Historical hazards of the home revealed

Summary: Exploding sweets, radioactive ornaments and poisonous medicine were just some of the potentially deadly dangers lurking in Victorian and Edwardian homes. These health hazards were often found in everyday, apparently innocuous objects.

Some of these items have - safely - gone on display in a Leeds museum. Here's a quick guide to the domestic dangers of yesteryear. Household horrors This glass table centrepiece contains uranium oxide, a radioactive compound that was added to some glassware in the 19th Century to give it a fashionable green tinge and help it stand out in the home. Similarly, the streaky glass jug might look stylish but it too contains uranium oxide. And this fire extinguisher, made in about 1910, might have been intended to make the home safer but early fire extinguishers such as this actually contained toxic chemicals that could be very harmful in confined spaces. The feathered fan above contains a small stuffed bird. It might have been intended to beautify the fan but as Victorian taxidermists used arsenic or mercury as a preservative, this bird was dangerous to touch. And this dapper-looking top hat from 1840 contains mercuric nitrate, which was used to treat felt. The substance could cause heavy metal poisoning, which in turn could lead to aggression - hence the phrase "mad as a hatter". Curator from Leeds Museums Kitty Ross says: "There were also whole ranks of toys that would not meet current regulations; choking hazards and sharp points were commonplace and many were covered in paint that contained lead, or indeed were made of lead." Sweets, treats and smokes These potassium chlorate pastilles were used in the 1880s to soothe sore throats - although as potassium chlorate could spontaneously combust, there was the danger that whoever took them might end up with a considerably sorer throat than before. And this tin of lemonade powder, sold by Home & Colonial Stores, looks like it would mix with water rather nicely in the billy can next to it. Bad idea. Enamel objects such the billy can often contained antimony, which could be dissolved by the acid in lemonade powder to create a toxic drink. And sweets themselves could be deadly, as a mix-up in 1858 demonstrates. A druggist's apprentice in Bradford accidentally supplied arsenic, instead of a sugar alternative, to a sweet-maker, who used the poison in the manufacture of a batch of humbugs. About 20 people died and hundreds more suffered from arsenic poisoning. And we might all now be aware of the dangers of smoking, but this 1920s cigarette case bears the jaunty message: "When things are getting beyond a joke light a cigarette and have a smoke." Potentially deadly advice, as science would later prove. Powders and potions As part of the exhibition, Stella Baraklianou is to deliver a talk entitled Potions and Powders: Beauty and Medications to Die For. "You wouldn't believe it when you see some of the crazy concoctions that came from Victorian pharmacists, and after the medical industry began to patent and advertise products," she says. One concoction, Mrs Wilmslow's Soothing Syrup, contained morphine and yet was given to babies. "It was meant to send them to sleep but some would never wake up," says Dr Baraklianou. And laudanum, another staple of Victorian medicine, was tincture of opium containing morphine and codeine. Sherlock Holmes, the famous fictional detective, was a user but so were many people in the real world, again including children. What's more, many Victorian face powders contained arsenic, so a fashionable white complexion could be a killer. "The powder would often cause facial scars... and so the user would use more powder to cover the scars," said Dr Baraklianou. Prolonged use of such a product could prove fatal. And in the early 1900s, hair restorer - a liquid that was used on faded or grey hair - often contained both poisonous lead and combustible kerosene. The home is now clearly a safer place, although as Ashley Martin from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents points out, there's no room for complacency. "Over the last 100 years there have been huge developments in public and environmental health and trading standards," he says. "It is a constantly evolving progress but I'm sure there will be something today that at the moment doesn't seem to be a problem that could turn out to be a hazard." Of course, it's not possible to make the home entirely safe - after all, one of the most dangerous things any of us does on a daily basis is to come down the stairs. About 6,000 people die in Britain every year in an accident in the home, Mr Martin says. "There will be always something in the house that we need that is hazardous, like cleaning chemicals, but it is about how we store and use safely - it is not always the product itself." Danger Zone opens on Saturday at Abbey House Museum in Kirkstall and runs for the rest of 2019.

विस्फोटक मिठाइयाँ, रेडियोधर्मी आभूषण और जहरीली दवाएँ विक्टोरियन और एडवर्डियन घरों में छिपे संभावित घातक खतरों में से कुछ थे। ये स्वास्थ्य खतरे अक्सर रोजमर्रा की, जाहिरा तौर पर हानिरहित वस्तुओं में पाए जाते थे।


£3m Royal Holloway theatre named after Caryl Churchill

Summary: Surrey's Royal Holloway College is to name its new £3m theatre after renowned British playwright Caryl Churchill.

The head of drama at the Egham campus of the University of London said it was a great honour and recognition of her "restless creativity". Prof Dan Rebellato said it was an appropriate choice for a college with a strong history of women's education. The 175-seater, two-tier theatre was designed by architect Tim Foster and is due to open early in 2013. Some consider Ms Churchill to be Britain's greatest living playwright. Her work spans six decades and has been performed around the world. Her first full-length play in six years, Love and Information, opens at London's Royal Court Theatre on Thursday.

सरे का रॉयल होलोवे कॉलेज अपने नए £3 मिलियन के थिएटर का नाम प्रसिद्ध ब्रिटिश नाटककार कैरिल चर्चिल के नाम पर रखने वाला है।


£12.4m special school plan for Gwynedd approved

Summary: Plans for a £12.4m school for children with special needs have been approved by Gwynedd council.

The new school, partly funded by the Welsh government, will relocate Ysgol Hafod Lon and Uned Aran to create a new site in Penrhyndeudraeth in 2016. It will have room for 100 children, six beds for residential or short term care and will aim to provide equal opportunities for vulnerable children. A consultation on the plans will now be held. The proposals were agreed at a meeting on Tuesday. The cabinet voted to start a consultation on the plans, with the hope that the new school will be ready for September 2016.

विशेष आवश्यकता वाले बच्चों के लिए £ 12.4m स्कूल की योजनाओं को ग्वेनेड परिषद द्वारा अनुमोदित किया गया है।


Funding in place for Aberdeen FC stadium judicial review

Summary: A group opposed to Aberdeen FC's bid to build a new £50m stadium has said it has secured funding for a petition for a judicial review in the event of the plans being approved.

The stadium and training facilities would be at Kingsford, near Westhill. Aberdeen City Council planners are due to publish their recommendation this week, before councillors make their decision on 11 October. The club has said the new facility is vital for its future. The No Kingsford Stadium group said it had secured funds through pledges and donations.

एक नया 50 मिलियन पाउंड का स्टेडियम बनाने के लिए एबरडीन एफ. सी. की बोली का विरोध करने वाले एक समूह ने कहा है कि उसने योजनाओं को मंजूरी दिए जाने की स्थिति में न्यायिक समीक्षा के लिए एक याचिका के लिए धन प्राप्त किया है।


'I want to explain arranged marriage to people in the West'

Summary: When Pakistani designer Nashra Balagamwala produced a board game about arranged marriage, most news reports about her wrongly assumed she was dead against it. Actually her position is far more nuanced. And one goal is to explain to people in the UK and elsewhere how it works.

By Megha MohanBBC Stories "People in the West often confuse arranged marriages with forced marriages," Nashra Balagamwala says, on the phone from Islamabad. "They go by a lot of what they see in the press. The acid attacks. The so-called honour killings. The complete absence of choice. My game was not meant to be part of that dialogue." Balagamwala's board game, Arranged!, is far from an advert for arranged marriage. Its central character is a matchmaker "auntie" eagerly trying to chase down three girls while they attempt to outwit her and delay marriage. Players create distance from the auntie, and impending marriage, by drawing cards with commands like "You were seen at the mall with boys. The auntie moves three spaces away from you." Other cards that put auntie off include "Your older sister married a white man", or "The auntie finds out you used tampons before marriage." (Many in South Asia believe that a tampon is an indication of sexual activity.) Balagamwala says the game has a dual purpose. One is to start a dialogue among South Asian families on what is expected of women. "I wanted to create an innocent platform where families could talk about some of the silly aspects of my culture, in a non-confrontational way. Like how a 'good girl' knows how to make a good cup of chai and doesn't have male friends. "Secondly, I wanted to explain arranged marriage to white people, so they could better understand the nuance of South Asian traditions." Balagamwala was at the Rhode Island School of Design in the US when she came up with the idea. "I was about to head home to Pakistan at the end of the year, and I had some proposals waiting for me, so I started stalking the Facebook accounts of those guys to find something about them that my parents wouldn't approve of, so I could get out of meeting them. And then I thought to myself, 'Why not get rid of the problem once and for all?' So I created a list of every ridiculous thing I've done to get out of an arranged marriage and turned it into this light-hearted board game." She tested her game out on her friends, a mixture of South Asians and white Americans. An American male friend was in fits of laughter while playing. He admitted to Balagamwala that he'd been worried the game would trivialise the subject, but said that he now had a better understanding of it. Encouraged by the reaction of her friends, and frustrated by her family's endless questions about when she would settle down, Balagamwala set up a Kickstarter page to help fund her game. "Gaming is my therapy," she says. "Making board games soothes me. I've made others too, but they are too controversial for a South Asian audience." Balagamwala says she understands traditional South Asian families. Her own family had been reluctant for her to continue her higher education, particularly in the US, and the dean of her high school, as well as a procession of friends and cousins, had to convince them that it was a good move. The Kickstarter campaign was quickly funded, with more than 500 people placing their orders. Media attention followed, but many reporters failed to grasp her intention, she says, assuming the game was a protest against arranged marriage. "It upset me that so many news outlets chose to hyperlink to ghoulish stories about acid attacks and honour killings. It was as if my game, which was meant to be thought-provoking but humorous, was somehow part of that narrative. It was now a blanket warning against arranged marriage. That wasn't my intention." Balagamwala is keen to not deny the experience of women who are subjected to forced marriage. She says she's aware that happens a lot in Pakistan and India and that it deserves media scrutiny. But that, she says, is not what arranged marriage is. "I'm not against tradition or the idea of an introduction - one that I have the option to decline - from a family member. Especially in a society as conservative as Pakistan, where men and women aren't really allowed to be friends. But only when I'm ready. "People in the West should realise that is what a lot of people in South Asia mean when they say 'arranged marriage'. You may hear about the horror cases, those forced marriages, but that isn't the reality for millions of people. "Also, how is an introduction any different from being set up on a blind date or arranging your own introduction via a dating app?" Soon after Arranged! was profiled on several media outlets, including the BBC, Balagamwala and her family attended a family wedding in Karachi. While her immediate family were supportive, a wider circle were colder. "Some openly said, 'You're going against our values, you're going against what we taught you.' Others avoided me completely. "My dad joked, 'Well, you didn't want to get married and now you've made sure that no-one in Pakistan will marry you!'" The biggest critics of the game were the "Rishta Aunties" - a nickname in Hindi and Urdu for meddlesome older women, not necessarily blood relations, who scout for younger women at weddings to pair up with an eligible young man. They aren't doing it for monetary compensation but purely for the thrill of setting up a good match. The aunties, says Balagamwala, have a set of criteria for what makes a desirable girl. "It's often girls who don't speak their mind. They're seen and not heard. They're good home-makers, ready to support her husband and his ambitions," she says. "And after I was profiled in the press, I was now outside this frame of what makes a desirable wife - for the Rishta Aunties." The release of the game struck a nerve with many young women. "I had messages and support from South Asian women across the world. South Asian women often retain a lot of their traditional values and culture, even if they are born in the US or Europe, so the subject resonated with them. "A girl in India messaged me and saying that my game gave her the courage to have an uncomfortable conversation with her family and say, 'Look not all Asian women want to get married in their 20s.'" The reaction from young South Asian men surprised her the most. They were overwhelmingly positive. Many sent her direct messages thanking her for explaining the female perspective. Some asked her out. More than 50 strangers from the internet proposed. "Initially I didn't get any proposals from Pakistani men within my society because the aunties no longer wanted me," Balagamwala says. However, it's now been six months and they've started up again. Last week four men known to her family expressed interest in marriage. "The sad part is that I'm a girl with light skin and light eyes, and that's the reason they're proposing again. "I'm not kidding. These aunties, when they call my mum, actually say, 'Oh we're going to have a green-eyed daughter-in-law.'" Balagamwala has declined all offers so far. She's still in no hurry to get married, she says. Follow Megha Mohan on Twitter @meghamohan You may also like: Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter

जब पाकिस्तानी डिजाइनर नाशरा बालागमवाला ने अरेंज मैरिज के बारे में एक बोर्ड गेम का निर्माण किया, तो उनके बारे में अधिकांश समाचार रिपोर्टों में गलत तरीके से माना गया कि वह इसके खिलाफ मर चुकी हैं। वास्तव में उनकी स्थिति कहीं अधिक सूक्ष्म है। और एक लक्ष्य यूके और अन्य जगहों पर लोगों को यह समझाना है कि यह कैसे काम करता है।


'Snow spot census' being carried out on Scottish hills

Summary: Walkers and climbers are being asked to take part in a summer survey of the last remaining patches of snow on Scotland's hills.

August's "snow census" will be the eighth time the survey has been carried out - covering the Cairngorms to Glencoe, the Nevis range and beyond. Researchers say this year's findings should be especially interesting. The amount of snow remaining on the hills so far means there is likely to be even more data than usual. The survey will take place over a weekend in late August and will rely on the help of volunteers. Last year's survey recorded almost 300 patches of snow in August - the largest was on Ben Nevis and was 10m deep.

पैदल चलने वालों और पर्वतारोहियों को स्कॉटलैंड की पहाड़ियों पर बर्फ के अंतिम शेष हिस्सों के ग्रीष्मकालीन सर्वेक्षण में भाग लेने के लिए कहा जा रहा है।


Betsi Cadwaladr health board challenges 'still evident'

Summary: Challenges facing the health board in north Wales "are still evident", a report from the auditor general and healthcare inspectorate has said.

The Wales Audit Office and Healthcare Inspectorate Wales looked at progress at Betsi Cadwaladr since 2013 and said it should "continue to show energetic, brave and visible leadership". But it said it lacked a "clear plan" for shaping clinical services and more work was needed on quality improvement. Betsi said it welcomed the review. "We recognise there is still much that needs to be done and are committed to delivering the necessary improvements, building on the progress made to date," the board said. It is under Welsh Government supervision over serious concerns about patient care.

महालेखा परीक्षक और स्वास्थ्य सेवा निरीक्षणालय की एक रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि उत्तरी वेल्स में स्वास्थ्य बोर्ड के सामने आने वाली चुनौती "अभी भी स्पष्ट है"।


Cotswold Water Park Trust issues warning over toxic blue-green algae

Summary: Dog owners are being urged to keep their pets on short leads and people are asked to stay away from lakes after toxic blue-green algae was found.

Cotswold Water Park Trust issued the warning and has placed signs at Neigh Bridge Country Park and Cleveland Lakes. It said it may be present elsewhere. Blue-green algae or cyanobacteria can produce toxins harmful to animals even if ingested in small quantities and can cause eye and skin irritation. Algae naturally occurs in inland waters such as rivers, streams and lakes and during long periods of warm weather it can multiply and form blooms.

कुत्तों के मालिकों से अपने पालतू जानवरों को छोटे लीड पर रखने का आग्रह किया जा रहा है और जहरीले नीले-हरे शैवाल के पाए जाने के बाद लोगों को झीलों से दूर रहने के लिए कहा जा रहा है।


Greek banks 'days away from running out of cash'

Summary: Cash within the Greek banking system will run out in just a few short days, a senior banking source has told me, amid fears that the financial crisis will force Greek companies to start laying off workers on Monday.

Robert PestonEconomics editor "This is a fully fledged banking and economic crisis," said the despairing source. "The rate of cash withdrawals has trebled in recent days, even with the limits." Since I arrived in Athens, I have witnessed Greeks queuing at those cash machines that are working, to withdraw the maximum amount of cash they're allowed under the restrictions implemented last Monday. "People are taking out money around the clock, out of ATMs, on the internet transferring to HSBC - you name it, they're finding ingenious ways to get their savings." He added: "We desperately need a solution. It will not be long before our country is on its knees, with the damage so great that it will be permanent." After the referendum polls close tonight, Greek Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis will meet bank bosses, grouped together under the auspices of the Hellenic Bank Association, and the governor of the Bank of Greece, Yannis Stournaras, I have learned. The meeting will take place after the result of the poll is known, to discuss whether there is any way to ease the constraints on withdrawals from banks and transfers abroad. Bankers hope to hear what contingency measures are being discussed by the governing council of the European Central Bank, which meets tomorrow. It was a decision last Sunday by the ECB to cease providing any additional emergency lending, called ELA, that forced the banks to close last Monday. "My concern is that if there is no easing up of the restrictions, companies will start laying off workers tomorrow," said a senior banker. He added that the so-called capital controls, which include a ban on movement of money abroad, are leading to chronic shortages of medicines, foods, vital raw materials and other important goods. "Companies cannot pay for imports," he said. "This is a serious problem. We are looking at a huge possible humanitarian crisis here." What bankers are hoping to hear is that the ECB will provide enough additional lending to them to finance imports of vital goods. Right now they fear the ECB may do the opposite, and actually demand back some of the €120bn of emergency loans it and the Bank of Greece has already provided - because the value of assets provided as security for these loans may be judged by the ECB to have deteriorated in Greece's economic and political mayhem. "We are in this crazy position where there is no lender of last resort for Greek banks," said a banker, referring to the perceived flaw in the eurozone that the ECB is much less able to create money to help a member state like Greece than the Bank of England can do for the UK or the Federal Reserve can do in the US. "How on earth can banks and an economy be starved of cash like this, in a civilised developed country? The banks need money to keep the economy functioning, and we're almost out." The banker said that if the ECB refuses to provide any additional credit, then the Athens government will have to think about abandoning the euro and introducing a new drachma currency - because otherwise, it would be impossible to pay wages and the economy would deteriorate from being frozen, as at present, to catastrophe. "How can the eurozone and Athens be arguing over which taxes to increase here?" he asked. "If the economy is destroyed, taxes won't solve anything. What we need is a plan to save the banks." As of this moment, banks are expecting that they will continue tomorrow to provide cash, up to €60 per account, via ATMs, and some branches may open to pay pensions. But they wait to learn what restrictions they will face thereafter.

एक वरिष्ठ बैंकिंग सूत्र ने मुझे बताया है कि ग्रीक बैंकिंग प्रणाली के भीतर नकदी कुछ ही दिनों में समाप्त हो जाएगी, इस आशंका के बीच कि वित्तीय संकट ग्रीक कंपनियों को सोमवार को श्रमिकों की छंटनी शुरू करने के लिए मजबूर कर देगा।


50p coin issued in honour of TT star John McGuinness

Summary: The Isle of Man has issued a new 50p piece to celebrate the achievements of 20-time TT winner, John McGuinness.

The coin features a picture of the Morecambe rider in action on the island's Mountain circuit. The new addition to the Manx mint is a joint project by Isle of Man Stamps and Coins and the Manx Treasury. A spokesman said the coin had been created in a bid to mark "the incredible achievements of the Morecambe Missile". He added: "We are delighted with the coin - it was always going to be difficult to capture the excitement and spectacle of a John McGuinness TT race." The 50p coin is legal tender and will go into circulation this week.

आइल ऑफ मैन ने 20 बार के टी. टी. विजेता, जॉन मैकगिनेस की उपलब्धियों का जश्न मनाने के लिए एक नया 50 पी टुकड़ा जारी किया है।


Guernsey bin and recycling bags charge considered

Summary: Islanders could have to pay for special bags to put out waste and recycling for collection from 2016, if Guernsey States approves proposals.

Currently any kind of bin sack can be left out and recycling bags are provided free by the States. The costs have yet to be decided according to Public Services Deputy Minister Scott Ogier. He said he thought it would be 50p for a recycling bag and between £1.50 and £2 for a rubbish bag. Deputy Ogier said: "Those charges help pay for the overall waste strategy... and it will incentivise people to ensure they put as much in the recycling as they can."

यदि ग्वेर्नसे स्टेट्स प्रस्तावों को मंजूरी देता है, तो द्वीपवासियों को 2016 से संग्रह के लिए अपशिष्ट और पुनर्चक्रण के लिए विशेष थैलों के लिए भुगतान करना पड़ सकता है।


Thousands mark 'peaceful' winter solstice at Stonehenge

Summary: Thousands of people have gathered at Stonehenge to welcome the first sunrise after the winter solstice.

English Heritage opened the site between 07:45 and 10:00 for people to celebrate the end of the longest night of the year. Police said there were no arrests and described it as an exceptionally peaceful solstice.

शीतकालीन संक्रांति के बाद पहले सूर्योदय का स्वागत करने के लिए हजारों लोग स्टोनहेंज में एकत्र हुए हैं।


National Eisteddfod 2021: Boduan in Gwynedd named as host

Summary: The 2021 National Eisteddfod will take place in the village of Boduan in Gwynedd, it has been announced.

It is the first time the annual festival has visited the Llŷn and Eifionydd area of north Gwynedd since 1987, when it was held in Porthmadog. The National Eisteddfod is one of Europe's biggest music and poetry festivals. The week-long event takes place at the start of August each year. Gwynedd council leader Dyfrig Siencyn said: "This is the first time for the festival to visit the Dwyfor area since 1987, and I'm confident our local communities will ensure it's an Eisteddfod to remember."

यह घोषणा की गई है कि 2021 का राष्ट्रीय आइस्टेडफॉड ग्वेनेड के बोडुआन गाँव में होगा।


Proof of address to use Denbighshire recycling sites

Summary: People in Denbighshire will soon have to prove residency to use the county's recycling parks with non residents turned away.

Centres at Rhyl, Denbigh and Ruthin reported an increase in non-recyclable waste passing through the sites. Denbighshire council said disposal costs could increase by £100,000 if the trend continued. Residents will have to take proof of their address - a driver's licence or utility bill - from 1 August.

डेनबिघशायर के लोगों को जल्द ही गैर-निवासियों के साथ काउंटी के पुनर्चक्रण उद्यानों का उपयोग करने के लिए निवास साबित करना होगा।


French brothers seek jihad in Syria

Summary: What makes a young middle-class man turn to Islam and want to risk "martyrdom" in Syria? A French father, who has just been bereaved, tells the BBC's Christian Fraser what happened to his sons.

The jihadist video is familiar in both style and content. In front of the black flag proclaiming allegiance to Allah, is a man who calls himself Abu Abd Al-Rahman. "I am French," he says. "My parents are atheists; they do not subscribe to any religion." In fact his parents were baptised Catholic - as was he - and they know him as Nicolas. He is a 30-year-old convert. He comes from a middle-class background in Toulouse. His mother works for the army. In the second half of the video, Nicolas appears in military fatigues, a Kalashnikov rifle across his legs. There is a man sitting to his right. He looks less certain. There is no beard. It is his younger half-brother, Jean Daniel, who went with him in Syria to wage jihad. Convictions Nicolas found Islam through the internet in 2009. The main mosque he attended in Toulouse is a moderate one. But his Muslim friend, who wished to stay anonymous, told me he and Nicolas had talked many times about Islam - until something suddenly changed. "I don't know who radicalised Nicolas," he said. "I wouldn't be able to recognise them. They came from outside. Not from the mosque or our estate. "They were from Strasbourg, or perhaps Paris. Certainly not from Toulouse, that's for sure. They didn't stay for long. Some were shoved out." On 29 March the men took a bus to Barcelona. From there they flew to Casablanca and on to Istanbul. From Turkey they crossed the border for the Syrian city of Aleppo. They had been working part-time to fund their travel, though their friend is not convinced that Jean Daniel was as motivated as his brother. "I am sure he regrets the decision to go," he said. "It's Nicolas who influenced him. He must be wondering what he's got himself into. He listened too much to his brother." The two men were regular visitors to the Izards, a notorious crime-ridden estate in the northern outskirts of the city. Nicolas had been convicted for selling hashish. His family says he was mixing with the wrong sort. But then he found his new faith. He was more observant, stricter, in his adherence to the religion than many of his Muslim friends. And he tried to convert everyone in his family. In 2011 he succeeded in converting his brother. His mother was so concerned by his developing behaviour she called the French intelligence service. 'Like a cult' The boys are from broken but loving homes. There is no suggestion they were unhappy. Their father, Gerard, who now lives in French Guiana, agreed to an interview on Skype. "In their methods they're more like a cult than a religion," he said. "Nicolas' computer was full of YouTube videos of the fighting in Afghanistan. "To start with he met someone, someone who showed him the videos. I think the films really do influence these boys... They can take hold of people. "I raised my children on Nintendo and Coco Pops - to see them in Syria doing this is pretty distressing. I think the men who did this target people who are weak. Nicolas was searching for work, for an identity - perhaps that's why they succeeded. "Of course I am worried about them. I hadn't heard from the boys in 19 days until Monday, when Jean Daniel called to say they were OK. They'd been fighting in a battle for the airport - they were victorious." But an hour after our interview Gerard took a phone call from Nicolas in Aleppo - Jean Daniel had been killed. Intelligence sources believe there are some 220 French men who have gone to fight in Syria so far. It is estimated that 40 of them are converts. At 15-20% they are a disproportionate number. (Only 1% of Muslims in France are converts.) Jail threat Mathieu Guidere, an expert on Islam and the call to jihad, is an adviser to the French government. "These type of people they consider the West is the way it is. You can protest but nothing changes whereas, at the same time, you have demonstrations in Egypt that do usher in change. It's this clash of perceptions that is creating a lot of the problems today. "Now Islam appears like, let's say, communism in the 60s and the 70s. It more like an ideology than a religion for the men we are talking about." The interior minister, Manuel Valls, calls it a ticking time-bomb. He points to the example of Mohamed Merah, who trained in Islamist camps in Afghanistan and returned to kill seven people. He, too, circulated within the Izards estate. The French government is looking at jail sentences of up to four years for people who go to fight in Syria - even though, paradoxically, the French government shares their desire to see the fall of President Bashar al-Assad. I asked Mathieu Guidere whether he believed there were networks in France that were radicalising young Muslims. "There is no evidence that there are cells or networks that are structuring this. Nicolas and Jean Daniel travelled on low cost airlines. It is internet-inspired. Almost all the cases we have - almost all of them - are internet converts. "It is the images that have the impact. They don't even read Arabic. They don't understand what's going on in the videos but the impact of some images, some videos leaves them totally traumatised. They can't ignore it - they feel an overwhelming urge to do something." Gerard hopes his family's experience serves as a warning to other parents. He is a loving father but he cannot be absolutely sure what his surviving son is now capable of.

एक युवा मध्यम वर्गीय व्यक्ति इस्लाम की ओर क्यों मुड़ता है और सीरिया में "शहादत" का जोखिम उठाना चाहता है? एक फ्रांसीसी पिता, जो अभी-अभी शोक संतप्त हुआ है, बीबीसी के क्रिश्चियन फ्रेजर को बताता है कि उसके बेटों के साथ क्या हुआ।


Uneven progress of UN Millennium Development Goals

Summary: World leaders are descending on the UN headquarters in New York for a display of commitment to reduce sharply global poverty and hunger. The summit aims to take stock of progress on eight UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted 10 years ago, and redouble efforts to meet them by 2015. BBC UN correspondent Barbara Plett looks at the issues officials will face.

The United Nations is billing this as a high-stakes event. "The path that will be set at the summit will determine the direction and results, success or failure, of the entire MDG venture," says Olav Kjorven, a senior official in the UN's main development agency, the UNDP. "With five years to go, it's a moment of truth for the whole international community." The truth is that poverty has fallen, but progress has been uneven, and most of the goals are off-target to meet the deadline. One of them - halving world poverty - is likely to be met, largely because of robust economic growth in China and India. But less has been achieved on others, such as decreasing hunger, improving access to health and education, and helping mothers and children. Success stories Many countries do have success stories to tell. African farmers, for instance, have seen enormous benefits from seed and fertiliser subsidies. Such interventions turned Malawi from staving off famine in 2005 to harvesting crop surpluses. There are also plenty of failures. World hunger is on the rise since the adoption of the UN goals, with nearly a billion people suffering. And the number of women who die in childbirth every year is still in the hundreds of thousands, falling far short of the UN goal to cut maternal deaths by three quarters. One reason for failure is that, although the amount of development assistance has increased over the past decade, the richest states have failed to meet their commitment to donate 0.7% of gross national income. Of the so-called G-8 countries, the United Kingdom gives the highest level of aid at 0.51% and Italy the lowest at 0.15%. The US is not far behind at 0.20%, although given the size of its economy, it supplies the highest volume of development assistance. G8 countries also failed to meet a promise to double aid to Africa by 2010, made at a summit in Gleneagles, in Scotland, five years ago. They maintain that it is due to the global financial crisis. But there was a shortfall well before the crash, says Jeffrey Sachs, an MDG adviser to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. "One could say there was a certain lack of seriousness in this process from the start," he says. "In 2007 and 2008 I would say [to G8 officials], what about Gleneagles? You have a commitment, 2010 is very explicit. And very senior officials in the German government would say to me, 'Oh Professor Sachs, you don't think they're going to be honoured, do you?'" Practical steps Prof Sachs also argues that the aid which is given could be used much more effectively. Rich countries tend to focus on their own projects rather than pool their money into global funds that support programmes designed by developing nations - a model that has proven successful, he says. Donor nations counter that developing states are not always effective partners, because of corruption and poor governance. And the UN is urging governments in the developing world to improve tax collection, as well as make sure that economic growth benefits the very poor. Another reason for failure is the inferior position of women and girls in many poor nations, due to entrenched inequalities. Aid workers say rectifying this is crucial, because the status of women has a huge impact on MDGs related to children, health and education. Given these systemic problems, some activists want the summit to frame the UN goals not as mere aspirations but as human rights anchored by legislation, as a way of holding governments to account. And, alongside calls for greater commitment to meet aid pledges, some also want a greater emphasis on what they say are structural causes of global poverty: the burden of foreign debt in the developing world, and trade regimes that do not allow poor countries to develop their economies in ways that would best meet the needs of their people. "The MDGs have been useful in mobilising money and energy," says Olivier De Schutter, the UN's Special Rapporteur on the right to food. "But they attack the symptoms of poverty - underweight children, maternal mortality, HIV prevalence - while remaining silent on the deeper causes of underdevelopment and hunger. "Statistics are not a substitute for politics." The summit is expected to declare that achieving the Millennium Development Goals is do-able by 2015, with the right combination of money, policies and, above all, political will. But there is scepticism, and critics will be looking out for mention of specific steps and practical action plans to flesh out the rhetoric.

विश्व के नेता तेजी से वैश्विक गरीबी और भूख को कम करने की प्रतिबद्धता के प्रदर्शन के लिए न्यूयॉर्क में संयुक्त राष्ट्र मुख्यालय आ रहे हैं। शिखर सम्मेलन का उद्देश्य 10 साल पहले अपनाए गए आठ संयुक्त राष्ट्र सहस्राब्दी विकास लक्ष्यों (एम. डी. जी.) पर प्रगति का जायजा लेना और 2015 तक उन्हें पूरा करने के प्रयासों को दोगुना करना है। बी. बी. सी. संयुक्त राष्ट्र संवाददाता बारबरा प्लेट उन मुद्दों को देखती हैं जिनका अधिकारियों को सामना करना पड़ेगा।


Jersey crash leaves four in a critical condition

Summary: Four people including two children have been flown to Southampton with critical injuries after a crash in Jersey.

Eight people were injured in the three-car crash outside the post office in Trinity at about 1215 GMT on Sunday. A five-year-old girl, a seven-year-old boy, a 32-year-old woman and a 34-year-old man are at Southampton Hospital. An 18-month-old girl, a 30-year-old woman, a 64-year-old woman and a 63-year-old man are at Jersey Hospital with less serious injuries.

जर्सी में एक दुर्घटना के बाद गंभीर रूप से घायल दो बच्चों सहित चार लोगों को साउथेम्प्टन ले जाया गया है।


Driver sought over New Forest pony foal death

Summary: A motorist who knocked over a New Forest pony foal and left it to die is being sought by Hampshire police.

The discovery was made by another driver at Sunny Bushes on the B3079 on Tuesday shortly after midnight. The Bay filly foal was so badly injured it had to be immediately put down, police said. Officers believe the offending vehicle was travelling towards Cadnam, near Southampton, and a piece of trim from a Volkswagen was found close by. Drivers can be prosecuted if they fail to report an accident involving ponies, donkeys, cattle and pigs, which live in the New Forest.

हैम्पशायर पुलिस द्वारा एक मोटर चालक की तलाश की जा रही है जिसने एक न्यू फॉरेस्ट टट्टू के बछड़े को टक्कर मार दी और उसे मरने के लिए छोड़ दिया।


North Korea crisis: What does Kim Jong-un really want?

Summary: Long-standing tensions over North Korea's weapons programme have worsened after it tested two intercontinental ballistic missiles in July. That prompted a new round of UN sanctions and an escalation of the war of words with the United States. As the provocations continue, what does Kim Jong-un really want to achieve?

By Dr John Nilsson-WrightChatham House Is there anything the US could give North Korea that would make it end its nuclear and missile programmes? Given the escalating war of words between the US and North Korea, and Donald Trump's warning of "fire and fury" if Kim Jong-un overtly threatens the United States or launches missiles against the US territory of Guam, it is unclear how useful diplomacy is as tool for moderating regional tensions. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and other senior Trump administration officials have stressed the importance of diplomacy, and even Mr Trump has in the past offered to talk to Mr Kim, but there are no signs that the North Koreans are open to dialogue. Recent informal track two level talks with North Korean officials in Europe suggest that Pyongyang is single-mindedly focused on continuing with its missile and nuclear-weapons testing programmes. Strikingly at the Asean Regional Forum meeting in Manila recently, there was no meeting between Mr Tillerson and Ri Yong-ho, the North Korean foreign minister, and a proposal for talks between Seoul and Pyongyang offered by Kang Kyung-wha, the South Korean foreign minister, was summarily rebuffed by the North Koreans. In principle, there are incentives that the US could offer the North, including talks on a peace treaty ending the Korean War, preliminary steps towards diplomatic recognition (such as the establishment of a US liaison mission in Pyongyang), or an agreement on conventional arms reductions on the peninsula, but these are at best long-term objectives. The North's repeated violations of past diplomatic agreements with the US has eroded any appetite for concessions in Washington where there is deep-seated distrust of the North on both sides of the political aisle and an assumption that pressure, via the latest round of tougher UN sanctions targeting the North's mineral and food exports, and restrictions on North Korean overseas labour, is the best way of bringing Pyongyang to heel. How worried should you be? Reality Check: Are Trump's assumptions right? Is North Korea's ultimate or unswayable goal the possession of a nuclear deterrent? Since coming to power in late 2011, Kim Jong-un's priorities have been focused consistently on two simple objectives of military modernization and delivering economic prosperity for the North Korean public. The North's nuclear aspirations date from the 1960s and are consistent with the regime's desire for political and military autonomy in the face of opposition not only from its traditional enemies such as the United States, Japan and South Korea, but also over the objections of its historical partners such as China and Russia. What damage could North Korea do? Kim Jong-un, North Korea's supreme commander Why? Part of the North's motivation is a rational assessment of the country's strategic interests. The experience of Libya and Iraq is a reminder to Pyongyang that the only guarantee of national survival is the possession of a credible weapons of mass destruction capability. While Washington has expressed no "hostile intent" to the North, Pyongyang maintains that the United States, as a conventionally superior and nuclear armed power, with 28,000 troops in South Korea, and a policy of maintaining a first-use nuclear option, represents a clear threat to the country. Mr Kim's nuclear and missile testing ambitions are also an expression of identity politics. The legitimacy of the Kim dynasty's political leadership is rooted in a narrative of defence against an implacably hostile United States. The 1950-53 Korean War, framed in North Korean propaganda as the result of direct US aggression, is used to depict the United States to the North Korean people as an adversary intent on destroying the country. For the country's older generation that recall US actions during the war, when virtually every urban centre in the North was obliterated by American bombing, this narrative is a convincing one and is routinely reinforced for the wider population in the state's daily political messages. Mr Trump's recent bellicose public statements are a propaganda gift to Kim Jong-un, allowing him to bolster his standing as the nation's commander in chief and protector of the country. Can the US defend itself? Can North Korea nuclear threat focus minds? Could a nuclear-armed North Korea co-exist with the US? The North's accelerated missile testing campaign and last year's two successful nuclear tests have materially enhanced the country's deterrent capabilities. Recent intelligence reports from the US have suggested that the country may have as many as 60 nuclear bombs (a figure disputed by some analysts) and its long-range missile tests of 4 and 28 July indicate that the North may have the capacity to hit parts of the United States. A recent report in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists has questioned the extent to which this improved missile capability genuinely allows the North to deploy a nuclear warhead against the US, but there is little doubt that Pyongyang has made dramatic progress in the last year in securing full de-facto membership of the nuclear club. Washington, however, has made it clear that it will not recognize or tolerate such a development. To do so would offer a propaganda victory to the North, critically undermine America's relations with its key regional allies - Japan and South Korea - prompt a destabilizing arms race in the region, and destabilize the global nuclear non-proliferation regime. Trump's team mixed messages Who said what: Trump or Kim? Is any of what North Korea wants realistic? Pyongyang's priority is to push ahead aggressively with testing, both of its missiles and its nuclear weapons, in an effort to solidify its deterrent capabilities. For Mr Kim, this makes sense as means of boosting his political authority and legitimacy at home. He can take comfort from China's apparent reluctance to impose crippling economic restrictions on the North, despite its recent support for tougher UN sanctions. He can also calculate rationally that ultimately the United States, as many experienced observers are arguing, will accept the need to negotiate some form of intermediate freeze in the North's military capabilities in the hope that this will stabilize the strategic situation while keeping the door open to future disarmament. By then, Mr Kim may hope he will be able to secure a range of concessions from the US and South Korea, whether in the form of economic assistance, conventional arms reductions, or more importantly the political respect and status as an independent, sovereign state that the North has long craved. The wild card in the current situation is how far President Trump's rhetorical brinkmanship will deter the North from pushing ahead with its missile testing programme. The North Korean military has threatened to test fire four intermediate range missiles in the vicinity of the US military facilities on Guam later this month. No US President could tolerate a direct attack, but a test launch in the international waters close to the island would arguably represent a "grey zone" contingency that would require a more nuanced response, stopping short of full-blown military conflict. Discussions of the current stand-off have focused on the parallels with the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 and the strategic judgment of the US president at the time, John F Kennedy. His caution in seeking to avoid nuclear war was shaped by his reading of Barbara Tuchman's book The Guns of August and its insights into the lessons of World War One. It is ironic and telling that once again August is a time of acute strategic risk and uncertainty, when the rhetoric, assessments and actions of national leaders are likely to carry profound significance for regional and global security. Dr John Nilsson-Wright is a Senior Research Fellow for Northeast Asia, Asia Programme, Chatham House and Senior Lecturer in Japanese Politics and the International Relations of East Asia, University of Cambridge

जुलाई में दो अंतरमहाद्वीपीय बैलिस्टिक मिसाइलों के परीक्षण के बाद उत्तर कोरिया के हथियार कार्यक्रम पर लंबे समय से चल रहा तनाव और बढ़ गया है। इससे संयुक्त राष्ट्र प्रतिबंधों का एक नया दौर शुरू हुआ और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका के साथ जुबानी जंग बढ़ गई। जैसे-जैसे उकसावे जारी हैं, किम जोंग-उन वास्तव में क्या हासिल करना चाहते हैं?


Lib Dem leader resigns: The Nick Clegg Story

Summary: Nick Clegg's political journey has seen him win a bitter Liberal Democrat leadership battle, rise to become deputy prime minister, and face furious criticism over his U-turn on tuition fees. But despite retaining his own parliamentary seat in 2015, he has resigned as Lib Dem leader after disastrous election results saw the party crushed at the polls.

He was once mentioned in the same breath as Winston Churchill and took his party up to notable highs and now down to painful lows in its popularity. Personally, he has taken the well-trodden path of failed novelist, American road tripper and schoolboy prankster. Born in 1967 in Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire, he is the third of four children of Nicholas Peter Clegg CBE, chairman of United Trust Bank. Nicholas senior is half Russian and his aristocratic grandmother fled St Petersburg after the tsar was ousted. The younger Nicholas's friends at Westminster School, one of the country's top private schools and located a few hundred metres from the Houses of Parliament, recall the future politician a "spotty" but self-confident teenager with a keen sense of fun. He apparently sought out the limelight in school plays, providing a grounding for the grilling he was one day to face when in the political spotlight. All that energy seems to have spilled over somewhat when, as a 16-year-old exchange student in Munich, he and a friend were arrested for setting fire to a collection of rare cacti belonging to a professor. Mr Clegg has described the incident as a "drunken prank," of which he was "not proud". He was sentenced to community service and had to spend the summer digging gardens. After studying anthropology at Cambridge, he briefly became, in his own words, a "ski bum" and tried to write a novel, which he later described as "embarrassingly bad". He took a road trip across America with his friend Louis Theroux, the documentary maker, and his novelist brother, Marcel. It was during this time, in the best traditions of road trippers everywhere and to the amusement of the Theroux brothers, he practised transcendental meditation. After completing a postgraduate scholarship at the University of Minnesota, Mr Clegg began a career in journalism as an intern in New York on left-wing magazine The Nation. He then had a spell in Hungary, where he was sent as the first winner of the Financial Times David Thomas Prize, before going to work for European Commissioner Leon Brittan in Brussels. The Tory grandee says the young Mr Clegg always resisted attempts to recruit him to the Conservative Party. While at the European Commission, Mr Clegg managed aid projects in the poorest parts of Russia and led the EU's negotiations on China and Russia's entry into the World Trade Organisation. Little wonder that, after all his travels, he should be able to speak French, Dutch, German, and Spanish. A brief spell as a lecturer at Sheffield University followed before he became a Liberal Democrat MEP in 1999. In 2000, Mr Clegg married leading commercial lawyer Miriam Gonzalez Durantez, a former Middle East expert at the Foreign Office. The couple, who met while studying at the College of Europe in Bruges, live in south-west London with their three children, Antonio, Alberto and Miguel. She has revealed that she and their three boys have been writing an anonymous cookery blog for three years. In it, the family share recipes including shrimp tortillas, milk buns and lemon posset, apparently without Lib Dem advisers knowing. What they think of the Cleggs' cooking is also unclear. Eventually the young MEP was talent-spotted by the then-Lib Dem leader Paddy Ashdown and it was not long before he was swapping Brussels for Westminster. Despite his relative inexperience, he was tipped as a future leader almost from the moment he arrived in the Commons in 2005, as the MP for Sheffield Hallam. He did not have to wait long to get his chance, when Sir Menzies Campbell unexpectedly quit as leader in 2007. Mr Clegg was part of a new generation of Lib Dem MPs who saw themselves as classical liberals - believers in free trade, free markets and individual liberty. But despite starting as firm favourite, he was nearly beaten to the leadership by a figure from the left of the party, Chris Huhne, after a closely fought, and at times fractious, contest. Mr Huhne had to issue an apology over a briefing paper printed during the leadership battle which described his leadership rival as a "calamity". The defining moment of Mr Clegg's political career came in the May 2010 general election campaign, when he took part in Britain's first televised leaders debates. The Lib Dem leader outshone David Cameron and Gordon Brown in the first of their three encounters, with "I agree with Nick" becoming the catchphrase of the debate, falling from the lips of his opponents on several occasions. Mr Clegg's performance sparked headlines claiming he was the most popular politician since Winston Churchill and vitriolic attacks from right-leaning newspapers who had previously ignored him. The expected poll boost largely failed to materialise, but the Lib Dems still had enough MPs to effectively hold the balance of power in a hung Parliament when the votes had been counted. Mr Clegg, as the new deputy prime minister, famously stood next to the new prime minister, David Cameron, in the garden at 10 Downing Street for the new government's first press conference. In a light-hearted moment, Mr Cameron admitted he once branded his new coalition partner a "joke". At which point the deputy PM then pretended to storm off - prompting Mr Cameron to plead with him to "come back". His unfavourable assessment of the man who was now his closest new government colleague was recorded in a 2008 book by GQ editor Dylan Jones, who asked him for his favourite joke. "Nick Clegg, at the moment," Mr Cameron had apparently told him. When asked by a reporter about the jibe and whether he said it, Mr Cameron turned to Mr Clegg and confessed: "I'm afraid I did." This verbal battering did not seem to get the pair off on the wrong foot, however. When making his deal with the Conservatives, Mr Clegg reasoned that he could secure more of the Lib Dems' priorities in coalition with Mr Cameron than with Labour - and he won the backing of his party for the deal at a special conference. He pointed to his early successes where he won a "pupil premium" to pump money into schools in disadvantaged areas, a referendum on electoral reform - which he lost - and an increase in the tax-free allowance to £10,000. In return, he accepted the scale and speed of the Conservatives' spending cuts, sparking a mass defection of left-wing Lib Dem members and voters. He also decided to support a rise in tuition fees, something he had opposed when in opposition. In fact, he, along with all Lib Dem MPs elected in 2010, had signed a National Union of Students (NUS) pledge to vote against any rise. It was a move that split his MPs, led to much agonising among his ministers and a cry of betrayal from students who had voted for him - and who now took to the streets in protest. The Lib Dem leader said last year that he had "perhaps rightly" received a lot of criticism over the tuition fees U-turn. His apology even went viral after being set to music. That, and other compromises of coalition are being seen as the major reason for the Liberal Democrats' disastrous general election performance, with the party forecast to retain just eight of their 57 House of Commons seats. Mr Clegg retained his Sheffield Hallam seat, but in a speech resigning as Lib Dem leader, he said results had been "immeasurably more crushing and unkind than I could ever have feared", adding that he "of course... must take responsibility". His role in government is now over, but what influence he will be able to bring to bear on the unpredictable British political landscape remains to be seen.

निक क्लेग की राजनीतिक यात्रा ने उन्हें एक कड़वी लिबरल डेमोक्रेट नेतृत्व की लड़ाई जीतते हुए, उप प्रधान मंत्री बनने के लिए बढ़ते हुए, और ट्यूशन शुल्क पर अपने यू-टर्न पर उग्र आलोचना का सामना करते हुए देखा है। लेकिन 2015 में अपनी संसदीय सीट बनाए रखने के बावजूद, उन्होंने चुनाव के विनाशकारी परिणामों में पार्टी को कुचलने के बाद लिब डेम नेता के रूप में इस्तीफा दे दिया है।


Election 2017: Why does Plymouth have such marginal seats?

Summary: In 2015, both Plymouth seats were won by Conservatives with a majority of less than 5%. Plymouth, Sutton and Devonport, won by just 523 votes, is one of the most marginal seats in the country. Why then, when other urban areas have strong party allegiances, is Plymouth a swing city?

By Sian DaviesBBC News Online "Plymouth is a city that's had quite a different history to many cities," says Mike Sheaff, Associate Professor of Sociology at Plymouth University. "It has the social class composition of what you would expect to have a high Labour vote. "But historically naval towns are more conservative than their class composition might suggest." Plymouth boasts the largest naval base in western Europe, with 2,500 service personnel and civilians employed at Devonport. Dr Sheaff says: "Apart from Michael Foot being MP for Devonport the constituency was conservative from 1955 to 1975, even though it's strongly working class. "That has now had grafted on it the impact of social change in the last 20 years. "There is a push for younger people into higher education, and there is a smaller minority ethnic population than other cities. It makes the urban area more distinctive." In the 1980s, 11,000 people were employed at the dockyard and there were less than 1,000 students. There are now 25,000 students in the city, and 2,500 people working at the dockyard. Dr Sheaff says this is part of the city's unpredictability: "Things are changing - the dockyard is much smaller than it was 20 years ago - but there are still older people in the city who worked there. "Young people are more likely to vote Labour than other groups, but they are also less likely to vote." Andy Pearce and his dad Fred have both served in the Royal Navy, and they're concerned about the closure of Ministry of Defence sites in the city, such as the Royal Citadel and Stonehouse Barracks, which were announced last year. They are currently home to 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery and 3 Commando Brigade Royal Marines respectively. Fred said: "29 Commando has been in the citadel for years. It's totally wrong. The whole of Plymouth are up in arms about it. I understand why the government are trying to save money but it's to the detriment of the services. "I don't think we're going to get what we deserve in Plymouth. It used to be a naval port and now it's a university city." The son of a miner, Fred said he has been a Labour voter all his life: "I watched the Thatcher era and the strikes and it was awful. Thatcher ripped the guts out of this country. "The only issue I have with Corbyn is the Trident issue. We have to have some sort of nuclear defence." Andy added: "I understand austerity but when it comes to the defence of the realm I don't know why men are being put on the front line without the right funding or equipment. "I don't believe what any politicians say. They say things to get a cross in a box. It's just lip service. It's all pre-election talk. "How can Theresa May say she backs our military city? If they don't do it when they are in government they aren't going to do it if they remain in government. I don't trust either of them - Corbyn is a bit of a softy. He would rather talk to people than get stuck in and get the job done, and tell them how it's going to be. "I'm undecided. But I've spoken to people of my generation and they know who they're going to vote for - generally Conservative. But a lot of my friends on social media are saying Labour - they tend to be northerners." Third year environmental science student Will Stuttard, 21, said the date of the election has had an impact on where he will vote. "I've been concentrating on my final exams, and it will be easier to vote at home as they will be over by then," he said. "The student population seems quite separate in Plymouth. There are different priorities - this generation is a lot more environmentally focused than other generations." None of the students I spoke to were planning to vote in the city, changing the result by potentially tens of thousands of votes. Nineteen-year-old podiatry student Alex Moore is also planning to vote at home in Somerset - a tactical Liberal Democrat vote to unseat her Conservative MP. "I didn't know I could vote here," she said. "I've got my postal vote. But my vote would have had more of an impact down here. "I want fees to be scrapped and bursaries to be brought back. I get patients of an older demographic who know that Derriford Hospital is stretched but they don't want to vote Labour. "Because they've voted for Brexit they want to carry on with the Tories." Megan Dalton, 20, said she's only discussed the election with fellow students. "Out of everyone that I have spoken to only one person has said he would vote Tory," she says. "And he's from Kent." Sasita Sampson, 55, runs a world food shop in the centre of the city, where she has lived for 35 years. She says custom has gone down since Brexit, and the students, who are keeping her business going, are not in the city for four months of the year. "I'm interested in small business issues like not much footfall and a quiet city centre. We have noticed that business has gone down since Brexit, and prices of our imports have gone up. "By the end of the summer, with the students away business will be down by half. Migration brings money and when you stop it there's no money." She's torn over who to vote for. Of Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, she says: "He's suddenly come out of his shell. "If he's for the poor and middle class I will vote for him. I've nothing against rich people, they work hard for it, but its not balancing out." This will be 18-year-old Luv Lallchand's first general election, but he says the main parties' policies aren't clear, and a lack of discussion in the city hasn't helped him make up his mind. Perhaps this is the key to Plymouth's undecided electorate? "It's quite a conservative place anyway and people don't like to discuss things out of their comfort zone," he said. "It seems to be a taboo in Plymouth to talk about the election."

2015 में प्लाईमाउथ की दोनों सीटें कंजर्वेटिव ने 5 प्रतिशत से कम बहुमत के साथ जीती थीं। प्लाईमाउथ, सटन और डेवोनपोर्ट, जो केवल 523 मतों से जीते थे, देश की सबसे मामूली सीटों में से एक है। तो फिर, जब अन्य शहरी क्षेत्रों में पार्टी की मजबूत निष्ठा है, तो प्लाईमाउथ एक स्विंग शहर क्यों है?


Fresh mackerel talks begin over Iceland and Faroe Islands quotas

Summary: Fresh talks aimed at resolving the long-running mackerel quotas wrangle are taking place in London.

Iceland and the Faroe Islands have been in dispute between the EU and Norway after upping their own quotas. The new UK fisheries Minister George Eustice - who will visit the fishing town of Peterhead on Thursday - said he was hopeful of some sort of agreement being reached. Mackerel is Scotland's most valuable catch. Mr Eustice replaced Richard Benyon as UK fisheries minister in a recent reshuffle.

लंबे समय से चल रहे मैकेरल कोटा विवाद को हल करने के उद्देश्य से लंदन में नई बातचीत हो रही है।


Funding for Jersey's discrimination laws at risk

Summary: Funding for Jersey's discrimination laws could be removed under plans for States departments to save money.

The Home Affairs Minister, Senator Ian Le Marquand, has proposed the cut in a bid to reduce spending by 2%. He told the States he did not see the sense in introducing legislation and setting up a tribunal for funding not to continue after a year. The scrutiny panel which looks at the department says it wants other money-saving alternatives to be considered.

जर्सी के भेदभाव कानूनों के लिए धन को राज्य के विभागों के लिए धन बचाने की योजनाओं के तहत हटाया जा सकता है।


Does lead poisoning make you violent?

Summary: It may sound fanciful, but a growing body of evidence seems to suggest there may be a link between violent crime and - no, not policing strategy, or sentencing reform, or even trends in drug abuse, but - exposure to lead.

Tom FeildenScience correspondent, Today Yes that's right, the base metal element lead, Pb, or more exactly the lead-based chemical compound Pb(CH2CH3)4 added to petrol to make car engines run more smoothly. Research in America shows a strong correlation between the build up of lead in the environment and - some 20 years later - levels of violent crime. Crucially the correlation persists even when the figures are adjusted for confounding factors like social deprivation and drug use, but what's really remarkable is that they even seem to reflect the speed at which lead additives in petrol were phased out. In states and cities where additives were banned outright the subsequent drop off in violent crime was equally dramatic, but where lead was phased out over time criminality tailed off less abruptly. Of course correlation is not causality, but speaking on the Today programme this morning Alastair Hay, a professor of environmental toxicology at Leeds University, described the research as compelling. "I'm very impressed with the studies that have been done. The authors have been very cautious and careful to exclude other factors associated with criminality, and the thing that stands out is this rise and fall in lead levels and a subsequent rise and fall in crime. "It's very convincing." There's plausibility here too. We've known for some time that lead is a potent neuro-toxin that can cause significant damage to a number of organs in the body, including the central nervous system, and can lead to behavioural problems in children. After all that's why it was banned in both paint and petrol in the first place. So perhaps we shouldn't be so surprised to find it plays a significant role in violent crime.

यह काल्पनिक लग सकता है, लेकिन सबूतों के बढ़ते निकाय से पता चलता है कि हिंसक अपराध और-नहीं, पुलिसिंग रणनीति, या सजा सुधार, या यहां तक कि नशीली दवाओं के दुरुपयोग में रुझान, लेकिन-नेतृत्व के संपर्क के बीच एक संबंध हो सकता है।


Inside the school where 98% of the pupils are travellers

Summary: At the edge of an Essex village sits a primary school unlike any other in the UK. Only a handful of its children will ever go on to secondary school and some of the pupils will disappear for weeks or months at a time. Yet hardly anybody wants to talk about it. Why?

By Laurence CawleyBBC News For decades the primary school in Crays Hill was at the heart of village life. Then came Dale Farm, which grew to become Europe's largest traveller site. Increasing numbers of children from the site - some of it legally developed, some of it illegally - joined the school. The shifting pupil mix came to a head in 2004, when the then head teacher and 10 members of the governing body quit amid concerns at falling pupil numbers and how the school would fare in the future. It was also the year children from settled families evaporated. Completely. By the end of 2004, not a single child from the settled community of Crays Hill was left. All pupils were from traveller families. Today, the school is still going and going strong, according to Ofsted, which just a few months ago praised the "good quality of education" offered by this "well-organised and welcoming school". And yet barely anybody seems to want to talk about this village school. At least in public. Crays Hill Primary in numbers Source: Department for Education All four members of the local parish council - including a former governor at the school - were asked about the school. None responded. Former parents - including one of the last to remove her children from the school back in 2004 - would not speak about it either. One, whose children are now teenagers, told the BBC she felt there were "more important issues" in the community. Emma Nuttall, advice and policy manager for the Traveller-support charity Friends, Families and Travellers, said the school and its population were the victims of "prejudice". "There will be others in similar situations," she said. "Would they dare to raise the issue if the majority of the pupils were Asian or black? I think not." But in Crays Hill there are strong feelings on both sides. Not a single traveller parent would allow their child to talk about their school on camera or allow their children's faces to be photographed. The reason, it appears, were concerns of a backlash against their families amid a row nearby over illegal development at the nearby Hovefield site. Yet beyond this apparent wall of silence lies a hive of activity, in which children are children and teachers face a daily juggling act they say is pretty much unlike anything else in the English education system. In one class you will find children reading, drawing and doing craft work. In another, you might find children studying classical mythology. Tasked with inventing their own creatures, one girl had come up with a half man/half snake monster. But she laughed at her own creation when she realised a snake with legs closely resembled a lizard or a dinosaur. "I think I might start again," she joked. She is one of 52 pupils currently on the school roll. Fifty are from traveller families. That two pupils are from the settled community is in itself a significant change. For head teacher Hayley Dyer, any politics surrounding her school remains strictly outside the green iron gates. Her role, and that of her staff, is to do their best for any child who comes through the doors. Yes, she is aware of how her school is perceived by some. "There have been some people who had a particular view of the school and who have had a particular view of some of our children," she says. And she is a realist about the concerns any settled family might have about enrolling their child at her school. "The mix is so small," she says. "But if more parents came and more children came, that mix would be better and which would in turn lessen the need for those considerations." Mrs Dyer, who joined as deputy head nine years ago, is equally upfront about the particular challenges her staff face. Some pupils can disappear for a week, a month or a year at a time. Fluctuating headcounts make planning the school finances, which are based on headcounts (census days) taken on a single day three times a year, a little tricky. "Looking forward into the future is very difficult. The biggest absence, I think, has been for two years. They had been abroad." Crays Hill is not a school that suits all teachers. While finding the school provided a "good quality of education", Ofsted also noted in its January report that "a new deputy head teacher was appointed and has since left" and told how "four teachers have left and three have joined the school". "It is either a job you thrive in or you think 'it is not for me'," says Mrs Dyer. "People will very quickly decide which one they are when they start teaching." It is also a school where very few children at Crays Hill will go on to secondary education. That situation was made worse last year after one of Crays Hill's top former pupils was killed on the A127. Joseph Sheridan, 13, was walking across the dual carriageway when he was hit by a BMW which had no time to stop. Referring to him as "our Joseph", Mrs Dyer said: "He had been with us from age four until 11 and was doing great in secondary school (at the nearby The Bromfords School). "He was such an ambassador for his community." The impact of his death on the travelling community was that "everybody felt they had to hold on tighter to their children". It was not the first difficult time for the school. The evictions of 80 traveller families from their illegally-built homes at Dale Farm five years ago was a period of "high anxiety" for the school community. The leadership provided by the then head teacher Sulan Goodwin was nothing short of "amazing", says Mrs Dyer, "It was a difficult time for staff knowing that some of their children were affected. "What we tried to do was to continue with normal school. "There was high anxiety at that time and it was definitely difficult. "We wanted to make sure there was some firm ground beneath their feet. It was really important." The school lost a number of children following the evictions and so the roll numbers today do not justify single year groups. Instead, the population is divided into three - foundation and year ones, year twos, threes and fours and then a final class grouping of years five and six. This distillation of the population leaves an eerie silence hanging over the unused rooms of the school, which was built, in the early 20th Century, to house more than 150 pupils. The school day starts with early-morning activities, such as reading or doing jigsaws and, once the actual school day starts, pupils do 15 minutes of focused reading followed by 15 minutes of handwriting. For the rest of the morning, children then move into other groups, sorted not by age but by reading ability. It means pupils get more relevant teaching. Malcolm Buckley, the former leader of Basildon Council and who currently serves as a county councillor for the area, wants families from the settled community to see what Crays Hill has to offer. And he believes a rebalancing of the traveller and settled community at Crays Hill is inevitable. "We have extreme pressure on primary school places in Basildon so the schools which have places in them will have to be used," he said. "The other thing is that the school has been classified as a good school and (settled) parents can have much more confidence in it than they appear to have." He said he understood community reluctance surrounding the school because "you only get one shot at a child's education" and "if you get it wrong" it can have a "lasting impact". The school's growing relationship with the wider community, which includes a number of external groups using the premises, is vital, he said. And although the parish council would not discuss its proposals to resume holding its meetings at the school, Mr Buckley said that was something he would like to see. "When those organisations use the school, actually see it inside and see how it operates, it instils confidence." This is music to the ears of Phien O'Reachtigan of the National Gypsy, Traveller and Roma Council, who says what happened at the school in 2004 was "terrible" and a "disgrace". Mr O'Reachtigan believes reintegration will benefit all concerned. "Children are not naturally prejudiced," he said. "They inherit prejudice from their parents. What happened in 2004 was a terrible situation, there was no reason for parents to take their children away. "Friendships were broken when the children were taken away and it has had a lasting impact." Asked what success looks like at a school like Crays Hill, Mrs Dyer ponders for a while. A positive Ofsted report is useful, she says, for the school's relationship with the outside world. But within the school, success is more personal. One of the eight pupils taking part in a dance session is a boy called Richard. Watching him dance makes Mrs Dyer smile. "Sometimes it spoils his afternoon so it is good to see him enjoying it," she says. This kind of small triumph, along with improvements in reading or writing, or examples of excellent behaviour, are what success looks like at Crays Hill to Mrs Dyer. "It is those individual achievements that are most precious."

एसेक्स गाँव के किनारे पर एक प्राथमिक विद्यालय है जो यू. के. में किसी भी अन्य विद्यालय के विपरीत है। इसके कुछ ही बच्चे कभी माध्यमिक विद्यालय में जाते हैं और कुछ छात्र एक बार में हफ्तों या महीनों तक गायब हो जाते हैं। फिर भी शायद ही कोई इसके बारे में बात करना चाहता है। क्यों?


Charles and Camilla to visit Douglas and Peel

Summary: The Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall will visit the Isle of Man on 26 April, as part of a tour to mark the Diamond Jubilee.

During their visit the couple will watch young cyclists race at the former club of World Champions Mark Cavendish and Peter Kennaugh in Douglas. They will then visit Peel to meet Manx food producers, local farmers and fishermen and members of the RNLI. Thee couple will also attend the launch of the Isle of Man Food Park. This will be The Prince of Wales's third official visit to the Isle of Man. His last visit was for the Tynwald Day Ceremony in 2000. The Duchess of Cornwall will be visiting the island for the first time. A series of regional visits around the British Isles have been arranged to mark the 60th anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne.

प्रिंस ऑफ वेल्स और डचेस ऑफ कॉर्नवाल हीरक जयंती को चिह्नित करने के लिए एक दौरे के हिस्से के रूप में 26 अप्रैल को आइल ऑफ मैन की यात्रा करेंगे।


Man airlifted to hospital after fall from cliffs at Slains Castle

Summary: A man has been airlifted to hospital after falling from cliffs at Slains Castle, near Cruden Bay, Aberdeenshire.

Coastguard and lifeboat teams, along with police, ambulance and the fire service attended the incident, at about 15:40 on Saturday. A lifeboat was launched to get closer to the cliffs, but the man was airlifted due to his location and the nature of his injuries. He was taken to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. Martyn Simpson, RNLI coxswain mechanic at Peterhead lifeboat station, said: "Peterhead Lifeboat has launched to two calls at Slains Castle within the last two weeks. "It is a beautiful walk but it can also be very dangerous so we would urge everyone to take extra care."

एबरडीनशायर के क्रुडेन बे के पास स्लेन्स कैसल में चट्टानों से गिरने के बाद एक व्यक्ति को हवाई मार्ग से अस्पताल ले जाया गया है।


Lorry roof ripped off as it hits Poole railway bridge

Summary: A road was closed and trains were delayed after a lorry struck the underside of a railway bridge.

Dorset Police said the lorry hit the bridge on Bourne Valley Road in Poole at about 11:00 GMT. There were no reports of injuries. The road was closed while the lorry was recovered. Network Rail said trains were placed under a temporary speed limit while an inspection was carried out. No structural damage was found. "As bridge strikes like this are entirely avoidable and cause delays for rail passengers, we advise drivers to always know the size and height of their vehicles," a spokesman said.

एक सड़क को बंद कर दिया गया और एक लॉरी के रेलवे पुल के नीचे से टकराने के बाद ट्रेनें देरी से चल रही थीं।


Tayside Police receives allegation of Jimmy Savile abuse

Summary: A complaint relating to the inquiry into allegations that Jimmy Savile sexually abused girls has been made to a Scottish police force.

Tayside Police said a woman had reported an "historical incident" said to have taken place in Liverpool. The force has passed on the details to the Metropolitan Police which is leading the investigation. Scotland Yard said it was pursuing 120 lines of inquiry and there could be 30 victims of abuse by the presenter.

जिमी सेविले द्वारा लड़कियों का यौन शोषण करने के आरोपों की जांच से संबंधित शिकायत एक स्कॉटिश पुलिस बल को दी गई है।


Coronavirus: Your pictures on the theme of 'walking'

Summary: We asked our readers to send in their pictures on the theme of "walking" amid the coronavirus pandemic. Here are some of the pictures sent to us from around the world.

The next theme is "reflections" and the deadline for entries is 7 July 2020. Send pictures to yourpics@bbc.co.uk or follow the link to "Upload your pictures here" below. Further details and terms can be found by following the link to "We set the theme, you take the picture" at the bottom of the page. All photographs subject to copyright

हमने अपने पाठकों से कोरोनावायरस महामारी के बीच "चलने" के विषय पर अपनी तस्वीरें भेजने के लिए कहा। यहाँ दुनिया भर से हमें भेजी गई कुछ तस्वीरें हैं।


Robin Williams: His best on-screen roles

Summary: Robin Williams, who has died at the age of 63, mastered the full spectrum of roles - from zany, big-hearted humour to tear-jerking emotion, exuberant children's performances, stand-up comedy and darker dramatic parts.

Picking out his best performances is difficult, but here is a small selection of his best-loved roles. MORK AND MINDY "Nanu nanu!" Williams's breakthrough came in this rather bizarre spin-off from Happy Days, a TV comedy about an alien who lands on Earth and settles in Boulder, Colorado. There was boundless humour in Mork's attempts to fit in with human life, while unwittingly highlighting the absurdities of our society and etiquette. The series, which lasted from 1978 to '82, was perfect for Williams's madcap, ever-energetic presence. GOOD MORNING, VIETNAM Williams had established himself as a big name by 1987, when he starred as a wise-cracking, versatile-voiced disc jockey who was enlisted by Armed Forces Radio to lift the morale of US troops in Vietnam. "It's a breakthrough for Mr Williams, who, for the first time in movies, gets a chance to exercise his restless, full-frontal comic intelligence," the New York Times critic wrote at the time. The role also earned Williams his first of four Oscar nominations for best actor. DEAD POETS SOCIETY Williams's second Oscar nomination came two years later for playing John Keating, a charismatic, inspirational and exuberant English teacher at an elite US school. But this was more than just madcap - Mr Keating asked his students to address him as "O captain! My captain!" (from the Walt Whitman poem) and instructed them to take control of their destinies and "seize the day". Mr Keating, the Los Angeles Times reported, was "played with a fine lyric-comic frenzy" by the actor who, it added, "blazes like a poetry-spewing comet". MRS DOUBTFIRE In 1993, Williams put on a latex mask, a dress and a Scottish accent to play Mrs Doubtfire. The character was a father who dressed as a nanny in order to spend more time with his children. "Williams, looking like the kind of old biddy who sets wolves a-howling, is such a strong presence, no amount of Latex can obliterate his personality," wrote USA Today. The family comedy earned him a Golden Globe, an American Comedy Award, a Kids' Choice Award and an MTV Movie Award. A sequel had been in the works. GOOD WILL HUNTING Williams was on inspirational form again in his only Oscar-winning role - older, wiser, less madcap and proving his serious acting abilities beyond any doubt. In the 1997 film, he played a straight-talking psychologist to Matt Damon's lead role as an smart alec mathematics prodigy. Williams, according to the San Francisco Chronicle, "turns what might have been a star walk-through into a soulfully rich performance" and makes his character "bristle with feelings that reveal his vulnerability". When you have finished with those, try The Fisher King, Patch Adams, Insomnia, Aladdin, One Hour Photo, Jumanji, Awakenings, Moscow on the Hudson and The Birdcage, among others.

रॉबिन विलियम्स, जिनका 63 वर्ष की आयु में निधन हो गया है, ने भूमिकाओं के पूरे स्पेक्ट्रम में महारत हासिल की-विचित्र, बड़े दिल वाले हास्य से लेकर अश्रुपूर्ण भावना, बच्चों के उल्लासपूर्ण प्रदर्शन, स्टैंड-अप कॉमेडी और गहरे नाटकीय भागों तक।


Farming underground in a fight against climate change

Summary: The Andean Plateau or the Altiplano, is one of the largest and highest plateaus in the world. In order to protect their crops from drought, flash floods and increasing temperatures, Bolivian farmers are going underground.

By Inma Gil RosendoBBC Mundo Bolivia is among the nations least responsible for climate change, but one of the most vulnerable to its effects. Almost 60% of Bolivian farmers live on the Altiplano, but it is a place of extremes, suffering from frequent drought, frost, high winds and radiation. Following traditional farming methods, such as growing on terraced fields or using foot ploughs, makes crops vulnerable to erratic rains and erosion. In an effort to ensure food security for their families and livestock, some Bolivian farmers have built underground greenhouses, locally known as 'Walipinis'. Growing underground There is something a bit magical about Walipinis. With only their roofs visible, they are barely indistinguishable from the plateau's arid landscape. But it's what's inside that counts. Farmer and llama breeder, Gabriel Condo Apaza built his Walipini two years ago. Cheap and simple, he tells me it's helped him to save money and improve the diet of his five children. "We no longer buy vegetables in the market" says Condo, standing proudly next to his Walipini in a remote part of the Oruro region. "Now, we produce them here". He tells me farming out in the open has become nearly impossible, due to increasing temperatures and erratic rainfall. "Now, we can't even guess when is the right time to plant the potatoes. We try, but fail. The harvest frequently fails". The local Aymara name 'Walipini', translates as 'very well', because irrespective of the conditions outside, the Walipini maintains a stable microclimate inside. However, this is not some ancient Andean agricultural practice, but a technology developed just 25 years ago by a Swiss volunteer, Peter Iselli. Funded by a European development fund, Peter's mission was to explore new technologies that could ensure food security for this rural population. However, shortly after achieving his mission, of developing his first fully functioning Walipini, Peter tragically took his own life. His farm, along with his experimental Walipinis, were left to fall derelict. Farm 'For Sale' in the middle of nowhere When businessman Michael Gemio's car broke down in the middle of nowhere, he sought help from an abandoned-looking farmhouse. The only sign of life was a "For Sale" sign out the front. Little did he know at the time, that this would be the start of a remarkable journey for him and his family. Despite lacking any agricultural experience, the Gemio family decided to buy the farm in the then remote area of El Alto. They set to work, clearing out the numerous derelict structures scattered all over the farm. But it remained a mystery, what all these half built and buried buildings were for, until the neighbours came to visit. Some of the local farming families had been recruited by Peter Iselli, who they endearingly called, El Suizo, "The Swiss", to help in the structural development of the technology. Twenty years on, the Gemio family, with help from local agricultural engineer Héctor Vélez, have 18 working Walipinis on their farm; producing fruits, vegetables and salad leaves in abundance, whatever the weather. And thanks to the success of the Gemio family eco-farm, the technology spread across the Altiplano, with neighbours helping each other to set up their own Walipinis. How to build a Walipini Compared to conventional greenhouses, Walipinis are considerably cheaper and more effective for this part of the world. At 4000 metres above sea level, a regular greenhouse would not last long exposed to the strong winds and high UV radiation. Excavating the site is labour intensive, but it's a long term investment. Walipinis are also water efficient, but they still need a small supply. Drought and rising temperatures are already driving people away from these Bolivian highlands. However, for the Condo Apaza family, they still have access to a small stream that runs just above their land. Their Walipini continues to provide enough greens for a breakfast chard omelette, or lunchtime vegetable soup. Part of our series Taking the Temperature, which focuses on the battle against climate change and the people and ideas making a difference. This BBC series was produced with funding from the Skoll Foundation. Photos: Inma Gil and Kelvin Brown / Illustrations: Jilla Dastmalchi

एंडियन पठार या अल्टीप्लानो, दुनिया के सबसे बड़े और सबसे ऊंचे पठारों में से एक है। अपनी फसलों को सूखे, अचानक आई बाढ़ और बढ़ते तापमान से बचाने के लिए बोलिविया के किसान भूमिगत हो रहे हैं।


What the SAS tests inquest revealed

Summary: After four weeks of evidence, the coroner overseeing the inquest into the deaths of three soldiers taking part in a SAS selection march in 2013, has retired to consider her verdict. Over the past month, we have heard in detail from relatives, soldiers and medics who were on the Brecon Beacons, even the man in overall charge of the UK's Special Forces. In a selection test for the SAS, recruits of course know they will be pushed to their limits. But as we await the answer to the question about whether or not things could have been done differently that day, here are some answers to some questions on what we have heard so far.

By Paul HeaneyBBC News What exercise were they taking part in exactly? A 16-mile march, over and around Pen Y Fan in Brecon Beacons National Park on 13 July 2013. Five checkpoints, a few miles apart, designed to test candidates are well enough to continue. To pass, candidates had to complete route within 8hr 45 mins - it was hottest day of 2013 in that area. March part of "test week" - the culmination of around six months of training to join a reserve unit of the SAS. How did the men find themselves in trouble? L/Cpl Craig Roberts: 1515 BST, another soldier said he pushed his emergency "man down" alarm on tracking device each soldier carried. He had collapsed from heat exhaustion, not far from the finish line but his position from the tracker was not received until 15:37. Instructors arrived at 16:00, ambulance called, CPR administered. L/Cpl Edward Maher: Tracker showed he stopped moving around 14:16; instructors did not notice until 16:10 - nearly two hours later. Located shortly before 17:00 BST, no pulse, signs of rigor mortis present. Cpl James Dunsby: Tracker showed he stopped moving at 15:20 but no one noticed until around an hour later. Found unconscious but still breathing. Taken to nearby Prince Charles Hospital but died 17 days later. Post mortems concluded all three men were found to have suffered hyperthermia - where the body no longer controls core temperature. Why didn't someone notice the men had stopped moving? Soldier 1C was in charge of monitoring the computer screen back at the command vehicle, which plotted students progress. The coroner remarked that he "couldn't really give an explanation for why he didn't notice the men weren't moving". 1C said Ed Maher was: "en route, his timing was good, the DS (directing staff) didn't let us know about problems with any other students… I can't concentrate on one specific student because we've got other students that are tired, fatigued that I've got to keep an eye on too." He said James Dunsby was also "covering good distance downhill" that "nobody said he was under any kind of duress". To be able to see if a student had been static, 1C said he had to click on one of 78 individual dots or "pings" on the screen. He added "trying to remember everyone's pings is quite hard". He had been monitoring the screen with breaks for nine hours and it was the first time he had used the system on that particular march. Were the soldiers given strict training before hand? A commanding officer of one of the reserve units (9L), said reservists completed 35 days (seven working weeks) of training specifically for test week. That included 14 marches, several weekends on the mountains and a 60km hike. He described the preparation as being "easily comparable to the training that regulars do". Candidates had to pass a series of other fitness exercises in order to progress to the test week. However, several witnesses claimed that reservists seemed to be "not as well acclimatised" or "conditioned" as the full-time, regular soldiers. 9L said: "I think it's very easy to look back in hindsight at this incident and attribute the fact they didn't [train] in the same way as the regulars and attribute that to what happened. "I think it's fair to say we could not have seen this accident beforehand, if we could, we would have made changes." Has the training been changed now? Reservist training training has since been amended so that reservists receive exactly the same build-up training as regular soldiers now. Army officers were considering changing the training in the weeks before the men died, but was not been seen as urgent. The overall Director of Special Forces at the time (known to the inquest as EE), said reservists had historically had the same training as regulars and he was unaware and "surprised" to learn it had been changed. He said: "I think the individuals were insufficiently conditioned and prepare for the test they confronted." Were the conditions that day to blame? Most soldiers taking part in the test that day felt heat was not going to be an issue but the man responsible for risk assessment that day (1A) said he was unaware, at the time, of official MoD guidance on heat exhaustion. It states that if one soldier succumbs to the heat it could be a sign that others are at risk and consideration should be given to halting the exercise. It also states that readings for humidity, wind speed and radiation should be considered as part of how much stress the conditions would put on candidates. Prof George Havenith, an expert in human thermal physiology, felt the three men would have survived had they been withdrawn from the exercise at their final checkpoint, after other soldiers had suffered heat illness earlier in the day. Were there enough medics? One medic on duty that day (1U) said he had previously raised concerns about a lack of medics but did not raise this concerns with the Signals regiment who were conducting the exercise that day. He said it "just wasn't an option - we just didn't have them… it's been an issue for several years". The director of Special Forces at the time said it was not the fault of instructors on checkpoints that the three men died, but admitted: "Further medical provision would have been ideal and may well have saved three lives. "Undoubtedly people continued on that march long after it was safe to do so, whether that is a result of people on those checkpoints….I can't really speculate. It's also right that heat illness can come on very rapidly." Soldier 1B, in charge of the exercise that day, said "it was not in his thought process" that soldiers were struggling, and most seemed to be doing well until later in the afternoon. Aren't tough conditions part of the test? Did anyone else become unwell? A total of seven soldiers suffered heat related injury that day including the three men who died. Some were seriously ill in hospital but recovered. Heat expert Prof George Havenith said "alarm bells" should have been ringing that day and staff did not fully appreciate the risks. "My personal view is that if you do exercises like this where you know your going to drive people to the limit, then it's imperative you have an understanding of the consequences," he said. He felt the three men would have survived had they been withdrawn from the exercise at their final checkpoint, in accordance with official MoD guidance on heat injuries. According to witnesses called by the MoD it was a test of how candidates cope in the conditions as well as individual fitness levels. Soldier 9F, the training officer for the full time candidates, said: "It's fundamental that individuals take responsibility for themselves because this is not routine training, this is a voluntary course that they spend years preparing themselves for mentally and physically. "It's arduous by its very nature… because we're asking them to do significantly more than basic training." The director of special forces at the time said the candidates "pushed themselves beyond their ability to endure". Have changes been made since? Improvements ordered to the tracking system have yet to be fully implemented but will be by the end of this year. A new function to accurately tell instructors if a soldier becomes static will be added at a cost of at least £1.5m. The army says that reservists hoping to join an SAS unit now receive the same training as full time, regular soldiers. What could the inquest mean for the Army - what happens next? The inquest is not about apportioning blame, it is a fact-finding exercise to establish the circumstance of the three men's deaths. Its conclusion, following four weeks of evidence, is expected next month. That could be in the form of a narrative verdict, which sets out the facts surrounding the death in more detail, explaining the reasons for the decision. It could also rule that neglect was a factor in the deaths, under article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights, if it is felt the State or "its agents" have "failed to protect the deceased against a human threat or other risk". The coroner, Louise Hunt, could also issue a preventing further deaths report. It gives the respondent 56 days to explain what actions will be taken, or an explanation as to why no action will be take to prevent future similar deaths. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the MoD have been keeping a "watching brief" over the evidence given at this inquest and have not ruled out considering further prosecutions. One possibility to do this would be under the Armed Forces Act 2006 if it is felt that soldiers operating the exercise had carried out their roles "negligently". Some witnesses were reminded that they did not have to answer questions put to them at the inquest if they felt it would incriminate them. At least two soldiers exercised that right. There has been no indication yet from the families of the men whether they would take civil action against the MoD as a result of the deaths of their loved ones.

चार सप्ताह के साक्ष्य के बाद, 2013 में एस. ए. एस. चयन मार्च में भाग लेने वाले तीन सैनिकों की मौत की जांच की देखरेख करने वाला मृत्यु समीक्षक अपने फैसले पर विचार करने के लिए सेवानिवृत्त हो गया है। पिछले एक महीने में, हमने रिश्तेदारों, सैनिकों और चिकित्सकों से विस्तार से सुना है जो ब्रेकन बीकन पर थे, यहां तक कि यू. के. के विशेष बलों के समग्र प्रभारी भी। एस. ए. एस. के लिए एक चयन परीक्षण में, रंगरूट निश्चित रूप से जानते हैं कि उन्हें अपनी सीमा तक धकेल दिया जाएगा। लेकिन जब हम इस सवाल के जवाब की प्रतीक्षा कर रहे हैं कि क्या उस दिन चीजें अलग तरह से की जा सकती थीं या नहीं, तो यहां कुछ सवालों के जवाब दिए गए हैं जो हमने अब तक सुने हैं।