out a "perfect rescue" . The boy was taken to Noble's Hospital on the Isle of Man for precautionary checks. In severe weather the remote Calf of Man can be cut off for weeks, with supplies delivered by boat. It is populated by two wardens who receive basic accommodation in a small farmhouse for nine months of the year.

द्वीप पर एक परिवार की यात्रा के दौरान सीने में दर्द होने के बाद एक किशोर को कैल्फ ऑफ मैन से बचाया गया है।


Coronavirus: The car boot sale that's back on its feet

Summary: Bargain-hunters have been up since dawn, giving a warm welcome back to bric-a-brac sellers at their nearest car boot sale. How does a post-lockdown rummage work and what have people made of the changes?

By Zoe Applegate & Orla MooreBBC News For car boot aficionados, nothing quite compares to the thrill of finding a bargain amongst the piles of unwanted goods. Mother-of-three Kelly Mallett is pleased with her haul - boxing gloves and pads for her five-year-old for £8, parasol lights and a pot plant for a pound, plus two placemats for 50p each. "That's the joy of a car boot - the random stuff. You won't get these placemats for that price in a shop. It's the little things. I even got a pair of flippers for free. I don't even need flippers." Mrs Mallett is one of more than 800 punters on the lookout for a good deal at Arminghall car boot sale. The 15-acres of farmland outside Norwich has been home to this particular rummage sale twice a week for more than 30 years and is one of the biggest in the region. To get the event back up and running post-lockdown, landowner and organiser Mark Sadd has put in a one-way system for buyers, with each stall two metres apart. Sellers arrive to set up two hours before buyers and they have moved to contactless payment. An overflow car park allows numbers to be controlled and when it gets busy, a one-in one-out operation unfolds. "It's like a miniature version of passport control at the airport," joked Mr Sadd, who was at the site from 04:00 BST. He said that so far, the feedback had been positive and he hopes the car boot will become busier as time goes on. "As soon as the government said we could restart, there was a lot of soul-searching on how we'd do it. We didn't know where we were going with it until we came down and started putting barriers up to see what it looked like. "Because of the size of the site, you are reliant on people using their own common sense." The farm has been in Mr Sadd's family since 1985 and the car boot has been running since 1987. It's been a full family affair since 2010, with Mr Sadd's sister Charlotte running the catering, his brother-in-law Vernon Ellis co-organising, and his wife Maria collecting stall fees. "The new way of working, buyers and sellers love it," he said. "It works like a dream. We can get 1,000 to 1,200 people at a time. "Separating the start time for sellers and buyers has really worked, it gives people peace of mind." The very nature of a car boot sale - outside, with plenty of space - lends itself quite nicely to adhering to social distancing rules. But what's it like for those behind the tables hoping to make a decent day of sales? Megan Briggs, from Hull, and Fiona Smith from Derby, have recently completed their studies at the University of East Anglia. The contents of their house are up for grabs and the proceeds will go towards a year working in Australia. "We're flogging everything and going minimal," Megan said. "Anything we can't take with us will be better off in someone else's home." However, the boxes of DVDs are not the top sellers they imagined. "At the last car boot we made £10 - but entry was £8 so we only made two quid," Fiona added. Stallholder Victoria Pyne has travelled from Thetford to set up her stall. The 24-year-old chef has been on furlough for three months and will return to work next week. "During lockdown I organised everything and decided to sell off the things I didn't need," she said. "Being outside is better than inside, there's much more room and you don't have to have much contact with the customers. I only let them touch things if they intend to buy them. "It's a good thing to get rid of stuff for money rather than take it to landfill. I'll take the rest to a charity shop." Damian Penk, a teacher from Stoke-on-Trent, is on holiday in Hemsby, Norfolk, but has come to Arminghall to indulge in his love of car boot sales. "There's always that little bit of trepidation after lockdown with so many people but it seems pretty safe," said the 44-year-old. "We're OK using cash, we carry hand gel everywhere, and we are wary of how close we are to people. "My son's getting in on the [car boot] act. He does show-and-tell with the things he buys. Maybe he'll start his own channel with bargains he finds out there for kids." You might also be interested in: Retired nurse and mother-of-four Gillian Belden, 65, has been running a stall for more than 30 years, but usually pitches up at a neighbouring car boot which has yet to reopen. "This is like pocket money," she said. "Lockdown didn't bother me, I wasn't nervous about returning. When you're an ex-nurse you have to be aware anyway, wash your hands and that. "But it's nice to get out and about and see people, especially when you're retired." Jason Berry's stall is full of items that have been "sat around collecting dust... it's a bit of a house clearance, a chance to make a bit of space". His children, who are five and eight, are sitting in the car watching him sell some of their old toys. "It's good to get the kids involved," he said. "It's a good learning tool for commerce. If they want things, sell old stuff, collect the money and buy something else. "But there's no rhyme or reason to what will sell. It's whoever rocks up on the day." Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email eastofenglandnews@bbc.co.uk

सौदेबाज़ी करने वाले लोग सुबह से ही हैं, जो अपनी निकटतम कार बूट सेल में ब्रिक-ए-ब्रैक विक्रेताओं का गर्मजोशी से स्वागत करते हैं। लॉकडाउन के बाद की अफवाहें कैसे काम करती हैं और लोगों ने बदलावों के बारे में क्या किया है?


More cuts will 'threaten National Library of Wales'

Summary: Further cuts would "threaten" the National Library of Wales' ability to deliver services, its new president has claimed.

Rhodri Glyn Thomas called on the next government of Wales to protect the institution and said politicians should "acknowledge that the library fulfils a unique role, which is irreplaceable". The Aberystwyth facility had coped with nearly a decade of cuts, he said. He stressed it now needed a new strategy and budget from government. "The National Library plays a very important role in the life of the nation and must be given the resources to fulfil its responsibilities," he added.

इसके नए अध्यक्ष ने दावा किया है कि आगे की कटौती से वेल्स के राष्ट्रीय पुस्तकालय की सेवाओं को वितरित करने की क्षमता को "खतरा" होगा।


Telford: The town needing a Brexit deal more than most

Summary: From meringue makers to manufacturing businesses, firms in Telford export a higher proportion of their wares to the EU than their counterparts in any other town or city in the UK. How do bosses feel as Britain heads towards a decision on a deal - or no deal?

By Sophie MaddenBBC News, West Midlands Leanne and Brian Crowther have come a long way since the days of running their cake and bakery business in their garden shed, separating eggs by hand for treats destined for a Shropshire market stall. Now Flower and White, known for its gourmet meringues, exports to 12 countries, many in the EU, and employs 35 staff at its headquarters in Telford - producing a million meringues a day. But the global success has meant the firm has endured years of uncertainty over whether the government will strike a Brexit deal - and that was before trade was hit by the coronavirus pandemic. "We have seen export business fall by 85%, so I think a lot of it is to do with Covid, but also everyone is now just sitting tight. Some customers have been brave enough to order but the orders have been smaller than we expect," said Mrs Crowther. Sales to Switzerland, Denmark and Germany continued to do well, she added, but orders to other countries have dried up amid the uncertainty caused by the pandemic and a looming Brexit date. "It is really tricky to plan. We don't have the time, in the amount of time that is left, to be organised enough to deal with a no deal. As usual, we just have to get on with it." It is a feeling shared by many business owners in Telford. Figures from the Centre for Cities think tank have shown it to be the UK town with the largest share of its exports going to the EU, about 70%. All eyes, then, are on the government to sign a deal by by 15 October. "There will be no winners from a failure to secure a trade deal with the EU as it is the most important customer for every city and large town in Britain," Centre for Cities' Director of Policy and Research Paul Swinney said. "For Telford, the failure to sign a comprehensive trade deal covering both goods and services would be very damaging to the local economy." The Ironbridge Gorge, within Telford, is renowned as the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution as it was where Abraham Darby discovered a more effective method of smelting iron, which transformed the way the metal was used and led the way for an industrialised world. Tim Luft, from the Telford Business Board, said this tradition of manufacturing was part of why exports in Telford were so high. "Telford has a lot of manufacturing - a lot of companies working in the supply chain of automotive and aerospace - and in that supply chain a lot of those link into Europe. "So I absolutely imagine why Telford is such an important town and why companies need to be aware of Brexit for when they are looking to supply goods into Europe or really bring services back into the UK," he said. One such manufacturer is Hitherbest, which fabricates sheet metal parts for retail, office, hospitality, rail, museum and education sectors. It is owned by Dr Nicky Evans, whose father Chris set up the business in 1985. She said an ethos of "prioritising steady long-term growth" meant her company had so far survived 2020 while some others could not. "In so far as Brexit goes, the primary concern for us is our supply chain, but we have done some due diligence there and are relatively confident we should be able to continue in the event of a no-deal Brexit," she said. The company has seen a "push" by companies based in the UK that have previously sourced parts from Europe but were now looking for ways to purchase what they needed domestically, to avoid any supply chain problems once Brexit has taken place, Dr Evans added. "I think we're firmly in wait and see mode, we are confident if there is a shock, we will be able to absorb it and we'll have a look, sort-of, middle of next year and see where we are," she said. "From what I've seen, the manufacturing sector in the West Midlands is resilient, agile and innovative. It may be a rocky road at times, but I'm optimistic for the future." The British Chambers of Commerce claimed only half of UK firms that traded internationally had considered the impact of Brexit on their business ahead of the end of the Brexit transition period on 1 January 2021. Jonathan Ritson runs Dyson Ritson Consulting, a Telford-based business consultancy firm, and has been working with companies to help them prepare for leaving the EU. He said Telford was a "diverse economic community". "My understanding of things as they are is that the bigger businesses, the ones with more economic clout, the ones that have already got international bases, are going to be better prepared than the small to medium businesses," he said. "Businesses have just been focusing on surviving during the pandemic and are only just now, if at all, being able to turn their attention to issue of Brexit." That has been the case for Derek Tallent, director of sound and lighting company Press Red Rentals, who said business had been "pretty tough" because of the shutting of the exhibition industry this year. He said he was not sure what the future would hold. "Having gone through the 'we hate Brexit, we don't want it to happen' to 'actually it's happened and we're coming towards the end of the transition period', you just have to bite the bullet and get on with it," he said. "I would like us to stay in the single market and the customs union but that's obviously not going to happen - but it would be nice for them to get a good trade deal." The re-emergence of exhibitions in Europe was a good sign, he said, provided a deal - or no deal - allowed the firm to be involved. "The worst thing will be if we can't work. If we can't get permits for trucks, if we can't get work visas," he said. Flower and White has already begun to manage the issues posed by leaving the EU, signing a three-year deal with a US importer and has been focusing on any positive opportunities that could come from the next year. Leanne Crowther said while uncertainty was a pain, she could not change it and it would do no good to sit around worrying about what was coming. "I believe small businesses will respond the best to this situation, because you have to - you are used to grasping, but that doesn't make it desirable by any stretch of the imagination," she said. "We have to dig our heels in and get on with it, what else can we do? We can't lie down." Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: newsonline.westmidlands@bbc.co.uk

मेरिंग्यू निर्माताओं से लेकर विनिर्माण व्यवसायों तक, टेलफोर्ड की फर्में ब्रिटेन के किसी भी अन्य शहर या शहर में अपने समकक्षों की तुलना में यूरोपीय संघ को अपने माल का अधिक अनुपात निर्यात करती हैं। जब ब्रिटेन एक सौदे पर निर्णय की ओर बढ़ रहा है-या कोई सौदा नहीं है तो मालिकों को कैसा लगता है?


Will 5G be necessary for self-driving cars?

Summary: Proponents of 5G say it will offer ultra-fast connections, speedier data downloads, and be able to handle millions more connections than 4G mobile networks can cope with today. One use for 5G is self-driving cars, but will they really need it?

By Mary-Ann RussonBusiness reporter The telecoms industry envisions autonomous cars equipped with hundreds of sensors collecting and receiving information all at once over a network. It calls this concept "Vehicle-to-everything" (V2X). To achieve this, the car needs to detect blind spots and avoid collisions with people, animals or other vehicles on the road. As the car drives, its sensors will pick up information about: Once the information is gathered, either an on-board computer will make an instant decision, or the data could be sent into the cloud to be processed, and then a decision would be sent back to the vehicle. Smarter than humans Imagine a scenario where Car A is travelling down a highway at 80mph. Suddenly, Car B pulls out in front of Car A. To avoid an accident, the sensors on both cars would need to talk to each other. As a result, Car A would brake, and Car B would speed up, in order to avoid a collision. "We need to look at how long it takes for the message to be transmitted between sensors and then get to the computer in each car, and then how long it takes for the computer to make a decision, and all of this has to be in less time than a human would take to make a decision - 2 milliseconds," Jane Rygaard, of Finnish tech firm Nokia, tells the BBC. "We need a network supporting this, and 5G is that network." UK national mapping agency Ordnance Survey agrees: "When you switch a light on, it turns on immediately. That's what you need with autonomous cars - if something happens, the car needs to stop immediately. That's why the high frequency 5G signals are required." But it's not just about the car itself - technology firm Ericsson says that in the event of a major disaster, or severe congestion around a football stadium, authorities could send instant alerts to autonomous cars, warning them to use alternative routes instead. Ericsson has conducted tests in Stockholm, Sweden with car manufacturer Volvo and truck maker Scania, using a counter-terrorism scenario whereby police were able to disable a hijacked connected truck or prevent it from entering certain geo-fenced locations. Levels of automation US engineering organisation SAE International has set out six categories of automation for cars: Research firm Gartner expects Level Three and Level Four autonomous vehicles to begin appearing in late 2018 in very small numbers, and by 2025, it expects that there will be more than 600,000 autonomous vehicles on the roads worldwide. Millimetre wave antennas Ordnance Survey says autonomous vehicles are possible with 5G, but initially, they will only be able to run in a well-mapped geographic area, such as a densely populated city. The government agency is building a detailed 3D map of the UK that visualises all permanent fixtures like buildings, street signs and bridges, as well as temporary objects like Christmas decorations, cranes and hanging flower baskets - all of which could affect the strength of the 5G signal a car receives as it drives by. In order for autonomous cars to simultaneously connect to the mobile network, existing 4G mobile antennas on buildings will not be enough - there will need to be lots of smaller millimetre wave antennas, located 200-300m apart from each other. "For every one mobile base station we have today, you'll probably need 60 or 70 millimetre wave transmitters and receivers," explains Richard Woodling, a managing consultant with the Ordnance Survey. It is unlikely that fully-autonomous cars will be possible for a long time to come, but Ford is hoping to launch a Level Four car in 2021. To this end, Ford is mapping the roads and environment in Miami. It has developed simulation software to try to predict all possible situations that a car might find itself in, so that it can eliminate unsafe outcomes. But Mr Woodling is sceptical that an autonomous car in a city will be ready so soon. "I don't see it happening in my lifetime," he says. "There's no way you could put that in London and say we're ready for everyone to have an autonomous vehicle - we're a long way away from that." More 5G stories 5G or Wi-Fi? Some people in the industry argue that self-driving cars don't need 5G. Since the automobile industry is already making connected cars today that use 4G to access weather and road updates, 5G critics say it can continue to use 4G, together with Wi-Fi protocols. "Self-driving cars have to be completely safe and reliable without mobile coverage, and if this is possible, then why do they need mobile coverage at all?" says Prof William Webb, a consultant and author of the book The 5G Myth: When vision decoupled from reality. "I agree car-to-car communications would be sensible and enhance safety, but that communication is available now within Wi-Fi protocols or 4G. "For car-to-car communications you don't need a network - the cars connect directly to each other." Enrico Salvatori, president of Qualcomm Europe, whose chipsets are already being used by 33 automobile makers worldwide, strongly disagrees with Prof Webb. "Wi-Fi can address short-range communications, but V2X includes vehicle to the network, to the city, to the cloud, so you need to have a standard that is including all the possible applications end-to-end," he tells the BBC. "It needs to be able to connect to any distance, near or far." Ford says that it sits somewhere in the middle of these two sides of the argument. "We were previously proponents of the Wi-Fi protocol because it was the only technology available at the time," explains Ford's executive director for connected vehicle platform and product Don Butler. "We do believe that a mobile approach to vehicle-to-vehicle communications is a better alternative than Wi-Fi." Research firm Gartner agrees 5G will have an impact on self-driving cars, but there's a catch. "5G will indeed be essential to the development and use of autonomous vehicles, with two important caveats - the network must truly be 5G, and the vehicle must truly be autonomous," Gartner analyst Will Hahn. "Neither of these appear to be likely in the near term."

5जी के समर्थकों का कहना है कि यह अल्ट्रा-फास्ट कनेक्शन, तेज डेटा डाउनलोड की पेशकश करेगा, और 4जी मोबाइल नेटवर्क की तुलना में लाखों अधिक कनेक्शन संभालने में सक्षम होगा। 5जी के लिए एक उपयोग सेल्फ-ड्राइविंग कार है, लेकिन क्या उन्हें वास्तव में इसकी आवश्यकता होगी?