How Donald Trump captures the White House

Summary: In the week since Donald Trump effectively secured the Republican presidential nomination, a great deal of ink and airtime have been devoted to explaining why he will have a difficult time winning the presidency in the autumn.

Anthony ZurcherNorth America reporter@awzurcheron Twitter The Republican Party is too badly divided. His rhetoric is too incendiary. Republican voters may be "idiots", but the general public is wiser. The US electoral map, which places a premium on winning key high-population "swing" states, is tilted against the Republican Party. About that last point. On Tuesday a survey of three key swing states - Florida, Ohio and Pennsylvania - revealed a virtual dead heat between the two likely standard-bearers. Those states - which account for 67 electoral votes - all went for Democrat Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012. Add them to the states Republican Mitt Romney carried in 2012, and it delivers 273 electoral votes - three more than the 270 necessary to win the presidency. Throw in a national tracking poll released on Wednesday that has Donald Trump surging to within striking distance of Hillary Clinton, and it's a recipe for acute hyperventilation on the part of Democrats. But… but… but… cooler-heads respond. The Reuters/Ipsos national poll, which has Mrs Clinton ahead 41% to Mr Trump's 40% and 19% undecided, was conducted online. That Quinnipiac swing-state poll oversampled white voters - a demographic group that is more inclined to Republicans. In addition, it doesn't represent that big a shift from the group's battleground-state poll from last autumn, which undermines the theory that Mr Trump's support is growing. The news caused election guru Nate Silver to go on a Twitter tirade, asserting that it's way too early to start gaming out the state-by-state electoral map based on opinion polls. "The election will go through a lot of twists and turns, and polls are noisy," he writes. "Don't sweat individual polls or short-term fluctuations." Sweating polls is what US pundits and commentators do, however. And at the very least, signs that Mr Trump is within reach of Mrs Clinton should cast doubts on the early predictions that the Democrats will win in the autumn by historic, Goldwater-esque margins. Mr Trump has a pathway to the presidency. He may not get there. It is not the most likely outcome. But it's real. That linchpin of a Trump victory centres on the so-called Rust Belt - states like the aforementioned Pennsylvania and Ohio, as well as Michigan and Wisconsin. Even if Florida, due to its rapidly growing Hispanic population, goes to Mrs Clinton, Mr Trump could still win if he sweeps those states. It's a strategy that Mr Trump already appears to understand. "We'll win places that a lot of people say you're not going to win, that as a Republican you can't win," Mr Trump said at an April rally in Indiana. "Michigan is a great example; nobody else will go to Michigan. We're going to be encamped in Michigan because I think I can win it." The challenge for Mr Trump is that the mid-west, particularly, Wisconsin and Michigan, have served as a Democratic firewall that Republicans have been unable to penetrate since 1988. "These states constantly intrigue Republican presidential strategists because the Democratic advantage in them depends largely on an act of political levitation: the ability to consistently win a slightly greater share of working-class white voters here than almost anywhere else," writes the Atlantic's Ronald Brownstein. If Mr Trump is to find success, then, he likely will have to finally win over this stubborn portion of the mid-western electorate or, perhaps, energise what Sean Trende of RealClear Politics has called the "missing white voters". Trende points to a national drop-off more than 3.5 million white voters from the elections of 2008 to 2012, when population growth should have resulted in an increase of 1.5 million. These voters, he theorised, were largely working-class whites who had previously supported iconoclasts like Ross Perot, the 1992 anti-free-trade independent candidate. It's the type of voter that Mr Trump, with his populist economic pitch, has been turning out in the Republican primaries. In 2012 Mr Obama beat Mr Romney by roughly 5 million votes. If Mr Trump can bring those disaffected white voters back to the polls in 2016, it would cut into that margin. If Mrs Clinton is unable to produce the record-setting turnout among young and minority voters that Mr Obama achieved, the gap shrinks further still. That's a lot of "if's", of course. Young and minority voters - particularly Hispanics - may yet turn out to the polls in high numbers, if only to cast ballots against Mr Trump. There are already indications of record-setting Hispanic voter registration in places like California. There's also the risk that Mr Trump's reliance on populist rhetoric and controversial views on immigration could lead white-collar voters to favour Mrs Clinton. For every disaffected member of the working-class he brings in, he could lose a suburban mum or college-educated businessman. Even giving Mr Trump the benefit of the doubt, and viewing the recent polls as a trend and not a blip, there are still more electoral scenarios that end up with Mrs Clinton in the White House come 2017. For Mr Trump, the political stars have to re-align in his favour. For Mrs Clinton, a general-election status quo likely means victory.

डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प के रिपब्लिकन राष्ट्रपति पद के नामांकन को प्रभावी ढंग से हासिल करने के बाद के सप्ताह में, स्याही और प्रसारण का एक बड़ा सौदा यह समझाने के लिए समर्पित किया गया है कि शरद ऋतु में राष्ट्रपति पद जीतने में उन्हें क्यों मुश्किल होगी।


If no-one helps you after a car crash in India, this is why

Summary: When a road accident occurs, bystanders will usually try to help the injured, or at least call for help. In India it's different. In a country with some of the world's most dangerous roads, victims are all too often left to fend for themselves.

By Preeti JhaDelhi Kanhaiya Lal desperately cries for help but motorists swerve straight past him. His young son and the splayed bodies of his wife and infant daughter lie next to the mangled motorbike on which they had all been travelling seconds earlier. The widely broadcast CCTV footage of this scene - showing the suffering of a family of hit-and-run victims in northern India in 2013 and the apparent indifference of passers-by - troubled many Indians. Some motorcyclists and police eventually came to the family's aid but it was too late for Lal's wife and daughter. Their deaths sparked a nationwide debate over the role of bystanders - the media hailed it as a "new low in public apathy" and worse, "the day humanity died". But what safety campaigner Piyush Tewari saw wasn't a lack of compassion but an entire system stacked against helping road victims. His work to change this began nearly 10 years ago, when his 17-year-old cousin was knocked down on the way home from school. "A lot of people stopped but nobody came forward to help," Tewari says. "He bled to death on the side of the road." Tewari set out to understand this behaviour, and found the same pattern repeated time and again across the country. Passers-by who could have helped were holding back and doing nothing. "The foremost reason was intimidation by police," he says. "Oftentimes if you assist someone the police will assume you're helping that person out of guilt." The discovery spurred Tewari to set up SaveLIFE. In a 2013 survey, the foundation found that 74% of Indians were unlikely to help an accident victim, whether alone or with other bystanders. Apart from the fear of being falsely implicated, people also worried about becoming trapped as a witness in a court case - legal proceedings can be notoriously protracted in India. And if they helped the victim get to hospital, they feared coming under pressure to stump up fees for medical treatment. In a country with smoothly functioning emergency services, bystanders often need to do little more than call an ambulance, do their best to provide first aid and reassure victims that help is on the way. But in India ambulances are in short supply, sometimes very slow to arrive and often poorly equipped. This makes it a country in need of Good Samaritans - and according to Tewari there are many Good Samaritans out there. They just choose carefully when to leap into action. He contrasts the reluctance of passers-by to help victims of road accidents with their response to train crashes or bombs blasts. In these cases, he says, "before the police or media arrives everybody's been moved to hospital". The big difference with road accidents is that there are usually just one or two victims. "The chances of getting blamed are much higher," he says. SaveLIFE filed a case with India's top court to introduce legal protection for Indian bystanders and a year ago there was a breakthrough when the Supreme Court issued a number of guidelines, including: Just two months later, though, another hit-and-run incident caught on camera shocked the nation. "See how they're just watching?" murmurs Anita Jindal as she scans the CCTV footage, once again, on her mobile phone in the cramped room-cum-corner shop she once shared with her son, Vinay. A speeding car had hurled 20-year-old Vinay off his scooter in east Delhi, and the footage shows a crowd of onlookers surrounding him, and doing nothing. It went viral on social media last July, triggering a new bout of soul-searching, and was even mentioned by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his monthly radio broadcast to the nation. "If someone had helped he may have been here today," says Anita Jindal. "Everyone told me they were scared of the police." For Piyush Tewari and SaveLIFE the struggle goes on. In March the Supreme Court guidelines were declared compulsory. To ensure that they will be enforced, the foundation is now campaigning to get each of India's 29 federal states and seven union territories to enshrine them in a Good Samaritan law. The scale of the problem Source: SaveLIFE Foundation, 2014 Shrijith Ravindran, the chief executive of a restaurant chain, is one person for whom this legislation cannot be introduced soon enough. In January he came across an elderly man bleeding by the roadside in the western Indian city of Pune. A gathering crowd of people was still deliberating what to do when Ravindran put the man in his car and drove him to hospital. The closest hospital gave him a bunch of papers to fill in before turning him away. The next one swamped him with more paperwork before tending to the patient. In total, he says, he spent three hours filling in these forms. "They ask, 'Are you a relative?' The moment you say 'No', they don't do anything," says Ravindran. "They wait for somebody to give them assurance that they will pay the bill. Valuable time is lost." The elderly man finally received treatment once the paperwork was completed, but it was too late. He died of his injuries. Photos by Preeti Jha. Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.

जब कोई सड़क दुर्घटना होती है, तो राहगीर आमतौर पर घायलों की मदद करने की कोशिश करते हैं, या कम से कम मदद के लिए कॉल करते हैं। भारत में यह अलग है। दुनिया की कुछ सबसे खतरनाक सड़कों वाले देश में, पीड़ितों को अक्सर खुद को बचाने के लिए छोड़ दिया जाता है।


Avenue Beat: How do the F2020 singers avoid becoming a one-hit wonder?

Summary: How do you follow up a song that goes viral in the middle of a pandemic?

By Mark SavageBBC music reporter That was the dilemma facing US pop band Avenue Beat, who landed an unexpected hit last year when a half-finished, throwaway song exploded on TikTok. Called F2020 (you don't need to guess what the F stands for), the laid-back pop anthem summed up perfectly the crushing mixture of anxiety, misery, loneliness and boredom that accompanied the last 12 months. More than 50 million streams later, it was named song of the year by the New York Times, giving the band both a huge opportunity and a massive headache. "Our team was putting a lot of pressure on us to figure out the follow-up," says singer-songwriter Sami Bearden. "And we were like, 'We don't even know what to write about! There's not exactly a lot going on right now.'" "It was always in the back of our minds: if you don't write anything that works ever again, you're a legit one hit wonder," adds the band's lead singer, Savana Santos. After months of scratching their heads, the band hit on an ingenious solution: Write their way out of writer's block by writing about writer's block. "I've been sittin' here trying to write a pop song / Trying to follow up that viral hit that popped off," sings Savana on their new single, Woman. "I'm just trying to recreate what I did the first time / Is any topic even worthy of a first line?" "It honestly came out in, like, 20 minutes," she laughs. "We got so excited about the fact we were talking about something meta. And then it just wrote itself." The rest of the song is a smitten tribute to Savana's girlfriend, evolving into a celebration of femininity and female solidarity. Its shameless positivity is the yin to F2020's yang. "Why be more negative?" asks Savana. "Why not lean into something a lot more sexy, beautiful and awesome?" Talking to the band is a lot like listening to their lyrics. They're gossipy and funny but unafraid to tackle the heavy stuff - sexism, anxiety, mental health. Their ease and lack of inhibition comes from being childhood friends, as three self-confessed "theatre nerds" from Quincy, Illinois. "We're literally each other's only friends," laughs Sam Backoff, who completes the trio. "All of our songs come out of that friendship. We just walk into a room, and we're like, 'What's everyone feeling today?' And some days you're feeling like a badass and other days you're feeling overwhelmed by the weight of the world. Then we just literally talk about it until it presents itself into a song." "Which," notes Savana, "makes our job a whole lot easier". As they prepared to unleash Woman on the world, the band jumped on the phone with the BBC to discuss their viral hit, dead cats and the dark side of the music industry. What is the Avenue Beat origin story? Sam: We all grew up in the same small town in Illinois. Savana and I have known each other since we were babies and, when we were 14, we started messing around with some YouTube covers, and Sami actually commented on one of them. She was like, "Hey guys if you ever need a piano player, hit me up!" Later we found out that that was like totally a lie - she can't play piano and she was trying to fake her way into the band. But it worked! What was the song? Sami: Nicki Minaj's Starships. Sam: We did not do it justice. Savana: I remember in the middle of it, recording it, I was like, 'Oh no, there's a rap in here, and we cannot rap!' Is it still on YouTube? Savana: Oh no. No-one's ever gonna see that, ever. What was the first song you wrote together? Sami: Oh God. We called it the Pizza Box Song because we wrote the lyrics out on a pizza box and we we were trying to be quirky and different. It was nonsense. I looked up all the songs you've published since then and there are almost 200 of them - mostly unreleased. Why so many? Savana: Part of it was trying to learn how to write a song, because it takes so much to figure out the mechanics of it. And honestly, it comes from just writing every day, every day, every day. Even when you don't want to. Finishing bad songs is where learning how to write a good song comes from - for us, at least. Some of the titles are incredible - Buy My Mom A House; I Should Really Drink Less; Unapologetic Needy Girlfriend... Savana: Oh my God. You're bringing back memories! Are they all autobiographical, or you do you like to write in character? Savana: I think our theatre background influences the way we write now because theatre is so much about storytelling. But [the songs] are definitely better when they're based on real life experiences. That's what I've learned. Your first EP has a country vibe - was that the direction you originally wanted to go in? Sam: We learned how to write songs in Nashville and all the people that we were around wrote country music... so for a while [we] sounded more country. Then we kept the storytelling elements and then made it more pop-sounding because that also inspires us a lot. Sami: We're happy to genre hop. We all come from such different musical backgrounds that we can't just pick one. What sort of stage was your career at when you put out that first EP? Sam: We were like gearing up to send a single to country radio and we did a lot of touring with... do you remember the yodel kid Mason Ramsey? You toured with him?! Sami: It was honestly the best summer of my life. Like, I thought it would be weird because what kind of audience, exactly, would Mason Ramsey draw? But it was just like a bunch of like rowdy college kids so it was perfect. And that kid is an absolute doll. He became our little brother and I miss him every day. Then F2020 comes along and changes everything. Tell me about that lyric: "My cat died and a global pandemic took over my life". Sami: It is what it is. My cat Gumbo died and, a few hours later, Savana had written the song. And you put the song on TikTok before it was finished? Savana: Yeah, I threw it together one afternoon and sent it in a group chat to Sam and Sami. Sami: She was like, "This is cool, but I don't know what we can do with it?" And I was like, "You shut your mouth, we are putting this on TikTok right now." And so we got together and did that video - but we never thought our label would let us put it out because, I mean, we were doing country up 'til that point and this song had the F-word like 70,000 times. When did you realise it was taking off? Savana: The next morning! It had like five million views or something. The notifications wouldn't stop coming and I was like, "Oh my God!" What's it like having a breakthrough hit in the middle of a pandemic? Sam: It's good and it's weird. We had a lot of big moments happen - like, we heard it on the radio and a bunch of big celebrities posted about it... Savana: ...Will Smith forever! Sam: So, yeah, we had these fleeting moments where it felt amazing and, right after, I just went back to sitting on my couch and watching Netflix. There was obviously a lot of pressure to follow it up - so when did you write Woman? Sami: We wrote it in quarantine - so I think a few months ago? But I'm not great at guesstimating time right now because it's not real. Sam: But ever since we wrote it we've been like itching to put that one out. It's so exciting. What was the inspiration? Sami: We were all sitting there, trying to work out what to write about when Savana's girlfriend walked in, and we were like, "I guess we could write about that." She was literally our muse. It was hilarious. It literally happened exactly how we said it in the song. I wish I was lying but I am not. What does she think about having a song dedicated to her? Savana: She loves it. I highly recommend to anyone who is dating someone to write a song about their girlfriend because they will love you. Did you get extra good Christmas presents this year, then? Savana: Honestly? Yes. We're in Hawaii together! You posted another new song on Instagram this week, calling the music industry "dark and ugly". What sort of things have you encountered? Sami: Oh man, the general sexism of it all. Being talked over a lot. And I think having yourself on display is a terrifying thing. There are some days when you feel like a little trash goblin and you want to be at home in sweatpants and no make-up. But you still have to like be out there and put your best self forward. Savana: There are so many parts of the music industry that honestly suck. It can feel like they're taking away your creativity from you. Is that why you started producing your own songs? Savana: Exactly. Being fully dependent on yourself feels liberating. I can make a song 100% from start to finish - wherever I am, whenever I want. And I love that. You must be quite self-confident? Savana: No, which is the thing! In high school I literally did not speak. I don't think I talked to anyone. But when I found out I was good at music, it gave me the confidence to step up. Sami: I've seen her in the studio with incredible, incredible songwriters and producers and speaking her mind and not even caring. It's one of my favourite things to see. Savana: But I still honestly don't know how I do that on a daily basis, because I am a shy-ass person! So, final question: Now that 2020 is over, do you still feel the same about it? Savana: I hate it with a burning passion but I also love it with a burning passion because it gave us everything we have now. So, thank you and screw you 2020! Woman is out now. Follow us on Facebook, or on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.

महामारी के बीच में वायरल होने वाले गीत का आप अनुसरण कैसे करते हैं?


Gloucester light aircraft crash: Two taken to hospital

Summary: Two people have been injured when a light aircraft they were travelling in crashed within a few miles of Gloucester city centre.

The man and woman were both taken to hospital from where the plane came down in the Over area at about 16:00 GMT. An ambulance spokeswoman said they had suffered multiple injuries but both were in a stable condition. Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service said both casualties were outside of the plane before their crews arrived. The man was taken by land ambulance to Gloucestershire Royal Hospital but the woman was flown by air ambulance to Frenchay Hospital in Bristol. Less than two weeks ago another light aircraft crash landed in nearby Sandhurst after a possible mechanical fault. The pilot of the Robin DR400 aircraft walked away unharmed.

ग्लूसेस्टर शहर के केंद्र से कुछ मील की दूरी पर एक हल्के विमान के दुर्घटनाग्रस्त होने से दो लोग घायल हो गए हैं।


Letter from Africa: The dilemma of how to appease Mugabe's spirit

Summary: In our series of letters from African writers, journalist-turned-barrister Brian Hungwe writes that many Zimbabweans have been shocked to learn that ex-President Robert Mugabe's widow had been staying with his body at home ahead of his burial at his rural home later on Saturday.

How do you eat, sleep and drink with a corpse in your house for weeks? That question has been puzzling many Zimbabweans since it emerged that the body of former President Robert Mugabe - who died more than three weeks ago (on 6 September) at the age of 95 - is being kept inside his opulent Blue Roof mansion in the capital, Harare, amidst friction between the government and his family over whether he should be buried in a shrine at Heroes Acre or in his home region of Zvimba, north-west Harare. With no official announcement of where his body was, some Zimbabweans thought it was being kept in a mortuary while others went as far as to speculate that Mugabe - as the heir to the chieftainship of Zvimba, his rural home - had already been buried in a cave in accordance with the rituals of his Gushungo clan, following his state funeral in Harare and the mourning and body-viewing in Zvimba. But photos of Mugabe's casket at his mansion emerged on Monday (23 September) when South Africa's firebrand opposition politician Julius Malema came to pay his respects to Grace Mugabe, the former first lady whose ambitions to succeed him as president were thwarted when her husband was forced out of office in 2017 by the military. "Mr Mugabe was sleeping easy... just resting peacefully. He is resting," Mrs Mugabe said, during Mr Malema's visit. This was followed by the viewing of the body, and a sumptuous lunch of pie and vegetables across the room from the corpse. Some Zimbabweans are now drawing comparisons with rituals in Indonesia's Tana Toraja region, where it takes a long time to bury the dead. The corpse is kept in the house. The bereaved wash and clean it. They bring it food twice a day, as well as coffee and even cigarettes. It is a way for the living to deal with grief. People believe the dead can hear them, and if they do not take care of the dead, the spirit - hovering above their heads - will haunt them. Fear of the dead Traditional beliefs among the Shona ethnic group - under which the Gushungo clan falls - also requires many rituals to be performed when death occurs. These rituals reinforce a collective identity, and help families and communities to come to terms with the loss of a loved one. Zimbabwean experts in this field also say that Shona funeral rituals tend to revolve around fear of the dead. The spirit is regarded as being powerful, with human-like emotions. It can also haunt the living, if the corpse is not looked after. Having ruled Zimbabwe since independence in 1980, Mugabe was not just a towering figure - he was a political institution. Next to his mother Some Zimbabweans say the 95-year-old spirit may not yet be ready for his interment and this why his body was kept at his mansion for so long. His family appears to be at ease with this. Some of them have said one of Mugabe's wishes was that his wife should never leave the corpse until he is buried. It is unclear why he would make such a wish. Perhaps the family fears his body could be tampered with for ritual purposes. According to the family, Mugabe had another wish - to be buried at his rural home, close to his late mother, Bona. They further accuse President Emmerson Mnangagwa, Mugabe's long-time ally, of betraying his former comrade and being behind the military takeover. Normally the wishes of the dead are respected, but when alive, Mugabe defied the wishes of some of his liberation war colleagues who asked not to be buried at Harare's Heroes Acre, the shrine for freedom fighters. It seemed as though Mr Mnangagwa was going to do the same - he announced that a special grave would be built for his predecessor at Heroes Acre. More about Robert Mugabe: It was to have been a shrine to symbolise - as Mr Mnangagwa put it - his great works. After behind-the-scenes talks, Mugabe's family agreed to the plan. "The government and the chiefs went to the Heroes Acre, showed each other where President Mugabe is going to be buried, and that place would take about 30 days to complete," said Leo Mugabe, a nephew of the former president who has acted as a spokesman for the family. 'He didn't invent the country' But the construction of the mausoleum at the national shrine provoked intense controversy. History professor Gerry Mazarire told me that to elevate Mugabe above other heroes of the Independence War would create a false narrative - that he invented the country. It also belittles the contribution of others - and suggests that the government is being held to ransom by the ego of a dead man, he said. Many Zimbabweans could not understand the decision - if you defy the wishes of the dead, you anger their spirit, and it is difficult to then appease it. The family must have felt the pressure. It seems that this point has now been taken on board - the government has announced that the former president will be buried in Zvimba in accordance with the "new position" of his family. The question now is whether the man who tried to treat Zimbabwe's presidency as a hereditary post will be buried in a cave, like a traditional chief.

अफ्रीकी लेखकों के पत्रों की हमारी श्रृंखला में, पत्रकार से बैरिस्टर बने ब्रायन हंगवे लिखते हैं कि कई जिम्बाब्वेवासी यह जानकर हैरान हैं कि पूर्व राष्ट्रपति रॉबर्ट मुगाबे की विधवा शनिवार को बाद में उनके ग्रामीण घर में उनके अंतिम संस्कार से पहले घर पर उनके शव के साथ रह रही थी।


Trump and North Korea talks: The political gamble of the 21st Century

Summary: South Korean leader Moon Jae-in is either a diplomatic genius or a communist set on destroying his country and US President Donald Trump is either a master of brinkmanship or a pawn in a more devious game - depending on who you speak to.

By Laura BickerBBC News, Seoul But it is the other actor in this saga, Kim Jong-un, the only one who has yet to make a direct statement, who may just be the most significant player in this most extraordinary of political gambles. From the moment he extended an apparent olive branch to the South in his new year message to the cordial delegations to Pyeongchang for the Winter Olympics, it became clear that Kim Jong-un had mastered the most sophisticated crafts of propaganda. Some will view his personal invitation to Mr Trump to hold talks with him - as well as the commitment to freeze further nuclear tests - as the real diplomatic masterstroke after a year that was unprecedented for the level of naked hostility the US and the North bared toward one another. But the risk here belongs to both Moon Jae-in and Donald Trump. In a situation where neither can claim sole mastery of the narrative, without a clear exit strategy, and when there are so many definitions for both success and failure, a lot is at stake. Whose charm offensive? Mr Moon is viewed by his supporters as the negotiator-in-chief who has now skilfully managed to get Mr Kim to at least talk about getting rid of nuclear weapons. He is the one who spotted the opportunity during the North Korean leader's speech in January - which offered a glimmer of hope that the reclusive state was willing to engage with the South - and grabbed it with both hands. The dizzying level of diplomacy and a frenzy of visits between North and South has now delivered - it seems. "People are calling this the North Korean charm offensive, I actually think this is a South Korean charm offensive. This is something President Moon Jae-in clearly wanted," John Delury from Yonsei University said to me even before the talks were announced. Mr Moon knew his envoys would have to extract the word "denuclearisation" from Mr Kim when they visited Pyongyang. He also knew having two of his top level government ministers looking cosy with the North Korean leader would not go down well in Washington or Tokyo. But it was worth the risk. The US would not have considered talking to the communist state without that meeting. His chosen delegates got what they needed. The South Korean leader is also attempting the role of honest broker, handling Mr Trump and Mr Kim at the same time. He is choosing his words carefully and keeping his cards close to his chest while flattering those who respond to the spotlight. In his New Year's address he said Mr Trump deserved "huge credit" for talks between the two Koreas, knowing it would please him. He is also using language that will reassure a concerned Republican administration. The language of the South Korean statement announcing the talks was also fulsome in its admiration for Trump's handling of the situation leading up to this moment. Sanctions will stay in place, Mr Moon had said earlier, and Mr Trump has now confirmed that. Manipulated by North Korea? But everybody knows it wasn't always like that. Just six months ago Mr Trump was promising to rain down "fire and fury like the world has never seen" on North Korea if it dare threaten the US. Prof Haksoon Paik, lead researcher at the Sejong Institute, said that threat level felt "totally unprecedented". "President Moon was very much concerned about nuclear threat of war. Kim Jong-un was in the same situation. We were hearing from the likes of the US Senator Lindsay Graham that lives will be lost over here. Donald Trump's unorthodox and unstable leadership had both Korean leaders worried about the potential of military options." The US has always maintained that the permanent denuclearisation of North Korea is the endgame. Even with all the surprises up to this point, few believe Mr Kim would agree to that so if they don't achieve that what options does Trump have? So is Moon Jae-in - and indeed Donald Trump - being manipulated by a North Korea which has fooled the world before? "By dangling before the US once again 'denuclearization of the Korean peninsula' and 'moratorium on nuclear and missile tests', Kim seeks to weaken sanctions, pre-empt US military pre-emption, and condition the world into accepting North Korea as a legitimate nuclear state," says Prof Lee Sung-yoon from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. For Mr Trump this could be about one of the boldest and most historic moves a US leader has made in foreign relations. If this gamble works out, Mr Trump could credit himself as the president who sorted out North Korea. His administration has had very few victories, despite promising his voters there would "so much winning." He believes his "maximum pressure" strategy and his work to get China on side and help squeeze Pyongyang economically is working. Reporters say he casually mentioned in the White House briefing room that he hoped they would give him credit for Kim Jong-un's offer. His voters certainly will. But meeting Mr Kim risks treating the communist leader as an equal. It could be a PR disaster. The date set is also only a few months away - a short time frame to achieve diplomatic goals with a leader he mocked as "little rocket man" just a few months ago. Prof Robert E Kelly at Busan University in South Korea tweeted: "Trump doesn't study or even read. He tends to fly wildly off script. And May means there's almost no time for all the staff prep necessary." Pyongyang has been playing this game for decades. Mr Trump is new to it. He may see a big win on the horizon, but his Art of the Deal book will not be the guide he needs to deal with Kim Jong-un. Politics is personal For Mr Moon this is about history and it is also personal. He played a part in previous attempts to negotiate with North Korea as chief of staff to President Roh Moo-hyun when he met Mr Kim's father, Kim Jong-il, in 2007. That was the last time the leaders of the two Koreas held a summit. A satellite launch by Pyongyang ended the talks. By then around $4.5bn of aid had been sent North during the policy of engagement. Critics believe that money helped to accelerate the weapons programme. Having failed once before, Mr Moon is trying to complete the work he started, says Duyeon Kim, a senior fellow at the Korean Peninsula Forum. "He's basically following the same playbook as his two liberal predecessors. It's exactly the kind of thing he would want to pick up and continue." As a son of refugees from the North, Mr Moon is also aware of the effects of conflict on the peninsula. His parents fled North Korea aboard a UN supply ship in 1950 at the start of the Korean War alongside thousands of other refugees. He told reporters during his election campaign: "My father fled from the North, hating communism. I myself hate the communist North Korean system. That doesn't mean I should let the people in the North suffer under an oppressive regime." President Moon has acknowledged there are obstacles ahead. He is managing expectations and so much can go wrong. Duyeon Kim believes there is a high probability that at the end of this negotiating process, all parties will fail, and North Korea will decide it wants to keep its nuclear weapons. And yet... "You just don't know. I don't think it's ever a lost cause, in spite of all the doubts and scepticism all parties should go in with clear eyes, but negotiate hard." President Moon's approval ratings took a hit during the Winter Olympics after he integrated the women's hockey team with players from the North and met a general from Pyongyang who had been accused of masterminding deadly attacks on South Koreans, though they have since rebounded. He may suffer politically if this fails but maybe for him, this is not about scoring political points. This is what he told Time magazine last year when he was presidential candidate: "My mother is the only one [of her family] who fled to the South. [She] is 90 years old. Her younger sister is still in the North alive. My mother's last wish is to see her again." These talks are a huge gamble with a communist state which is hard to read. But if, just if, he helps pull it off it may reduce the threat of nuclear war and he could win himself a Nobel peace prize. If all fails, it is back to brinkmanship.

दक्षिण कोरियाई नेता मून जे-इन या तो एक राजनयिक प्रतिभा हैं या अपने देश को नष्ट करने के लिए एक कम्युनिस्ट सेट हैं और अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प या तो अधिक कुटिलता के मास्टर हैं या अधिक कुटिल खेल में एक प्यादा हैं-यह इस बात पर निर्भर करता है कि आप किससे बात करते हैं।


Inside the Islamic State kidnap machine

Summary: Kidnapping generated $25m for Islamic State last year, according to one US intelligence estimate. It's also a powerful propaganda tool. The business relies on spies, informers, kidnappers, jailers and negotiators who arrange the deals when a captive is released. Syrian journalist Omar Al-Maqdud went to meet some of those who have been involved.

Two years ago the American journalist Steven Sotloff came to visit me at my home in the US and told me he was planning a trip to Syria. I tried to persuade him to change his mind but he wouldn't listen. Three days later, he emailed me from near Aleppo asking for help with contacts. Not long after that, he was kidnapped. "There were three cars. I saw them from the distance - about 500m," said Yusuf Abubaker, Sotloff's fixer, who was travelling with him. "As soon as [the occupants] saw us they left the cars and blocked our path… I wanted to take out my weapon and aim but there were about 10 to 15 people in front of us with weapons. They were holding Kalashnikovs." Sotloff and Abubaker were separated. "I tried to shout for him but they kept telling me to shut up," said Abubaker, who was freed after 15 days because of his links with a powerful brigade in the anti-government Free Syrian Army (FSA). But then a year ago, in September 2014, IS released a video of Sotloff being beheaded. It followed hot on the heels of the murder of another American journalist, James Foley, in similar circumstances. In all, 181 journalists, citizen journalists and bloggers have been killed in Syria since 2011, according to the campaign group Reporters Without Borders. At least 29, including nine foreigners, are still either missing or being held hostage by IS or other armed extremist groups. In the Turkish border town of Antakya, I met a Syrian man, a former IS agent who asked to be called Abu Huraira. He told me he used to track down media workers covering the conflict and would help to arrange for them to be kidnapped. He would pretend to be a Syrian refugee and get fixers to introduce him to journalists. After a few meetings he would suggest a place to film near the border. "There are kids we're going to film and I'm going to introduce you to a few people who might help you in your work," he would promise. He used to give kidnappers details of their plans. "I would have organised everything with them. I only needed to deliver that person… someone else will take care of him and I will have nothing more to do with this. Or he might kidnap me too and then release me after a while." At the beginning of the conflict, Abu Huraira had been a member of the FSA. He then spent some time with a local group affiliated to al-Qaeda before moving on to work for IS. He agreed to meet me only because he had decided to leave IS for good. The turning point came when he was asked to set up one of his friends. "I couldn't lose my friend or face being responsible for it. I told him, 'You must leave this area, you must leave this country, because they have targeted you. They want you and there's no excuses with these people.'" I later contacted the friend in question who confirmed this was true. Abu Huraira showed me pictures of hostages, messages, and recordings of conversations he'd had online with IS leaders in Raqqa province, illustrating how well planned kidnappings are. He said there were plenty of people like him willing to feed information to kidnappers, for ideological reasons or for money. I had also been to Antakya a year earlier and Abu Huraira told me he had been watching me on that visit. He almost sold me out for a couple of thousand dollars - he knew where I had been staying, who I was travelling with and details of a trip my companions and I had planned across the border. He said he had passed all this information to his IS colleagues who made plans to pick us up. Fortunately, we had cancelled the trip at the last minute. IS has an entire department dedicated to carrying out kidnappings called the "Intelligence Apparatus", according to Abu Huraira. It targets foreign journalists the minute they set foot in cities near Syria's border. One US intelligence report estimated that in 2014, IS made $25m from ransom payments. Sometimes though, IS kidnaps people not for money, but to punish them. In January last year, masked men broke into the office of Syrian journalist Milad Al Shihaby in Aleppo, apparently in revenge for his reporting on IS atrocities. "They stole all the electronic equipment in the office - cameras, laptops - and they put me in a car boot and they took me to their base in the children's hospital," he told me. He was held alone in a cell for 13 days in a former hospital in Aleppo. About 200 other Syrians were also imprisoned there. "I was blindfolded for 10 days. I would pray blindfolded, I would eat blindfolded. After those 10 days, for three days I was blindfolded and handcuffed. Even while I was praying, I was handcuffed." He was then moved to a larger room with other prisoners, where his blindfold and handcuffs were removed. Some of his jailers had Iraqi accents, he said, and he could hear them torturing other captives. "They would hang [a man] from his hands and let his legs hang down, and he would be hanging for two to three hours… sometimes they would have so many prisoners that they wouldn't have enough rope so they would hang them using the handcuffs." Al Shihaby said some of his cellmates were executed because they didn't convert to Islam. But when FSA fighters overcame IS positions around the detention centre, the militants fled. Al Shihaby and the other prisoners escaped. He had been held captive for 16 days. Forty-eight hours after he took me back to the deserted prison, we heard that IS had returned to the area. Al Shihaby is not the only person to get away - some foreign journalists have also been released. In June 2013, French journalists Edouard Elias and Didier Francois were kidnapped from a car in Syria. Their driver would only speak to me anonymously, using the name Al'aa. "There was a moment when our eyes met," he told me in January last year, describing the kidnapping. "The way he [Francois] looked at me had a very strong impact on me. I'm still affected by it to this day, as if his eyes were saying: 'Are you just going to leave us?'" Al'aa said the kidnappers told him to "drive off and don't look back". He sought help from the FSA but the man who dealt with him was suspicious. "I said to him, 'If I was working with them, I wouldn't have come directly to you… do something before we lose more time.' They put me in a prison cell." The French journalists were released after 10 months. I later heard that Al'aa was driving Japanese journalists when they were kidnapped in two separate incidents. When I tried to contact Al'aa again to ask him what had happened, his phone was no longer in service. He seems to have disappeared. Austin Tice The first registered kidnappings of foreign journalists in Syria happened in 2012. One of them involved Austin Tice from Texas, who was abducted near the Syrian capital, Damascus, in August 2012, a few days after his 31st birthday. According to a website set up by his family, "Five weeks later, a 43-second video emerged unlike any other to emerge from a hostage case in Syria. It showed Austin being held by a group of unidentified armed men. No message accompanied the video, only the title, 'Austin Tice is Alive'. " It's not known where he is and no group has taken responsibility for his disappearance. So why are some hostages released? France said no ransom was paid for Elias and Francois but there are cases where payments have been made. In my search for the middlemen who carry out negotiations, I was told about a businessman who split his time between Paris and Istanbul, where he owns a bakery. When I finally met him, it turned out to be someone I had known from the start of the revolution, Moutez Shaklab. He said he had acted as a go-between for kidnappers and victims' families, using a network of contacts across Syria to track people down. "You call the kidnappers, you ask them if they have this person. They say, 'Yes.' "You ask them for proof, they say, 'What proof do you want?' I'm told to ask, for example, 'What's the name of his deceased older brother? And the date and location of his death?' So we asked the question, and received the answers, which confirms that the guy is alive." Shaklab said he helped negotiate the release of Belgian writer Pierre Piccinin da Prata and Italian journalist Domenico Quirico. "Their families' representative paid $4m which I witnessed," he said. The money was loaded into a van and taken to a building where the kidnappers counted it and packed it into suitcases. In this case the abductors were former FSA rebels who have since joined Islamist factions. But Shaklab's two attempts to negotiate with IS were less successful. While he was searching for one kidnap victim he met a Saudi member of IS. The encounter lasted about 30 minutes. The man was aggressive and threatening, accusing Shaklab of being a blasphemer. The level of hostility shocked Shaklab and he left, scared. In cases like this, IS kidnaps people not for money, but for propaganda, to demonstrate its power. And what shocked me most, was not just the videos of journalists being murdered, but how ordinary Syrians have been corrupted and sucked into this shady world - how friends have been turned into spies. Omar Al-Maqdud's TV documentary The Islamic State Kidnap Machine was made for BBC Arabic. Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.

एक अमेरिकी खुफिया अनुमान के अनुसार, अपहरण ने पिछले साल इस्लामिक स्टेट के लिए 25 मिलियन डॉलर की कमाई की। यह एक शक्तिशाली प्रचार उपकरण भी है। व्यवसाय जासूसों, मुखबिरों, अपहरणकर्ताओं, जेलरों और वार्ताकारों पर निर्भर करता है जो एक बंदी के रिहा होने पर सौदों की व्यवस्था करते हैं। सीरियाई पत्रकार उमर अल-मकदूद उन लोगों में से कुछ से मिलने गए जो इसमें शामिल थे।


Northwick Park: Teenager dies after stabbing

Summary: A teenager has died after being stabbed near a Tube station in north London.

The Metropolitan Police were called at 15:50 GMT to Northwick Park, Harrow, following reports of an attack. They found an injured youth, believed to be aged 17. He was given first aid but was later pronounced dead at the scene. No arrests have been made. A crime scene is in place and inquiries into the circumstances are ongoing, a police spokesman said.

उत्तरी लंदन में एक ट्यूब स्टेशन के पास चाकू लगने से एक किशोर की मौत हो गई है।


Australian politics: Why is it so tumultuous?

Summary: A quarter of a century ago, amid another political leadership crisis in Australia, the man who would be the next prime minister told a room full of reporters: "Leadership is not about being popular. It's about being right and about being strong."

By Saffron HowdenSydney, Australia Paul Keating went on to unseat long-standing Labor leader Bob Hawke and take the nation's top political post. "It's about doing what you think the nation requires," he said shortly before Christmas in 1990 at Canberra's National Press Club. In echoes of the past, current Prime Minister Tony Abbott has been forced to defend his leadership over the last fortnight. Even senior Liberals like former Victorian Premier Jeff Kennett have warned his reign is now terminal. "In the end government is not a popularity contest, it's a competence contest," Mr Abbott said as he faced plunging opinion polls and a staggering loss for his Liberals in Queensland elections. So, after Mr Abbott was forced to face down a challenge to his leadership in his party room on Monday, what has changed in the intervening 25 years? Everything and very little, say the experts. The advent of the 24-hour news cycle, the rise and rise of social media commentary, and the fragmentation of ideology have all contributed to a political landscape unknown to Australian governments of the past. According to Dr Ian Tregenza from Sydney's Macquarie University, the era of three-hour speeches and lengthy public discourse about policy has passed. "It's rather different now, only in the sense that the media environment is quite different and the sheer pace of politics now and the oppositional dynamic that has developed," he says. "Our attention span as an electorate is much less than it was." While broken promises have always been a feature of politics, there were times when ideological stability was more the norm, such as during the 1950s, 1960s and into the 1970s when the Cold War united voters and politicians. Since then, there has been a "fragmentation of ideology", Dr Tregenza says. "If you look at any politician, they're all over the place ideologically," he says. On social media, "everyone's encouraged to think they have an opinion worth listening to", he says. "We all operate within this new globalised world and both sides are responding to that," he adds. But he says Australia is currently experiencing a "period of volatility". Much has also stayed the same, says Dr Stewart Jackson, a lecturer at the University of Sydney. "It's not as though this is so unusual that there has been leadership speculation," he says. In the 1980s, the Liberal leadership ding-donged between Andrew Peacock, John Hewson and John Howard. John Gorton also succumbed to a challenge in the early 1970s. "It's, in fact, a feature of the Westminster system that we have this," Dr Jackson says. If Australia had a presidential system, such contests would not exist. Dr Jackson says the two-party system has been dented by the increasing influence of minor parties - from the Democrats and Greens through to the Palmer United Party - but it is not dead. If Labor and the Coalition cannot rejuvenate their primary vote, there would simply be more hung parliaments in future, he says. While the current leadership crisis unfolds in the nation's capital and commentators scramble to unpick the political rout in Queensland ahead of a March poll in Australia's most populated state, New South Wales, the fundamentals remain the same. "People are still mostly happy with Australian democracy," Dr Jackson says. "Most people are comfortable with the form of politics that we have."

एक चौथाई सदी पहले, ऑस्ट्रेलिया में एक और राजनीतिक नेतृत्व संकट के बीच, अगले प्रधानमंत्री बनने वाले व्यक्ति ने संवाददाताओं से भरे एक कमरे में कहाः "नेतृत्व लोकप्रिय होने के बारे में नहीं है। यह सही होने और मजबूत होने के बारे में है।"


Is squatting art?

Summary: I've been thinking a lot about ANAL today. That is the Autonomous Nation of Anarchist Libertarians who are currently squatting in a whopping five-story house in Eaton Square, an upmarket part of London near Buckingham Palace.

Will GompertzArts editor@WillGompertzBBCon Twitter According to the Guardian, the "1,329 square metre property has polished parquet floors, tasteful uplighting and a grand spiral staircase" and is owned by a wealthy Russian man (media shorthand: an oligarch) called Andrey Goncharenko. He is not in residence, but apparently has representatives seeking a possession order at a hearing scheduled for tomorrow so he can (presumably) get on with adding the gym etc. for which he has sought planning permission. Meanwhile, Anal argue that London is full of unoccupied buildings such as 102 Eaton Square, and that's daft when there's a palpable need for housing in the city. So, they have put into place their own plans by turning Mr Goncharenko's house into a homeless shelter with a projector for movie nights. I'm not going to get embroiled in the rights or wrongs on either side of this coming together of world views, but I will admit I'm interested in Anal. Its members are doing something I feel I've rather missed out on. I have never lived in a squat, although I have lived in places that thought they were squats, like a flat in Swiss Cottage, which was so rank that when a friend from New York came to stay he actually chose to sleep in his rental car. Nevertheless, I paid to live there, entered through the front door, and stored my belongings, consisting of a record collection that slowly warped in the damp. But it was legit, and therefore not cutting edge 1980s cool. Back then, hipsters didn't live in smart apartments in Hoxton or gentrified high rises in Stoke Newington. They lived in squats. Damien Hirst, Tracey Emin, Jeremy Deller - they all lived in squats. It's what you did if you were an artist, which I wasn't. But maybe Anal are: although to my knowledge they are not proclaiming to be - but that doesn't matter anymore. When the architectural and design collective Assemble were shortlisted for the Turner Prize in 2015, it marked an important moment in the history of art. Not one of the members of the ensemble of 20-something architect-activists considered him or herself to be an artist; without asking or knowing, they were anointed to be such by the art world. No matter that Assemble members were handier with a slide-rule than a paintbrush, they won the Turner Prize anyway. And it was for a project that wasn't wildly dissimilar in conception to Anal's Eaton Square squat. They were working with local residents in the Toxteth area of Liverpool on a direct-action project to regenerate the run-down Granby Four Streets area, with "the intention of bringing empty homes back into use". There's a long history in art of political protest in the form of direct action. Dadaists, Surrealists and Situationists all sought to break down the barriers between art and life through protest, action and undermining the establishment. Property was often their conduit, as it has been more recently for street artists and performance artists such as Petr Pavlensky, who, when he's not nailing his scrotum to Red Square or sewing his lips together, makes his political point via interventions - including setting light to the front door of the FSB building in Moscow. Is there a huge difference between any of them and Anal? I don't think so. Will they be shortlisted for the 2017 Turner Prize in Hull? I doubt it. But it's not impossible. And if they were I assume they'd set up a squat as their entry (Assemble created an Arts & Crafts shop for its exhibit), which would be in the richly refurbished Ferens Art Gallery: An intervention I suspect its eponymous founder, the campaigning Thomas Ferens, would wholeheartedly support. Follow Will on Twitter @WillGompertzBBC, us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.

मैं आज ए. एन. ए. एल. के बारे में बहुत सोच रहा हूँ। यह अराजकतावादी स्वतंत्रतावादियों का स्वायत्त राष्ट्र है जो वर्तमान में बकिंघम पैलेस के पास लंदन के एक महंगे हिस्से ईटन स्क्वायर में एक विशाल पाँच मंजिला घर में बैठे हैं।


David Oakes 'tried to run over Christine Chambers'

Summary: A man accused of murdering his former partner and two-year-old child in Essex had once tried to run the woman over in his car, a court has heard.

Christine Chambers, 38, and toddler Shania were shot dead in Braintree on 6 June 2011. David Oakes, 50, of Steeple, near Maldon, denies their murders. Donna Garrod told Chelmsford Crown Court she had seen him chase Miss Chambers in his car. She said he would get violent if her friend did anything wrong. The jury has heard Mr Oakes, of Canney Road, was found semi-conscious after apparently shooting himself. The prosecution has said he was fuelled by jealousy and he and Miss Chambers had been due to go to court in a custody battle over Shania hours later. The trial continues.

एसेक्स में अपने पूर्व साथी और दो साल के बच्चे की हत्या के आरोपी एक व्यक्ति ने एक बार अपनी कार में महिला को कुचलने की कोशिश की थी।


The Aberdeen family embracing a low-carbon lifestyle

Summary: Ahead of the publication of advice to the Scottish and UK governments on when to aim for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, BBC Scotland's environment correspondent Kevin Keane has been finding out what it's like to live a low-carbon lifestyle.

By Kevin KeaneBBC Scotland's environment correspondent Meet the Martins, living a low-carbon lifestyle in Aberdeen. Mum Rachel and dad Ben head the family, then there's their two children Elizabeth, 9 and Daniel, 12. They live on a plant-based diet meaning they don't contribute to animal emissions. The kids still eat meat occasionally if they're out in a restaurant, but not at home. Dinner is yellow split peas with home-grown Swiss chard, which smells delicious. "Some people think that when you follow a plant-based diet you have to cut foods out, but actually there are 20,000 edible species of plant in the world," Rachel said. "Rather than viewing it as restricting your diet, I look at all the other foods I can include." Agriculture is one of the sectors which contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, so a plant-based diet is easier on the environment than one including meat. The UK and Scottish governments have asked for advice from the Committee on Climate Change on when they could and should become "net-zero." That's the point at which the greenhouse gases we emit and absorb, through things like tree planting, are balanced. One of the other big polluters is transport - but the Martins have ditched the car, although they do occasionally hire one. Rachel gave up her last job, which involved international travel, to instead work from home in IT support. Lecturer Ben takes his bike to work at Aberdeen University. He said: "When we moved here we were in no hurry to get a car and we decided that we'd see how we got on without one. "We've managed quite well with that as a family so we have no regrets. "It's quite liberating, I think, not having to worry about parking or anything like that." What does net-zero mean? The terms carbon neutral and net-zero are often used interchangeably but there are differences. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most abundant greenhouse gas but there are others which the Scottish government counts and they are not all carbon-based. Therefore, some climate change campaigners prefer the term net-zero as it includes not just CO2 and methane but also nitrous oxide, which is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities as well as from fossil fuels. Simply being carbon neutral would not stop global warming because these other gases are also harmful to the atmosphere. Perhaps an even better term would be "climate neutral". The Martins grow a lot of vegetables at home or on their allotment. Rachel buys most of her outfits from charity shops and rejects "fast fashion". Elizabeth and Daniel mostly wear new clothes and Ben rarely buys any. They don't live in a commune of like-minded people but rather in a double-upper apartment in the affluent Ferryhill area of the city. 'Not evangelical' Rachel said: "I think people think we're a bit weird, truth be told. I think I'm probably the nutty Australian." "Yeah, with the kids in the cargo bike," adds Ben. They are not evangelical with friends about low-carbon living but would like to see more people adopting similar principles. Rachel said: "I'd love it if everybody could do this but I also know that it's not an option for some people. "We're quite lucky, we live very centrally. We can walk to the centre of town, we can walk to the train station." An online calculator revealed that the Martin family's carbon footprint is approximately 74% lower than the national average. But the switch from low-carbon to net-zero is not an easy one. Societal changes "It's practically impossible at the moment to live a zero-carbon lifestyle," explains Dr Rachel Howell, a lecturer in sustainable development at the University of Edinburgh. "We'd need societal level-changes for that to be possible rather than just individual choices. "It is possible for most individuals and households to reduce their carbon footprint and some people can find that they are living quite a low-carbon lifestyle." Societal changes would mostly come about as a result of policy changes at government level. Perhaps Thursday's advice from the Committee on Climate Change will be the catalyst for that change.

स्कॉटिश और यूके सरकारों को शुद्ध-शून्य ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सर्जन का लक्ष्य कब रखा जाए, इस पर सलाह के प्रकाशन से पहले, बीबीसी स्कॉटलैंड के पर्यावरण संवाददाता केविन कीन यह पता लगा रहे हैं कि कम कार्बन वाली जीवन शैली जीना कैसा होता है।


LGBT+ film Black Hat wins 2019 Iris Prize in Cardiff

Summary: A film about a closeted gay man living in Los Angeles's Hasidic Jewish community has won an LGBT+ film award in Cardiff.

Black Hat, directed by Sarah Smith, was awarded the 2019 Iris Prize for the best international LGBT+ short film award at a ceremony at the Tramshed. She became the fourth woman to win the award and has been given a £30,000 prize to make another film in the UK. The Best British Film was awarded to My Brother is a Mermaid by Alfie Dale. The film depicts a story about a transgender teenager living in a dilapidated seaside community, and also won the Iris Prize youth award and the audience award.

लॉस एंजिल्स के हसिडिक यहूदी समुदाय में रहने वाले एक बंद समलैंगिक व्यक्ति के बारे में एक फिल्म ने कार्डिफ में एलजीबीटी + फिल्म पुरस्कार जीता है।


Vogue on: Madonna's dancers take the limelight

Summary: In 1990, Madonna's Blond Ambition tour was one of the most controversial and talked-about events in entertainment history. The tour, which made more than £40m - a record at the time, also made stars out of her seven male backing dancers, who also featured in the 1991 film In Bed With Madonna. Now those dancers have their own documentary - Strike a Pose, directed by Dutch film-makers Ester Gould and Reijer Zwaan.

By Emma JonesEntertainment reporter The tour featured Madonna's hit singles Like A Prayer, Express Yourself, Like A Virgin and Vogue, and the singer, wearing her now iconic Jean-Paul Gaultier corset, drew complaints from religious groups for her provocative performances on stage, while shocking the society of 25 years ago by openly discussing HIV, Aids and homosexuality. The film reunites six of the seven dancers - Carlton Wilborn, Salim Gauwloos, Oliver Crumes III, Luis Camacho, Jose Gutierez and Kevin Stea - while the seventh, Gabriel Trupin, who died of complications due to Aids in 1995, is represented by his mother, Sue Trupin. Director Zwaan remembers being 11 years old when he saw In Bed With Madonna and said the dancers inspired him "because they were out and proud - it taught me what was possible". "It was 1990, and it was the height of the Aids epidemic, and society was going through a backlash," he says. "I felt there was so much prejudice towards gay people - to be homosexual at the time implied you might have HIV or Aids. "It was not an easy time to be gay. "But there on stage, and then in the film, was Madonna and her dancers, and six of them were gay, and Madonna was discussing those friends she had lost to the disease rather than keeping silent. "I just found it very inspiring and helpful." Zwaan and his co-director, Gould, tracked down the six men, who still worked in the world of dance and entertainment, and, after persuasion, reunited them for the first time in two decades. It was an experience Crumes III recalls as "joyful". "We are like brothers, we have this bond because of those experiences we shared a quarter of a century ago," he says. "This reunion has just brought tears to all of us, and, amazingly, we picked up where we left off." "I don't think we realised how much of ourselves were missing until we saw each other again," Stea adds. "Really, that tour was a formative time for me in that it gave me permission to explore who I was, explore my sexuality. "We were all from such different backgrounds, it just opened my mind to what was possible from the world." However, the dancers were subjected to heavy media scrutiny, which, along with the social standards of the time, meant life on the tour and afterwards wasn't always easy. Zwaan highlights "the contrast between the image of all those guys up there telling people, 'Express Yourself', while at the same time they were all struggling to be open about who they are - it's a very compelling story". In Strike A Pose, some of the men admit to later experiences of alcoholism and drug addiction, while three of the dancers were HIV positive but wanted to keep it secret while on the Blond Ambition tour. Gauwloos says he was often "petrified" on stage, whenever Madonna discussed Aids with the crowd. Wilburn recalls forbidding a doctor treating him to tell the star he was unwell, and says he felt "shame about my condition". "I couldn't even discuss it with my family," he says. "Madonna felt able to discuss it openly, but we felt we couldn't. "There was such a backlash against it. " What made most headlines in 1991, however, was a scene in the documentary In Bed With Madonna, where Gauwloos and Trupin share a kiss. At the time, two men kissing openly made global news headlines. Sue Trupin, Gabriel's mother, says in Strike A Pose that Madonna's decision to include it and expose her son's sexuality "wasn't a statement that he wanted to make". Trupin, along with Stea and Crumes, went on to take legal action against Madonna in 1992 for what they saw as an invasion of their privacy, before settling out of court two years later. However, while Madonna turned down giving an interview for Strike A Pose, she did give permission for archive footage to be used. "It was very clear to us that the story was supposed to be about the dancers," says Gould. "We are just not interested in gossiping about Madonna. "Of course, there was a certain pressure on us to try and include her, particularly from film financiers, but it would have severely changed the film. "While we would have loved a reunion at the end, we are very proud of the film as it is, and it's not her celebrity power making audiences watch it." The remaining six say that, after rediscovering each other, they are now planning on working together again. And Wilburn says he would love to see Madonna again - "just really to show her what happened to us after the tour ended". None of the group has seen the superstar for years, but Stea calls her "a vanguard of freedom" for speaking up in the media when the subject of HIV was taboo. "These days, I am thankful and grateful to her," he says. "I don't think a tour such as the one we did could happen right now. "With the new pop stars, it's become an absolute spectacle, and most artists won't move back into storytelling. "The Blond Ambition tour was more than a set of headlines - there was an art to it, and each song was crafted to blend into the other. "It was one of a kind." "I respect her more now as a person than I did back then," adds Crumes III. "I like her more than ever. "I see the pattern of how she's evolved herself - she is so clever. "Back in our day, I just saw her as another person. "Now, I see her as a pop icon, someone who analysed the culture around her and made some really smart decisions."

1990 में, मैडोना का ब्लोंड एम्बिशन दौरा मनोरंजन के इतिहास में सबसे विवादास्पद और चर्चित घटनाओं में से एक था। यह दौरा, जिसने 40 मिलियन पाउंड से अधिक की कमाई की-उस समय एक रिकॉर्ड, ने उनके सात पुरुष सहायक नर्तकियों में से भी सितारे बनाए, जो 1991 की फिल्म इन बेड विद मैडोना में भी दिखाई दिए। अब उन नर्तकियों की अपनी वृत्तचित्र-स्ट्राइक ए पोज है, जिसका निर्देशन डच फिल्म निर्माता एस्टर गोल्ड और रेजर ज़वान ने किया है।


What's the best way to deal with being booed?

Summary: English athletes at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow have reportedly been briefed on how to cope with possible booing by Scots fans. What's the best way for public figures to react to such behaviour, asks Justin Parkinson.

Magazine MonitorA collection of cultural artefacts Collective booing - or jeering - goes back at least to public festivals held in ancient Greece. Some just laugh it off. When Chancellor George Osborne was booed as he presented medals at the 2012 London Paralympic Games, he smiled. "Booing's all part of the pantomime nature of sport," says David Fletcher, a sports psychologist at Loughborough University. "People are looking for entertainment. I think Osborne realised that." Quiet dignity is another way of surviving. During the 1998-9 season, David Beckham was constantly booed at Manchester United's away games after being sent off in a World Cup match against Argentina, which many said cost England the game. Through a series of sensational performances for his country over the next few years, he became a national hero. "Beckham demonstrated his inner toughness," says Fletcher. "It was admirable. You have to have that sort of focus to train yourself to cope with booing and vilification." Psychologists practise visualisation techniques and advocate measures including meditation and personal calming routines to help them cope with the pressures of abuse by crowds. But sportspeople also have to demonstrate imperviousness. England cricketer Stuart Broad was booed by Australian supporters throughout the recent Ashes series, after he refused to walk when not given out for an obvious catch the previous summer. Rather than wilting, he had a good series. Fletcher describes Broad as having a "type A" behaviour pattern, meaning he is little affected by not being liked and able to focus is on getting the job done. Others have to work hard to block out criticism. Booing - a disapproving sound designed to mimic the "lowing of oxen" - has been used in Britain since at least 1801, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, yet crowds have loved to rile performers for far longer. In Roman times crowd disapproval literally became a matter of life or death, as emperors listened to its verdict when deciding whether defeated gladiators should be killed. Perhaps Commonwealth Games athletes might remember that as they put their own suffering into perspective. Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.

ग्लासगो में राष्ट्रमंडल खेलों में अंग्रेजी खिलाड़ियों को कथित तौर पर बताया गया है कि स्कॉटलैंड के प्रशंसकों द्वारा संभावित हूटिंग से कैसे निपटा जाए। जस्टिन पार्किंसन पूछते हैं कि सार्वजनिक हस्तियों के लिए इस तरह के व्यवहार पर प्रतिक्रिया करने का सबसे अच्छा तरीका क्या है।


Athlete Jessica Ennis-Hill announces second pregnancy

Summary: Former Olympic heptathlon champion Dame Jessica Ennis-Hill has announced she is expecting a second child.

In a post on her Twitter account, the Sheffield star said she was "so happy" at the news. Ennis-Hill, 31, who won a gold medal at the London games in 2012 and a silver in Rio de Janeiro, already has a two-year-old son named Reggie. Following her retirement from athletics last year she was made a dame in the New Year Honours list. More on this and other Sheffield stories She married her long-term partner Andy Hill in a ceremony at Hathersage, Derbyshire in May 2013.

पूर्व ओलंपिक हेप्टाथलॉन चैंपियन डेम जेसिका एनिस-हिल ने घोषणा की है कि वह दूसरे बच्चे की उम्मीद कर रही हैं।


Deer stalking website goes live

Summary: A website giving walkers and climbers locations of where deer stalking takes place has been launched as a pilot project.

The service is in addition to the Hillphones scheme run by Scottish Natural Heritage and Mountaineering Council of Scotland. The new website covers 13 estates across Scotland. Hillphones provides recorded messages on where stalking is happening so walkers can avoid the areas. Author and hillwalker Cameron McNeish has welcomed the website's launch. He said: "As a keen walker myself, I understand the need for responsible access on the hills. "This pilot website will help this to happen and builds on the success of the Hillphones service."

पैदल चलने वालों और पर्वतारोहियों को हिरणों का पीछा करने के स्थान देने वाली एक वेबसाइट को एक पायलट परियोजना के रूप में शुरू किया गया है।


Music legends appear on Stockton Globe Theatre facade

Summary: Names and faces of legendary bands and artists have appeared on the front of a theatre in Stockton.

The temporary facade has been installed on the front of the Globe Theatre while its owners Jomast work on proposals for its renovation. The theatre is to be renovated as part of a multi-million pound regeneration of the high street. Stockton Councillor Mike Smith said the facade "showed support for the Globe and regeneration of the high street". The picture includes the faces of Paul McCartney, Buddy Holly, Roy Orbison and Lulu, among others.

प्रसिद्ध बैंड और कलाकारों के नाम और चेहरे स्टॉकटन में एक थिएटर के सामने दिखाई दिए हैं।


The Oaks colliery explosion: England's worst mining disaster

Summary: In December 1866 a colliery in Barnsley was ripped apart by a series of explosions over two days, killing at least 361 men and boys, in what remains England's worst mining disaster. The events of this largely forgotten tragedy and its devastating effect on the community have been recreated in a new film.

By Sarah PortlockBBC News On the fateful morning of 12 December, more than 300 workers started their shifts at The Oaks colliery in Hoyle Mill. During the afternoon there was a huge explosion. Many volunteer rescuers were still down the pit the next day when another explosion, bigger than the first, took place. Rescue attempts were then halted. The death toll was recorded as 361 - although recent research puts the figure at 383. "When The Oaks exploded there was just nothing to compare it with; it was absolutely huge," historian Brian Elliott said. "The impact was enormous on the communities. Virtually the entire adult male population of several streets in Hoyle Mill was eliminated in an afternoon." Contemporary accounts describe houses shaking for miles around as coal was blasted upwards, turning the sky dark grey, and depositing a deathly residue, described as "black snow". Largest loss of life in colliery disasters The largest number of deaths in a single day in England was at Pretoria Colliery, in Westhoughton, in what is now Greater Manchester, on 21 December 1910, where 344 miners lost their lives. Source: NUM Researchers for commemorations to mark the 150th anniversary of the disaster soon realised they faced a mammoth task. Volunteers, funded with a lottery grant, spent more than 5,000 hours working on the project. "There's no one place to go to to get a list of victims," said Stephen Miller, who was the lead researcher with the Dearne Valley Local Partnership (DVLP). "There are some lists but they are not complete - plus they are just names. We wanted more information: where were these people from, where did they live? "We wanted to connect with them at a human level so we looked at age profiles and looked to see if children were involved." Parkin Jeffcock Parkin Jeffcock was a respected mining engineer. As soon as he got a telegram informing him The Oaks was on fire he got on a train at Sheffield and travelled to Barnsley. He and others descended into the pit to assess the damage and help stabilise the conditions for rescuers. Jeffcock was still down there at 9am the following day when a second, bigger, blast occurred, killing him and 26 other volunteers. His body was not recovered until 5 October 1867. St Saviour's Church in High Green, Sheffield, was built as a memorial to him in 1872. Source: DVLP Death certificates held in the basement of Barnsley Town Hall were trawled through, burial registers at cemeteries and churches scrutinised, and newspaper articles containing missing persons lists pored over. "We eventually came up with a list of more than 500 names. But we knew some would be duplicates, or the result of misspellings, so we researched them all," Mr Miller said. A figure of 383 was eventually reached. Among the dead were boys as young as 10. One of the surprises the research threw up was the geographical spread of the workers. "We had some from as far as Ireland and Northumberland as well as the coalfield areas of Wales, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire," Mr Miller said. "We also had one, James Haycroft, from Shoreditch in east London, which is very strange. "He was 38 and had married a girl from Barnsley. "The Sheffield Daily Telegraph reported his body was found two years after the disaster but we could not find a burial record for him. "His wife identified him by his flannel trousers, belt and boots." The task of making a film recreating the events of 12-13 December 1866 proved challenging as, despite the scale of the tragedy, the historical evidence was scant. Stephen Linstead a filmmaker and professor at the University of York's York Management School, teamed up with Andy Lawrence and Alan "Archie" Andrews to try to recreate the explosion. Mr Andrews, a miner turned digital artist, recreated the scene using virtual reality. "I looked at historical illustrations, although these were limited," he said. "I used sources such as the Illustrated London News but also used my mining background. I knew what many of the buildings would look like. "It was a mix of artistic licence with background information." "I put the explosion where some stairs would have been, where the clean air would mix with returning air, possibly helping to cause the explosion," Mr Andrews added. "We do know The Oaks was a very gassy pit." "We had to use our imagination," director Mr Linstead said. "We looked through the contemporaneous press accounts and picked out phrases that were of use. "The virtual reality reflected that there is no final version of history that you can use to get the truth of it." The reports that were laid down in Parliament after the disaster gave differing reasons for the explosion. The first, the inspection report, put the cause down to the shot firing, Mr Linstead said. The second, from the coroner, mentioned a broken lamp being a possible cause. "The main thing is nothing happened as a result. There was no full inquiry," he said. "Twenty years later things began to change. But there was no change in legislation following The Oaks." William Henry Hart William Henry Hart, originally from Dukinfield in what is now Greater Manchester, was aged 11 and working as pony driver when The Oaks exploded. He was underground at the time having a break, sitting in an archway with his donkey, Tom, in front of him. Tom took the brunt of the blast and Hart survived, although he was badly burned and broke his arm. He was brought out of the mine by volunteer rescuer William Sugden, who was killed in the explosion the following day. Hart was among the first miners to go back down the mine when it reopened two years later. Source: DVLP NUM secretary Chris Kitchen agreed that although nothing changed immediately after the disaster, it was not long before there was a better system for recording incidents. This eventually led to the UK's mining industry becoming one of the safest and most highly regulated in the world. "But it was reactive, rather than proactive," he said. "A slow learning curve." Black Snow is being distributed to schools in and around Yorkshire. Anyone who would like a copy should contact the NUM.

दिसंबर 1866 में बार्नस्ले में एक कोयला खदान को दो दिनों में सिलसिलेवार विस्फोटों से तोड़ दिया गया था, जिसमें कम से कम 361 पुरुष और लड़के मारे गए थे, जो इंग्लैंड की सबसे खराब खनन आपदा बनी हुई है। इस बड़े पैमाने पर भुला दी गई त्रासदी और समुदाय पर इसके विनाशकारी प्रभाव की घटनाओं को एक नई फिल्म में फिर से बनाया गया है।


China's AgBank raises record $22bn

Summary: Agricultural Bank of China raised a record $22.1bn (£14.4bn) in its initial public offering (IPO) in July despite a lukewarm response when the shares first went on sale.

The IPO is the last by China's four biggest state-owned banks. Its total surpasses the $21.9bn set by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China in 2006. The bank managed to raise the figure after exercising an over-allotment option for its Shanghai share sale. Agricultural Bank of China failed to excite investors during the first day of trading because they were worried about whether the bank's management could transform it into a modern, profitable concern. The bank is China's main lender to the rural community. Chinese investors are watching closely to see whether this latest news might help lift the beleaguered stock market in Shanghai. The Shanghai bourse has lost about 25% of its value since the beginning of the year. Concerns about slowing economic growth and problems overseas in key markets such as Europe, are said to be worrying investors. Agricultural Bank of China is the third-largest component on the main China index.

एग्रीकल्चरल बैंक ऑफ चाइना ने जुलाई में अपनी प्रारंभिक सार्वजनिक पेशकश (आई. पी. ओ.) में रिकॉर्ड $22.1bn (£ 14.4bn) जुटाए, जब शेयरों की पहली बार बिक्री शुरू हुई, तब भी कम प्रतिक्रिया मिली।


West Thurrock chemical leak: Exclusion zone set up

Summary: Emergency services are attending a chemical leak after clouds of fumes were reported following a reaction in an industrial cylinder.

Essex Fire and Rescue Service has set up a 100m exclusion zone around the leak in Stoneness Road, West Thurrock in Essex. People living in the area have been advised to keep their doors and windows closed and to stay inside. Roads have been closed and people are being asked to avoid the area.

एक औद्योगिक सिलेंडर में प्रतिक्रिया के बाद धुएँ के बादलों की सूचना मिलने के बाद आपातकालीन सेवाएं एक रासायनिक रिसाव का सामना कर रही हैं।


Brit Awards 2016: The nominations

Summary: The Brit Awards will be handed out to the year's best music acts from the UK and beyond at the O2 Arena in London on 24 February. The nominees are:

British male solo artist British female solo artist British group British breakthrough act Critics' choice Brits global success award To be announced British single British album of the year British producer of the year British artist video of the year International male solo artist International female solo artist International group

ब्रिट पुरस्कार 24 फरवरी को लंदन के ओ2 एरिना में ब्रिटेन और उससे आगे के वर्ष के सर्वश्रेष्ठ संगीत कार्यक्रमों को दिए जाएंगे। नामांकित व्यक्ति हैंः


Brazil's indigenous leaders risk their lives fighting for survival

Summary: Brazil's indigenous tribes are as diverse as they are numerous: from the south-western sate of Mato Grosso do Sul to the impenetrable northern jungles of the Amazon to the eastern Atlantic seaboard.

Wyre DaviesRio de Janeiro correspondent There's one thing, perhaps above all others, these tribes have in common - the relentless, insatiable pressure on their land and resources. Indeed, there is nowhere else on earth as dangerous for "defenders" of land or the environment as Brazil. "Home" for the Ka'apor people is a legally defined area of about 5,000 sq km in the fast diminishing forests of Maranhao in the eastern Amazon. The tribe's numbers have recovered in recent years from a perilously low figure of 800 individuals to about 1,800 but their lives and their lands are under constant threat. Since 2008, six Ka'apor leaders have been killed and many more have been injured for trying to protect their land from illegal loggers and miners. The front line of Brazil's land invasion The most recent murder was that of Eusebio Ka'apor (some tribes people adopt common Brazilian names as well as their traditional titles). Eusebio's knowledge of traditional medicines was invaluable in a community that is still wary about regular contact with "modern" Brazil. He was shot and killed in an ambush by two hooded men on a motorbike. His killers have not been caught. As is the case in the vast majority of murders or threats against indigenous people, the perpetrators are thought to be connected to powerful business or logging interests and, as such, enjoy the protection of corrupt public officials and law enforcement agencies. Brazil tribe tackles illegal loggers The Ka'apor's response to the constant threat and the inability of federal or state agents to protect them has been to rely increasingly on their own wits and resources to defend themselves. Tribal elders have relocated some of their villages, which number only 10 in total, from the jungle interior to the fringes of their territory. From there men go out on regular patrols, through the forest and along the rivers, to monitor illegal logging or mining. On rare occasions they take the law into their own hands, confronting and briefly detaining loggers then destroying their equipment. It's a risky strategy, because the Ka'apor patrols are only lightly armed with the same small calibre rifles and machetes that they use for hunting, but it underlines the tribe's mistrust of politicians who, they say, prioritise economic development above the protection of traditional lands and peoples. 'Our way is the forest way' Ka'apor elders told me that about 15% of their legally demarcated land has either been invaded or degraded (the removal of tonnes of valuable timber or the pollution of land and waterways by mining operations.) Tribal leaders say their survival depends on these lands, which may seem sizable by comparison to the cramped modern living conditions of urban Brazil, because nearly all of their food, water and resources is sourced from the forest itself. I'd watched earlier in the day as a group of hunters returned to the village with the day's catch, a sizeable deer cut into two and carried on their backs in baskets woven from forest plants. Almost every part of the animal would be eaten over the next two or three days. Nothing goes to waste. That night, after a modest meal of deer, river turtle and rice I sat down with village elders as a council of leaders from several Ka'apor communities met to discuss new reports of illegal logging within their territory. "We depend on this land, the forest. It feeds us and provides us with what we need," said Chief Osmar, resplendent in a modest but colourful headdress made from feathers and beads, reflecting his position as headman of the aldeia, or village. Defending the recent Ka'apor policy of active, rather than passive, resistance the chief said, "We don't want to live in the city - it has nothing for us. Our way is the forest way and we can't lose that, so even if our blood is spilled we will fight on." An uphill battle Powerful business interests and allegations of political corruption in Maranhao mean that little action is ever taken against illegal logging or mining operations at a local level. However, the federal environmental protection agency, Ibama, does conduct targeted operations. Several illegal sawmills on indigenous land in Maranhao were destroyed earlier this year and I've witnessed first hand as armed Ibama agents fly risky helicopter patrols into the Amazon to confront rogue logging operations. But it's an uphill battle. Controversial Brazilian laws allow for selective cutting and export of Amazon timber. That's been ruthlessly exploited to such an extent that an estimated 80% of all wood felled and exported is done so illegally. "In reality we're facing a situation of organised crime. There are well resourced and big financial interests driving this," says Ciclene Brito, the regional coordinator for Ibama in Maranhao. "This problem doesn't just go away. Earlier this year we closed down 15 illegal sawmills in indigenous areas in the north of the state, but they're being re-established in many areas already," said Ms Brito. In a major new report, the campaigning organization "Global Witness" says that at least 50 environmental campaigners or defenders were killed in Brazil in 2015 alone. Last year was, says the report, "the worst year on record for killings of land and environmental defenders", not only in Brazil but also across the developing world where economic and environmental interests collide. Fleeing for their lives It's not just indigenous communities who are losing out to unscrupulous outsiders determined to get their hands on the Amazon's valuable resources. A day's drive from the Ka'apor territory, over dirt tracks and country roads, we're still in the state of Maranhão although the environment and climate feels more arid. Here, in the community of Vergel, it is small-scale farmers and peasants who are being threatened, forced from their land and, sometimes, killed. Sitting in the entrance of the mud and bamboo shack she used to call home, Dona Marina cuts a lonely, broken figure. She built this house with her husband, Raimundo Pereira da Silva, and here they raised a family, eking out a meagre but happy living on their smallholding on the edge of the forest. Raimundo was shot dead by two pistoleiros (gunmen) five years ago after repeatedly ignoring threats to leave his land. "He went out, after finishing his chores, to wash in the pond behind the house," a tearful Dona Marina tells me. "All of a sudden I heard a shot, my husband cried out. Then a second shot, then nothing." Marina and her then 10 year-old son, who also witnessed his father's murder, fled to the nearby city soon afterwards, fearing for their own lives. "Our lives are worthless in the city", says Dona Marina. "We didn't have much here but at least it was ours." The community of Vergel, once about 20 families strong, has disintegrated because of the threats and violence. Destroyed houses and the small church are overgrown with scrub and have long since been abandoned. Father Jose, a German priest who has worked with these rural peasant communities for the last 25 years, says they have almost given up the fight after losing so many of their leaders, with the killers rarely being brought to justice. "It's a huge problem here and across Brazil, there's complete impunity," the Father tells me. "There's usually evidence and public information indicating who the killers are and who they were hired by but justice is slow and often is absent," says the priest who has, himself, been threatened for defending the peasants' rights. Fighting on Back in the Ka'apor village, they're certainly not defeated despite fresh threats against their community and open boasting by loggers that they would "soon return for the trees." On our last night in the community, a group of village elders joined hands, danced and sang a song about the animals, the forest and their lives. Earlier a group of indigenous children, the latest Ka'apor generation, had sung the same songs, taught to them by their fathers and mothers. They are a tribe less than 2,000 strong with their own, verbal, unwritten language and customs. They've lost several important leaders in recent years, killed with apparent impunity, but say they have no choice other to fight on. The Ka'apor aren't just fighting for their forest and the land they've lived on for centuries. They're fighting for their survival.

ब्राजील की स्वदेशी जनजातियाँ उतनी ही विविध हैं जितनी कि वे कई हैंः माटो ग्रोसो डो सुल के दक्षिण-पश्चिमी राज्य से लेकर अमेज़ॅन के अभेद्य उत्तरी जंगलों से लेकर पूर्वी अटलांटिक समुद्र तट तक।


Hospitals: A system under pressure

Summary: As every patient knows, hospitals are complicated.

Nick TriggleHealth correspondent Just thinking about the network of different departments, rows and rows of beds, state-of-the-art equipment and armies of staff busily working away is enough to make anyone feel dizzy. So sometimes it helps to think of them in simple terms when trying to understand the pressure they are under in England. This year it has become abundantly clear that there are problems at the front-door (A&E) with more people facing long waits to be seen. Then last month it was reported that the back-door (the discharge process) was getting clogged up too. With that in mind, it is not surprising that other parts of the hospital system are struggling. The annual hospital guide produced by the Dr Foster research group, which is published on Monday, will point to evidence which suggests the NHS is starting to ration access to the most life-enhancing non-emergency operations, such as knee and hip replacements. But this is just the tip of the iceberg. Wherever you look, there are signs of trouble. 'Feeling the pinch' Even when people do get access to these treatments they are now facing longer waits for the care than they were a year ago. According to the latest data, covering the month of September, the average wait for all types of non-emergency treatment is now 9.2 weeks compared to 8.8 in 2012. Patients are also more likely to have their operations cancelled. In the three months leading up to September there were nearly 15,000 operations cancelled at the last minute - up by about 1,800 on the same period the year before. But it is not just non-emergency care that is feeling the pinch. Even cancer departments - where waits cost lives - are showing early signs of strain. They are meant to ensure patients with an urgent referral from their GP start treatment within 62 days. The latest data shows the numbers seen this quickly have fallen slightly in the past year down from 87.3% of patients from July to September 2012 to 86.8% in the same period this year. Despite this, ministers continue to claim the NHS is doing well. And that is understandable. After all, nationally all the major waiting time targets covering cancer, elective operations and A&E are being met. However, the problem is that the national figures mask what is actually happening on the ground. Many individual centres are struggling. The major A&E units (known as type 1) have not hit the four-hour waiting time target since July. One in five hospitals are failing to achieve the target of seeing 85% of cancer patients within 62 days following the urgent GP referral. But could this be just a short-term blip? Probably not, according to Prof John Appleby, who regularly monitors NHS performance for the King's Fund think tank. "Hospitals are under pressure and with the number in deficit growing things could get worse before they get better," he says.

जैसा कि हर मरीज जानता है, अस्पताल जटिल होते हैं।


Flooded Gloucester City Football Club stadium approved

Summary: Plans have been approved that will enable a new football stadium for Gloucester City to be built, nine years after the club's ground was flooded.

The Vanarama National League North side have been without a permanent home since their Meadow Park ground was destroyed in the summer of 2007. The Tigers have ground-shared with Cheltenham Town, Forest Green Rovers and Cirencester Town ever since. It means work on the 4,000 capacity stadium project can finally begin. Outline planning permission was granted for the project in September last year, but the club asked for permission to carry out work in phases, rather than all at once. At a meeting on Tuesday evening Gloucester City Council planners approved variations to conditions of the planning permission, meaning work can now begin before a footpath is widened and bicycle parking is built.

ऐसी योजनाओं को मंजूरी दी गई है जो क्लब के मैदान में बाढ़ आने के नौ साल बाद ग्लूसेस्टर सिटी के लिए एक नया फुटबॉल स्टेडियम बनाने में सक्षम बनाएगी।


Irish constitution body holds first meeting

Summary: The first meeting of the Irish government's Constitutional Convention got under way at Dublin Castle on Saturday afternoon.

The body was established by the government to examine proposed changes to the constitution. The convention is made up of 100 members. They include chairman Tom Arnold, 29 members of the Irish parliament, four members of the Northern Ireland Assembly and 66 citizens.

आयरिश सरकार के संवैधानिक सम्मेलन की पहली बैठक शनिवार दोपहर डबलिन कैसल में शुरू हुई।