Is UK doing enough to protect itself from cyber attack?

Summary: In 2010 the British government designated the protection of computer networks as one of the country's most important national security priorities. In its Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) it pledged, "the National Cyber Security Programme will be supported by £650m of new investment over the next four years".

Mark UrbanDiplomatic and defence editor, BBC Newsnight What exactly has this investment bought, three years on? Speaking on and off the record to insiders - from the government, intelligence agencies and security industry - it is apparent that the achievements in defending the UK from this threat have disappointed many. Much of the available funding may actually have been directed at improving the UK's ability to target other countries' computer secrets. Some point out that even if everything had gone to plan, an investment averaging £162.5m per year over four years could only have a limited effect on such a huge problem. Security experts estimate that there are about 50 million cyber attacks a year in the UK, a number which they say is growing rapidly all of the time, and they put the damage to the UK economy at up to £27bn last year. Yet, even according to government plans, less than half the total money committed has so far been spent. There are suggestions that early strategising consumed many precious months and that the Cabinet Office, which is supposed to be giving overall direction to the project, has not yet allocated much of the money to specific projects. "Some people have… said we're saving money for a rainy day," Mark Phillips, who helped draught the government's strategy, and is now at the Royal United Service Institute (RUSI) think tank, says. "To which my response is that we already have a rainy day, we have a high threat already with cyber." Francis Maude, the minister responsible for cyber security, disputed this interpretation in a statement to BBC Newsnight, saying: "Far from abdicating our responsibility on funding, to date we have spent over one third in the first two years of the programme. We are on target and in line with our public spending forecasts. The rapidly changing nature of cyber threats to the UK demonstrates the need for a flexible cyber security response so we reassess our spending priorities on a regular basis as was always the case. This is a prudent, sensible, smart approach as we move forward into the final two years of the programme." Even if the full £650m is spent, as those close to the policy insist it will be, it is apparent that this will be done over five years rather than the originally promised four. The other striking thing about the capability that has been taking shape is its offensive character; official figures show that 59% of the planned spend is meant to go to the intelligence agencies. "We can achieve a tremendous amount these days through remote exploitation rather than face to face meetings with agents," says an MI6 officer referring to attacks on computer networks. "GCHQ's offensive capability gives the UK an edge," a former senior officer at the eavesdropping centre in Cheltenham told me, adding, "a large proportion of that money has [therefore] gone into those capabilities". John Bassett, now at RUSI and formerly GCHQ's Senior UK Liaison Officer in Washington, adds that much of the new government funding has gone on, "existing programmes... designed to get a really strong grip on global situational awareness". Is this just a polite way of referring to stealing others' secrets? Mr Bassett suggests that understanding the threat to UK computer security requires the exploration of adversary capabilities. This argument, that the UK's defence requires the penetration of other countries' computer networks makes it hard to define whether most of the British cyber-security spend is actually going on offensive work - hacking for want of a better term - or whether that activity only accounts for some of it. However, everybody one speaks to within the circle of secrecy assumes that this type of activity has consumed a significant proportion, measurable in the tens of millions, of the UK's total spending on cyber elements. That emphasis on offensive work is remarkable given that the SDSR and the government cyber security strategy published in 2011 explained the rationale for the new spending almost entirely in terms of protecting the UK economy and government from attack. Indeed, at an SDSR press briefing in 2010 a senior government official who I asked whether the UK even had an offensive cyber programme declined to confirm that it did, although another official subsequently contacted me to say that there was such an effort. Mark Phillips, who was present at many of the meetings that formulated both policies, told us that the offensive programme was "one of the two unstated objectives" of the cyber security plan. The other, he implied, was providing support to allies, which in an intelligence context is usually taken as a reference to the US. The UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) meanwhile has taken 14% of the new money for cyber security, spreading it more or less evenly between offensive and defensive roles, insiders suggest. It has launched Project Watchtower - a series of programmes designed to crated a super secure cyber architecture for the MoD -in an attempt to secure the military's computer networks from sophisticated attacks, with experts suggesting some good progress has been made. On the offensive side, the MoD has established its Joint Cyber Unit, based at Cheltenham. The impetus for the creation of this outfit, several dozen strong, came from Nato's bombing campaign in Libya, says one Whitehall player. Ministers asked why the MoD did not have the capability to switch off the Libyan air defence system from afar by means of cyber attack. One MoD insider argues that the UK is some way from being able to take action of this kind, or match the unleashing of the Stuxnet virus on Iran's uranium enrichment plant, widely believed to have been carried out by the US, although they have not officially admitted it, but that the hold-up is on the policy and legal front rather than the issue of technical ability. There has been a lively discussion among Whitehall law officers about whether the use of such a cyber attack would constitute an act of war or could under certain circumstances, for example switching off power to a hospital, be construed as a war crime. Increasingly it is in this area, the development of cyber weapons or disruptive malware, rather than in the long established game of stealing secrets - state or commercial - that attention is focussing in the security community. In 2011-12, for example, the US Department of Homeland Security tracked 23 cyber attacks on companies related to the national gas pipeline system. They assessed that the targeted information would have allowed an intruder to blow up hundreds of compressor stations, blacking out the US energy grid, "at the click of a mouse". Oil installations in Iran and Saudi Arabia have also had their control equipment hit by malware. Mr Maude stressed to us that the UK's programme is "not just about securing government systems, though it helps do that too, but underpins all our objectives in tackling cyber crime, protecting our critical national infrastructure and making the UK one of the safest places in the world to do business in cyberspace." He noted that the Economist Intelligence Unit has put Britain top among the G20 countries for creating a secure environment for networks. Notwithstanding this accolade, there is widespread concern about the vulnerability of the UK's national infrastructure to attacks of this kind. "I don't think anyone is any more secure than they were," said Rashmi Knowles, Chief Security Architect at RSA, a leading cyber security firm, when I asked her whether Britain's infrastructure is any better protected than when the government launched its initiative in 2010. In part this stems from constant evolution of the threat, with hackers far more dynamic, constantly evolving new techniques, than the government bureaucracies that try to stop them. As for the work that has been done to thwart them, some sectors, such as banking, have a far greater interest in investing in secure networks than the likes of public utilities. Nightmare scenarios such as hijackers taking control of an aircraft via its computerised systems, or shutting down a national power system or a country's entire internet, appear feasible in the light of the US gas pipeline case. To what extent such risks are exaggerated by security firms touting for business is open to argument. What almost all parties in the cyber security sector agree is that awareness of the risks is growing. For the government experts trying to devise a response, the risk is that their solutions may be judged inadequate to the scale of that challenge.

2010 में ब्रिटिश सरकार ने कंप्यूटर नेटवर्क की सुरक्षा को देश की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा प्राथमिकताओं में से एक के रूप में नामित किया। अपनी रणनीतिक रक्षा और सुरक्षा समीक्षा (एस. डी. एस. आर.) में उसने प्रतिज्ञा की, "राष्ट्रीय साइबर सुरक्षा कार्यक्रम को अगले चार वर्षों में 650 मिलियन पाउंड के नए निवेश द्वारा समर्थित किया जाएगा।"


Lewis Williams shooting: Further arrest in murder probe

Summary: A 22-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of murdering a man who was shot in the street.

Lewis Williams, 20, died from a shotgun wound to his face and neck sustained in Wath Road, Mexborough, South Yorkshire, on 11 January. Six people, aged between 15 and 21, have already been charged with Mr Williams' murder and appeared in court in Doncaster and Sheffield. They are due to stand trial in September. Related Internet Links HM Courts Service

सड़क पर गोली मारकर हत्या करने के संदेह में एक 22 वर्षीय व्यक्ति को गिरफ्तार किया गया है।


World Sailing to close Southampton HQ and relocate to London

Summary: World Sailing has announced it is to move its headquarters from Southampton to central London.

The world governing body for the sport of sailing has been based in the city for the past 20 years. Kim Andersen, its president, said the decision was "in the best interest of the organisation". It employs 24 staff who will need to relocate if they want to keep their jobs. The move is expected by late summer. Geneva, Lausanne, Winchester, Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia were also looked at as possible locations.

वर्ल्ड सेलिंग ने घोषणा की है कि वह अपने मुख्यालय को साउथेम्प्टन से मध्य लंदन में स्थानांतरित कर रहा है।


Jason Ablewhite: Criminal probe ex-PCC resigns from council

Summary: A former police and crime commissioner (PCC) being investigated over possible criminal conduct related to social media use has resigned as a councillor.

Jason Ablewhite resigned as PCC for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough last week after three years in the job. The Independent Office for Police Conduct is investigating a "series of messages" with a member of the public. He has now stood down from his position representing St Ives on Huntingdonshire District Council for the Conservatives. A spokesman for the council confirmed a by-election would take place.

सोशल मीडिया के उपयोग से संबंधित संभावित आपराधिक आचरण की जांच कर रहे एक पूर्व पुलिस और अपराध आयुक्त (पीसीसी) ने पार्षद के रूप में इस्तीफा दे दिया है।


Picture power: Tear gas at Kenyan primary school

Summary: Earlier this week, scenes of schoolchildren running away from tear gas fired by police in the Kenyan capital, Nairobi, sparked condemnation and even a hashtag, #OccupyPlayGround. Pupils at Lang'ata school were protesting at the loss of their playground. They had returned after a two-week teachers' strike to find it fenced off by a private developer. Agence France Press photographer Tony Karumba was on hand to record the demonstration and here he recalls the event.

Phil CoomesPicture editor "My experience is that land disputes even with the potential of bloodshed and worse will generally not draw such zealous responses from police. I expected there would be some drama being that Kenya's now renowned activist and journalist, Boniface Mwangi was expected at the protest. "When the kids forced their way past a police cordon at the main entrance to their school I thought to myself that any kind of confrontation would obviously have to be played down in the children's presence. "I was rudely shocked when the first tear-gas canister was lobbed into the midst of a group of them. "At first I was unable to react as a photographer and I stared aghast for some seconds at screaming, terrified kids scrambling over each other on to a nearby motorway and a ditch. I raised my camera just in time to get a group of them trying to race up a foot-bridge looking back wide-eyed at a cloud of tear gas. "At that moment, I had no major concern for my safety, as it's a situation I've been through countless times before. The real challenge here to my profession was to watch hapless, shell-shocked kids, the older ones suddenly angry at what I imagine was the betrayal by the officers who, their elementary schooling has taught them, are there to protect them." The story does not end there though as the BBC's Ed Thomas reports. Here are some more of Tony Karumba's pictures from the day.

इस सप्ताह की शुरुआत में, केन्या की राजधानी नैरोबी में पुलिस द्वारा दागे गए आँसू गैस से भागते हुए स्कूली बच्चों के दृश्यों की निंदा की गई और यहाँ तक कि एक हैशटैग, #OccupyPlayGround। लैंगटा स्कूल में छात्र अपना खेल का मैदान खोने पर विरोध कर रहे थे। वे दो सप्ताह की शिक्षकों की हड़ताल के बाद लौटे थे कि इसे एक निजी डेवलपर द्वारा घेर लिया गया था। एजेंस फ्रांस प्रेस फोटोग्राफर टोनी करुम्बा प्रदर्शन को रिकॉर्ड करने के लिए हाथ में थे और यहाँ उन्होंने घटना को याद किया।


Coronavirus: 'I’m scared of being buried as the wrong gender'

Summary: Even though lockdown measures have eased a little in England, the "stay alert" guidance is still affecting daily life. Seven weeks on, some LGBT people have told the BBC they are in more danger than ever before.

By Ben HunteLGBT correspondent Lucy, 21, from the north-east of England is transgender and has severe heart issues. After years spent living as a woman, she says she has "no doubt" her parents would bury her as a man if she was to die from coronavirus. "They'll shave my long hair, put me in a suit, use my birth name and call me 'he' all the way through the funeral. The thought of my family doing it makes me feel so sick, but I know they will. Lucy, who works in a call centre, says her health issues are the only reason she hasn't moved out of her parents' house. "When I came out as trans, and I told my parents I would stop living as a boy, they basically said 'no'. They literally tried to beat the trans out of me. My dad told me I needed to find a girlfriend and sort myself out." She says she can't recall her family ever calling her 'Lucy', but they frequently use her male birth name "by mistake". "They have never accepted me being trans. Why would they when I die?" Lucy does not have a Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC), an official document which formally acknowledges someone's gender identity. Krystyna Hebb, helpline manager at Mermaids, says not having a GRC leaves trans people vulnerable, however many find the process "too difficult" to go through. "When living, a trans person can go by any name or gender. But after dying, if they have no legal documents, their family can take over. If their family aren't supportive of their identity, that can lead to problems." A former pastor and Christian family support worker, Krystyna says "I actually refused to do a funeral in the church because of this. It is an awful thing to see, but the law is very clear." Increase in helpline calls Lucy Bowyer from LGBT homelessness charity, akt, says they're experiencing "a spike" in service use. "We've seen more young people who are street homeless than we would normally in this period. "The longer our young people are locked down, the more difficult their situations become. Many say they're going 'back into the closet'." The Outside Project says their shelter had to operate around the clock because "other homelessness services have closed." "Councils across the UK do not treat LGBT family rejection as domestic abuse and that stops vulnerable people getting emergency housing," Director Carla Ecola says. Matt, 24, could be classed as one of those people. Until last week Matt was living in the West Midlands alongside parents with a history of mental and physical abuse. After one incident, Matt was left with concussion. "My dad was drunk one day and he said to me 'I won't ever accept you being gay and you will never bring someone home.' When I asked why, he told me, 'because it's not normal'." During lockdown, Matt's family made fake social media accounts, to learn more about Matt's sexuality and identity. Matt was called "a disgrace" and asked to leave home. "They called the police to remove me. I told them I'd rather be locked in a cell than with my parents." Since being kicked out, Matt has been "sofa surfing" with friends and struggled to get support from LGBT charities during the pandemic. "It seemed like all of these homeless resources haven't actually been able to help me at all. "I've used up my savings, but luckily I've had people who can have me for a few days reach out from all over. If I didn't have my friends, I would be on the street." Sunday 17 May is International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia, which aims to raise awareness of LGBT rights violations. Phyll Opoku-Gyimah, executive director of Kaleidoscope Trust, says: "Across the world we're hearing from LGBT people who are being criminalised and penalised for being themselves, at a time when small organisations supporting them are struggling to continue. "We need an international approach. Governments need to ensure the coronavirus response and recovery efforts are inclusive of LGBT people and their needs." Follow Ben Hunte on Twitter and Instagram.

भले ही इंग्लैंड में तालाबंदी के उपायों में थोड़ी ढील दी गई है, "सतर्क रहें" मार्गदर्शन अभी भी दैनिक जीवन को प्रभावित कर रहा है। सात सप्ताह बाद, कुछ एलजीबीटी लोगों ने बीबीसी को बताया है कि वे पहले से कहीं अधिक खतरे में हैं।


Victim of fat-shaming loses 25 stone after surgery

Summary: Weight loss surgery should be rolled out to thousands more patients with type 2 Diabetes, draft guidelines published by health watchdog the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) suggest. But why can't overweight people just eat less and exercise more? One victim of "fat shaming" shares her story.

By Adrian GoldbergRadio 4's The Report Zaneta Jones, from Newquay, lost 25 stone (160kg) after surgery, and her diabetes is now in remission. But this was not before she had dog excrement thrown at her after being accused in a national newspaper of wasting precious NHS resources. She recalls the moment three years ago when she was abused. "My son had an accident while playing American football and was taken to hospital. As we went in the door, we had people having a go at us saying, 'You're that family from the paper, you shouldn't be allowed in here, you've wasted NHS money - my father hasn't had the cancer treatment he needs.' "I went and sat in the car, and I was too scared to go in. "At the same time we had dog poo in carrier bags thrown at us. We were called the scum of the earth. It took a lot for me to go back outside again." Teenage rebellion Like many people with obesity, she had deep psychological and emotional problems. As a child in the 1970s, she was given slimming pills to counteract a family history of heart disease and her access to food was restricted. When she started to work at the age of 16, Zaneta rebelled against her harsh dietary regime, and her weight spiralled out of control. "At my absolute heaviest I was 40 stone and my BMI [body mass index] was 85," she says. A healthy BMI is classified as 18.5-24.9. And what started as a teenage rebellion soon became complicated by fertility problems. "I tried doing silly diets like the cabbage soup diet, things like that, every time I would lose five or 10lb and I would think, 'That's nothing to 40 stone,' and I did actually give up." Zaneta even had her jaw wired, which she recalls "was 18 months of just having a pint of skimmed milk and a pint of orange juice a day". "Yes, you lost weight - I lost 10 stone in that 18 months - but I was going to have a fertility operation and I didn't get it because I was 3lb overweight, so I then put on 11 stone," she says. By this time Zaneta had taken to wearing men's clothes because there was nothing available for her size in women's shops. And she did not only suffer diabetes - she had eye and kidney problems, high cholesterol and sleep apnoea - all caused by her obesity. She could only travel by wheelchair because her weight made walking difficult. In remission Far from eliciting sympathy, her size was highlighted in a national newspaper where she and her family were accused of wasting the NHS £1.2m in weight loss treatments. The story still rankles on several levels. Zaneta says she was never interviewed directly by the paper, and that several important details, including the costs quoted in the article were inaccurate. But even then, it was not the abuse generated by the newspaper coverage that made her change - more the fear that she would lose her life. "The biggest shock was when I went to see my endocrinologist about my diabetes and she said if you don't do something you won't be here at the end of the year. And he referred me to have the gastric bypass," she says. Before having the operation six years ago, Zaneta had to reduce her BMI from 85 to 60, and to assist her with dieting she had a gastric balloon fitted for nine months - effectively reducing the amount she could eat. The balloon was removed just before Christmas, but there was a six week delay to allow her stomach to settle. "You can imagine that for someone who is addicted to food, having to watch what you eat at that time of the year is torture," she says. But she managed to keep her weight under control, and as for the gastric bypass itself, she says: "It's supposed to be major surgery, but it didn't feel like major surgery. I didn't feel much at all." Zaneta is now in remission from type 2 diabetes and her other health problems have largely disappeared. She no longer needs a wheelchair.

स्वास्थ्य निगरानी संस्था नेशनल इंस्टीट्यूट फॉर क्लिनिकल एक्सीलेंस (एन. आई. सी. ई.) द्वारा प्रकाशित दिशानिर्देशों के मसौदे में सुझाव दिया गया है कि टाइप 2 मधुमेह वाले हजारों और रोगियों के लिए वजन घटाने की सर्जरी शुरू की जानी चाहिए। लेकिन अधिक वजन वाले लोग कम क्यों नहीं खा सकते और अधिक व्यायाम क्यों नहीं कर सकते? "फैट शेमिंग" की एक पीड़ित ने अपनी कहानी साझा की।


Ten things: North Korea's film industry

Summary: In Hollywood, North Korea is a favourite movie villain. But few know that the communist country has its own film industry, which serves as both a propaganda machine for the state and a passion project for late leader Kim Jong-il.

By Helier CheungBBC News 1. Some of the top hits were made by a South Korean Kim Jong-il was a massive movie buff who ensured the film industry had ample funding during the 1970s and 1980s. However, he was reportedly unhappy with the quality of films produced by his countrymen. He ordered the abduction of South Korean Shin Sang-ok in 1978, and forced the director to make films for his regime. Shin's ex-wife, actress Choi Eun-hee, was also kidnapped. Shin's expertise as a director enabled him to make films with better entertainment and production values. "Shin was able to use old fashioned formulas of North Korean propaganda, and turn them into great movies," Johannes Schonherr, author of North Korean Cinema: A History, says. "He changed the quality of North Korean cinema… other North Korean films also became better under his influence." Popular movies by Shin included Runaway, an action film that ends in a train exploding, and Pulgasari, a North Korean monster movie inspired by Japan's Godzilla. Shin and Choi escaped during a business trip in Vienna in 1986. Pulgasari had just been completed at that time, and Kim Jong-il did not want to admit that it had been directed by Shin, so all the credit was given to Shin's co-director, Mr Schonherr says. Shin continued his filmmaking career in the US and South Korea until his death in 2006. 2. The worst actors were American Many North Korean actors are said to be schooled at the Pyongyang University of Cinematic and Dramatic Arts. But as propaganda tools, many North Korean films also required foreign characters, especially Americans, to play the villains. "If [North Korea] needed foreigners to appear in a film, they would ask [foreigners] already living there," says Mr Schonherr. "Pretty much everyone - foreign students, professors and sports trainers - could be asked. And people didn't usually say no." However, they had no say in what the movies were about "and most of them were terrible actors", he says. Some of the most well-known Americans were Charles Jenkins, Larry Abshier, Jerry Parish and James Dresnok, who all defected to the North in the 1960s. All four starred as evil capitalists in a propaganda film series called Nameless Heroes in 1978. Charles Jenkins later said that he had been forced to act in the films, and going to North Korea was "the stupidest thing" he had ever done. James Dresnok, who is still thought to be in the country, is reportedly famous among North Koreans, who call him Arthur, after a well-known character he played. 3. The film will come to you Cinemas are said to be popular, due to the limited options for evening entertainment. "Watching movies is, or at least used to be, one of their favourite pastimes," Mr Schonherr says. North Korean defectors he interviewed described pleasant memories of cinema-going in the 1980s and 1990s. "The cinema was where they would hang out with their friends," Mr Schonherr says. However, North Korean films are also screened in factory complexes, collective farms and in army units, Dr Mark Morris, a lecturer at the University of Cambridge's faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern studies, says. "It's not a matter of you buying your ticket to see your favourite film - you'd be shown a schedule of what will be screened and generally it's a good idea to show up!" he says. A commissar would often be present at the screening, and ask people to give an evaluation of the film, Dr Morris adds. As a result "people are very careful to read the political message of the films". 4. One message - promote the Great Leaders North Korean films span several different genres - but they all share the same message. "Everything goes back to promoting Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il or the party in some way," says Simon Fowler, a film critic and author of a blog on North Korean films. In films set in the pre-Kim era, films will show "a contrast between life in the past, and life being much better [under the Kims]", Mr Fowler says. For example The Flower Girl depicts North Korea under Japanese occupation, with its characters suffering under the oppressive rule of their landlords, who are backed by the Japanese. Things only turn around when members of the Korean Revolutionary Army come in to overthrow the landlords, foreshadowing a better future in a North Korea "liberated" by Kim Il-sung's army. Meanwhile, Mr Schonherr says that in martial arts films "the evil guys are always either the Japanese or the Americans." Despite North Korea's ongoing tensions with Seoul, fellow Koreans are normally spared the villain-treatment. "If they are [South] Koreans, there's always hope, and they'll usually get educated or won over by the end of the film," Mr Schonherr says. 5. … But don't show them While most films emphasise the importance of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il, you will rarely see the Kims portrayed in the films themselves. Instead, they are often portrayed indirectly. "For example, in a war film, someone will pick up a call from Kim Il-sung giving a great military suggestion," Dr Morris says. "Everyone will straighten their clothing when the call comes, and the General will pick up the phone as if it's a living, glowing object." Similarly, Mr Fowler describes a scene in Marathon Runner in which the protagonist is shown running up a hill to try and catch a glimpse of Kim Jong-il's convoy. While she misses the convoy, she is able to touch the tyre tracks his car has made. "She is crying and overwhelmed because she's managed to touch his tyre tracks," Mr Fowler says. 6. The army also acts North Korea's ties with its neighbours and its bitter history with Japan, which colonised North Korea from 1910-1945, mean that epic war films are a key part of its propaganda strategy. "Structurally, the Japanese occupation is absolutely crucial for North Korean films," Dr Morris says. "Kim Il-sung and the Manchurian guerrilla fighters were the revolutionary faction whose identity derived from fighting the Japanese… [they argued that] fighting the Japanese earned Kim Il-sung and his colleagues the right to be the representatives of the Korean nation." The North Korean army runs a production centre specifically for making war films, Dr Morris adds. "They provide soldiers as extras for free, as well as the necessary equipment." Lynn Lee documented North Korea's film industry in her work The Great North Korean Picture Show. As part of this, she was given access to the set of a war film "featuring a cast of hundreds of soldiers", directed by North Korea's Pyo Hang. In Ms Lee's documentary, the young soldiers acting as extras are berated by Pyo Hang for not showing sufficient sadness in a scene where they are forced to surrender their weapons to the Japanese. In the end, the director is forced to use a magic solution to make them "cry" - eye drops. 7. Films feature strong women - and average men While North Korea has always been led by men, its propaganda tends to portray strong female characters. Female athletes, soldiers, spies and even a traffic controller have featured in North Korean film. The films show "strong, hard working women who sacrifice themselves for their leaders," Mr Schonherr says. But while male heroes have featured in older films, especially martial arts, "there are a lot of weak men" in more recent films, he adds. "Normally the women have to teach them how to be a good follower." Dr Morris believes this fits in with Pyongyang's propaganda narrative. "The overarching figures in North Korea are men of the Kim family," he says. "They don't really want rivals, so you don't have a male hero who exists in his own right as often." And while the female characters may be strong, they ultimately know their place as well. "Strong women [in film] generally end up having to get married - their lives are not considered complete before that," Dr Morris says. 8. Mr Bean made it into North Korea While the media and internet are tightly controlled, foreign films occasionally make it in. Foreign films are screened at the Pyongyang International Film Festival, which takes place once every two years. Past films include British films Mr Bean and Elizabeth: The Golden Age. Evita is thought to be the only US film screened in North Korea. Outside the festival, it is rare for North Koreans to be offered foreign films. However, football comedy Bend it like Beckham became the first Western-made film to be shown on North Korean TV in 2010, as part of the British embassy's efforts to engage with Pyongyang. The film was thought to be especially appropriate given North Korea's love of football, and Britain's ambassador in Pyongyang at the time, Peter Hughes, said that the film seemed well received. 9. Bikes are banned Some foreign filmmakers have been allowed into North Korea, offering an insight into how the censors think. When filmmakers Lynn Lee and James Leong were given access to film their documentary on North Korean cinema, they had to abide by strict conditions, including allowing their footage to be shown to censors at the end of each day. As they were chaperoned during their visit, the odds of them recording anything controversial were relatively limited. But even then, the censors came up with some surprising restrictions. "The censors didn't like [shots of] people on bicycles or people with their shirt buttons undone," Ms Lee says. Shots including electric cabling in the streets were also banned from the film. "I think... they wanted the city and the people to seem tidy, and not sloppy," Ms Lee says. "I can only hazard a guess because we never got to meet the censors ourselves." 10. Frame the Kims properly Another sticking point for Ms Lee was how images of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-Il were framed. "The censors didn't like shots that framed images of the leaders in an incomplete way," Ms Lee says. "They all had to be framed full on. If you cut off part of an image or a statue that footage would be rejected." "This presented some problems because there were lots of images everywhere, and sometimes you don't even realise it's there when the camera is focusing on someone in front of them." An entire section of her film, The Great North Korean Picture Show, had to be reshot, because it was set at the North Korean film museum and the images of the Kims weren't framed to the censors' liking.

हॉलीवुड में, उत्तर कोरिया एक पसंदीदा फिल्म खलनायक है। लेकिन बहुत कम लोग जानते हैं कि साम्यवादी देश का अपना फिल्म उद्योग है, जो राज्य के लिए एक प्रचार मशीन और दिवंगत नेता किम जोंग-इल के लिए एक जुनून परियोजना दोनों के रूप में काम करता है।


Nigeria's police: The lingering effects of a colonial massacre

Summary: Complaints about brutal policing in Nigeria today echo the reaction to the shooting dead by colonial policemen of striking coalminers in 1949 and, as the BBC's Nduka Orjinmo reports, there are some who believe there is a direct connection.

When the ikoro sounded on the afternoon of 18 November 1949, schoolboy Godwin Aniagbo knew something was wrong. In traditional Igbo society, the ikoro, a huge hollowed wooden drum mostly carved out of the tough and dense iroko tree, sat permanently in the town square and only sounded in times of grave crisis or to summon people to an important meeting. Hours before, on his way back from school with some friends, Mr Aniagbo had run into members of the colonial police looking like they were expecting trouble. There had been days of tension following protests at a local coal mine. "I saw the Europeans, [about six of them] sitting on the railway line... with their rifles in the centre of the railway. "They called us to come to them but we were afraid and ran away," he told the BBC, casting his mind back to his early teenage years. Not long after he got to his home in Iva Valley, in the city of Enugu, he heard gunshots and then the ikoro sounded. The colonial police, made up of Nigerians and Europeans, had shot striking workers demanding better working conditions at the Iva Valley coal mine in south-eastern Nigeria, killing at least 21 miners and injuring many others. Local celebrity "People were running everywhere... many [of those coming back from the mines] were injured," Mr Aniagbo, now in his 80s, said. Curious to know what had really happened, he set off for the mines, but at some point the crowd was too thick to push through so a disappointed Mr Aniabgo returned home. As one of a handful of people from that time still alive to tell the story of the massacre, Mr Aniagbo is something of a local celebrity. The incident led to further strikes mostly in southern Nigeria and some argue it helped galvanise support for the burgeoning anti-colonial movement that led to independence 11 years later. During an official investigation, the police defended the shootings by saying they feared being overwhelmed. But among those that the inquiry blamed were the colonialists in charge of the police for inflaming the situation. The dead are now celebrated in the region as heroes. What may now be an event to be recalled and memorialised nevertheless still has resonance in Nigeria today. Despite seven decades, and 60 years of independence, passing since the massacre, some argue that policing retains elements from the colonial past. Last year's wave of demonstrations against police brutality in Nigeria under the #EndSars banner culminated in the shootings at the Lekki toll gate in Lagos on 20 October, which has led to comparisons with what happened in 1949. On both occasions peaceful demonstrators were met with brute force, though the authorities continue to deny that protesters were killed at Lekki. Amnesty International says more than 10 people died. The protests were led by young people who successfully called for the disbandment of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (Sars), which they accused of abusing their powers through arbitrary arrests, harassment and sometimes killing. The anti-Sars movement was in many ways a manifestation of decades of mistrust between the people and the police. A 2004 report in the Police Journal, an international academic publication, said the public image of the Nigerian police at that time had not improved from what it was during and after the colonial period, describing it as still operating "with the same arbitrariness, ruthlessness, brutality, vandalism, incivility, low accountability to the public and corruption". 'Police cater to the ruling class' And little has changed since, according to a survey conducted in some African countries by Afrobarometer in 2016 and 2018. That showed that the police were distrusted by a majority of the citizens in Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya, all former British colonies. Some people, like Okechukwu Nwanguma of Noprin, an NGO committed to police reforms in Nigeria, believes that the distrust between the people and police in most African countries is because of the way the forces were established. "The Nigeria Police Force, for instance, was set up by the British to cater to the whims of the ruling class and that explains why despite Nigerians being in charge since 1964, policing in Nigeria has not improved," he said. You may also be interested in: It is a point security expert, Kemi Okenyodo, agrees with, saying that "Nigeria's political elite love what they inherited from the colonial masters and so they have maintained status quo". "There's no difference between the politicians using the police now and how they were used during the colonial days when they protected the interests of the British monarch and everything linked to the Royal Niger Company," she said. After decades of calls for holistic police reforms in Nigeria, a law was passed in 2020 that many hope will provide a new springboard for the police force. Though there have been other minor reforms, this new law essentially repeals a pre-independence act, passed in 1948, that the police were operating on. Legislators say the new law provides for an "efficient and effective police force that is based on the principles of accountability and transparency; protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms; and partnership with other security institutions". But the 2020 act has its sceptics, including Mr Nwanguma. He said successive governments have set up committees to look into police reforms but their recommendations have never been carried out. "Between former Presidents Olusegun Obasanjo and Goodluck Jonathan we had three different committees - under this Buhari administration we have also had some but there has been no political will to implement far-reaching reforms," he said. He added that the political will is lacking to implement reforms because politicians prefer the police the way it is so they can use officers for their own objectives, "one of which is rigging elections". The police spokesperson did not respond to requests for comment but a former spokesperson who now helps run the police's public relations college agreed that there was an issue with the colonial legacy. "Don't forget that the initial police created by the colonial masters wasn't to enforce rights, their intention wasn't to do us good, but to do us evil," Emmanuel Ojukwu told the BBC. But he has faith that the legal reforms will transform the force. "This [new] law, for the first time says that the basic objective of the police is to protect human rights."

नाइजीरिया में क्रूर पुलिसिंग के बारे में शिकायतें आज 1949 में हड़ताली कोयला खनिकों के औपनिवेशिक पुलिसकर्मियों द्वारा गोलीबारी में मारे गए लोगों की प्रतिक्रिया को प्रतिध्वनित करती हैं और जैसा कि बीबीसी के एनडुका ओरजिनमो की रिपोर्ट है, कुछ लोग हैं जो मानते हैं कि इसका सीधा संबंध है।


No Time To Die: First trailer for new James Bond film debuts

Summary: And we thought Christmas only came once a year.

By Steven McIntoshEntertainment reporter The first full-length trailer for No Time To Die has been released, giving fans a flavour of what to expect from Daniel Craig's final outing as James Bond. The promo, which launched on Wednesday and can be seen below, shows Rami Malek in character as the latest villain for the first time, as well as a new female agent with a licence to kill. No Time To Die is set to be released in April, but there have been one or two obstacles along the way - from Daniel Craig's ankle injury to the decision to change director. Danny Boyle was originally supposed to be at the helm for Bond 25, but he exited the project last August due to "creative differences". US director Cary Joji Fukunaga stepped in, and there was a race against the clock to keep the film on schedule for its April 2020 release date. "It has been an incredible honour, but it's also just been really hard," Fukunaga tells BBC News. "This was a very ambitious script for the time we had. "I got the role in the middle of doing press for Maniac [the Netflix series he directed], so I was doing interviews like this while trying to process the enormous excitement but also responsibility of taking on this project. "And I was very aware that with Daniel's departure, I had to get a script going and production going in a very short space of time. The lack of time was a sort of impetus for the pressure. It was like a very hot flame under our ass!" The project had the added complication of having to go back to the drawing board after Boyle's exit. "I love Danny's films, but on this one we basically had to start from scratch," Fukunaga explains. "It was the desire of the producers that we sort of start anew and figure out a new storyline for this one." The writing process involved bringing Fleabag creator Phoebe Waller-Bridge on board to help polish the script. 5 talking points from the trailer Fukunaga refers to a new plot, but No Time To Die also appears to continue the overarching storyline which has run through the last four films. Spectre's ending seemed to tie that narrative up, which left many wondering whether the 25th Bond film would start afresh. But the inclusion of Waltz's Blofeld in the trailer puts paid to that idea and suggests it's a continuation - something Fukunaga appears to confirm. "I like to think of this as picking up from all the stories, from Casino [Royale] all the way through," he says. "And those who are fans will appreciate the layers that exist there, but I also think for new audiences, people who have never seen any of the films before, younger audiences, it's strong enough that they can get involved." As well as Maniac, Fukunaga has previously directed films including Beasts of No Nation and a 2011 adaptation of Jane Eyre starring Mia Wasikowska. 'Misogynistic dinosaur' Perhaps the most interesting part of the trailer is Lashana Lynch's appearance as a new member of MI6. Having a female double-O marks a slight change in direction in the franchise. No Time To Die is the first Bond film since #MeToo, but would the film series have evolved in this direction anyway? "Yes, I think so," Fukunaga says. "Bond started evolving probably 25 years ago, when Judi Dench's M called out Pierce Brosnan's Bond for being a misogynistic dinosaur and a relic of the Cold War." (He's quoting, almost verbatim, from one of the first scenes Dench and Brosnan shared in 1995's GoldenEye.) "I think Lashana's role is not about being female, she's just a younger generation," Fukunaga says. "There's the whole thing going around the internet right now about 'OK Boomer', and I just think of how younger generations challenge what the previous generations legacy means. "And I think for Lashana, she has a lot to prove, she's capable, she's physical, she's intelligent. And the world has changed, and she feels she's inheriting a world that agents like Bond had operated in. And it's like, they want to make their mark. That's how I think of it. Less so than just because she's female, we're in a world where that's not even the considerations. It's more, 'is she capable of being a double-O?'" One person who became (temporarily) incapable of being a double-O was Daniel Craig, who injured his ankle while shooting the film. But, Fukunaga says, that wasn't as disruptive to the schedule as you might imagine. "If you think about a film this ambitious, this long, with this many stunts, the fact that we had one sprained ankle and a concussion over that period of time was a pretty high achievement," he says. "[Craig's ankle injury] delayed us a little bit, but he didn't miss a day of being on set after that. He was on set working out and doing PT [physical therapy] the entire time. We had to do a little juggling on schedule and scenes, but that was pretty much it." No Time To Die isn't actually finished yet. Filming wrapped last month but the movie is now in post-production, which means Fukunaga "still hasn't had time to really process" the whole experience. "I think I'll probably have to sit down next summer and figure out what just happened," he says. Ask the directors of Cats or Sonic The Hedgehog whether launching a trailer is a positive experience and you might find them cowering in the corner of a room from the trauma. But Fukunaga is less anxious about the social media reaction to the Bond trailer. "We don't have any computer graphics animals in our trailer," he laughs, "so we're less worried about that."

और हमने सोचा कि क्रिसमस साल में केवल एक बार आता है।


'I was refused a home Covid test after credit check'

Summary: "We really couldn't understand why we weren't able to have our identities verified, " says Laura McCormack about the moment she and her partner, who both had the three main symptoms of coronavirus, were refused a home test kit.

By Dan WhitworthMoney Box reporter They had logged on to the government website to request one, but were told that because their names and addresses could not be checked, they would have to go to a physical test site instead. With no car and needing to avoid public transport because of their symptoms, it took them five days to get a test site close enough to walk to - one that was 90 minutes away. "We started Googling and digging around," she says. "We thought it [failing to get their identities verified] might be the fact we are migrant workers." Because Laura has been in the UK less than a year, she has not built up much of a credit history. "In the end, it became clear that people with no credit history were having very similar problems. People who haven't taken out loans or don't have phone contracts or credit cards here in the UK," she says. "That's what led us to believe that we actually were being excluded from the process because we don't have a credit history here in the UK." Most adults in the UK have a significant credit file, so getting a home test kit would be no problem. But research from 2018 suggests there may be up to 5.8 million people with little or no credit history who could have similar problems to Laura, should they need to get one. 'Reduce fraud' The Department for Health and Social Care, which is running the test system across the UK, says it uses a credit reference agency, TransUnion, to verify people's identities to "reduce fraud and prevent multiple testing kits being ordered, diverting capacity from where it is needed most". TransUnion told Money Box in "some cases we may not be able to verify the individual's identity - which can happen for a number of reasons". It refused to explain what those reasons are. While Laura doesn't have much of a credit history, she is on the electoral roll and does have a bank account and utility bills in her name. Anna Miller, from charity Doctors of the World, questioned whether identity verification for home test kits is creating the solution to a problem that doesn't exist - at the expense of people like Laura. "The types of people affected are anybody who has little to no credit history or credit footprint," she says. "People whose financial situations tend to be organised by other people in a family and women, like elderly people, are likely to be more disproportionally affected. "Alongside these groups are young adults who've not had much time to build up credit histories, recently arrived migrants in the UK for the same reason and people on low incomes who might not have access to mainstream credit." Other ways to get tested Both the government and TransUnion were very clear that people do not have to pass a credit check to get a home test kit. The Department for Health and Social Care also told the BBC: "Tests can also be booked by calling 119 and people can access testing and in-person testing sites, where a member of staff will confirm their identity in person." But if an indirect consequence of not being able to verify your identity online is that people with no or limited credit histories are being affected, Laura says the system needs to change. "The situation seems a bit crazy to me, to be honest. We are guests in the UK, we're trying very hard to keep the population safe by self-isolating and getting tested," she says. "But not being able to verify our identity was very strange. We're both on the electoral roll, we both have bank accounts here, we're on a lease, we both have bills. "There are many ways the government could have accessed our identity information, so the reason the government has chosen the credit path is a mystery to me." You can hear more on BBC Radio 4's Money Box programme by listening again here. Follow Money Box and Dan on Twitter.

लौरा मैककॉर्मैक कहती हैं, "हम वास्तव में समझ नहीं पाए कि हम अपनी पहचान की पुष्टि क्यों नहीं कर पाए", उस समय के बारे में जब उन्हें और उनके साथी, जिनमें दोनों में कोरोनावायरस के तीन मुख्य लक्षण थे, को घर पर परीक्षण किट देने से मना कर दिया गया था।


Nissan Infiniti: Sunderland plant creates 300 new jobs

Summary: Nissan is creating up to 300 jobs at its plant in Sunderland to work on the car firm's luxury Infiniti brand.

The new recruits will work on the production of the Q30 model - the first large scale manufacturing of a new car brand in the UK for 23 years. This will be followed by a second smaller Infiniti model, the QX30. The company, which employs nearly 6,800 staff, said it was the "beginning of a new era". The cars will be targeted at the Chinese and North American markets.

निसान कार फर्म के लक्जरी इनफिनिटी ब्रांड पर काम करने के लिए सुंदरलैंड में अपने संयंत्र में 300 नौकरियों का सृजन कर रहा है।


Memorial unveiled for Channel Island evacuees

Summary: A memorial has been unveiled in Weymouth to remember thousands of Channel Island children evacuated from their homes amid the German occupation.

Jersey's Lieutenant Governor, General Sir John McColl and Lady McColl joined St Helier Constable Simon Crowcroft at the ceremony. They were greeted by children dressed in clothing of the war time era. The chairman and founder of the Jersey Evacuees Association, Jean McLaughlin, said it was very significant. The memorial marked where they landed more than 70 years ago. Mrs McLaughlin said it was the first time many of them had left their island homes. She said: "It was such a memorable occasion and very close to one's heart. "I just think of my mum and dad, the thousands that came here from all over the Channel Islands, it has been wonderful."

जर्मन कब्जे के बीच अपने घरों से निकाले गए चैनल द्वीप के हजारों बच्चों को याद करने के लिए वेमाउथ में एक स्मारक का अनावरण किया गया है।


Yorkshire ambulance vandalised while crew treats patient in Leeds

Summary: An ambulance crew had their personal belongings stolen while they were responding to an emergency in Leeds.

The Yorkshire ambulance crew were treating a patient in St Luke's Green, in Beeston, at about 01:00 GMT on 28 January when the theft took place. Thieves smashed a window, ripped out the centre console of the vehicle and made off with a number of items. Divisional Commander John McSorley said he was "saddened and disappointed by this act of vandalism". He said the damage to the ambulance also left it out of service while repairs were carried out. West Yorkshire Police is appealing for anyone with information to contact them.

लीड्स में एक आपात स्थिति का जवाब देते समय एक एम्बुलेंस चालक दल का निजी सामान चोरी हो गया था।


Jury discharged in Wisbech industrial estate body murder

Summary: The jury in the trial of a man who was accused of murder, after a body was found on an industrial estate, has been discharged for legal reasons.

Tomas Lazdauskas, 24, of Milner Road, Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, was on trial at Cambridge Crown Court accused of the murder of Mindaugas Arlauskas, 28. Mr Arlauskas's body was found on Sandall Road in Wisbech on 9 May. The jury was discharged on Thursday. A retrial will begin at Peterborough Crown Court on Monday. Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email eastofenglandnews@bbc.co.uk

एक औद्योगिक एस्टेट पर एक शव मिलने के बाद, हत्या के आरोपी व्यक्ति के मुकदमे में जूरी को कानूनी कारणों से छुट्टी दे दी गई है।


Beauty queen wearing gloves at orphanage 'not racist'

Summary: Photos of Miss South Africa wearing gloves while visiting black children at an orphanage in Soweto sparked a online outcry - but the orphanage staff say any insinuation that Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters is racist is "ridiculous".

By Megha MohanBBC Trending "Of course it wasn't because she didn't want to touch black children," says Carol Dyantyi, a spokesperson for the Orlando West Community Centre Ikageng. Nel-Peters was volunteering to feed orphans at the centre, and the gloves were a health and safety measure. "We told her, and all other volunteers, to wear them while they were handling food around the children," Dyantyi tells BBC Trending. "It was purely to protect the children from the risk of contaminated food. This social media reaction is ridiculous." Thousands of Twitter users criticised Nel-Peters after photos of her at a soup drive on Wednesday began to circulate on social media. Many accused the beauty queen of wearing the latex gloves "because she didn't want to touch black children" and shared images of her hugging dogs and white children with bare hands. In a video posted to her Twitter account, Nel-Peters said that she wore the gloves for sanitary reasons and denied that were any racial undertones to her actions. "All the volunteers on site wore gloves today because we honestly thought that it's the right thing to do while working with food and while handing out food to young kids," Nel-Peters said. She also apologised to those who were offended. Claudia Henkel, a spokesperson for the beauty queen, also sent images to BBC Trending of Nel-Peters gloveless and playing with the children after the food had been served. BBC Trending on Facebook However, not everyone was satisfied with her response. The hashtag #MissSAChallenge began to trend on Twitter on Thursday, as South Africans poked fun of the "hygiene" reason cited for the gloves. More than 18,000 tweets used the hashtag, and some users posted pictures of themselves doing mundane tasks whilst unnecessarily wearing gloves. Not all of the responses were critical and others defended Miss South Africa. Henkel tells Trending that whilst the social media backlash had "saddened" Nel-Peters, she is adamant about doing more soup drives in the near future. "And if she is asked to wear gloves for the safety of the children, then she will again," Henkel adds. Blog by Megha Mohan You can follow BBC Trending on Twitter @BBCtrending, and find us on Facebook. All our stories are at bbc.com/trending.

सोवेटो में एक अनाथालय में अश्वेत बच्चों से मिलने के दौरान दस्ताने पहने मिस साउथ अफ्रीका की तस्वीरों ने एक ऑनलाइन आक्रोश को जन्म दिया-लेकिन अनाथालय के कर्मचारियों का कहना है कि डेमी-ले नेल-पीटर्स के नस्लवादी होने का कोई भी आक्षेप "हास्यास्पद" है।


Slough rape: Woman attacked in grounds of St Mary's Church

Summary: A woman has been raped in a churchyard in Slough.

The victim, who is in her 30s, was attacked in the grounds of St Mary's Church, in Church Street, Upton, at about 19:45 GMT on Wednesday. Thames Valley Police said the attacker was "dark skinned with a scar on his face" and believed to be between 40 and 45 years old. The force has appealed for witnesses to the attack to come forward. It added the offender was wearing a grey hat, white shoes and was of stocky, muscular build with dark eyes.

स्लॉ में एक चर्चयार्ड में एक महिला के साथ बलात्कार किया गया है।


The radio station giving hope to listeners in Syria

Summary: As horrifying war reports are beamed out of Syria, a tiny radio station sends broadcasts in the other direction from Istanbul. Made up of Syrian exiles, the team gathers news from citizen journalists on the ground and has branched out into dramas and comedy shows. But they say the most important thing they provide is hope.

By Emma Jane KirbyBBC News, Istanbul The studio technician patches through the first call of the morning phone-in programme. "Hello there!" says Sama the cheerful presenter, nodding through the studio window at the engineer on the other side of the glass. There's a long silence followed by a crackle. "Hello? She repeats "Hello? What's your point about forgiveness?" It might be any old radio show in any old country but this is Radio Alwan - an independent Syrian news station which broadcasts out of Istanbul and their calls are coming in from inside the war-torn country. Forgiveness takes on a whole new meaning here. No-one's calling the programme to chat about pardoning a cheating partner or absolving a friend who's stood them up. The crackle splits and splinters into a male voice. It's a paramedic from Idlib province, south-west of Aleppo. He wants to share a comment a colleague has just posted on Facebook straight after witnessing the massacre of 27 people. "The only way forward for Syria's future is to forgive and to be forgiven," he says. In the meeting room after her show is off air, Sama tugs at her hair, buzzing with the emotions that have come down the phone lines into the studio. "Did you hear the audience?" she asks me. "I mean they all want to forgive - it's just stunning!" She shakes her head in disbelief. "You know, I would have a problem forgiving you if you slapped me or if you took my cup of tea - yet these people inside Syria who suffered bombings and missiles and death - they say we must forgive. The Syrian people are really amazing." It's certainly humbling. Like all of Radio Alwan's staff, Sama is an exiled Syrian and she still has family and friends stuck in besieged areas. "Sometimes I can hear the bombing when the listener is talking to me," she tells me. "And sometimes when I hear what they tell me, I just want to die - I want to cry or I want to scream. But this is my job and I have to continue." Find out more Listen to Emma Jane Kirby's report about Radio Alwan on the PM programme, on BBC Radio 4 The incessant bloodshed has made continuing extremely difficult for Radio Alwan's news operations, especially in Eastern Aleppo, which was effectively recaptured by government troops last week, not long after my visit to Radio Alwan. Early this year, their local studio in Aleppo was smashed by masked men and their staff attacked. All their equipment was destroyed. Sami, the station's head of special projects and human resources, sighs. "It was a difficult decision to take," he admits "But we had to think of the safety of our staff and we closed the office. Now we just have one correspondent on the outskirts of Aleppo and we just pray he is OK." Sami explains that the station is continuing with a network of civilian journalists who are not professionally trained but whom he says are "incredibly brave" as they chase up news, despite horrific dangers and terrible personal circumstances. He invites his young colleague Dima in from the newsroom to explain how their newsgathering operation works. "Our sources in eastern Aleppo are two girls," she tells me. "And right now they are stuck - they are trapped in the fighting - and they run from one neighbourhood to another… they have to walk many miles on foot and they are in the path of the war planes and missiles." She tells me that one of the women is a teacher and that both women are now extremely frightened because they have often sent video footage and worry they will be recognised, tracked down and punished. Sami has already told me that it is Radio Alwan's priority to call all of its journalists every single day to check on their safety and their psychological health. He tries hard to "lift them up". But of course, it's not always easy getting hold of someone in eastern Aleppo. Dima puts her hands to her mouth. "Sometimes we miss them for hours and we call and call… we say, 'Where are you? Please, where are you?'... but there is nothing." Dima and Sami have reason to be worried about losing contact with their reporters. Last month, their main source in eastern Aleppo, a married man who had recently become a father, was on his way to check the details of a story for Radio Alwan's newsdesk, when his car was hit by a missile strike. As she talks, Dima breaks down. "His boy was just two months," she cries. "It's hard, but it's real life and every day we deal with sadness." Sami admits the war has taken its toll too on his Istanbul team who are often racked with guilt that they managed to escape the war. He tells me an evening out can often turn sour for him when he remembers his family and colleagues struggling back home. Ironically he says, it's often those trapped in besieged areas who give Radio Alwan hope. Mid-morning presenter Sama sighs. "It's so hard," she says. "Because honestly, right now, I don't believe in hope. I don't feel any hope. But I can't say that in the studio when I am on air. I have to keep talking about hope. The audience tell us that's what they need - hope." Radio Alwan sees itself very much as a public service and Sami explains that's why the station has put a lot of resources recently into creating radio dramas, comedy shows and magazine programmes for its listeners. "The radio is for the people," he insists, "Not for the presenter, the producer or the technician. And the people don't just need to hear bad news, they need diversion too." He talks me through the new schedule. Coming up is a practical programme aimed at Syrians who have fled to refugee camps. An expert is on hand to explain to the refugees how to make warmer shelters for the winter months using mud found on site. Another expert will advise on making food and clothing go further. Sami's very proud of the station's new women's programme that is presented by a woman from Idlib and has attracted a lot of male listeners too. It's broadcast and welcomed in areas where extremist ideology has taken hold, he points out. I tell him about BBC Radio 4's long running programme, Woman's Hour, and he chuckles that it's nice to know Radio Alwan is on the right path. The name of their programme he tells me is Hi Grandma. I make a mental note never to tell Jenni Murray. How Radio Alwan began In the small gallery, we listen to an excerpt from a twice-weekly comedy sketch, Where Are You My Dear? which features two Syrian shopkeeper characters and a cleaner who banter in the street together. Although I can't understand the Arabic, I find I'm smiling at the voices. Sami looks delighted. "It's really very clever writing," he grins. "I laugh out loud when I listen. And it is written and produced in Idlib." Twenty-three-year-old Maram comes to join us wearing dark jeans and a trendy bright green T-shirt. She's the new young face (or rather young voice) behind Radio Alwan's youth strand and she regularly hosts phone-ins on subjects like football kit and football supporters. It gives, she explains, a young generation who have grown up under a backdrop and soundscape of war, something else to focus on. "I just try to put a smile on their face," she shrugs. "You know, make them think of something normal, something that isn't bombs." Radio Alwan is currently planning a new drama about the White Helmets, Syria's volunteer civil defence force, but I want to know what's happening in their established soap opera, Sad Northern Nights. It tells the story of widowed Thoraya whose husband has been killed by Assad's forces, her teenage son Karam who has been brainwashed by Daesh and Sariah, a member of the civil defence force who is trying to help them both. It is low-budget and many of the parts are played by members of the newsroom yet the drama is spellbinding. "It's a true story in a way, even if the actual characters don't exist," Sami reminds me. "We are really telling the same stories we tell in the news - but through the drama we try to tell the story of the Syrian people in a different way, perhaps a less brutal way." And the Syrian audience - who love the drama - were treated at the end of the last series to a truly happy ending. Karam was rescued from Daesh and went back to school, Sariah wooed and then married Thoraya and they even had a baby together. "So, that's it?" I ask Sami. "They all lived happily ever after?" Sami smiles sadly. "We want to make the drama realistic," he says. "So I think we now have to wait a bit to see what will happen in Syria before we start making series three. You just never know what will happen in Syria… if or when an attack will come." Later that day, waiting for my plane at the airport, I receive an email from Sami, in which he has attached the last minute of Sad Northern Nights series two for me to enjoy. I hear Sariah chatting cheerfully with his wife about the baby before he picks up his bag and heads out of the door for a meeting with the civil defence force. His footsteps trail off into the night… And I think of Sami and Dima and Sama back at Radio Alwan nervously calling and calling their correspondents on the ground back home in Syria, willing them to pick up the phone, willing them to return home safely, willing them a happy ending to this war from hell. Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and Twitter.

जैसे ही सीरिया से भयावह युद्ध की खबरें प्रसारित की जाती हैं, एक छोटा रेडियो स्टेशन इस्तांबुल से दूसरी दिशा में प्रसारण भेजता है। सीरियाई निर्वासितों से बना यह दल जमीनी स्तर पर नागरिक पत्रकारों से समाचार एकत्र करता है और नाटकों और हास्य कार्यक्रमों में विभाजित हो जाता है। लेकिन वे कहते हैं कि सबसे महत्वपूर्ण चीज जो वे प्रदान करते हैं वह आशा है।


Indochina's highest mountain just got taller

Summary: Vietnam's Mount Fansipan, the highest mountain on the Indochinese Peninsula, is taller than previously thought. The peak in the Lao Cai province of Vietnam's mountainous north was remeasured earlier this year, and officially stands 3,147.3 metres (10,325.7 ft) above sea level - 4.3 metres (14 ft) higher than its last official reckoning , the 24h.com.vn news site reports.

By News from Elsewhere......as found by BBC Monitoring Phan Duc Hieu, director of the Department of Survey, Mapping and Geographic Information told reporters that the mountain was last surveyed in 1909 by the then French colonial authorities, using the barometric method of placing atmospheric pressure gauges at the peak and base of the mountain to calculate its height. But Mr Hieu's team have used the Global Navigation Satellite System, combined with altitude data from satellite positioning stations around Asia, to provide what they are sure is an accurate reading. "We are submitting documents to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for consideration, and proposing corrections to textbooks and other material in line with the new data," he told the Voice of Vietnam national broadcaster. You might also like: Mr Hieu proposes two theories as to why the mountain is considerably higher than earlier thought, one being a simple matter of the French surveyors' obsolete technology. But the other suggests that the Hoang Lien Son Mountain Range, which includes Fansipan, has been ascending heavenwards at a rate of 4.3 cm (1.6 inches) a year. 'Roof of Indochina' The range lies to the west of the Red River Fault, where the Yangtze Tectonic Plate collides with the Sagaing Fault in Burma and slowly pushes the mountains higher. Geologist Cao Dinh Trieu says "high tectonic activity in the range in recent years is entirely consistent with the evaluation of scientists", and expects the "Roof of Indochina" as it is known to continue to rise, 24h.co.vn reports. Meanwhile, Mr Hieu says his department will "continue to monitor Fansipan to determine the specific cause". The mountain is in a heavily-wooded, long-inaccessible part of the country, and was first mapped in 1905 as part of a French project to demarcate the border with China. More recently Vietnam has developed the tourism infrastructure of the Hoang Lien National Park, including a spectacular 15-minute cable car ride that features in the Guinness World Records - and may have just grown a little longer. Reporting by Martin Morgan Next story: Scientists 'speechless' at Arctic fox's epic trek Use #NewsfromElsewhere to stay up-to-date with our reports via Twitter.

वियतनाम का माउंट फैन्सिपन, इंडोचीनी प्रायद्वीप का सबसे ऊंचा पर्वत, पहले की तुलना में लंबा है। वियतनाम के पहाड़ी उत्तर के लाओ काई प्रांत में चोटी का इस साल की शुरुआत में पुनः मापन किया गया था, और आधिकारिक तौर पर समुद्र तल से 3,147.3 मीटर (10,325.7 फीट) ऊपर है-अपनी पिछली आधिकारिक गणना, 24h.com.vn समाचार साइट की रिपोर्ट से 4.3 मीटर (14 फीट) अधिक।


Jayalalitha: The 'goddess' of Tamil Nadu politics

Summary: The passing of Jayaram Jayalalitha, one of India's most flamboyant and controversial politicians, leaves a void that will be felt for a long time in both her home state, Tamil Nadu, and in the Indian political scene.

By Sudha G Tilak Delhi The leader of Tamil Nadu state and former actress who played a powerful goddess on screen was all too human and yet her followers deified her as a divine being. She inspired a cult following, and adoring followers often called her "Adi parashakti" - which means the ultimate powerful goddess in Tamil. She was one of India's most charismatic and enigmatic personalities, single-handedly holding her own in the masculine world of Tamil politics and effectively breaking a more than 30-year-old culture of male dominance. Successful actress While there have been several female leaders across Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh and India, Jayalalitha came from a different background. Other female premiers, like Indira Gandhi, Benazir Bhutto, Sheikh Hasina and Sirimavo Bandaranaike, all came from political families. Jayalalitha, on the other hand, came from a middle-class family, where her mother was a small-time actress. On various occasions she described herself as a prim, convent-bred girl who had dreamt of a world of academic and legal studies with an interest in English theatre. She topped her state in her school-leaving exams and was awarded a scholarship to college studies. However, to tide over her family's financial crisis, she began to act instead. Actor and late Tamil Nadu chief minister MG Ramachandran was Jayalalitha's mentor, and inducted her into the movies. She acted in more than 140 films from the 1960s. She was a successful actress of her time, paired with the top heroes of all south Indian languages. Challenging norms Her ability to speak English, considered a social marker, and ability to sing marked her skills in the movie business. And, even in her acting career, Jayalalitha was not afraid to challenge established norms. A common trope in films of the time was that of the "spoilt shrew tamed by the hero". But Jayalalitha soon tired of that stereotype - and eventually started playing independent women who resisted traditional roles for women. Fame and success came at a cost, though - there was intense tabloid interest in her private life, while her heartbreaks were fodder for local Tamil magazines. She came under similar scrutiny when she became a politician. After a lull in her career she was inducted into the regional AIADMK party as its propaganda secretary. Her maiden public address in 1982 on the power of women struck a chord with many. Earning enemies Jayalalitha's estrangement with her brother and family, and the fact that a companion, the wife of a small time video shop businessman, was arrested for alleged involvement in corruption scandals, added more fodder to the media and rivals hungry for her downfall. Her loneliness and lack of family were often held up as a personality flaws by her rivals. Critics also accused her of corruption, suppressing political rivals ruthlessly, and establishing a corrupt inner circle. The midnight arrest of her political rivals, and her withdrawal of support to the ruling federal BJP government led by Prime Minister Vajpayee in 1999, earned her enemies among political parties across India, including her own party leaders, and the media. Jayalalitha even earned the nickname "Imelda Marcos of India" thanks to her cult of personality and the excesses she exhibited in her first term of office as chief minister of Tamil Nadu in the 1990s. And eyebrows were raised when she arranged a controversial wedding for her foster son, featuring 10 dining halls and extravagant decorations, in 1995 while she was chief minister. She disowned her foster son a year later. Her supporters defended her from corruption allegations, saying she was no more corrupt than the male politicians of her time and was only playing a game they were all too familiar with. Outspoken While her rivals showcased their party's ideologies and fostered their dynastic brand of politics, Jayalalitha's lone persona as a single woman was held up for ridicule. Jayalalitha was outspoken, saying she was proud to be a woman, an upper-caste Brahmin and a Hindu - in a state where politicians espoused the rationalistic credo of their parties and decried Brahminism and religion. But the last decade of her tenure as chief minister was marked by efforts to reshape her image into that of a benign and benevolent mother figure. Gone were the personal excesses of silks and diamonds. They were replaced with a sober dress code: given to belief in astrology too she began to wear dark colours, especially plain green and blue and maroon. Uncertain future She successfully built up a near-indelible personality cult through welfare schemes - and the inexpensive food and water products, branded "Amma" after her nickname, mother, that were provided to the poor. Subsidies made up more than a third of Tamil Nadu's revenue spending, and the policies endeared her to women and children. Tamil Nadu also became the first state in India to allow government hospitals to perform medical procedures on transgender people to help them fight infections. Jayaalalitha spent a lot of time in court, facing multiple corruption allegations. But, following each arrest, she eventually emerged unscathed. Jayalalitha's passing leaves her party, one of the oldest regional parties in India, in a shambles. But she will also be remembered as a woman who stood up and created her own narrative - both in the film world, and in politics. Sudha G Tilak is an independent Delhi-based journalist

भारत की सबसे तेजतर्रार और विवादास्पद राजनेताओं में से एक, जयराम जयललीता का निधन एक शून्य छोड़ गया है जो उनके गृह राज्य, तमिलनाडु और भारतीय राजनीतिक परिदृश्य दोनों में लंबे समय तक महसूस किया जाएगा।


One person dies in A303 multi-vehicle crash

Summary: One man has died and three others have been injured in a multi-vehicle crash on the A303 in Somerset.

The accident involved four vehicles on the Illminster bypass between Ilminster and South Petherton at 11:15 BST. Avon and Somerset police said the crash involved a lorry which collided with a Corsa and then two other cars. Police have confirmed the driver of the Corsa died. The driver of the lorry has been arrested in connection with the accident. The road reopened at 18:00 BST.

समरसेट में ए303 पर एक बहु-वाहन दुर्घटना में एक व्यक्ति की मौत हो गई है और तीन अन्य घायल हो गए हैं।


Viewpoint: The internet is broken - we need to start over

Summary: Last year, the level and ferocity of cyber-attacks on the internet reached such a horrendous level that some are now thinking the unthinkable: to let the internet wither on the vine and start up a new more robust one instead.

By Prof Alan WoodwardDepartment of Computing, University of Surrey On being asked if we should start again, many - maybe most - immediately argue that the internet is such an integral part of our social and economic fabric that even considering a change in its fundamental structure is inconceivable and rather frivolous. I was one of those. However, recently the evidence suggests that our efforts to secure the internet are becoming less and less effective, and so the idea of a radical alternative suddenly starts to look less laughable. One example of struggling security comes from Neira Jones, head of payment security at Barclaycard. She told me that in the UK alone, identity fraud costs more than £2.7bn every year and affects over 1.8 million people. We also increasingly have other forms of cyber-attacks from political activists (so called 'hacktivists'), and cyber-espionage and warfare, where the internet has become another stage for global conflict between nations. We need to understand the root of the problem. In essence, the internet was never intended to be a secure network. The concept was developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa) as a means of allowing a distributed computer system to survive a nuclear attack on the US. Those who designed the Internet Protocol (IP) did not expect that someone might try to intercept or manipulate information sent across it. As we expanded our use of the internet from large, centralised computers to personal computers and mobile devices, its underlying technology stayed the same. The internet is no longer a single entity but a collection of 'things' unified by only one item - IP - which is now so pervasive that it is used to connect devices as wide-ranging as cars and medical devices. Many technologies were then built upon this foundation. The best known was HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML) which is what allows web pages such as this to be displayed in the way you view it now. And, yes, many of these technologies included the ability to secure the data that is being transmitted over the internet. All will have used one of these 'secure' technologies, most usually when buying something over the internet. Technology to serve But, stop and ask yourself this, if it is 'secure', why are there so many successful attacks? Some argue that humans are the weak link and hence changing the internet's underlying technology would not really solve the problem. I take issue with that. Technology serves people not vice versa. It is unreasonable to expect users in general to understand complex technologies to the degree necessary to ensure they operate securely over the internet. It's analogous to a house. By default a house should be built to allow it to be occupied safely. If you chose to start knocking down walls then it is your fault if the house collapses. But if the foundations of any structure are unsound, no matter how strong or unmodified the building on top, there is always a significant risk of safety being undermined through no fault of yours. Of course, some argue that you can simply underpin structures with shaky foundations. There are other, more secure technologies that could be substituted for the current 'IP'. This June sees the launch of what many consider to be the next generation of IP (known as IPv6 and IPSec) which is capable of securing all data transmitted over the internet. However, availability of a better technology does not automatically lead to its adoption. Secure alternatives to IP have existed for a long time and yet none have been adopted widely. In fact, the launch in June is more of a relaunch intended to reinvigorate interest in the next generation of IP which was developed in 1998. I have my doubts as to its success as the internet has a momentum of its own: without someone mandating its use, or more specifically how it should be used, it is unlikely that it will be deployed to make up for the current shortcomings. Security afterthought Ever since the internet first changed from an academics' toy to become a commercial tool in the 1990s, security has always been an afterthought. Only in an environment where the providers of the underlying networks insist upon the use of a single, secure technology, can one have a set of firm foundations. Sadly, a key characteristic of our current internet is that it is a lawless, unregulated environment. Even governmental attempts at governance have failed as the internet is global and no truly global governance body exists. Neira Jones summed it up nicely when she said to me that while regulations are trying to address the security void, success will depend on collective responsibility and accountability as well as extensive awareness and education at all levels. While not a popular view, I think that the current internet can only survive if adequate global governance is applied and that single, secure technology is mandated. This is obviously fraught with the much rehashed arguments about control of the internet, free speech, and so on. Then there is the Herculean task of achieving international agreement and a recognised and empowered governance body. However, this exists for other shared infrastructures, from aviation to telephony, so it is not impossible. I think the answer lies somewhere in the middle. We can have areas of the internet that are governed by a global body and run on technologies which are inherently secure, and we can have areas which are known to be uncontrolled. They can coexist using the same physical networks, personal computers and user interface to access both but they would be clearly segregated such that a user would have to make a clear choice to leave the default safe zone and enter what has been described as "the seediest place on the planet".

पिछले साल, इंटरनेट पर साइबर हमलों का स्तर और क्रूरता इतने भयानक स्तर पर पहुंच गई कि कुछ लोग अब अकल्पनीय सोच रहे हैंः इंटरनेट को बेल पर मुरझाने देना और इसके बजाय एक नया और अधिक मजबूत शुरू करना।


Fire in historic centre of Halesworth

Summary: Firefighters spent the night dealing with a blaze in the historic centre of a market town in Suffolk.

Suffolk Fire and Rescue Service was called to shops in Chediston Street, near the market place in Halesworth, at about 18:15 BST. About 10 crews tackled the fire which had spread to two neighbouring buildings, causing a roof to collapse. It was extinguished at about 02:00 on Tuesday and an investigation will begin later. A fire service spokesman said no-one had been injured.

दमकलकर्मियों ने सफ़ोक के एक बाजार शहर के ऐतिहासिक केंद्र में आग से निपटने में रात बिताई।


Bagging a bargain at the Art Car Boot Fair

Summary: Imagine a car boot sale and you probably think of wallpaper tables covered in cheap tat. But the Art Car Boot Fair is a spin on the traditional sale. Instead of bric-a-brac, limited edition artworks by top British artists are sold from the back of their motors.

By Genevieve HassanBBC News entertainment reporter Created and curated by Karen Ashton, the one-day fair spawned from an idea to hold a London-to-Brighton car rally with a boot sale afterwards. It has been running annually in London since 2004 and has just held its ninth edition. More than 70 British artists participated this year including Sir Peter Blake, Tracey Emin, Gavin Turk, Polly Morgan, Mat Collishaw and Bob & Roberta Smith. Artists can only have a pitch by invite and, although they don't have to pay a fee, they have to be in attendance on the day to sell their work. The event is sponsored by Vauxhall, who provide the motors - both new and classic - for the stalls to be set up around. The other similarity with the traditional car park jumble sale is that the artworks are sold for knockdown prices - with pieces changing hands for as little as £10. With the draw of big-name artists, more than 4,000 art-lovers attended the event with some queuing for hours to get their hands on affordable works. Some even camped overnight. First in line were Taylor Wright and Josh Wright, both 18 years old from High Wycombe (although unrelated, despite the surname). They started the queue at 01:00 on Sunday morning to ensure they would be the first in line. "We wanted to grab a bargain and meet some artists," said Josh, who was armed with a wishlist of artworks. "I'm quite poor so I'm only going for a Peter Blake today," Taylor Wright added. A quick straw poll of the queue found most people were also after a print by the 79-year-old, best known for his Sgt Pepper's record sleeve. His work - revealed on the day - was an A4 souvenir poster of the car boot fair which this year also celebrated the Queen's Jubilee. Limited to a signed edition of just 250, they were being sold for a mere £40 - and all were snapped up in just over an hour. Sir Peter has been to the fair every year since it began (excluding last year, when he was too ill to attend) and first sold wood engravings before becoming known for prints marking the event. 'Democratising art' For Sir Peter, the fair was a "nice day out"; a chance to catch up with old friends and meet some new ones. Gavin Turk, who rose to prominence during the so-called Young British Artists wave during the 1990s, shared his sentiment. "I love the fact that the artists themselves come and sell their own work," he said. "It somehow democratises art and makes it available to more people and helps the audience understand art." Taxidermy artist Polly Morgan agreed: "It means people who can't normally afford to buy your bigger work can get something and it's a fun day out." As well as giving artists the chance to meet the people who buy their artwork, the fair also allows them to create pieces they may not ordinarily produce for an exhibition. Morgan presented a new edition at the sale, giving her take on the furry dice - pheasant chicks being strangled by octopus tentacles. Just the sort of thing you'd want to hook on your rear-view mirror. Some artists also created live works at the fair, including graffiti artist Pure Evil - recently featured on BBC One's The Apprentice - who produced signed screen prints for £20 out the back of his bright orange van. Jessica Albarn, sister to Blur frontman Damon Albarn, also gave a drawing performance in a garden shed. As well as creating some limited edition packets of wildflower seeds to raise funds for the Bumblebee Conservation Trust, she spent the day drawing the insects and sold them as originals. "I like the spirit of the fair," Albarn said. "It's nice for artists to represent themselves and sell our wares without going through a gallery and you have a bit of freedom to have fun." Secondary market With art up for grabs at relatively cheap prices, a proportion of it inevitably ends up on auction sites with sellers hoping for a quick profit. Last year, limited edition Damien Hirst prints sold at the fair for a meagre £300. They were changing hands just days after for £3,000. "The whole point of selling them cheap is you hope people like and keep them, and it gives them the chance to buy something," said Sir Peter. "Certainly in the first years there were people who would come and buy four or five, but we recognise them now so we only sell one. They go on eBay and I don't like that, but it's going to happen." Morgan added: "It's a shame some people do it quite so cynically but I guess if they've been queuing for many hours or camped out overnight maybe they deserve a bit of money back." "People that buy it for twice the price are quite foolish because they could probably buy something direct from the artist for less than that." Turk also suggested immediate sales on the secondary market may not be a bad thing: "In a way, the fact the art ends up on eBay is almost quite exciting as it means the marketplace carries on even after the fair." "But on the whole, most people are buying it for themselves." Early queuers Taylor Wright and Josh Wright said they had no intention of selling their purchases after managing to snap up exactly what they wanted. "I got a Sir Peter Blake Jubilee print so I'm very happy," Taylor said. "I'm going to try and get a nice frame and keep it at home because I like it." Josh added: "I got a Peter Blake as well and a Marcus Harvey edition of five - so it paid off coming really early." The fair is expected to return next year with a retrospective to celebrate its 10th birthday.

एक कार बूट बिक्री की कल्पना करें और आप शायद सस्ते टैट में कवर किए गए वालपेपर टेबल के बारे में सोचते हैं। लेकिन आर्ट कार बूट फेयर पारंपरिक बिक्री पर एक स्पिन है। ब्रिक-ए-ब्रैक के बजाय, शीर्ष ब्रिटिश कलाकारों द्वारा सीमित संस्करण कलाकृतियों को उनकी मोटरों के पीछे से बेचा जाता है।


RAF Lossiemouth Tornados go to Italy to help over Libya

Summary: Four Tornado jets from RAF Lossiemouth have arrived in southern Italy to bolster UK operations over Libya.

The Ministry of Defence said the aircraft will be used for reconnaissance and to increase the strike capability of operations over Libya. The Moray base was saved from closure under defence cuts announced on Monday. Kinloss, also in Moray, and Leuchars in Fife will shut as air bases and be taken over by the Army.

लीबिया पर ब्रिटेन के अभियानों को मजबूत करने के लिए आरएएफ लॉसीमाउथ से चार बवंडर विमान दक्षिणी इटली पहुंचे हैं।


Luton toddler bus assault: 19-month-old girl 'hit by man'

Summary: A 19-month-old girl travelling on a bus with her mother was hit on the back of the head and shouted at by a man, police said.

The incident happened on the number 29 bus from Luton town centre to St Margaret's Avenue on 4 February. Bedfordshire Police said the child had been crying while in a pushchair next to her mother. "This is a truly shocking incident where a baby was assaulted on a bus in broad daylight," said PC Carolyn Hoare. "We will not tolerate this kind of behaviour in our county." The force has released CCTV images of a man it would like to speak to in relation to the assault.

पुलिस ने कहा कि अपनी मां के साथ बस में यात्रा कर रही एक 19 महीने की लड़की को एक व्यक्ति ने सिर के पीछे मारा और चिल्लाया।


Biomass plant plans for Anglesey Aluminium move forward

Summary: Plans to build a large biomass plant and eco park on the site of the former Anglesey Aluminium works near Holyhead have taken an important step forward.

The UK government has approved design changes to the proposals by Chester-based Lateral Power. Plans for a biomass plant at the site were first put forward in 2009 and a licence was granted in 2012. The factory could create 400 new jobs with an extra 600 in the construction phase. A spokesman for the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), which first granted permission for the plant in 2011, said ministerial consent had been given to allow for some technological changes to the biomass generating station at Penrhos Works. The plant is expected to generate 299MW of electricity, which is enough to power about 300,000 homes. Anglesey Aluminium smelting works shut in 2009 with the loss of nearly 400 jobs.

होलीहेड के पास पूर्व एंग्लेसी एल्यूमीनियम कार्यों के स्थल पर एक बड़ा बायोमास संयंत्र और इको पार्क बनाने की योजना ने एक महत्वपूर्ण कदम आगे बढ़ाया है।


Man denies Skegness murder charge

Summary: A man has appeared in court and pleaded not guilty to the murder of a man in a street in Skegness in Lincolnshire.

Paul Barnett, 45, was discovered on Grosvenor Road in the resort on 22 September, and was pronounced dead at the scene. Paul Bodell, 37, of Grosvenor Road, Skegness, appeared at Lincoln Crown Court. A trial - due to last six days - has been set for 22 March and the defendant was remanded in custody. More news from across Lincolnshire Follow BBC East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Send your story ideas to yorkslincs.news@bbc.co.uk.

एक व्यक्ति अदालत में पेश हुआ और लिंकनशायर के स्केगनेस में एक सड़क पर एक व्यक्ति की हत्या के लिए दोषी नहीं होने का अनुरोध किया।


Shipman, Bristol, Stafford, Morecambe Bay - and now Gosport

Summary: One by one the scandals have become etched on the public consciousness. The mass killings by Harold Shipman. The deaths of babies undergoing heart surgery at Bristol Royal Infirmary and born under the care of Morecambe Bay maternity services. The needless suffering of patients at Stafford Hospital.

Nick TriggleHealth correspondent@nicktriggleon Twitter Now we can add Gosport War Memorial Hospital in Hampshire to that list. News that 456 patients died after they were given opiate painkillers without reason is one of those moments that send a shudder through the NHS - and the nation. All these scandals are, of course, different. Shipman was about the actions of one person. Stafford was an institutional failing on a mass scale. Gosport has elements of both. But there are similarities too that run through all of them - and they go to the heart of what perhaps still remains an uncomfortable truth about healthcare. Whether it is in the GP's surgery, on a ward in a hospital, a room in a care home or from the comfort of your sofa during a home visit, patients see doctors and other healthcare staff when they are at their most vulnerable. The interactions are based on trust. A trust which is overwhelmingly repaid by the thousands of dedicated staff who treat millions of patients every week in the NHS. But bad practices can set in and poor care can go unchallenged. It is the common thread that runs through all four cases. And it begs two questions. How can it happen? In unveiling his findings, panel chairman Bishop James Jones talked about the "institutionalised" nature of what went wrong at Gosport. A culture where the unacceptable became acceptable had developed. It seems shocking. But it shouldn't. In any workplace, the culture and values are key. In an organisation the size of the NHS, they come from the top, but also from those you work with directly. Peter Carter, the former general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, has talked about the NHS being a series of "microclimates", where good care can exist next to bad. He visited Stafford Hospital before the horror of what happened came to light. He was shown around wards, but not the ones that were at the centre of the subsequent inquiry. Afterwards he praised the care he saw. It can make identifying problems very difficult. It requires those on the inside - staff or patients - to blow the whistle. But time and time again that doesn't happen. Inquiries into Stafford Hospital, Morecambe Bay and Shipman detail the trusts placed in the system and staff. When people do have concerns there is a temptation to want to avoid making a "nuisance" of yourself or a fear of reprisals, according to Sir Robert Francis, who led the Stafford inquiry. Even when concerns are raised, they are not always acted on. This has happened in all these cases. Lib Dem MP Norman Lamb, who has been active in supporting the families in the Gosport case, has described how the hospital "closed ranks". Similar conclusions were drawn by the inquiries into Bristol, Morecambe Bay and Stafford Hospital. Hence, it has taken relatives 20 years of fighting to get the full scale of what went on at Gosport into the light. Could something similar be happening today? The NHS has changed dramatically in the past 10 to 20 years. The Shipman case led to changes into how deaths are recorded, controlled medicines are monitored and GPs are assessed. The Bristol Royal Infirmary and Stafford Hospital cases led to an overhaul in how hospitals are inspected and death rates used to hold them to account. Whistle-blowers now enjoy greater protection when they come forward. Patients are encouraged to play an active role in making decisions about their care, with doctors and nurses consulting with them in a way that would have been unimaginable previously. It means healthcare is undoubtedly safer than it was when each of these scandals were unfolding. But consider this: the failings at Morecambe Bay were still going on as recently as 2013. Indeed, Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt, in his statement to Parliament on Gosport, said it was only right that "searching questions" are asked about whether everything is being done to prevent another scandal. You need only look at the most recent NHS staff survey in England to see the system is far from perfect. Nearly a third did not feel secure in raising concerns about unsafe care. An even greater number were not confident their complaints would be acted on. The scandals that haunt the NHS Dr Harold Shipman - Responsible for killing at least 215 patients over a 25-year period from the mid 1970s. Many were elderly women who died after he injected them with lethal doses of diamorphine. Stafford Hospital - Criticised for causing suffering to hundreds of patients during the late 2000s. Trust in charge of hospital later placed into administration. Bristol heart deaths - Thirty-five babies died and dozens more left brain-damaged by poor practices identified at child heart surgery unit between 1991 and 1995 Morecambe Bay - An inquiry said a "lethal mix" of failures in maternity care led to the deaths of 11 babies and a mother over nine years. Gosport War Memorial Hospital - Independent panel found there was a "disregard for human life" at hospital where inappropriate use of strong painkillers linked to the deaths of over 450 people. Read more from Nick Follow Nick on Twitter

एक-एक करके घोटाले सार्वजनिक चेतना पर अंकित हो गए हैं। हैरोल्ड शिपमैन द्वारा सामूहिक हत्याएँ। ब्रिस्टल रॉयल इन्फर्मरी में हृदय शल्य चिकित्सा से गुजर रहे और मोरकेम्बे बे प्रसूति सेवाओं की देखभाल में पैदा हुए शिशुओं की मृत्यु। स्टैफोर्ड अस्पताल में रोगियों की अनावश्यक पीड़ा।