Edinburgh's Royal Botanic Garden celebrates 350th anniversary

Summary: It started off on a piece of land about the size of a tennis court, 350 years ago. But now the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh occupies about 70 acres in the city, with other sites in Scotland and abroad, and is a leading research centre for plant science and conservation.

By Joanne MacaulayBBC Scotland news As RBGE celebrates its 350th anniversary, it is holding various events to look back at its origins, and forward to 21st Century challenges. How the garden grew It all started back in 1670, when two Edinburgh doctors - Robert Sibbald and Andrew Balfour - set up a physic garden, to explore the links between plants and medicine, for the benefit of society. Today's Regius Keeper - the overseer of the garden who is appointed by the reigning monarch - Simon Milne says that ethos has endured and expanded. "From the size of a tennis court we now have four gardens in Scotland and are working in 35 countries around the world, and our education programmes go out to 50 countries," he says. "We've come a long way and we owe an awful lot to our founding fathers." The herbarium at the gardens in Edinburgh contains more than three million preserved specimens, gathered from around the world over three and a half centuries. There are thousands of species growing at the Edinburgh site and the other gardens in Dawyck in the Borders, Logan near Stranraer and Benmore in Argyll. The oldest living plant in the collection is thought to be the Sabal Palm, which came to Edinburgh in 1822. Cultivating science The keeper of collections, David Knott, says these are great places to visit, but there is also vital science going on. "We're cultivating a wide range of plants from across the world and some of these are grown in the research glass houses and perhaps survive in their native habitats and nowhere else," he says. "We're also cultivating a number of plants that are extinct in their native habitats." Events had been planned to celebrate the 350th anniversary, but many had to be cancelled because of the coronavirus pandemic. However, a revised programme will go ahead this autumn, including an online global panel discussion covering issues such as plant extinction, conservation and global biodiversity. Flower show Part of the 350th celebrations included the RBGE's first ever trip to the Chelsea Flower Show, which also had to be cancelled. But Susie Huggins, who is the co-ordinating the anniversary events, says they will get another chance to exhibit in London. "The Royal Horticultural Society have invited us back next year. We'll go with the same magnificent display we'd been planning," she says. "We'll focus on our research and conservation work, looking at what we do to save the world's plants, what we do in the world that makes a mark." Visitors are once again allowed to visit the gardens, although in limited numbers at the moment. Lockdown has meant a loss of revenue, but Simon Milne is already planning long into the future. "We're launching the Edinburgh Biomes project which will see the rebuild of a lot of our mission critical facilities," he says. "The palm house needs to be renovated and restored. There will be new sustainable buildings, new educational facilities that will take us through the next 25, 50,100 years so we can remain at the forefront of plant science and conservation. "We'll be building a fantastic new glass house which will make an even better visitor attraction." Visitor memories As part of the celebrations, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh wants to hear from members of the public about their experiences of the garden. "We want to know everyone's memories," says Susie Higgins. "Did you come here as a child, bring your own children, get married here? Is there a favourite spot where you find solace? We want to say it's not just our RBGE, it's your RBGE."

यह 350 साल पहले एक टेनिस कोर्ट के आकार के भूमि के एक टुकड़े पर शुरू हुआ था। लेकिन अब रॉयल बॉटनिक गार्डन एडिनबर्ग शहर में लगभग 70 एकड़ में फैला हुआ है, स्कॉटलैंड और विदेशों में अन्य स्थलों के साथ, और पादप विज्ञान और संरक्षण के लिए एक प्रमुख शोध केंद्र है।


Turbine near Oundle challenged over horse threat

Summary: Plans for a wind turbine development in Northamptonshire are being challenged over claims it could scare horses.

An application for the 60ft (18.3m) high wind turbine at Longbrook Farm, outside Oundle, will be discussed by East Northamptonshire district councillors later. The turbine would stand in the middle of an open meadow at the farm. Wendy Rousell, from the British Horse Society, said: "The blades can cast a moving shadow that could spook horses." The British Horse Society said it is objecting to the plans because it claims the turbine would be too close to the bridleway network used by riders in the area.

नॉर्थम्पटनशायर में एक पवन टरबाइन विकास की योजनाओं को इस दावे पर चुनौती दी जा रही है कि यह घोड़ों को डरा सकता है।


Why China's 'Black Monday' is a global concern

Summary: After what has been called China's "Black Monday", the stock market has continued its plunge, dropping more than 20% from its February peak and taking it into what is technically known as "bear market" territory.

Linda YuehChief business correspondent The market's fall, though dramatic, won't necessarily trigger the central bank to change its mind about holding firm on issuing more cash to the banking system. The market has been fairly volatile during the past decade. The Shanghai Composite index is down 70% from its all-time high in 2007 and down nearly 50% since 2009. But if the markets start affecting economic growth, the calculus could change. Domestic bond sales have dropped by more than 50% from last month, according to Bloomberg. They calculate that issuance has dropped to 175bn yuan in June, which is the lowest in 17 months. Now, some of that increase in debt is what the Chinese government wants to control. Rising debt Of particular concern are the loans issued by "trust" companies. They issue wealth management products which offer savers a higher return than the official deposit rate of 3%. But, these products are sold off-balance sheet and are higher risk. That risk and what is really being sold isn't always clear to the buyer. This is why the shadow banking sector is of such concern. As I mentioned in my last post, debt has risen rapidly alongside total social financing - which is a measure of credit that includes bonds as well as those trust loans. This measure has surged by 50% from a year ago to 9.1 trillion yuan, which is more than double what China plans to spend on roads by 2030. Even though the Chinese market has plummeted, it is a fairly closed market. Only investors with permission to invest, such as those with a QFII (Qualified Financial Institutional Investors) licence, can buy A-shares on the main market. Nevertheless, the wider impact is felt through shaking the confidence of already-jittery markets, eyeing the looming end of the era of cheap cash. Global resonance More than that, for those in the rest of the world, if Chinese constraints on lending end up restricting economic growth, then the global economy suffers from the slowing of one of its twin engines. This at a time when the other one - the US - is just about getting back on its feet. Plus, China's slowdown has already dragged commodity prices lower. Copper has hit a three-year low, worsening its decline. Commodity companies listed around the world, and mainly in the UK, will continue to feel the pain. Mining companies comprise about 8% of the main UK stock market, the FTSE 100. Mining stocks have fallen by more than 20% since the start of the year - a steeper fall than the main index, which itself is down more than 10% from its May peak. China's cash squeeze has perhaps already hit British pockets, including the pensions that are affected by the stock market.

जिसे चीन का "काला सोमवार" कहा गया है, उसके बाद शेयर बाजार ने अपनी गिरावट जारी रखी है, जो अपने फरवरी के शिखर से 20 प्रतिशत से अधिक गिर गया है और इसे तकनीकी रूप से "भालू बाजार" क्षेत्र के रूप में जाना जाता है।


Bristol Road stabbing: Woman and girl arrested over Birmingham attack

Summary: A woman and a girl have been arrested after a man was found fatally stabbed on a main route into Birmingham.

The victim, who sustained a wound to the chest, was found "slumped" by the side of the Bristol Road out of the city, police said. He was taken to hospital where he was pronounced dead. A 28-year-old and a 15-year-old arrested at the scene, near the junction with Mill Pool Way, remain in police custody. West Midlands Police has appealed for witnesses to the attack, which happened just before 17:00 BST, to come forward. The force said Bristol Road was closed while investigations took place.

बर्मिंघम में मुख्य मार्ग पर एक व्यक्ति को जानलेवा रूप से चाकू मारे जाने के बाद एक महिला और एक लड़की को गिरफ्तार किया गया है।


The men who drew the Mason-Dixon Line

Summary: It is 250 years since America's Mason-Dixon Line was completed. Hailed as a groundbreaking technical achievement, it came to symbolise the border between the Civil War North and South, separating free Pennsylvania from slave-owning Maryland. But who were the two British men who created it?

By Phil MawsonBBC News "It was the equivalent of the moon landings today," according to Mason-Dixon Line expert David Thaler. Baker's son Charles Mason and lapsed Quaker Jeremiah Dixon were established scientists when commissioned to settle a land dispute in the pre-revolutionary America of 1763. For 80 years the Calvert family of Maryland and the Penns of Pennsylvania had been locked in a bloody dispute over the boundary between the two colonies they had been granted by the English Crown. "The stakes were very high," said Mr Thaler, trustee of the Maryland Historical Society in Baltimore and an expert on the Mason-Dixon project. "There was about 4,000 sq miles of territory that was in dispute and nobody knew who to pay taxes to. Warfare regularly broke out along the border." Outdated maps meant fresh measurements were needed, but colonial surveyors had proved inaccurate. So the families hired Mason and Dixon, who were known in England as master surveyors and astronomers. The Mason-Dixon Line was drawn in two parts. An 83-mile (133.5km) north-south divide between Maryland and Delaware and the more recognised 233-mile (375km) west to east divide between Pennsylvania and Maryland, stretching from just south of Philadelphia to what is now West Virginia. Mr Thaler said: "This was the most outstanding scientific and engineering achievement, not only of its day, but of the American Enlightenment. "It was so advanced for its time. The brains were the best and the technology was the best." Mason and Dixon brought with them some of the most advanced surveying equipment of the day, including tools by renowned instrument maker John Bird, who, like Dixon, hailed from County Durham. "The map they produced is one of the most important historical documents we have here in America. It's almost the equivalent of the Declaration of Independence," added Mr Thaler. "The accuracy is so extraordinary that even today it continues to astound. It represents the first geodetic survey in the New World." Miner's son Dixon from Cockfield, near Bishop Auckland, and Mason, from Oakridge Lynch, near Stroud in Gloucestershire, originally came together in 1761 to map the Transit of Venus - making it easier to calculate the Earth's distance from the Sun. It would take them almost five years - lugging their equipment across hundreds of miles of wilderness - to complete the survey and cement their place in the timeline of the United States. Yet despite their groundbreaking achievement, both ended up in unmarked graves thousands of miles apart and remain virtually unknown in their home country. Dixon's great-great-great-great-great-nephew, John Dixon, still lives in County Durham and is proud of his connection to a "marvellous man" who was of "great significance" in his lifetime. "Jeremiah was a Quaker and from a mining family. He showed a talent early on for maths and then surveying. "He went down to London to be taken on by the Royal Society, just at a time when his social life was getting a bit out of hand. "He was a bit of a lad by all accounts, not your typical Quaker, and never married. "He enjoyed socialising and carousing and was actually expelled from the Quakers for his drinking and keeping loose company." An entry in the Quaker minute book of Raby in County Durham, dated October 1760, reads: "Jery Dixon, son of George and Mary Dixon of Cockfield, disowned for drinking to excess." Mr Dixon added: "Nevertheless, it's marvellous to be connected to such a prominent man." Mason's early life was more sedate by comparison. At the age of 28 he was taken on by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich as an assistant. Noted as a "meticulous observer of nature and geography" he later became a fellow of the Royal Society. "Not too much is known about his younger days, but we know his family was not terribly well off and that they ran a baking business," said Royal Society librarian Keith Moore. "He had a school education, but didn't go to university. However, he did have some local connections and knew James Bradley, who was a very famous astronomer and also from Gloucestershire. "Bradley got him a job at the Royal Observatory, which is really the start of his career as an astronomer and surveyor. "While at the Royal Society, he was asked to undertake Transit of Venus observations and recruited Dixon as his assistant." The pair arrived in Philadelphia to begin work in November 1763. They used Bird's instruments to calculate their path by the stars and had to combat hostile Native Americans, mountains, dense forest, rivers and wild animals. Limestone markers measuring up to 5ft (1.5m) high - quarried and transported from England - were placed at every mile and marked with a P for Pennsylvania and M for Maryland on each side. So-called Crown stones were positioned every five miles and engraved with the Penn family's coat of arms on one side and the Calvert family's on the other. "No-one really knows why the stones were shipped from England," said Todd Babcock, of the Mason and Dixon Line Preservation Partnership. "But we know there were nearly 400 of them." He added: "At the time all Mason and Dixon had in front of them was wilderness. "There were some settlements, but west of the Susquehanna River and approaching the Allegheny Mountains there were very few roads. It was all mature forest so they had to come through and cut a vista about 30ft wide. "That required axe-men to cut down the trees, pack mule drivers to get the trees out of the way as well as cows for milk, chain carriers, instrument bearers and tent bearers. It was like a small army moving through the woods. "They started off with a crew of five, but by the time they got towards the end of the survey the party had grown to about 115. "When they came into this I think they thought it would take a year or two, but it ended up taking five." Yet while their achievement has been rightly hailed, modern technology has shown the line was not as accurate as Mason and Dixon thought. Mr Babcock said: "They thought at the end of the survey that the stones were accurate to within 50ft of where they should be. But what we're finding is that some of them are as much as 900ft off the intended line of latitude. "Using modern GPS equipment we found they progressively went to the south and then started to come back to the north. The reason for that is not because they were inaccurate or because the equipment was faulty. It was actually gravity. "Gravity had an impact on the plumb bob they were using. They had a 6ft telescope and it used a plumb bob on a fine wire to set it to true zero so they could measure directly overhead. But gravity varied from location to location because of the influence of things like mountains. "We have found there was a direct correlation between the local variations in gravity and how far north or south of the line they were. "The distances between the stones is supposed to be a mile, but what we're finding is that they are anything up to 15ft longer than a mile in places. "That said, the idea of trying to stay on a line of latitude for 230 miles through the wilderness with equipment that had never been used before is just incredible." Mason and Dixon Mason and Dixon began their return journey eastward on 20 October 1767 and later submitted a bill for £3,516.9s - estimated as the equivalent of about £500,000 today. But, according to David Thaler, neither died rich men. "It was certainly a substantial amount for a world-class scientific effort," he said. "But it wasn't enough to retire on." Mason and Dixon are unlikely to have seen their names directly associated with their achievement, as the official report on the survey did not mention them. The term "Mason-Dixon Line" would become more widely used when the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 to allow slave-owning Missouri and free Maine to join the union. And of course the line's enduring symbolism was firmly established after the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, representing that demarcation between the North and South - and freedom over enslavement. After the mammoth project was completed, Mason returned to England to work again at the Greenwich Observatory but he ended his days virtually penniless back in America in 1786. "Many years after the Mason-Dixon line was made, Mason returned to Philadelphia, but became sick during the journey," said John Hopkins, who oversees the burial ground at the city's Christ Church. "When he got here he knew pretty much that he was close to death, so he wrote to Benjamin Franklin, who he knew, and asked him to give him a place to be buried so he didn't have to burden his wife and family. "We don't know where he is. If he had a stone it's been lost over time. "We have a plaque that a bunch of surveyors from around the country paid for with text close to what the inscription might have been at that time." Dixon returned to County Durham to ply his trade. "For the last 10 years of his life he did work for Lord Barnard at Raby Castle and surveyed Auckland Castle for the Bishop of Durham," his relative John Dixon said: "He died at the young age of 45 in 1779. There was no death certificate. We know he'd been quite a steady drinker through his life and there were rumours he died from pneumonia. "We presume that after having been put out of the Quakers they reconciled and accepted him back. He is buried in the Quaker burial ground at Staindrop. "We don't know exactly where he is because it was the convention at that time for Quakers not mark their gravestones." Find out about musician Mark Knopfler's fascination with Mason and Dixon on Inside Out on BBC1 at 1930 BST on 4 September.

अमेरिका की मेसन-डिक्सन लाइन को पूरा हुए 250 साल हो चुके हैं। एक अभूतपूर्व तकनीकी उपलब्धि के रूप में प्रशंसित, यह गृह युद्ध उत्तर और दक्षिण के बीच की सीमा का प्रतीक बन गया, जिसने स्वतंत्र पेंसिल्वेनिया को दास-स्वामित्व वाली मैरीलैंड से अलग कर दिया। लेकिन वे दो ब्रिटिश पुरुष कौन थे जिन्होंने इसे बनाया था?


Jersey States members approve innovation fund

Summary: A £5m fund to help businesses and individuals in Jersey with ideas that can create jobs and help the economy has been approved by the States.

Up to £500,000 will be available to help develop and support individual business ideas. A board will be assembled to advise on which projects should be awarded public money from the scheme. Senator Alan Maclean, the Economic Development Minister, said without it the island would risk missing out. There will be no minimum grant, following a move by Treasury Minister Philip Ozouf to ensure smaller business might also benefit.

जर्सी में व्यवसायों और व्यक्तियों को ऐसे विचारों के साथ मदद करने के लिए 5 मिलियन पाउंड का कोष जो नौकरियां पैदा कर सकते हैं और अर्थव्यवस्था में मदद कर सकते हैं, राज्यों द्वारा अनुमोदित किया गया है।


Brit Awards aftershow parties

Summary: You may think that once Earls Court's caretaker has swept all the ticker-tape away, they've packed up Lily Allen's sparkling zeppelin and herded Florence's army of harpists back into the tour bus that might be it for Brit Awards night.

By Greg CochraneNewsbeat music reporter Not the case. Once the curtain goes down a fleet of blank windowed people carriers whisk the great and good of the music world to the hot night spots of London. Newsbeat spent a long night going with them. THE OFFICIAL AFTERSHOW Taking into account the height of Lady Gaga's heels you wouldn't blame some of the girls heading to the official Brits after show as it is literally hosted a short stroll behind the stage. Whilst the celeb-count is low the entertainment is extravagant. A giant inflatable octopus, crazy golf, a dressing-up stall and, of all things, ukulele karaoke. Weirdly, shortly after Robbie Williams has wrapped up the official ceremony, a bunch of pearly kings and queens are stood watching a cabaret act. More of a theme park than a party then, and most people appear to have headed elsewhere. Best spot: Radio 1's Aled shouting down a phone. WAR CHILD Topping last year's party was always going to be War Child's biggest challenge this year. 2009's bash ended with members of U2, The Killers, Coldplay and Take That all on stage together. Tonight's show at London's Shepherd's Bush Empire isn't rivalling that - we get La Roux dueting with Heaven 17 and The Mighty Boosh's Noel Fielding joining Kasabian - but it's still an all-star set up. Tom Meighan arrives will a sore backside after he took a tumble running to pick up Kasabian's award for best British group earlier in the evening. "I feel human for doing that," he laughs afterwards. "It's like Bambi on ice, it's like a Disney film." The gig itself is a celebratory lap for one of Britain's biggest rock bands. Best spot: Gemma Arterton and Sheridan Smith both dancing to Kasabian's Fire. WARNER MUSIC Meanwhile back in central London rumour is there are 800 invites circulating for this 350 capacity venue. The toilets have more mirrors than Alice In Wonderland, a DJ playing 90s rave and the finger food is exceptional. All the talk is of whether Jay-Z is going to show - and he does, surrounded by a ring of security but greets fans in a corner. Others who've turned out? Marina and the Diamonds, sporting a glittering all in one suit, is tucked in a corner eating mini burgers. Foals are here, Friendly Fires' Ed MacFarlane, Mike Bailey (Sid from Skins) and Tom Clarke from the Enemy all making the most of the free bar. Best spot: Jay-Z swaying to his own song Empire State Of Mind. UNIVERSAL The dozens of paparazzi bun-fighting outside tells you everything you need to know about the Universal party. It's an oriental themed bash, the room is decorated with bird cages, lanterns and there's a kitchen set up in the middle of it all, churning out duck pancakes. There's a lot to celebrate too. Florence Welch totters down the carpeted staircase, Lee from Blue, Calum Best, Keith Lemon, Last Shadow Puppet Miles Kane and Geri Halliwell are all milling about in the decadent surroundings. Louis Walsh, with now familiar bow tie, is the unlikely late entrant to the do, no doubt drinking to the success of JLS. Nervous recipient of the critcs' choice award earlier in the evening, Ellie Goulding summed up the feeling felt by most people by tweeting: "Lady Gaga held my hand and we talked and I think I died." Best spot: Florence and the Machine lovingly clutching her Brit award for best British album.

आप सोच सकते हैं कि एक बार जब अर्ल्स कोर्ट के कार्यवाहक ने सभी टिकर-टेप को दूर कर दिया है, तो उन्होंने लिली एलन की चमकती ज़ेपेलिन को पैक कर लिया है और फ्लोरेंस की वीणा बजाने वालों की सेना को वापस टूर बस में ले गए हैं जो शायद ब्रिट अवार्ड्स की रात के लिए हो सकती है।


Greater Manchester Remembrance Sunday services take place

Summary: Remembrance Sunday memorial services have been held in Greater Manchester.

In Manchester servicemen and women in uniform marched from the town hall in Albert Square to the Cenotaph in St Peter's Square. They were joined by representatives from the Navy, Army, Air Force, Royal British Legion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment and Reserve Forces. The Lord Mayor of Manchester, Elaine Boyes, and faith leaders also took part in the procession. After a two minute silence at 11:00 GMT at the Cenotaph the procession returned to Albert Square for the march of service organisations. Ms Boyes said of the Remembrance Sunday service: "It gives us time to reflect on past and present conflicts and is a chance for us all to express our respect for the men and women that have given their lives in the fight for freedom. "It is an honour to meet with members of the armed services and faith leaders to mark this solemn day with the people of Manchester." Metrolink services to Manchester were replaced by buses while the Remembrance services took place. In Salford a new war memorial has been put up in Prince's Park to commemorate Fusilier Simon Annis from Irlam. Second explosion He died with Fusilier Louis Carter, of Warwickshire, while carrying an injured colleague L/Cpl James Fullarton away from an explosion in Afghanistan in July 2010. All three were killed instantly by a second explosion. Other services which took place including ones in Bolton and Rochdale. The Imperial War Museum North hosted the first major performance of music composed by Clockwork Orange author Anthony Burgess. The piece by Burgess, who was born in Manchester, was thought lost for more than 60 years until it was re-discovered last year. He wrote the piece while serving during the World War II and dedicated it "To The Fallen". Burgess grew up in Manchester's Hurphurey and Moss Side and was educated at Xaverian College and Manchester University.

ग्रेटर मैनचेस्टर में स्मरण रविवार स्मारक सेवाएँ आयोजित की गई हैं।


Work begins on Cockermouth Hospital and Cleator Moor care centre

Summary: A £15m overhaul of health services in west Cumbria is to begin with the building of a new hospital in Cockermouth.

The £11m complex will replace the 100-year-old building on Isel Road, NHS Northwest said. Work also begins on Tuesday on a £4m GP-led health centre in neighbouring Cleator Moor. The healthcare centre is due to open next summer and the hospital in the winter of 2013. Lead GP for Copeland, Dr David Rogers, said: "This combined investment marks a big step-forward for health care in west Cumbria and will help enable us to plan and provide the best services for our patients."

पश्चिमी कुम्ब्रिया में स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं का 15 मिलियन पाउंड का सुधार कॉकरमाउथ में एक नए अस्पताल के निर्माण के साथ शुरू होने वाला है।


Could patients become their own doctors?

Summary: An NHS where patients stay at home and rarely attend GP surgeries or hospital out-patient appointments is likely in a decade's time, according to US health expert Dr Eric Topol , who was asked by ministers to look at how technology would change the role of health staff in England.

Hugh PymHealth editor@BBCHughPymon Twitter Many patients, according to his report, will be managing their own long-term conditions, for example high blood pressure and lung disease, with wearable devices and sensors, which will be much more effective than occasional appointments with a doctor. The buzz phrase is the "democratisation of healthcare". People who might have had to occupy a hospital bed for a few days for observation will be sent home instead. Elderly patients, including those with dementia, will be monitored at home, with cameras and devices to detect falls built into the floor. Fewer doctors A new army of healthcare professionals is set to emerge to help technology-empowered patients. This will include nursing associates, working alongside registered nurses and trained to interpret blood pressure and temperature checks. Likewise, more physician associates will support doctors with the diagnosis and management of patients. Fewer doctors than anticipated will be needed, under this vision of the future, and they will be able to focus on the sickest patients and avoid the risk of burnout caused by an excessive workload. Better diagnosis NHS England has already announced a plan to cut the number of out-patients' appointments and encourage remote monitoring and consultations. The Topol report gives the example of fracture clinics and notes that at Brighton and Sussex University Hospital Trust trained therapists deal with patients over the phone and most are not seen in person, meaning consultants can review them within 72 hours of referral. No serious complications for patients have been reported. Dr Topol says the NHS, as an efficient, proven system delivering healthcare for the whole population, is well placed to take advantage of new medical technology and the UK is already leading the world in genomics (the study of an individual's genes), which allows better diagnosis and more personalised care. Personalised service Welcoming the report, the Health and Social Care Secretary, Matt Hancock, said technology saved lives and opportunities had to be seized - but when it came to sophisticated technology, the NHS was lagging behind Tesco. "They know who you are through loyalty cards, where you shop, through store IDs, what you buy, the items scanned at the checkout," he said. "They shape their offers with a personalised service in order to deliver for you, the customer. "The NHS doesn't have anything like that yet." It still did not have the data to determine which hospitals patients had been to and what medicines they were taking, Mr Hancock added. Financial incentive Sceptics will say this needs money and the NHS in England already has multiple calls on the funding allocated by the government. Danny Mortimer, chief executive of NHS Employers, said: "The deployment of technology will of course require significant resource and investment and we would repeat that this needs to be properly funded by government and not left to already stretched individual NHS trusts to dig even deeper to fund." On the other hand, the NHS has a powerful financial incentive to adopt the Topol vision. More patient care in the home in theory means less need for expensive overnight stays in hospital. Telemedicine means consultants can get through longer lists of patients, using video or phone consultations. The challenge is to ensure the drive for efficiency does not over-ride the need for human interaction between doctor and patient when required.

अमेरिकी स्वास्थ्य विशेषज्ञ डॉ. एरिक टोपोल के अनुसार, एक एन. एच. एस. जहां रोगी घर पर रहते हैं और शायद ही कभी जी. पी. सर्जरी या अस्पताल के बाह्य रोगी नियुक्तियों में भाग लेते हैं, एक दशक के समय में होने की संभावना है, जिन्हें मंत्रियों द्वारा यह देखने के लिए कहा गया था कि प्रौद्योगिकी इंग्लैंड में स्वास्थ्य कर्मचारियों की भूमिका को कैसे बदल देगी।


Bantham village sale raises fears for future

Summary: The sleepy village of Bantham in south Devon is waking up to a new era. After nearly 100 years in the hands of the same family, the picture-postcard seaside settlement is to be sold next year by its owners, Evans Estates.

By Jonathan MorrisBBC News, Plymouth Rosemary Jeffrey, 79, was born in Bantham and still lives there, selling lettuces, sprigs of mint and eggs from a table outside her front door. Apart from the local pub, The Sloop Inn, her honesty box is the only evidence of commercialism in the village. Bantham, as everyone who spoke testified, is that kind of place. But selling this 750-acre piece of real estate - with a reported price tag of about £10m - has created uncertainty among villagers about what the future will hold. At least 20 homes in the village are occupied by people who lease them from Evans Estates, such as Mrs Jeffrey. The estate's properties are easily identifiable because all the window frames are painted green. Tenants of a row of thatched estate homes, called The Cottages, were reluctant to talk but include a number of families with young children. Estate ethos One tenant, who declined to be named, said: "The Evans family haven't gone for exploitation, but it makes you wonder if the next landlord will be so benign." The family made their money in coal mining and bought the Bantham estate in 1922. Since then they have "loved and nurtured Bantham, like their back garden", according to estate manager Ryan Hooper. The estate's ethos had been "bringing life to the village", which explained why many tenants were young families. Tim Hunt and wife Helen were walking their dog on the beach, a honey pot for surfers, walkers and families. And they could probably have spent most of the day walking on the 750 acres of the Evans Estate which takes in the river valley, the golf club on the western side of the River Avon and the river itself. Bantham had been a centre for smuggling and the tin industry down the centuries with ships sheltering in its natural harbour, shielded from the weather by huge dunes. On the beach, surfers were making the most of the beach break at Bantham, the best known surfing spot in south Devon. 'Insecure moment' "It is a really special place, full of artists, surfers, people with businesses, normal people," said Mr Hunt. He said that keeping local people in the village was "really important for the fabric of the whole area". "But it's a really insecure moment," he said. "It could be sold to anyone and it will come down to who has the most money. "We have taken it for granted that it would stay in the Evans' Estates." Apart from the £5 summer entry free, the beach is mainly free from commerce which many surfers are grateful for. 'Difficult decision' Apart from a surf school and a mobile cafe in the summer, there are no cafes, restaurants and bars, unlike many other Devon seafronts. "It's a wild beach," said surfer Josie Cuffe. "And we'd like it to stay that way." James Baker of estate agents Strutt and Parker, which is handling the sale, said that the directors of the estate wanted to sell it one lot. "The directors had a very difficult decision to sell," he said. "Our job is to find the right buyer and the directors prefer someone who is going to keep the estate in the manner of the current owners. That is very important to them. "They have preserved the beauty and tranquillity that everyone enjoys at Bantham and they hope the new buyer will continue in the same vein." Related Internet Links Bantham Beach - Evans Estates

दक्षिण डेवोन में बंथम का नींद में डूबा हुआ गाँव एक नए युग के लिए जाग रहा है। एक ही परिवार के हाथों में लगभग 100 वर्षों के बाद, चित्र-पोस्टकार्ड समुद्र तटीय बस्ती को इसके मालिक, इवांस एस्टेट्स द्वारा अगले साल बेचा जाना है।


Staylittle: Village cut off from web finally gets online

Summary: In an age where you can email from your phone or catch up on TV while waiting for a bus, one village has remained in the "dark ages" with no mobile phone or broadband internet. But Staylittle in Powys finally has a permanent mobile phone mast - which residents say will be life-changing.

By Lucy BallingerBBC News When mother-of-two Becky Williams moved to the remote Welsh village it was a dream come true. She moved to an idyllic small-holding from the Midlands with her husband. But she was not prepared for the complications which came with the move five years ago. That is because Staylittle, near Newtown, had no mobile connectivity or broadband internet. She said: "We live in a stunning, beautiful place but it was in the dark ages. It was a complete nightmare having no mobile signal, and even worse when the landline went down too. "In the midlands we had broadband and mobile coverage everywhere, but here we have never had mobile signal." It may sound trivial, but for Mrs Williams, who has two young children and a husband who works abroad half the year, it was isolating. Staylittle - Penffordd Las in Welsh - is remote, with the nearest market town almost eight miles (12km) away. Some who live in the village had no mobile phone or reliable internet connection, making life complicated for its 140 residents. For three weeks in 2015 the landline connection went down as well when the BT line was damaged, leaving residents totally isolated. When Mrs Williams bought an online designer children's clothing business last year she would drive to a spot a 10 minutes from the village to check her phone messages twice a day, and while at home relied on slow and expensive satellite internet. "I had to drive down to my mother's house in town to work every day," said Mrs Williams. "I have got a one-year-old son and it was a complete pain having to cart him down to my mother's and do all my business through emails. "Our six-year-old daughter, Lilly, likes horse-riding and I used to worry so much about her having an accident and the lines being down, as how would I have contacted somebody?" But last month, a permanent 4G mast was finally installed on a hill overlooking the village - giving mobile coverage across Staylittle. Mrs Williams said: "Now I work from home, which has been amazing. I'm going to be able do online shopping, which I couldn't do before because the satellite connection would go down in the middle of my shop." David Penn, 74, said house sales had fallen through in the village once potential buyers realised there was no broadband connection. "It is one of the utilities people expect now, along with electricity and gas," said Mr Penn. "Every single organisation under the sun assumes you are online now - if I want to find out about a special offer or sign up for something it has to be done on the internet. "Instead all we had was a phone line which we had to share between a number of houses - you could hear your neighbour talking on the line sometimes. On other occasions I would be talking to my 98-year-old mother and then the line would go dead as someone from another house started dialling." Mr Penn is secretary of the Staylittle Community Association, which has been campaigning for the village to have a broadband internet for the last three years. He said there have been previous failed attempts to get the village online, including one by a BBC programme the Big Life Fix. "The landline connection itself is unreliable," said Mr Penn. "We have been very lucky that there hasn't been any real emergencies in that time, but since the mast has been put up two people have had strokes and there has been an broken ankle so there have been some 999 calls." O2, which installed the mast in the village, said it will be erecting 4G masts at a further 395 Welsh villages by the end of the year. But despite Staylittle's access Mr Penn admitted he was yet to get online. "I'm still not quite sure how I get my computer connected to the internet," said Mr Penn. "I know some people have managed it, but it is an 120-mile round trip to the nearest O2 shop from here to get the bits and pieces I need, so I will get around to it at some point. "Those who are connected are are holding on to their BT landlines for the moment as they are worried it is too good to be true."

एक ऐसे युग में जहां आप अपने फोन से ईमेल कर सकते हैं या बस की प्रतीक्षा करते हुए टीवी पर देख सकते हैं, एक गाँव "अंधेरे युग" में रह गया है जिसमें कोई मोबाइल फोन या ब्रॉडबैंड इंटरनेट नहीं है। लेकिन पॉव्स में स्टेइलिटल के पास आखिरकार एक स्थायी मोबाइल फोन मास्ट है-जो निवासियों का कहना है कि जीवन बदलने वाला होगा।


Dorset PCC appoints volunteer 'advocate' in Boscombe

Summary: Dorset's Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC) has appointed an unpaid volunteer as an "advocate" in a suburb affected by crime and anti-social behaviour.

Helene Bowman-Brown, 46, will represent PCC Martyn Underhill at community meetings in Boscombe. Mr Underhill said he had created the role to "act as my eyes and ears and to support my work". Ms Bowman-Brown, a Boscombe resident for 24 years, said she wanted people to "feel safe in their homes" there.

डोरसेट की पुलिस और अपराध आयुक्त (पी. सी. सी.) ने अपराध और असामाजिक व्यवहार से प्रभावित उपनगर में एक अवैतनिक स्वयंसेवक को "अधिवक्ता" के रूप में नियुक्त किया है।


What happened after one man compared Saudi Arabia to Islamic State

Summary: Thousands are tweeting the challenging message "Sue Me Saudi" to compare the human rights situation in Saudi Arabia to that under so-called Islamic State. It's a reference to an unconfirmed newspaper report that said the Saudi Justice Ministry was threatening legal action after someone made the comparison - although it's not clear that the ministry actually made the threat.

By BBC TrendingWhat's popular and why The trend began with a tweet about Ashraf Fayadh, a 35-year-old poet who is on death row in Saudi Arabia. Fayadh was sentenced to death last month for apostasy and has also been charged with various blasphemy-related offences, such as promoting atheism and mocking verses of the Koran in public - allegations he has denied. Leaving Islam is a crime punishable by death by beheading in Saudi Arabia. Fayadh's case prompted one Twitter user - a prominent Saudi writer and advocate of religious reform - to compare Saudi Arabia to the so-called Islamic State, which regularly performs gruesome executions. The Saudi authorities have executed at least 151 people this year, according to Amnesty International, and recent newspaper reports indicated that a mass execution of at least 50 others would happen soon. What happened next is unclear: according to a report citing an unnamed source in Al Riyadh newspaper, the Saudi Justice Ministry is considering suing the author for making the comparison to IS. But it's not clear this threat was actually made: there has been no official statement about the incident and the Saudi embassy in London refused to comment to BBC Trending. Still, the report provoked a backlash online, and in English more than 11,000 people tweeted the hashtag "Sue me Saudi" in protest, challenging the authorities to take legal action against them for making similar comparisons. "Beheading poets because they criticise a regime puts that regime on the same level as Daesh [IS]", one tweet read. Another directly addressed the Saudi authorities: "Your regime is barbaric. Beheading is never justified. The idea of your chairing the UN Human Rights Council is a sick joke." The last comment is a reference to the appointment of a Saudi ambassador as chair of a panel of experts on the council. Follow BBC Trending on Facebook Join the conversation on this and other stories here. Others questioned the Saudi judiciary. "I doubt fairness and justice of Kingdom's judicial system and doubt whether it can or will guarantee rights and ensure human dignity", one tweet reads. Others slammed the country for denying its citizens basic freedoms. Blog by Nooshin Soluch Next story: Celebrating St Andrew's Day - with the Romanian flag Scottish Facebook users responded with a mix of bafflement and outrage when the social network apparently suggested people celebrate St Andrew's Day - with the flag of Romania. But an option featuring the saltire, Scotland's national flag, does now appear to be available READ MORE You can follow BBC Trending on Twitter @BBCtrending, and find us on Facebook. All our stories are at bbc.com/trending.

हजारों लोग सऊदी अरब में मानवाधिकारों की स्थिति की तुलना तथाकथित इस्लामिक स्टेट से करने के लिए चुनौतीपूर्ण संदेश "सू मी सऊदी" ट्वीट कर रहे हैं। यह एक अपुष्ट समाचार पत्र की रिपोर्ट का संदर्भ है जिसमें कहा गया है कि सऊदी न्याय मंत्रालय किसी के तुलना करने के बाद कानूनी कार्रवाई की धमकी दे रहा था-हालांकि यह स्पष्ट नहीं है कि मंत्रालय ने वास्तव में धमकी दी थी।


The great 1980s Dungeons & Dragons panic

Summary: In an era of potent concern over internet pornography, cyber-bullying, and drugs, it is hard to imagine a game being controversial. But 30 years ago Dungeons & Dragons was the subject of a full-on moral panic, writes Peter Ray Allison.

At the beginning of 1982's ET, a group of teenage boys are indulging in a roleplay game, featuring dice and spells, and sounding a lot like Dungeons & Dragons. They indulge in banter as they wait for a pizza delivery to arrive. This innocuous depiction was a far cry from the less-neutral coverage that was to come. Back in 1974, Dungeons and Dragons (D&D) was arguably the first true roleplaying game. Players took on the mantle of adventurers from a multitude of races and occupations. Each game had a Dungeon Master who would act as both a referee and storyteller. By 2004, it was estimated that the game had been played by over 20 million people. Today, any veteran player from the game's early years would speak of its positive attributes. It was based almost entirely in the imagination. It was social. No screens were involved. But in the 1980s the game came under an extraordinary sustained assault from fundamentalist religious groups who feared its power over young minds. In 1979, 16-year-old child prodigy James Dallas Egbert III disappeared from his room at Michigan State University. A private investigator, William Dear, was hired by James's parents to find their son. Despite apparently knowing little about roleplaying games, Dear believed that D&D was the cause of Egbert's disappearance. In truth, Egbert suffered from, among other things, depression and drug addiction, and had gone into hiding - in the utility tunnels under the university - during an episode of self-harm. The well-publicised episode - referred to as the Steam Tunnel Incident - prompted a number of works of fiction, including the novel Mazes and Monsters and 1982 Tom Hanks film of the same name. Egbert later died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in 1980. Despite the evidence regarding his mental health problems, some activists believed Egbert's suicide was caused by D&D. In 1982, high school student Irving Lee Pulling died after shooting himself in the chest. Despite an article in the Washington Post at the time commenting "how [Pulling] had trouble 'fitting in'", mother Patricia Pulling believed her son's suicide was caused by him playing D&D. Again, it was clear that more complex psychological factors were at play. Victoria Rockecharlie, a classmate of Irving Pulling, commented that "he had a lot of problems anyway that weren't associated with the game". At first, Patricia Pulling attempted to sue her son's high school principal, claiming the curse placed upon her son's character during a game run by the principal was real. She also sued TSR Inc, the publishers of D&D. Despite the court dismissing these cases, Pulling continued her campaign by forming Bothered About Dungeons and Dragons (BADD) in 1983. Pulling described D&D as "a fantasy role-playing game which uses demonology, witchcraft, voodoo, murder, rape, blasphemy, suicide, assassination, insanity, sex perversion, homosexuality, prostitution, satanic type rituals, gambling, barbarism, cannibalism, sadism, desecration, demon summoning, necromantics, divination and other teachings". Pulling and BADD launched an intensive media campaign through conservative Christian outlets as well as mainstream media, including an appearance on current affairs show 60 Minutes opposite D&D co-creator Gary Gygax. In 1985, Jon Quigley, of the Lakeview Full Gospel Fellowship, spoke for many opponents when he claimed: "The game is an occult tool that opens up young people to influence or possession by demons." These fears also found their way into the UK. Fantasy author KT Davies recalls "showing a vicar a gaming figure - he likened D&D to demon worship because there were 'gods' in the game". Veteran roleplayer Andy Smith found himself in the unusual position of being both a roleplayer and a Christian. "While working for a Christian organisation I was told to remove my roleplaying books from the shared accommodation as they were offensive to some of the other workers and contained references to demon-worship." Looking back now, it's possible to see the tendrils of a classic moral panic, and some elements of the slightly esoteric world of roleplaying did stir the imaginations of panicked outsiders. "Since fantasy typically features activities like magic and witchcraft, D&D was perceived to be in direct opposition to biblical precepts and established thinking about witchcraft and magic," says Dr David Waldron, lecturer in history and anthropology at Federation University Australia and author of Roleplaying Games and the Christian Right: Community Formation in Response to a Moral Panic. "There was also a view that youth had an inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality." While the wilder claims about the nature of D&D tended to emanate from evangelical groups, they prompted wider suspicion. "The memes from this campaign proliferated and, being published largely uncritically in the initial stages, led to a wide-ranging list of bizarre claims," says Waldron. "For example, that when a character died you were also likely to commit suicide." The claims being made about roleplaying games did not go unchallenged. Author Michael Stackpole was a vocal dissenter, criticising Patricia Pulling and BADD. In 1990, Stackpole published The Pulling Report, in which he documented numerous errors made by BADD and accused Pulling of misrepresenting her credentials as an expert witness on games. Studies by the American Association of Suicidology, the US Centers for Disease Control, and Health and Welfare Canada all found no causal link between D&D and suicide. D&D continues to be debated, in the US at least. In 2010, the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit upheld a ban on D&D by the Waupun Correctional Institution. Captain Muraski, the institution's gang specialist, testified that D&D can "foster an inmate's obsession with escaping from the real life, correctional environment, fostering hostility, violence and escape behaviour". But public perception has changed. If people have any kind of negative view of roleplaying today, it is much more likely to be about the supposed geekish overtones, rather than fears for the sanity of the players. The students who played D&D in the 1980s are now grown up into respectable careers. "The view of roleplaying games has changed over time," says Smith, "mostly because the predicted 'streets awash with the blood of innocents as a horde of demonically-possessed roleplayers laid waste to the country' simply never materialised." Follow @BBCNewsMagazine on Twitter and on Facebook

इंटरनेट पोर्नोग्राफी, साइबर-बदमाशी और ड्रग्स पर शक्तिशाली चिंता के युग में, एक खेल के विवादास्पद होने की कल्पना करना मुश्किल है। लेकिन 30 साल पहले डंगऑन्स एंड ड्रैगन्स पूरी तरह से नैतिक दहशत का विषय था, पीटर रे एलिसन लिखते हैं।


Redoine Faid and other unbelievable prison escapes

Summary: Sunday's elaborate prison escape in northern France sounds like fiction, and for good reason. Redoine Faid - who escaped in a helicopter after an armed diversion - is reportedly a fan of Hollywood crime films.

Faid has said his lifestyle has been modelled on gangsters played by Robert de Niro and Al Pacino. He was serving a 25-year-sentence over his part in a failed robbery in which a police officer was killed in 2010. He found notoriety in France after escaping prison for six weeks in 2013. But Faid is far from the first prisoner to break out in such a dramatic fashion. Here are some other extraordinary tales of escape. Other airborne plans There have been quite a few attempted escapes by helicopter, including several in France. The yard where the helicopter landed on Sunday was the only part of the prison without special anti-aircraft netting, AFP news agency reports. In Greece one convict used a helicopter to escape from a high-security prison not once, but twice - in 2006 and 2009. He remains at large. Drones are also becoming a security risk for prisons around the world - reports say they may have been used in advance of Faid's breakout. In 2017, convicted kidnapper Jimmy Causey was able to escape from a South Carolina prison using wire cutters and cell-phones that had been dropped in. A sticky ruse Twelve inmates escaped from a county jail in Alabama in 2017 after using peanut butter to trick a guard into unlocking a door that led outside. The men confused a new member of staff by smearing the spread over a number on an exit door. The local sheriff admitted the plan had been "very smart thinking", but all of the men soon ended back in custody. Joaquin 'El Chapo' Guzman One of the best-known jail-breakers in history is Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman. The drug lord has given two Mexican maximum-security prisons the slip. In 2001 he was reportedly smuggled out of custody inside a laundry basket - though doubt has been cast on this account. He evaded re-capture for another 13 years. After being sent back to prison, he escaped again through a hole in a shower stall in 2015. A mile-long tunnel system had been built underneath, complete with lighting, ventilation and railing for a modified motorbike To the further embarrassment of Mexican authorities, El Chapo's shower disappearing act was captured on CCTV. After several months on the run - and an infamous interview with Hollywood actor Sean Penn - Guzman was eventually recaptured in Sinaloa state. There were rumours he had escaped again in 2016 - which turned out to be false. He is now in US custody and awaiting trial on drug charges after being extradited. Foiled by high-heels In 2012 drug trafficker Ronaldo Silva, 39, was reportedly able to sneak out of a prison in Brazil by swapping clothes with his wife during a visit. After reportedly shaving and applying lipstick, he was re-captured after being spotted struggling to walk in ill-fitting heels by a nearby bus stop. Photographs emerged of him wearing the outfit, including a wig, after being brought back into jail. 'Korean Houdini' Choi Gap-bok became infamous in South Korea after escaping a detention cell in Daegu province in 2012. A known yoga expert, he got out by oiling himself up and squeezing through a 15cm by 45cm (6x18-inch) window meant for food. Investigators said the 115lb (52kg) and 5ft 6 in (1.7m) man escaped in less than a minute by "moving flexibly like a octopus". The 50-year-old was arrested again after six days on the run. He was then locked up in a cell with a smaller, inescapable, food slot. Escape from Alcatraz Probably the best-known prison escape of all happened near San Francisco in 1962. Billed as the ultimate maximum-security prison in the country of its day, Alcatraz sat on a rock in the middle of a frigid San Francisco Bay, and was fortified with strict rules and guarding techniques. It was billed as so secure that prisoners who had attempted escape elsewhere were sent there as punishment. Despite this, there were over a dozen break-out attempts by inmates during its three-decade tenure as a federal facility. In June 1962 a routine morning cell check revealed that brothers John and Clarence Anglin and another prisoner, Frank Morris, were not in their beds. They had made dummy replicas and escaped through air vents and an unguarded utility corridor, before leaving the island on a DIY raft. What exactly happened next remains a mystery, and has been the subject of deep speculation ever since. The FBI eventually concluded that the men had probably drowned while crossing, but the bureau's website page on the case still requests public information on the three men.

उत्तरी फ्रांस में रविवार को जेल से भागने की विस्तृत घटना काल्पनिक लगती है, और अच्छे कारण के लिए। रेडोइन फैद-जो एक सशस्त्र मोड़ के बाद हेलीकॉप्टर में भाग गया था-कथित तौर पर हॉलीवुड की अपराध फिल्मों का प्रशंसक है।


Teenager charged over Facebook soldier death comments

Summary: A West Yorkshire teenager will appear in court on Friday after allegedly making comments on Facebook about the deaths of six soldiers in Afghanistan.

Azhar Ahmed, 19, of Fir Avenue, Ravensthorpe, faces a racially aggravated public order charge. He was arrested on Friday and charged over the weekend, police said. The soldiers, five from 3 Battalion, The Yorkshire Regiment, and one from the Duke of Lancaster's, were killed by a bomb in Afghanistan on Tuesday. Cpl Jake Hartley, 20, Pte Anthony Frampton, 20, and Pte Christopher Kershaw, 19, were killed in the blast. Pte Daniel Wade, 20, Pte Daniel Wilford, 21, and Sgt Nigel Coupe, 33, also died when their Warrior armoured vehicle was hit on Tuesday. Mr Ahmed has been bailed.

अफगानिस्तान में छह सैनिकों की मौत के बारे में फेसबुक पर कथित रूप से टिप्पणी करने के बाद वेस्ट यॉर्कशायर का एक किशोर शुक्रवार को अदालत में पेश होगा।


Hardik Patel: Face of Gujarat caste protests

Summary: A 22-year-old Indian has become the face of massive caste protests which have shut down Ahmedabad, the main city in Prime Minister Narendra Modi's home state of Gujarat. The BBC's Geeta Pandey meets Hardik Patel.

Two months ago, no-one outside Gujarat had heard his name, but today Hardik Patel is making headlines across India. With his controversial demand that the Patels - or the Patidar caste - be given better access to jobs and education through the quota system, he has acquired millions of supporters in a very short span of time. On Tuesday, at least 300,000 supporters walked miles to get to the sprawling GMDC ground in the centre of the city to hear him talk about the "injustices heaped on Patels". In his hour-long speech, he invoked India's independence heroes Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, took a dig at Mr Modi and berated Gujarat Chief Minister Anandiben Patel. "It's a fight for our rights. If they grant our demand, we will accept it with humility, but if we don't get our right, we will snatch it by force," he said. Braving the scorching heat, the massive crowds cheered him on, clapping and responding to his questions with raised fists. At first glance, there is nothing to distinguish Mr Patel from his teeming supporters. The 22-year-old commerce graduate, dressed in a full-sleeve shirt and trousers, is small built and unassuming. But he is a brilliant speaker, and has won millions with his fiery oratory. And although Mr Patel says he has no interest in entering politics, his supporters are starting to compare him with the prime minister, who is also seen as a self-made leader and is appreciated for his lively speeches. Mr Patel tells me he was born in the town of Viramgam near Ahmedabad. His father runs a small business selling water pumps and he lives at home with his parents and a younger sister. "My sister completed her high school last year and scored very high marks. But she couldn't get a scholarship, whereas students from the castes that are part of the quota system got it with much lower marks." He began his public career in 2011 when he set up a social organisation to fight "harassment of women and poor farmers" and the idea to demand quotas for Patels in jobs and colleges came to him just a few months ago. "I was chatting with a few friends and everyone was talking about how even the meritorious amongst us fail to get into colleges or government jobs." In recent weeks, his supporters have put out a YouTube video where he is seen posing with a rifle on his shoulder and among his influences, he counts fellow Gujaratis Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Patel. He says he is particularly inspired by Patel and his war cry is "Jai Sardaar" (hail Sardar) and many at his rallies appear wearing Sardar Patel's masks. When he addressed his first rally on 6 July, it was attended by 12,000 people. His second drew about 50,000. And then last week, reports said 450,000 people had turned up to hear him in Surat. On Tuesday, Mr Patel claimed nearly a million people were present at his Ahmedabad rally, although police said they had counted about 300,000 supporters with help from security drones. His sudden rise to prominence has taken the authorities by surprise - the Gujarat chief minister, herself a Patel, has ruled out their demand for quotas, but she has named a group of ministers to talk to Hardik Patel. The talks so far have failed to yield any results. Patels, who comprise about 20% of the state's population, control India's thriving diamond cutting and polishing industry and are among the most prosperous businessmen and farmers in Gujarat. As a community they are politically powerful. They are also thriving on foreign shores where they are known for their enterprise and business acumen - there are more than a quarter of a million Patels in the UK and about 200,000 in the US. But Mr Patel says it's a myth that all Patels are rich. "Only five to 10% of Patels are prosperous, that doesn't make the entire community rich. If you visit a village home in the Saurashra region, you'll see people don't have enough to eat. There are so many poor people. And if you look at the farmers who have killed themselves in the past 10 years, the largest numbers are from among the Patels," he says. With resentment against the quota system growing, and with his largely young supporters getting increasingly restless, Mr Patel has issued a veiled threat to the authorities. "India and Gujarat are the land of revolutionaries. We believe in peace and love and follow in the footsteps of Gandhi and Sardar Patel. But we are also inspired by revolutionaries like Chandra Shekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh and if need be, we will not hesitate to take the path of violence," he told me, adding that he is in it for the long haul. "This is not a 100-metre race, it's a marathon. We will call off our agitation only after the demands of Gujarat's 18 million Patels are accepted," he says.

एक 22 वर्षीय भारतीय बड़े पैमाने पर जातिगत विरोध का चेहरा बन गया है जिसने प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी के गृह राज्य गुजरात के मुख्य शहर अहमदाबाद को बंद कर दिया है। बीबीसी की गीता पांडे ने हार्दिक पटेल से मुलाकात की।


What should you do in an attack?

Summary: Attacks of the magnitude of those that took place in Paris, killing 130 people and injuring more than 400, are extremely rare. The authorities do prepare for these emergencies but what advice is there for ordinary people?

By Camila RuzBBC News Magazine Be prepared Many survivors of the Paris attacks have said that they mistook the first gunshots for fireworks. This is typical, says John Leach, survival psychologist and military survival instructor. People who are not expecting gunshots will assume that they are something else because it does not fit in with their expectations. "We respond to the model in our head and we don't respond directly to the environment and that is what makes us vulnerable," he says. The time it can take to understand what is happening can be lethal. But if someone has already thought through a few worst-case scenarios then this process will be quicker. "All you need to ask is - if anything goes wrong, what is my first response going to be?" explains Leach. It's easy to sit in a restaurant or cinema without paying any attention to the emergency exits. But knowing where they are can save lives. In the attack on the Bataclan concert hall on Friday, a security guard led a group of people to safety through the fire exit on the left of the stage. React quickly The vast majority of people will be too confused to do anything during an attack. Leach has looked at life-threatening situations around the world and has found that only 15% of people will respond in a way that helps them survive. Up to 75% will just be too bewildered by what is happening around them to react at all. The other 10% will react in ways that reduce their chances of survival and get in the way of other people, he says. Acting decisively might make survival more likely. But it's also human nature to wait for other people to act first. In a classic experiment, psychologists put people in a room and filled it with smoke to see how they would react. People who were on their own were more likely to take action than those who were with other people. Make yourself a smaller target "Where there's cover from sight, there's cover from fire," advises Ian Reed, a former British soldier, military instructor and chief executive of the Formative Group security firm. The first thing is to try to get out of the way and make yourself a smaller target. This can involve simply dropping to the ground but ideally means getting behind some sort of cover. Hard cover such as a concrete wall is the best option. "Obviously, Hollywood has portrayed cars as being bulletproof but that's not necessarily the case," says Reed. Despite this, even a car is better than nothing at all. When an attack happens in a tightly packed space, a single bullet can end up injuring several people. Keeping out of sight reduces the risk that you can be targeted deliberately and also the chances of being hit by someone simply spraying the room with fire. Many survivors in Paris did this instinctively - turning tables over to use as makeshift shelters or hiding behind speakers in the concert hall. But the lack of cover on the main floor of the Bataclan meant not everyone there was able to hide. An Irish couple survived by playing dead. Another survivor, Theresa Cede, told the BBC: "One guy was badly hurt, and moaning, so we tried to say: 'Shh, be quiet, stay alive and don't move,' because every time there was movement somewhere, there were more gunshots." "They are looking for movement - it will catch their eye," explains Reed. This is especially true if it's dark. Some people in the Bataclan did run for the exit when the attackers paused to reload. This can be risky, but in some scenarios running away is a good idea. The UK government's advice, in its document on "dynamic lockdowns", is to run if there is a safe route out. But if there is no safe way to do this it advises hiding. The advice is summarised as "run, hide, tell". According to eyewitnesses on Friday, several people chose to stay hidden in offices and toilets until help arrived. In January, 24-year-old Lassana Bathily was hailed a hero after hiding Jewish shoppers in a basement cold store during an attack by an Islamist gunman. He switched off the fridge and the lights and ran to get help. All of those he hid survived. Fighting back Rushing a gunman has worked in some situations. In August, a train attack was foiled in France after passengers overpowered the lone gunman. But of the four passengers involved in subduing him, one was in the Air Force and another in the National Guard. The men only made the attempt after the shooter's weapon jammed. Reed says that it's not a good idea to take on an assailant without training. "It's just risking your life," he adds. It's important to remember that many attackers will be working in teams. Some will be wearing body armour and others could be carrying explosives. Adel Termos is thought to have saved dozens of lives in Beirut last week after he tackled a bomber from behind. But the suicide vest exploded and both Termos and the bomber died in the blast. Despite the dangers, some people argue that it's important to be ready to fight if necessary. Members of the Islamic State group are not motivated by taking hostages, says James Alvarez, psychologist and hostage negotiator. "There's nobody to negotiate with. Your value lies in you being dead. If I know that I'm going to be shot, I'd like to think that I'm not going to go down quietly." After the escape Once someone has managed to escape the situation it's important for them to remain vigilant. "Get as far away as possible, behind as much hard cover as possible and go to the nearest authority figures for help," says Reed. It can be dangerous to join big groups nearby and to take public transport. "Always assume that there's going to be a secondary device or action," adds Reed. The key is to take advice from police officers or other officials, as they may have better knowledge of the situation. Help each other The chances of being caught up in a major attack are still low. But if it does happen, co-operating with others can increase people's chance of survival, says Chris Cocking, social psychologist and expert in crowd behaviour. After the 7/7 London attacks, Cocking helped interview dozens of people involved and concluded that the quickest and most efficient way for a group to evacuate is for people to work together. This is the only way to avoid situations such as a crowd getting jammed at a fire escape. Cocking says that most people are likely to try to help each other even in extreme situations. "There's an assumption that it's everybody for themselves but that just doesn't happen," he says. Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.

पेरिस में हुए हमलों में 130 लोगों की मौत हो गई और 400 से अधिक घायल हो गए, जो बहुत दुर्लभ हैं। अधिकारी इन आपात स्थितियों के लिए तैयारी करते हैं लेकिन आम लोगों के लिए क्या सलाह है?


Britain lined up as Europe's fall guy

Summary: These are difficult days for Britain in Europe. Allies are wary. Old friendships under strain. There is increasing impatience with the UK and what are seen as its incessant demands to be treated as a special case.

Gavin HewittEurope editor@BBCGavinHewitton Twitter In the current debate about the next seven-year EU budget the finger of blame is firmly pointed at Britain. The Commissioner for Financial Programming, Janusz Lewandowski, makes the case that more Europe means more money. Almost in the same breath - and unusually for a commissioner - he identifies the UK as the problem. "Either they see their future in the EU in the long term or they don't," he said. Then a Polish minister, Elzbieta Bienkowska, was quoted as saying that "the rest of Europe is ready to conclude the budget by the end of this year and the only country that is saying 'no' is Great Britain". That is, of course, untrue. The French have threatened to use their veto if farm subsidies are threatened. The Danes want a rebate and might also use their veto if they do not get it. The Swedes, particularly angry at the amount ear-marked for agriculture, want deep cuts. Germany, too, objects to the European Commission's proposal for a 5% increase. It is difficult to be precise with the figures as countries use different starting points and different criteria. Broadly speaking, the Commission wants a budget of 1.1 trillion euros (£880bn). The Germans want about 100bn euros less and Britain aims for a figure about 70bn lower than that. In fact, the British and German positions are not that far apart. But here is the difference. The Germans expect to compromise. The British cannot. David Cameron is seen as in a bind. It will be difficult for him to return home with anything less than a budget freeze allowing for inflation. He is most unlikely to get that, and the expectation is of another British veto. On Wednesday, Angela Merkel will visit David Cameron and seek a compromise. It is difficult to see what she can offer. Mood sours What irritates so many other Europeans is that Britain shows no enthusiasm for the European idea. Its approach is entirely about what it gets out of the project. This grates because Europe's officials and its political class are beleaguered. Despite outbursts of optimism, the eurozone crisis has not been fixed. Only this weekend, Chancellor Merkel said the eurozone will take at least another five years to recover. It has to be doubtful whether the people of Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy will wait that long. The German and EU prescription for the crisis is "more Europe" . Britain wants "less Europe". David Cameron wants safeguards for the City of London; many Europeans blame its "casino capitalism" for the crisis. Angela Merkel says more sovereignty will have to be passed to Brussels; the British want to get powers back. Although it is more nuanced, Britain often seems to be travelling in the opposite direction to the rest. At the highest levels in Germany they want Britain to remain at the heart of Europe. (The two countries share an instinct for free trade and an open economy). Elsewhere in Europe, however, the mood has soured towards Britain. In a recent conversation I was surprised to hear someone saying they would "relish" a British exit. The key for the Germans is that Britain does not obstruct. Which brings us back to the budget. Britain is being lined up to be the fall guy for failure.

यूरोप में ब्रिटेन के लिए ये मुश्किल दिन हैं। मित्र राष्ट्र सतर्क हैं। पुरानी दोस्ती तनाव में है। ब्रिटेन के साथ अधीरता बढ़ रही है और जिसे एक विशेष मामले के रूप में माने जाने की उसकी लगातार मांगों के रूप में देखा जा रहा है।


Avengers: Age of Ultron still ruling US box office

Summary: Avengers: Age of Ultron has topped the US and Canada box office for a second weekend, taking $77m (£50m) - more than five times the earnings of its closest rival, action comedy Hot Pursuit.

The poorly-reviewed buddy movie, which stars Reese Witherspoon and Modern Family's Sofia Vergara, made $13.3m (£8.6m) to take second place. The Avengers sequel has now taken $313m (£203m) in just 10 days in the US. It is the joint second fastest film to pass $300m, tying with The Dark Knight. The first film in the Avengers series, which features Hulk, Iron Man, Captain America and Black Widow, reached that mark in just nine days in 2012. 'Tough critics' Warner Bros admitted Hot Pursuit's opening weekend total was "a little lighter" than it had hoped, with the studio having estimated takings of $18m (£11.7m) or higher. "Critics were very tough on Hot Pursuit," said Paul Dergarabedian from box office analysts Rentrak. "It was a formula [that] for whatever reason didn't resonate with the critics, and I think that had an impact on its box office." Mr Dergarabedian added: "Ultron is just so big, it's such a behemoth, it's hard for a newcomer to get attention." That should all change next week though, when Mad Max: Fury Road and Pitch Perfect 2 open. Blake Lively's fantasy drama The Age of Adaline was this weekend's third placed film with takings of $5.6m (£3.6m), while Furious 7 took $5.2m (£3.4m) in fourth place. The action blockbuster, starring Vin Diesel and the late Paul Walker, has earned $1.5bn (£970m) globally to date. Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 completed the top five with takings of just under $5.2m (£3.4m).

एवेंजर्सः एज ऑफ अल्ट्रॉन ने दूसरे सप्ताहांत के लिए यूएस और कनाडा के बॉक्स ऑफिस पर शीर्ष स्थान हासिल किया है, जिसमें $77 मिलियन (£50 मिलियन) की कमाई हुई है-जो इसके निकटतम प्रतिद्वंद्वी, एक्शन कॉमेडी हॉट परसूट की कमाई से पांच गुना अधिक है।


Barnsley assault victim dies prompting murder inquiry

Summary: A man found seriously injured outside a house in Barnsley, following a suspected assault, has died.

The 32-year-old was found on Houghton Road in Thurnscoe on Friday evening. He has not been formally identified and police said the investigation was being treated as a murder inquiry. Two men, aged 36 and 34, and two boys, both aged 15, were arrested on suspicion of assault and have been bailed. Another man, aged 35, remains in police custody. Follow BBC Yorkshire on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to yorkslincs.news@bbc.co.uk.

एक संदिग्ध हमले के बाद बार्नस्ले में एक घर के बाहर गंभीर रूप से घायल पाए गए एक व्यक्ति की मौत हो गई है।


Not so fast - testing 4G

Summary: For 36 hours, I have been trying out 4G in two cities where it has been launched by the EE network. Everywhere I've gone in London and Manchester, outside, indoors, on trains and in cars, I've used a speed testing application. And while I've seen some breathtakingly fast results, there has also been some worrying evidence that the speed and extent of the 4G network is being oversold.

Rory Cellan-JonesTechnology correspondent@BBCRoryCJon Twitter Here is a selection of my results: Monday 29 October, 14:55 GMT, Oxford Street: Download 53.74 Mbps, Upload 4.72 Mbps, Ping 33 ms Picking up the 4G phone that I was borrowing from the EE store on Oxford Street, I gave it my first test - and it was very very fast. A 53Mbps download is better than the vast majority of UK broadband users could achieve at home right now - but obviously at EE's flagship central London store, the company had made sure the network delivered. Oh dear - inside the BBC's new headquarters, things slowed right down. But then again, for some reason most mobile phone networks don't work at all inside the state-of-the-art building so this was better than many colleagues were getting. Deep inside a chaotic Euston Station, more problems. The Speedtest app could not detect any data signal at all. But once we took our seats on the Manchester train, 4G leaped back into life. The upload speeds looked startlingly good as we waited for the train to leave. As we headed out through North London, however, the 4G network seemed to disappear even before we had breached the North Circular Road. Once we had arrived in Manchester, one of the 11 cities that were to go live with EE 4G on Tuesday morning, I was relieved to see that things were working. At the cafe which kindly opened at the crack of dawn so that we could broadcast into BBC Breakfast and numerous radio stations, another pretty good result. That kind of speed might not look too startling - but if there is plenty of capacity it would make 4G a very attractive option to small businesses looking for an alternative to fixed broadband. We headed north out of Manchester to see how far the 4G network stretched. As expected it melted away as we crossed the M60, but EE's 3G network proved surprisingly robust. This result from a village on the road to Rochdale looks excellent - but if you can get this on 3G why would you pay more for 4G? Live from outside the BBC North base at Salford, we were back on 4G at a pretty respectable if unspectacular speed. Note the upload figure though - for anyone trying to send data rather than receive that will look very attractive. Mind you, inside the BBC building the 4G disappeared again. Vodafone has suggested that EE's brand of 4G won't be effective indoors - does that charge stick? As our train headed out of Manchester, the 4G network seemed to stretch as far as Stockport. Taking advantage of some impressive upload speeds, I uploaded a video to YouTube in under a minute. But there was a disappointing end to my 4G testing marathon. Arriving at my home in the remote wastelands of west London, I found that EE's network did not stretch this far. True - this 3G result is a lot better than my usual network gives me at home. But if 4G really is supposed to deliver a superfast future, indoors and outside, to 98% of the UK's population, wouldn't you expect it to work right across the nation's capital? Maybe the change of brand to EE is a tacit admission that the network just cannot deliver Everything Everywhere.

36 घंटों से, मैं दो शहरों में 4G की कोशिश कर रहा हूँ जहाँ इसे EE नेटवर्क द्वारा लॉन्च किया गया है। लंदन और मैनचेस्टर में, बाहर, घर के अंदर, ट्रेनों में और कारों में जहाँ भी मैं गया हूँ, मैंने एक गति परीक्षण अनुप्रयोग का उपयोग किया है। और जब मैंने कुछ आश्चर्यजनक रूप से तेज परिणाम देखे हैं, तो कुछ चिंताजनक सबूत भी मिले हैं कि 4G नेटवर्क की गति और विस्तार अधिक बिक रहा है।


Weymouth's £1.9m harbour wall repairs fund agreed

Summary: A £1.9m funding package to meet the costs of urgent repairs to Weymouth's Harbour walls has been announced.

The work will see sheet steel piles, said to be in a critical condition, being rebuilt at Nothe Parade and at the western end of Custom House Quay. The money will come from reserves, Weymouth and Portland Borough Council revealed. Councillor Ian Bruce said: "They are well beyond their design life, the repairs are urgently needed." Nelsons Wharf jetty will be permanently removed as part of the plan. The authority spent £4.5m repairing its ferry port after the harbour wall collapsed in 2012.

वेमाउथ की बंदरगाह की दीवारों की तत्काल मरम्मत की लागत को पूरा करने के लिए 1.9 करोड़ पाउंड के वित्त पोषण पैकेज की घोषणा की गई है।


Number of birds of prey found dead in Ross-shire rises

Summary: The number of raptors found dead in a part of Ross-shire has risen to 18, according to RSPB Scotland.

Thirteen red kites and five buzzards have been found near Conon Bridge, with tests showing several had been poisoned. All of the carcasses were discovered in a two square mile area to the south east of Conon Bridge around Conon Brae, Balvail, Leanaig and Alcaig. The RSPB has been working with police in investigating the deaths. The Scottish SPCA has also been involved.

आर. एस. पी. बी. स्कॉटलैंड के अनुसार, रॉस-शैर के एक हिस्से में मृत पाए गए रैप्टरों की संख्या बढ़कर 18 हो गई है।


Q&A: Bulgaria's parliamentary elections

Summary: Bulgarians go to the polls on 12 May in an early election after nationwide protests against low living standards and widespread corruption forced the government of the centre-right Gerb party to resign in February.

The election campaign has been marred by revelations of illegal wiretapping of politicians, with prosecutors pointing a finger of blame at Gerb's second most senior politician, former Interior Minister Tsvetan Tsvetanov. Opinion polls have predicted that no party will win an outright majority, prompting fears of a hung parliament and further instability in the EU's poorest country. BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. For more reports from BBC Monitoring, click here. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.

निम्न जीवन स्तर और व्यापक भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ राष्ट्रव्यापी विरोध प्रदर्शनों ने केंद्र-दक्षिणपंथी गेर्ब पार्टी की सरकार को फरवरी में इस्तीफा देने के लिए मजबूर कर दिया, जिसके बाद बुल्गारियाई 12 मई को एक प्रारंभिक चुनाव में चुनाव में जाते हैं।


Prisoner voting ruled out for another year

Summary: Eight years, 11 months and 21 days. That's how much time has passed since the European Court of Human Rights first told the UK that it had to change the law on prisoners voting. But so far no final bill has seen the light of day in Parliament.

Dominic CascianiHome affairs correspondent@BBCDomCon Twitter Now, the saga will go on for yet another year - after a political compromise that, rather usefully to both sides, avoids the row blowing up as the British general election approaches. To recap: the ECtHR ruled back in 2005 that the UK's blanket ban on prisoners voting must be amended to allow at least some inmates to vote. The case, brought by the convicted killer John Hirst, argued that the ban worked against helping resettle offenders. The then Labour government repeatedly ducked and dived to avoid dealing with the issue and ultimately dropped a political time bomb in the lap of the incoming Tory-Lib Dem coalition. But now the coalition has ducked it too - throwing it in the direction of whoever wins next year's election. Earlier this week, the Council of Europe committee that oversees the court's decisions met to discuss what they were going to do with the UK's failure to implement the judgement. The council is made up of all the member states, including the UK, that are party to the European Convention on Human Rights - and it had the rare treat of a mitigation plea of sorts from a justice minister - Lord Faulks. Rather usefully, he is a QC so he knows a thing or two about how to beg for mercy for his client. The peer gave a string of assurances that the UK fully backs the European Convention on Human Rights - and convinced the members to give the UK more time to sort out prisoners votes once and for all. Most importantly, he told them that the UK would fulfil its obligations. The committee then published a carefully-worded resolution which raps London's knuckles for not changing the law while, simultaneously, declaring that Europe will take no action until at least September 2015. So the upshot is that, yet again, nothing is going to happen. Here's why. While the European Court of Human Rights is a legal body - the Council of Europe is political and has to try to keep everyone onside. London was one of the most important architects of the post-war human rights system and Strasbourg simply doesn't want to provoke a crisis with a nation so central to improving the rule of law around the world. The worst-case scenario is the UK, if provoked, would refuse to abide by the judgement - something that no country has ever done. That could then be used by less enlightened member states to ignore far more serious breaches of human rights. The UK could threaten to walk away - as some on the right want it to do - and the system would come crashing down. But, equally, given that the UK officially supports the human rights convention, another year of delay suits the government as it heads towards a general election in which the rise of UKIP means Europe is going to be a major issue. In other words, why have a row now...when it could be best put off for another year.

आठ साल, 11 महीने और 21 दिन। इतना समय बीत चुका है जब यूरोपीय मानवाधिकार न्यायालय ने पहली बार ब्रिटेन को बताया कि उसे कैदियों के मतदान पर कानून में बदलाव करना है। लेकिन अभी तक संसद में कोई भी अंतिम विधेयक प्रकाश में नहीं आया है।


Commenting on Mark Zuckerberg's letter to Facebook investors

Summary: Call it the gospel according to Mark, or the thoughts of Chairman Zuck, it is an extraordinary document.

By Rory Cellan-JonesTechnology correspondent The letter from Mark Zuckerberg which accompanied Facebook's IPO filing is rather different in tone from the mission statements issued by a conventional chief executive. So will it inspire or terrify investors? Let's try a bit of textual analysis:

मार्क के अनुसार इसे सुसमाचार कहें, या अध्यक्ष ज़क के विचार कहें, यह एक असाधारण दस्तावेज है।


Girl, six, dies 'after choking' at house in Gwynedd

Summary: A six-year-old girl has died after it is believed she choked while staying with her family at a holiday home in Gwynedd.

North Wales Police said the girl was treated by paramedics and an off-duty police officer carried out CPR before she was airlifted from Morfa Nefyn to hospital in Bangor. She is not local to the area, but no details were given of her home address. Det Insp Lisa Surridge said the death is not being treated as suspicious. A post-mortem examination is being carried out and the cause of death will be notified to the Coroner for North West Wales, Dewi Pritchard Jones The girl was flown to hospital by an RAF rescue helicopter.

ग्वेनेड में एक अवकाश गृह में अपने परिवार के साथ रहने के दौरान एक छह वर्षीय लड़की की दम घुटने से मौत हो गई है।


Bassingbourn crash: Two killed in three-car A1198 collision

Summary: Two people have died following a three-car collision.

Cambridgeshire Police said Terence Oram, 72, of Nightingale Way, Royston, Hertfordshire, and Peter King, 64, of Lichfield Road, Cambridge, were killed on the A1198 in the county on Tuesday. The collision took place at 11:35 GMT between Whaddon and Bassingbourn. Police are appealing for witnesses to the crash, which involved a beige Nissan Note, black Kia Sportage and white Volkswagen Beetle. Emergency services attended, but Mr Oram, who had been driving the Nissan, and Mr King, who was driving the Kia, died at the scene. The driver of the Volkswagen was uninjured. Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email eastofenglandnews@bbc.co.uk

तीन कारों की टक्कर में दो लोगों की मौत हो गई है।


Josh and Amy from Gogglebox and their guide to Hanukkah

Summary: The Jewish festival of lights begins this year on 24 December.

This date changes from year to year but the duration stays the same. There are eight days of Hanukkah. But if you've been busy Christmas shopping or binge-eating Twiglets, then you might not be familiar with the celebration. Here are Josh and Amy Tapper from Channel 4's Gogglebox to present their guide to Hanukkah. Why does it change? "This year the first time of Hanukkah is Christmas Eve and the last day is New Year's Day," Josh explains. "The actual date it's on each year is the same in the Hebrew calendar but it changes in the [Gregorian] calendar." No matter when it begins, it always lasts for eight days. "The difference between Christmas and Hanukkah is that all eight nights are even, there's no big day like there is for Christmas." What's with the candles? "You have the hanukkiah or the menorah, where you have eight candles. In the middle you have something called the Shamash," says Josh. "You have to use the Shamash to light all of the candles and you increase the candles lit as the days go on." The menorah is used to commemorate a group of Jews called the Maccabees who were the most powerful army in the ancient world. After a three year war with the Syrian Greeks they recaptured a temple and discovered a single cruse of oil with the seal of the high priest still intact. When they lit an eight-branched menorah they had enough oil to last only a day, but it burned for eight days. This became known as the miracle of the oil. Do you give presents? "We're supposed to get presents but because now we're older our parents seem to think they can get away without giving us presents," Josh says. "My girlfriend celebrates Christmas so she's getting me my first ever Christmas present this year." "We never have a Christmas tree, or lights, or Santa," Amy explains. "Our Dad is like the biggest grinch, he's anti-Christmas and says it's so commercialised." Is there anything special to eat? "There are two famous foods that you're supposed to eat at Hanukkah - donuts and latkes, which are really nice with salt beef," Josh tells Newsbeat. "Latkes are basically grated potato and onions that are deep fried," adds Amy. "In my primary school there used to be competitions where you had to eat your donut without licking your lips once. I always won it." What about the holiday armadillo? "That's got nothing to with Hanukkah. It's just classic Ross making up a holiday armadillo," says Josh. "I can even create an association between the holiday armadillo and Hanukkah." Find us on Instagram at BBCNewsbeat and follow us on Snapchat, search for bbc_newsbeat

रोशनी का यहूदी त्योहार इस साल 24 दिसंबर को शुरू होता है।


The best science long reads of 2019

Summary: From the search for new dinosaur skeletons in the "Badlands" of Wyoming, to the push to return humans to the Moon for the first time since 1972, here's a festive selection of the best science and environment long reads published by the BBC this year.

Mission Jurassic: Searching for dinosaur bones By Jonathan Amos This year, a team of scientists began an audacious dinosaur hunt. They have started to excavate a square mile (260 hectares) of land at a secret location in the "Badlands" of Wyoming - and have already discovered a treasure trove of bones. The researchers hope it will give them an unprecedented understanding of the dinosaurs that lived 150m years ago, and could help to solve the mystery of how these Jurassic beasts grew so huge. Read the feature Electric car future may depend on deep sea mining. By David Shukman The future of electric cars may depend on mining critically important metals on the ocean floor. That's the view of the engineer leading a major European investigation into new sources of key elements. Demand is soaring for the metal cobalt - an essential ingredient in batteries and abundant in rocks on the seabed. David Shukman visited a ship off the coast of Malaga in southern Spain, where a prototype mining machine was being lowered to the seabed to test the extraction of precious minerals. Read the feature Chernobyl: The end of a three-decade experiment By Victoria Gill After the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986, an area of more than 4,000 square kilometres had to be abandoned. The accident turned this landscape into a giant, contaminated laboratory, where hundreds of scientists have worked to find out how an environment recovers from nuclear catastrophe. An exclusion zone- covering more than two thousand square kilometres - was established around the plant. Its purpose was to protect the public and reduce the spread of radiation. But, as the BBC's Victoria Gill found out, talks have been underway to re-draw the boundaries of this zone. Read the feature To the Moon and Beyond By Paul Rincon The White House wants to send Americans back to the Moon by 2024. This mission will be the first to land humans on the lunar surface since 1972. But this time, Nasa plans to do things differently. The Orion spacecraft, which will carry astronauts on their lunar journey, superficially resembles hardware used in the Apollo era. But it's packed with technology that was unimaginable in the 1960s. The agency also plans to build a space station in lunar orbit, called Gateway, which could act as an operations control centre. But can Nasa safely mount a return mission in just a few years, given that some critical hardware has neither been built nor flight-tested? Read the feature Twelve years to save the planet? Make that 18 months. By Matt McGrath In July, Matt McGrath wrote about a growing consensus that the subsequent 18 months were critical for the climate crisis. More than five months have now elapsed and, after a compromise at the UN climate conference in Madrid, the urgency is even greater. Among experts on the climate, there's a sense that 2020 is the last chance saloon for protecting our planet from the dangerous effects of climate change. The UN's climate conference in Glasgow next year - COP26 - could be a pivotal moment. But because the summit in Madrid failed to clarify so many key issues, the talks in Glasgow have a mountain to climb. Read the feature How much warmer is your city?By BBC Visual and Data Journalism team The world is getting hotter. July 2019 was one of the warmest months ever recorded - and July temperatures almost everywhere on Earth have been higher in the last 10 years compared with 1880-1900. Find out how the temperature in 1,000 major cities across the world has changed already and how much it could rise by in the coming years. Go to the page Climate change: Your choices have a ripple effect. By Justin Rowlatt Is individual action pointless in the face of climate change? What difference does one person forgoing a lamb chop for a lentil bake make if the other 7,699,999,999 of us humans here on Earth don't do anything? But 16-year-old climate activist Greta Thunberg made headlines this year when she opted to travel to climate change meetings in New York on a racing yacht rather than fly there. Ms Thunberg told the BBC the point was just as much about sending a signal to those in power as it was about individual contributions to tackling the climate crisis. Read the feature The teenagers saving Madagascar's wildlife By Victoria Gill The island nation of Madagascar has a dubious accolade: it is the world leader in deforestation. In 2017 alone, 500,000 hectares were cut down - half a million football pitches of rich, diverse rainforest. It is home to species threatened by the pet trade, which will go extinct in the next few years if things don't change. Now, some of the island's teenagers are mobilising to stop food production from destroying the island's rich rainforest ecosystem. Read the feature Microplastics: Seeking the 'plastic score' of our food. By Helen Briggs Microplastics - defined as plastic chunks that are smaller than 5mm - are found everywhere on Earth. But we know surprisingly little about what risks they pose to living things. There are many unanswered questions about the impact of these tiny bits of plastic, which come from larger plastic debris, cosmetics and clothes. What's not in dispute is just how far microplastics have travelled around the planet in a matter of decades. Scientists are now racing to investigate some of the big unanswered questions. Read the feature The vast sand scheme protecting the Norfolk coast. By Rebecca Morelle A huge "sandscaping" scheme has been carried out in the UK, on the eroding Norfolk coastline. Engineers created a 6km-long dune to protect Bacton Terminal, which supplies one third of the UK's gas. The station is teetering just metres from a cliff edge. But the project is also intended to protect two nearby villages. The Norfolk coastline is losing land every year as part of natural geological erosion. When big storms occur, several metres of coastline can vanish at once. Read the feature

व्योमिंग के "बैडलैंड्स" में नए डायनासोर कंकालों की खोज से लेकर, 1972 के बाद पहली बार चंद्रमा पर मनुष्यों को वापस लाने के लिए, यहाँ इस साल बीबीसी द्वारा प्रकाशित सर्वश्रेष्ठ विज्ञान और पर्यावरण लंबे समय तक पढ़ने का एक उत्सव चयन है।