Art in 2020: The exhibitions hotlist

Summary: Let's start in Bath at the Holburne museum, for an exhibition of Grayson Perry's early work in a show with the Adrian Mole-ish subtitle, The Pre-Therapy Years. Should be good. Planning for it started with a public appeal in 2018 to source the Turner Prize-winning potter's early ceramic works made between 1982 and the mid-1990s.

By Will GompertzArts editor The artist visited and inspected the haul, sorted the fakes from the legit originals, added some pieces from his own collection and "hey presto!" Showtime begins on 24 January, running until 25 May. Further west, down on the south coast in Plymouth, a major new cultural space will open in the Spring. The Box describes itself as "a museum for the 21st Century" and will mix collection displays with temporary exhibitions ranging from the latest contemporary art to a celebration of the Mayflower's 400th anniversary. Even further west is the city of Galway in Ireland, which is taking up the mantle as European Capital of Culture 2020. For its year-long celebration, Galway is using the old Celtic calendar with four distinct seasons: Imbolc, Bealtaine, Lughnasa, and Samhain. It starts in February with a "fiery, festive" opening ceremony and ends in January 2021 with a Lumiere Galway closing event. Sandwiched in between will be a packed programme put together by artists who embody the spirit of the city. From west to east, and to Kettle's Yard in Cambridge. This intimate, homely gallery space has been in splendid form of late, and looks set to continue its purple patch into 2020. Starting with Linderism on 15 February, an exhibition dedicated to the work of Linder Sterling, an artist who made her name as a Manchester graduate in the mid-70s. Having attended that legendary Sex Pistols gig at the Lesser Free Trade Hall in June 1976, her jigsaw puzzle photomontage artworks became synonymous with the punk movement. Expect to see her cover for the Buzzcocks' Orgasm Addict album together with more recent performance pieces. Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino - that's Raphael to you and me - didn't have a punky bone in his body. He was the grand master of the High Renaissance who died at just 37 years-old having expended too much energy chasing ladies. That was 500 years ago, a landmark that will be celebrated with a major - and unmissable - retrospective at the National Gallery in London starting in October. If you simply can't wait to see his magnificent work, then it's off to Rome with you in the Spring to see the Raphael show to end all Raphael shows at the Scuderie del Quirinale. When in Rome… think about hitch-hiking to Ghent in Belgium for a once-in-a-lifetime exhibition of the great master of the Early Northern Renaissance. There are only around 20 extant works by Jan van Eyck, over half of which will be on display at the Museum of Fine Arts. The star exhibit will be the restored outer panels of The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb, otherwise known as the Ghent Altarpiece. If you like art, you'll love this show. Rembrandt had his big anniversary last year, marked by a sensational show at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, which celebrated the work of the Golden Age painter. If you didn't get there then all is not lost, your FOMO can be tempered by a visit to the Ashmolean museum in Oxford this spring for its Young Rembrandt show, imported from the Dutch master's home town of Leiden. If your taste leans towards the ultra-modern, then maybe plan an autumn visit to Cardiff and the National Museum Wales for the bi-annual Artes Mundi. It is rapidly overtaking the Turner Prize as the most vital award for the art of our time, and this year has a shortlist of six exceptional international artists selected from more than 500 nominations that covered 60 countries. Another group show well worth noting is We Will Walk at the Turner Contemporary Gallery in Margate. It opens in February, and will feature pieces by 20 African American artists who were working in the 1950s and 60s in or around Alabama where they were shaping and responding to the Civil Rights movement. If you're after something completely different but utterly wonderful, the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art has the exhibition for you in May. Ray Harryhausen was a pioneering, brilliant special effects film-maker whose credits include movie masterpieces such as Jason and the Argonauts and One Million Years BC. His work inspired Peter Jackson, Steven Spielberg and many other leading directors - it will inspire you too, when you see his designs and creations laid out before you in glass cases and picture frames. If magical worlds of make-believe are your bag, then you're in for a treat down at the V&A museum in London, which has a summer exhibition dedicated to the art and artefacts connected to Lewis Carroll's classic fantasy novel Alice in Wonderland. That's not the only blockbuster in the capital in 2020. Big hitters Titian (National Gallery) and Andy Warhol (Tate Modern) will be slugging it out for your attention in March. I'd go to both. In fact, why not take the day off and pop over to Tate Britain to see an early career exhibition of one of the best painters working today, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye. Other delights coming to London in 2020 include a show in April dedicated to the magnificent baroque painter Artemisia Gentileschi (National Gallery) at the same time as the British Museum is exploring Tantras, sacred Indian texts from the 6th Century. And, in June, the one-and-only Marina Abramovic (Royal Academy) will be in-da-house staging a full retrospective of her performance art masterpieces. And finally, why not finish the year in style, with a visit to the Design Museum in Kensington, which will be hosting an exhibition dedicated to the life and work of the fashion superstar Miuccia Prada. Happy new year.

आइए होलबर्न संग्रहालय के बाथ में एड्रियन मोल-इश उपशीर्षक, द प्री-थेरेपी इयर्स के साथ एक शो में ग्रेसन पेरी के शुरुआती काम की प्रदर्शनी के लिए शुरुआत करें। इसके लिए योजना बनाना 2018 में टर्नर पुरस्कार विजेता कुम्हार के 1982 और 1990 के दशक के मध्य के बीच बनाए गए शुरुआती चीनी मिट्टी के काम के स्रोत के लिए एक सार्वजनिक अपील के साथ शुरू हुआ।


Raised in the UK - barred from university

Summary: The difficulties faced by the children of migrant families brought up in the UK have been described as a potential "second Windrush-style scandal". It's often not until they are finishing school that they realise they are not British citizens and do not have the same rights as the children they've grown up with.

By Ione Wells and Emma CloseBBC News A few years apart and in different London schools, Hanna and Michael were both filling in their Ucas forms when they realised that something was wrong. "I remember sitting in the computer room," says Michael. "We were all sitting together, everyone's applying, you're excited, putting in your details, trying to decide what uni you want to go to and thinking about the little things that really don't matter like what clubs are at the uni, what accommodation you're going to stay in, what food you're going to eat, what you're going to do. "That was when it first hit me. They were asking for these documents and I couldn't provide those documents. I couldn't. There was no way for me to get them." A high-achieving pupil at his school in East London, he'd assumed he'd be able to study computer science at university and "hopefully become as rich as Bill Gates one day", although he'd been aware that other children had enjoyed greater opportunities. "Growing up we just didn't do certain things, didn't travel. Didn't go on school trips. I think I just thought we couldn't afford it. At the back of my mind I think I had an inkling of it - that this could be an issue. I didn't really think about it - just a 14-year-old, 15-year-old, it's not something you think about." Michael is the child of Nigerian parents who brought him to the UK when he was 12. As he grew up, his memories of his early years in Nigeria faded and he gradually became a Londoner. "It was like any young person's life, you know, go to school, go home, chill with friends." They all played the same computer games and had similar aspirations to study and get well-paid jobs. The difference was that - as Michael realised while filling in his Ucas form, in 2015 - he wasn't a British citizen, he wasn't a refugee and he didn't have indefinite leave to remain. He soon discovered that he could apply for limited leave to remain - an immigration status that would allow him to legally stay in the UK for a period of time - but he would need to get it, and then wait. Applicants for student finance need to have had lawful status in the UK for at least three years before the start of the academic year when their course begins. You can apply for limited leave to remain on the basis of your private life in the UK if: The application currently costs about £10,000 over 10 years. You can register as British if you were born in the UK and have lived here for 10 years - this costs £1,000. Five years earlier, Hanna had experienced something similar. Also from a Nigerian family, she had wanted to study finance and accounting and was "really, really excited" as she started considering universities in Scotland and Wales. "I felt like London was getting a bit small - time to go to another part of the UK," she says. But then she hit the same brick wall as Michael, and came to realise the invisible difference between her and her friends at further education college. "You become British without actually having the British citizenship. Being in the UK, you've watched the same stuff as they have, you've grown up in the same environment as they have, and then suddenly it's like the government going, 'OK, unfortunately, you've experienced all of that and it doesn't really matter.'" In fact, Hanna's situation was much less secure than Michael's. Michael arrived in the country at the age of 12, and will therefore have been in the country for more than half his life by the time he is 25 - it was this fact that enabled him to apply for leave to remain. Hanna, however, was a few months older than Michael when she arrived in the UK. She was already 13, so would not have lived in the country for half her life on her 25th birthday, and was not eligible for leave to remain. Young and undocumented Research by the University of Wolverhampton has estimated that there are 332,000 undocumented children and young people living in the UK, of whom 133,000 are in London. They are unable to access public funds such as Universal Credit or child benefit. Those over the age of 18 also face the threat of deportation. London Mayor Sadiq Khan called on the Theresa May government two years ago to "act now to avoid a second Windrush-style scandal". To mark Windrush Day on Monday, he called on ministers to reduce immigration and citizenship fees, and to increase funding for advice and support. "In these uncertain times, it is a national disgrace that hundreds of thousands of young Londoners, whose dreams have already been put on hold by Covid-19, are living in fear of deportation and being denied the chance to secure their future," he said in a statement to the BBC. "These young people, many of whom were born in the UK, are often unable to access higher education or work, to rent a home or open a bank account, and their numbers are set to grow dramatically when Britain completes its exit from the EU in less than six months' time." Two days after becoming prime minister, Boris Johnson said: "I think that our arrangements, in theoretically being committed to the expulsion of perhaps half a million people who do not have the correct papers, and who may have been living and working here for many, many years without being involved in any criminal activity at all - I think that legal position is anomalous. We saw the difficulties that that kind of problem occasioned in the Windrush fiasco." The Home Office told the BBC: "There are routes available for undocumented children in this situation who have lived here for most of their lives and made the UK their home. Support is available and we would urge them to contact us so that we can help them obtain the right documentation." In limbo after leaving school, Michael spent his time volunteering, mainly with a youth club and community centre in his area. After securing limited leave to remain last year, he started working in a bar, waiting for his chance to study. He won't be eligible for student finance for another two years. But a few weeks ago he received some good news - he has won a university scholarship and will be able to start his computer science degree in the autumn. While studying, he will still have to earn money somehow, in order to extend his leave to remain. He'll have to reapply for legal status every two-and-a-half years for 10 years, paying £2,000 each time. Only then will he be eligible for indefinite leave to remain. "If you haven't got the money to reapply at any point, even if you're right at the end and you just can't get the money to reapply, you basically lose those years you built up already, and you have got to start again from the very beginning," Michael says. "That means at any point you can lose rights to stay - your rights to work, your rights to travel, everything basically. The amount you've worked towards, the amount you've paid. It's all gone." Hanna's position is more precarious still. She's not allowed to work so she relies on friends and relatives to support her financially. She avoids contact with officialdom for fear of deportation. While she trusts her GP - a service available whatever your immigration status - she couldn't have surgery without paying and says she'd be wary of going to a coronavirus testing centre. "If the government decided to roll it out and make it compulsory for everyone, I've been thinking - how are they going to do it? Are you going to go in and give an ID? Or go in without having to bring ID? I have been a bit worried about that…" When she sees police officers on the street, her strategy is to play it cool, and give them a smile. "If you kind of stop and turn around it looks like you've got something to hide. So just being extra cheerful and making it look like, 'Oh, look I got no worries,' that way they don't stop and search you," she says. Where to get help Coram Children's Legal Centre Project for the Registration of Children as British Citizens We Belong Law Centres Network Citizens Advice Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants Advice Local Advice Now All the time, Hanna is carefully gathering proof of her presence in the UK, because when she can prove she has lived in the UK continuously for 20 years she will be eligible for leave to remain. She arrived at 13, she is now 27. There are six years to go. "When I was in a further education college, I had dreams. I wanted to travel, I'm a sponge so I wanted to take all these things in. Everyone dreams like, 'Oh in two years' time I want to be doing this, in three years' time I want to be doing this.' And then five years have passed and you're thinking: 'OK, I just want to make it to tomorrow now,'" she says. On Facebook she sees her former fellow students getting good jobs and moving on with their lives in a way she can only dream of. But despite everything, she's hopeful. "I'm really really, really hopeful for the future because I've got nothing else but hope." The names Michael and Hanna are pseudonyms Illustrations by Tom Humberstone The Next Episode podcast also includes the story of Dajay Brown, a young actor, who moved to London at the age of two with his father. As his 18th birthday approached, the council threatened them with eviction from the single hostel room they shared. Shortly after his birthday, with the help of a community care lawyer. he was granted British citizenship and was able to apply to drama school. But then, a year later, his father was deported - this podcast will appear soon on BBC Sounds. You may also be interested in: Angel fled Zimbabwe in fear of her life after police found her in bed with another woman five years ago. It's taken most of the time since then for her to convince the Home Office that she is gay and will be persecuted if she returns. But how do you prove something you spent your life trying to hide? 'How do I convince the Home Office I'm a lesbian?'

ब्रिटेन में पले-बढ़े प्रवासी परिवारों के बच्चों के सामने आने वाली कठिनाइयों को एक संभावित "दूसरा विंडरश-शैली का घोटाला" के रूप में वर्णित किया गया है। यह अक्सर तब तक नहीं होता जब तक कि वे स्कूल खत्म नहीं कर लेते हैं कि उन्हें एहसास होता है कि वे ब्रिटिश नागरिक नहीं हैं और उनके पास उन बच्चों के समान अधिकार नहीं हैं जिनके साथ वे बड़े हुए हैं।


Nut curry death: Mohammed Zaman continued selling dangerous meals

Summary: Indian takeaway owner Mohammed Zaman, who has been found guilty of the manslaughter of a customer with a nut allergy, was still selling "nut-free" curries containing peanuts on the day after the tragedy, trading standards officers have said.

Paul Wilson, 38, died after ordering a chicken tikka masala from the Indian Garden restaurant, in Easingwold, North Yorkshire, on 30 January 2014. The father-of-one suffered a severe anaphylactic shock after eating a small amount of curry despite his order clearly stating "no nuts". The next day a trading standards investigator went to the premises and asked for a nut free meal. Tests revealed that meal contained a "sizeable amount" of ground peanuts comparable to the levels found in Mr Wilson's lethal curry. Police said this was one of a string of examples of Zaman's "blatant disregard for public safety" and his interest in putting profit before customers. Teesside Crown Court heard the 52-year-old, of Aylesham Court, Huntington, was almost £300,000 in debt and employed illegal workers in his takeaway. He had been substituting the thickening agent almond powder with ground nut mix, which contained peanuts, as a way of cutting costs. Despite warnings from his supplier of the risk to allergic customers, Zaman, who owns six restaurants, continued to flout advice and use the less costly ingredient without warning people. Less than a month before Mr Wilson's death, student Ruby Scott suffered a similar allergic reaction after eating what was supposed to be a nut free chicken korma from another of Zaman's restaurants in the town. After eating a spoonful of the meal, the 17-year-old's face and throat became swollen and she was covered in hives. She was saved after being taken to hospital and treated with steroids. Her mother said when she challenged restaurant staff at the Jaipur Spice restaurant, they denied using peanuts and said their curries only contained almonds. An investigation was started by trading standards and - one week before Mr Wilson died - an officer found potentially deadly amounts of peanuts in a supposedly peanut free meal at the restaurant. Officers then warned Zaman about the dangers. Trading standards officer Rob Blacklock said: "They were just totally slack about what they were doing in the business because I guess they thought nothing like that would ever happen. "If you go to a restaurant, you don't expect to die from eating a meal. It's important owners have the right procedures, buy the right ingredients and employ the right staff to make up the meals." Police said that Zaman's actions of "cutting corners" meant that Mr Wilson, a pub manager and chef, died despite being meticulous in protecting himself from his nut allergy. He was diagnosed with the condition aged seven, having had a severe reaction after eating a chocolate bar containing nuts. Throughout his life he had avoided all nuts as a matter of course. His father Keith Wilson said: "He would not have peanuts anywhere near him. If he went out for a drink and there were peanuts on the bar he'd ask them to be moved or he'd move away because his lips would start swelling." The family recalled the last conversation with their son, just hours before he was found dead in the bathroom of his home in Helperby, North Yorkshire. Mrs Wilson said: "His last words were I love you both and I'll talk tomorrow." Det Insp Shaun Page, from North Yorkshire Police, said Zaman's lack of remorse throughout the case had been striking. "He had no regard for customer safety. What came first was his back pocket and profit. He did everything he could to save money and Paul paid the ultimate price for that."

व्यापार मानक अधिकारियों ने कहा है कि भारतीय सामान ले जाने वाले मोहम्मद जमान, जिन्हें अखरोट से एलर्जी वाले एक ग्राहक की हत्या का दोषी पाया गया है, त्रासदी के अगले दिन भी मूंगफली युक्त "अखरोट मुक्त" करी बेच रहे थे।


Q&A: Care home closures

Summary: The UK's biggest care home operator, Southern Cross, is to close. Landlords owning all 752 of Southern's homes said they wanted to leave the group.

In a statement, Southern Cross said the landlords were committed to providing continuity of care to its 31,000 residents. The process of transferring homes to landlords is under way. Southern Cross expects all homes to be transferred and the company to be wound up by the end of the year. The government says it will ensure there is protection for anyone affected by changes to the business - saying the welfare of residents is its "number one concern". The plight of Southern Cross underlines the financial difficulties in the care home market, and fears about closures remain. So what are residents' rights if homes do shut?

ब्रिटेन के सबसे बड़े देखभाल गृह संचालक, सदर्न क्रॉस को बंद करना है। सदर्न के सभी 752 घरों के मालिक मकान मालिकों ने कहा कि वे समूह छोड़ना चाहते हैं।


Jamaica divided on role of Christopher 'Dudus' Coke

Summary: With the sentencing by a US court of Jamaican drug lord Christopher "Dudus" Coke, who has pleaded guilty to racketeering, the BBC's Nick Davis reports from Kingston, where he covered the fierce fighting ahead of Coke's arrest two years ago.

Tivoli Gardens is a concrete inner city housing complex built in the 1960s, close to Kingston's waterfront. Heavily armed police stand guard at one entrance to the community, and there is a military outpost near another way in - a visible sign that things will never be the same again. You can still see the bullet holes from the state of emergency on the facades of some of the low-rise apartment blocks. In May 2010, the hustle and bustle of central Kingston was replaced by gunfire as armed gangs barricaded the area and confronted the security forces. More than 70 people, many of them local, died in the military operation to capture Christopher "Dudus" Coke . 'Like Iraq' In the stairwell of a building, a group of men playing dominoes describe what happened. "The soldiers shot me, twice in the leg I got hit," says one man. "It was like Afghanistan, like Iraq," says another. Across the road, there is a similar scene: a group of women are playing cards for cash. As they deal, they shout praise for Dudus. He clearly still has a lot of support in Tivoli. Under his control, the area was a state within a state. People here never paid for electricity, as the power company staff did not dare to come in and disconnect the illegal supplies. "He made sure I stayed out of trouble and paid for my schooling. He was even going to pay for me to go to pilot school," one teenager says. Another says: "He was like my father, I hope they let him come back soon." Built to house supporters of the Jamaica Labour Party, Tivoli Gardens is a "garrison community", an area where politicians had formed alliances with local gang leaders to ensure the population's total support at the polls. Dudus inherited Tivoli from his father, who was the "Don", or crime boss, here. He poured money into the community through the lucrative construction contracts he won from the government and from crime. For those who lived in the area it was safe. Rape and burglary were said to be rare. Police statistics suggest it has one of the lowest crime rates in Kingston and the surrounding area. But a few miles up the road, in New Kingston, the commercial district of the capital, there is little support for Dudus, especially as his imprisonment led to a dramatic fall in crime. "I was for the incursion [into Tivoli Gardens] and it was good for Jamaica because it has boost our morale and our economy has gone up", says one man. "Since he was taken, crime has fallen so much". "Insecurity in Tivoli Gardens has to be balanced up against improved security in the rest of Jamaica. Tivoli Gardens had become a safe haven for criminals, not only members of the Shower Posse [run by Coke], but for criminals island-wide," says Peter Bunting, National Security Minister. Jamaica has been battling crime for decades, but the figures have been trending downwards in the last couple of years. Murders peaked at more than 1,600 killings in 2009, but had fallen to an eight-year low in 2011. But with more than 250 criminal gangs operating on the island, violent crime is still a big problem. New hiding places On the outskirts of Spanish Town, a joint police and military operation earlier this year saw suspects, overwhelmingly young men, being rounded up and taken into custody. This has long been the main hotspot for gang crime in Jamaica, but as the soldiers searched homes and flushed out the criminals, they found new hiding places in rural areas like Linstead - a traditional farming community an hour and a half out of Kingston. Crime was unheard of here before, but is a growing problem as the gangs target the countryside. "We used to wonder at times what crime was like. We used to hear it on the news. Now we are experiencing it for ourselves and our lives have drastically changed," says Richard Williams, whose home has been broken into repeatedly. "People here must know the gunmen, so we have our part to play. We need to start passing on information to the relevant authorities and then we'll see this get better." Extortion and arson are now a problem in these communities and the job of dealing with them belongs to Jamaica's commissioner of police. "The gangs are adaptable and flexible and when they're under pressure in one area they will move to another - this is not unique to Jamaica, it's all over the world. It's something as a country we have to deal with," says Commissioner Owen Ellington. Jamaica's government says it wants to lower crime from 41 murders for every 100,000 Jamaicans to 12 per 100,000 in the next five years. It will be a major job. People here are aware that Christopher "Dudus" Coke will be spending a long time in jail, but hope Jamaica's battle against its criminals does not take even longer.

जमैका के ड्रग लॉर्ड क्रिस्टोफर "डुडस" कोक की अमेरिकी अदालत द्वारा सजा सुनाए जाने के साथ, जिसने रैकेटियरिंग के लिए दोषी ठहराया है, बीबीसी के निक डेविस किंग्स्टन से रिपोर्ट करते हैं, जहाँ उन्होंने दो साल पहले कोक की गिरफ्तारी से पहले भीषण लड़ाई को कवर किया था।


India air pollution: Will Gujarat's 'cap and trade' programme work?

Summary: Air pollution contributed to the deaths of at least 1.2 million Indians in 2017 - but a unique pilot scheme to combat air pollution in the western state of Gujarat could prove to be a model for the rest of the country. The BBC spoke to experts to find out more about the world's first ever such experiment.

The concentration of tiny particulate matter (known as PM2.5) in India is eight times the World Health Organization's standard. These particles are so tiny that they can enter deep into the lungs and make people susceptible to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, making them extremely deadly. Air pollution in India is caused by fumes from cooking on wood or dung indoors in villages, and a combination of traffic exhaust, soot and construction dust and factory emissions in the cities. Now Gujarat has launched the world's first "cap and trading" programme to curb particulate air pollution. Put simply, the government sets a cap on emissions and allows factories to buy and sell permits to stay below the cap. It is being launched in the dense, industrial city of Surat, where textile and dye factories are a major source of pollution. Since 2011, local pollution control authorities have been working on the impact of emissions trading in Surat, along with the University of Chicago and Harvard University. How will this programme work? The basic commodity in the emissions trading system is particulate matter, which is emitted by industries through their smoke stacks. Under the emissions trading system, industries must hold a permit for each unit of particulate that they emit, and must comply with the prescribed standard of 150 milligrams per cubic metre of particulate matter released in the atmosphere. Although industries can trade permits among themselves, the total quantity of these permits are fixed, so that air pollution standards are met. For example, an industry that finds it inexpensive to decrease emissions is likely to over-comply with the standards - this would allow them to sell its excess permits to another industry that finds it more expensive to decrease emissions. Both industries benefit by reducing their total costs of compliance, while the total emissions are held constant. Importantly, this trading system gives firms an incentive to find ways to reduce emissions because they are able to sell any extra reductions to other firms. These incentives have been shown to prompt firms to innovate so that they find new and inexpensive ways to reduce their emissions. This standard will be used to set the overall emissions from all the industries that are participating in the pilot programme. Why is this programme being implemented in Surat? Michael Greenstone, economist and director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago (EPIC), says the programme in Surat is a result of a multi-year process that his institute has been working on with the Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) over the last four years. In 2015, the environment ministry ordered 17 highly polluting industries - such as pulp and paper, distillery, sugar, tanneries, power plants, and iron and steel - to mandatorily install continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) devices. They are a network of sensors installed in factories that send live readings of pollution emitted through their smoke stacks. In the first phase of experiment, some 170 industries installed the devices, which cost anywhere between $2,500 and $7,000 (£2,000-£5,600). "We worked with GPCB and the industries extensively on how to understand and use this data for regulation," Dr Greenstone says. "In the Gujarat experiment, we are working with textile, paper and sugar manufacturing industries." Can this programme be scaled up in a country as vast as India? The state's pollution board set this up as a pilot so that whatever is learnt here can be applied to help the operation of the market, says Dr Greenstone. If successful, there will be a strong case for expanding this regulatory approach to other parts of Gujarat and other states in India. "Particulate air pollution is shortening lives in India, so if the pilot is successful there is a terrific opportunity for a win-win by scaling up emissions trading in order to reduce industries' compliance costs and to improve air quality which would ultimately [improve] people's health," he adds. Will this ambitious programme work? Siddharth Singh, energy expert and author of The Great Smog of India, says the emissions trading scheme has the potential to work. "Firstly, unlike in other countries, emission trading schemes are not a politically sensitive topic, so it could quietly be tested and scaled up if it proves to be successful. Secondly, India has some experience in running a similar scheme." India's Bureau of Energy Efficiency has been running a programme to improve industrial energy efficiency. It targets some 500 large users of energy across India and encourages trade in energy efficiency certificates. This has led to decreased energy use and emissions, as well as cost savings. "India is only testing the trading programme at the state level," he adds. "There is nothing to lose here, even if the pilot fails. But if it succeeds, it could be scaled up and prove to be a great policy tool to address particulate air pollution in India."

वायु प्रदूषण ने 2017 में कम से कम 12 लाख भारतीयों की मौतों में योगदान दिया-लेकिन पश्चिमी राज्य गुजरात में वायु प्रदूषण से निपटने के लिए एक अनूठी पायलट योजना देश के बाकी हिस्सों के लिए एक मॉडल साबित हो सकती है। बीबीसी ने दुनिया के पहले ऐसे प्रयोग के बारे में अधिक जानने के लिए विशेषज्ञों से बात की।


Welsh Lib Dem leader urges 'openness and tolerance'

Summary: The Liberal Democrats are the only party "fighting for openness, tolerance and unity", its Welsh leader will tell members in Wrexham later.

Ceredigion MP Mark Williams will claim the UK government has been taken over by "dogmatists who continue to stir up a climate of fear" over Brexit. Labour was failing to stand up for "our nation and communities", he will add. "There is a desperate need for liberals to stand up ... and fight for the values and beliefs that we hold dear."

लिबरल डेमोक्रेट्स एकमात्र पार्टी है जो "खुलेपन, सहिष्णुता और एकता के लिए लड़ रही है", इसके वेल्श नेता बाद में रेक्सम में सदस्यों को बताएंगे।


'Critical' assault near playing field in Stockton-on-Tees

Summary: A 46-year-old man is in a critical condition in hospital after being assaulted close to a green on a residential estate.

Police were called to reports of a "serious assault" at 10:00 BST. The man was airlifted from the scene on Cleatlam Close, in the Hardwick area of Stockton-on-Tees, to James Cook University Hospital in Middlesbrough. Cleveland Police have appealed for witnesses to contact them.

एक आवासीय संपत्ति पर हरे रंग के पास हमला किए जाने के बाद एक 46 वर्षीय व्यक्ति अस्पताल में गंभीर स्थिति में है।


Lanka military claims successes

Summary: The Sri Lankan military says it's carrying out searches in the north-east and is consolidating its hold after driving Tamil Tiger rebels from several positions since Thursday.

The military said the army had taken a further Tiger facility and had now captured two Tiger camps, a training facility and a rebel-run hospital, all north of the port of Trincomalee. It said troops inflicted heavy losses on the Tigers. A Tamil Tiger spokesman dismissed the military's statement as mostly propaganda, and said the Tigers had not been operating in that area recently.

श्रीलंकाई सेना का कहना है कि वह उत्तर-पूर्व में तलाशी ले रही है और गुरुवार से कई स्थानों से तमिल टाइगर विद्रोहियों को खदेड़ने के बाद अपनी पकड़ मजबूत कर रही है।


Brexit: Theresa May scores 'unconventional win'

Summary: When things seem confusing, make a list.

Laura KuenssbergPolitical editor@bbclaurakon Twitter Theresa May was heading for another defeat, but she ended up with an unconventional win - a win nonetheless. The Tory Party that was visibly split in two a fortnight ago is giving the impression of being largely united, even if that is temporary. Yet the prime minister only won because she gave into Brexiteer and DUP demands, by making a promise that she can't be sure she can keep - one the EU says at the moment is impossible. Parliament made it clear that it does not want to leave the EU without a deal. Right now, that's not something No 10 is willing to promise. But MPs could have made that demand more convincingly. Parliament had the option to vote to take control of the Brexit process if the government failed to get it sorted by the end of next month, and it did not. Again, former Remainers failed to coalesce around a single plan. And again, Theresa May has had to budge to keep Brexiteers on board. But that buys her a little more time, and a little more political momentum. This process has for a long time been about No 10 stumbling, often seriously, then getting up again to try to take another step. There is a valid question - to what end? Neither time nor momentum provides a solution on its own.

जब चीजें भ्रमित करने वाली लगें, तो एक सूची बनाएँ।


Cyclist dies after crash with Mercedes van in Edinburgh

Summary: A 36-year-old male cyclist has died following a crash involving a van in Edinburgh on Thursday morning.

The driver of the Mercedes Sprinter van was not injured and the cyclist has not yet been named at his family's request. Police Scotland has appealed for witnesses to the collision on Mount Vernon Road, at the Gilmerton Road junction, at about 08:45. The force has also appealed for anyone who may have dashcam footage to come forward.

गुरुवार की सुबह एडिनबर्ग में एक वैन की दुर्घटना में एक 36 वर्षीय पुरुष साइकिल चालक की मौत हो गई।


Trial date set for Bath man accused of neo-Nazi terror offences

Summary: A man from Bath is due to face trial in July charged with a string of terror offences relating to promoting and encouraging neo-Nazi terrorism.

Andrew Dymock, 22, appeared at the Old Bailey earlier on Friday. He was a university student at the time of the alleged offences. Mr Dymock was granted conditional bail ahead of a plea and trial preparation hearing due on 20 April. The trial has been provisionally fixed for 6 July at the same court. In all, Mr Dymock faces 15 charges:

बाथ के एक व्यक्ति पर जुलाई में नव-नाजी आतंकवाद को बढ़ावा देने और प्रोत्साहित करने से संबंधित आतंकवादी अपराधों की एक कड़ी के आरोप में मुकदमा चलाया जाना है।


Torture video prompts online race fight

Summary: A shocking, graphic video showing torture and racial abuse which was live-streamed on Facebook has provoked a highly-charged reaction on social media and a concerted effort by far-right activists to try to link the perpetrators to the Black Lives Matter movement.

By BBC TrendingWhat's popular and why In the video, the four assailants, who are black, use a knife to cut into the scalp of the victim, who is white. They can also be heard using slurs against white people and Donald Trump, and forcing the victim to repeat them. Police say the victim has "mental health challenges" and knew one of the suspects, and that they are investigating the incident as a possible hate crime. Follow us on Facebook Like BBC Trending's Facebook page Shortly after news of the attack broke, the hashtag #BLMKidnapping began trending on Twitter - a reference to the Black Lives Matter movement which began as protests over police shootings. Although on the videotape, the assailants don't use the phrase "Black Lives Matter", and police did not mention the movement in connection with the attacks, the incident prompted the launch of a politically-motivated hashtag campaign. It was given an initial boost by the conspiracy-minded right-wing site Infowars.com, and its "editor-at-large": Other key figures in the alt-right - a far-right movement that came to prominence along with the Trump campaign - picked up on the hashtag. Among the most influential tweeters under the hashtag were Mike Cernovich, a prominent backer of the "pizzagate" conspiracy theory, and Richard Spencer, head of the white nationalist National Policy Institute. Spencer was in the news after Donald Trump's election victory for egging on a crowd to celebrate the incoming president with a Nazi salute. There was some pushback against the far-right under the hashtag: But such sentiments were mostly drowned out in the more than 300,000 tweets posted in a matter of hours Thursday morning. Included in the messages were a number of fake mugshots and other false information about the alleged assailants and their social media accounts. More on this story: Four held over US live-streamed attack The Black Lives Matter movement, protesting police violence against African-Americans, has been particularly active in Chicago, where an alleged cover-up around the police shooting of black teenager Laquan McDonald has been just one incident activists have focused on over the past year. The city is also in the midst of a huge violent crime wave - 762 murders were recorded last year, more than in New York and Los Angeles combined. Blog by Mike Wendling Next story: Who was behind 'Queen is dead' conspiracy hoax? How did a social media hoax involving a rumour about a massive establishment cover-up get turned into a cryptic, but popular, campaign to bash the Western media?READ MORE You can follow BBC Trending on Twitter @BBCtrending, and find us on Facebook. All our stories are at bbc.com/trending.

यातना और नस्लीय दुर्व्यवहार दिखाने वाले एक चौंकाने वाले, ग्राफिक वीडियो, जिसे फेसबुक पर लाइव-स्ट्रीम किया गया था, ने सोशल मीडिया पर अत्यधिक आरोप लगाने वाली प्रतिक्रिया को उकसाया है और अपराधियों को ब्लैक लाइव्स मैटर आंदोलन से जोड़ने की कोशिश करने के लिए दूर-दराज़ कार्यकर्ताओं द्वारा एक ठोस प्रयास किया गया है।


How the shape of Scotland's Covid-19 outbreak is changing

Summary: First Minister Nicola Sturgeon says there is evidence Covid-19 is spreading much quicker among younger people, which is why hospital admissions have not risen at the same rate as case numbers. What can we tell about current infection rates among Scotland's population?

By Christopher SleightBBC Scotland news The coronavirus testing strategy has changed hugely in Scotland over the last few months, so care needs to be taken when analysing who is being infected. During the peak of the outbreak in Scotland, most of the people being tested were hospital admissions - essentially those who had become ill enough from the virus that they needed treatment. Those people tended to be older, because younger people weren't getting as sick. It's likely that many younger people were infected - but they simply weren't being tested. Antonia Ho, a consultant in infectious disease and viral epidemiologist at the University of Glasgow, says that widespread community testing means this is no longer the case, with much milder infections now being detected. "Proportionally more younger people are being tested now because they were never sick enough during the height of the pandemic to be tested," she says. Clearly, if you begin testing lots more young people, then more positive results will be found. But Dr Ho says it is possible to see the changing shape of the epidemic in Scotland by analysing the proportion of positive tests across different age groups. Doing this means it's possible to compare infection rates over the course of the outbreak, as it adjusts for the changing testing strategy. And this method shows that there are indeed a higher proportion of younger people testing positive when compared with older age groups. Using NHS Scotland data to work out the average rate of positive tests over the past seven days, the highest proportion is found in the 20-24 age group (4.1%). This is followed by the 15-19 age group, where 2.7% of tests were positive. This compares with 0.3% in the 85-plus age group and 0.7% for those aged between 75 and 84. Dr Ho believes older age groups are naturally going to be much more cautious, even as lockdown restrictions are eased, given the risk to them of being infected. This contrasts sharply with most younger people, she says. "Younger age groups have been cooped up for months on end and also perceive themselves as having less risk. There's also less social distancing than older groups," she says. These age groups are also much more likely to have larger social groups and, through work or socialising, come into contact with a wider group of people. It's worth nothing that these rates are still well down from the peak of the epidemic, when a 30%-50% positive test rate was routinely seen in the older age groups, with 20%-25% rates in younger groups too. This next chart uses broader age groups to make it easier to see the changes in infection rates over time. Dr Ho warns that the current pattern of infections could get even worse as we head into winter and more socialising takes place indoors, where the risk of infections being spread is higher. "Also young people live with older people, so potentially they can pass that infection onto their parents or grandparents," she says. What's happening with hospital admissions? At the peak of the outbreak in mid-April, there were more than 1,500 people in hospital being treated for Covid-19, with over 200 in intensive care. The numbers have been mainly declining since then and there have been relatively few new admissions to hospital since the beginning of June. Scotland's national clinical director, Jason Leitch, says this is a reflection of the fact that young people do not get as sick from coronavirus. But he says the current low rates of hospital admissions shouldn't be used as an excuse for complacency as some young people still become "very unwell" with the virus. "[New] people are being admitted to hospital with this disease," he told BBC Radio's Good Morning Scotland programme. "I've got a pal who's 41 - a very fit paramedic and he has been ill for three-and-a-half months... It's not to be trifled with. You should be cautious of it." What happens when winter flu season hits? Dr Ho says she has also seen evidence of young people seeing longer-term symptoms, even if their initial infection was mild. "Although young people tend to get less sick we're seeing increasing numbers of people reporting long-term symptoms like breathlessness or feeling very fatigued," she told BBC Scotland. And Dr Ho believes there could be further risks as the winter flu season approaches. She says influenza "overloads our hospital system" every year - and no-one knows yet what a flu-Covid co-infection could look like. "Potentially the [co-infection] could be very severe," Dr Ho says, adding that everyone should be getting a flu vaccine this year to help reduce the load on the NHS. "Everyone is praying for a Covid vaccine. But we already have a reasonably effective flu vaccine - so go and get it."

प्रथम मंत्री निकोला स्टर्जन का कहना है कि इस बात के प्रमाण हैं कि कोविड-19 युवा लोगों में बहुत तेजी से फैल रहा है, यही कारण है कि अस्पताल में भर्ती होने वालों की संख्या मामलों की संख्या के समान दर से नहीं बढ़ी है। हम स्कॉटलैंड की आबादी के बीच वर्तमान संक्रमण दर के बारे में क्या बता सकते हैं?


Van Morrison to play east Belfast festival

Summary: Legendary singer Van Morrison is to be the headline act at a festival in east Belfast, the area where he was born.

The East Belfast Arts Festival announced Morrison would play Aircraft Park on Saturday 8 September. A crowd of 8,000 is expected. The festival's website said: "We will have a full supporting bill, further acts will be confirmed in due course." It added that tickets were not yet on sale but the date of their release would be announced in the next week. The festival, which runs from 5 to 9 September, will take place in a number of venues across east Belfast. It will include art, literary and dance events. Morrsion was born in the Bloomfield area of east Belfast, the son of a shipyard electrician.

दिग्गज गायक वान मॉरिसन पूर्वी बेलफास्ट में एक उत्सव में मुख्य भूमिका निभाने वाले हैं, जहां उनका जन्म हुआ था।


Neutrino particle 'flips to all flavours'

Summary: An important breakthrough may be imminent in the study of neutrinos.

By Jonathan AmosScience correspondent, BBC News The multinational T2K project in Japan says it has seen indications in its data that these elementary particles can flip to any of their three types. The results are provisional because experiments had to be suspended in the wake of the Tohoku earthquake in March. But if confirmed, they would open the door to further research on why there is so much more matter than antimatter in our Universe. Theorists say the counterparts should have been created in equal amounts at the Big Bang, and should have annihilated each other. That normal matter now dominates the cosmos is a major puzzle. "It's a step on the road," explained Professor Dave Wark, of Imperial College London and the STFC's Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, which leads the UK involvement in T2K. "We want to address this asymmetry, but first we have to show that the different 'flavours' of neutrinos can spontaneously change into each other - something we call 'neutrino oscillation'. So far, our experiments have been very positive," he told BBC News. Detecting 'ghosts' Neutrinos are among the fundamental building blocks of matter. They swarm all about us. The Sun, for example, releases them in huge quantities when it fuses hydrogen to make helium - the raw nuclear process at its core. They are, however, very difficult to study because they interact so weakly with normal matter. Hence, their nickname - "ghost particles". Nonetheless, scientists have been able to discern three flavours - electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos, and tau neutrinos. Previous research has characterised two forms of oscillations. The T2K experiment has now seen hints for a third transformation - that of a muon neutrino turning into an electron neutrino. Side to side T2K is an extraordinary set-up built in two parts. At one end is the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Centre (J-Parc) on the country's east coast. It generates a beam of muon neutrinos that it fires under the ground for 295km to the mammoth Super-Kamiokande facility on the west coast. The Super-K, as it is sometimes called, is a tank of 50,000 tonnes of ultra-pure water surrounded by sensitive optical detectors. These photomultiplier tubes pick up the very rare, very faint flashes of light emitted when passing neutrinos interact with the water. In experiments this year that ran on T2K until the quake damaged equipment, scientists saw an excess of electron neutrinos turning up at Super-K. In other words, it appears the muon neutrinos sent from J-Parc had changed flavour in flight. The statistics are not big enough to claim a discovery, but it has the T2K collaboration excited and keen to get up and running again. Symmetry violation "The oscillations of neutrinos are governed by three angles which you can think of like pitch, yaw and roll for an aeroplane," explained Professor Wark. "In the past, we've measured pitch and yaw, but we had no sign that roll was different from zero. If these turn out to be real events, then we'll have shown that roll is not equal to zero." The missing angle is actually referred to as "theta-one-three". If it really does have a non-zero quantity, it opens the possibility that the oscillations of neutrinos and their antiparticles (antineutrinos) could be different. That would be an example of what physicists call CP violation and a potential explanation for why the normal matter and antimatter created at the Big Bang did not simply annihilate each other, but instead left an excess of normal matter. "There have to be some laws of physics we don't know about because all the laws we do know about cannot produce any significant excess of matter over antimatter. There are a number of places these laws could be hiding, and one of the most promising places to look is neutrinos," said Professor Wark. "But the first step has to be to prove that theta-one-three is not equal to zero. If it were then neutrinos and antineutrinos would have to oscillate the same way - there just aren't enough degrees of freedom to allow them to be different." Repairs at J-Parc should have the experiments gathering data again by the end of the year. Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk

न्यूट्रिनो के अध्ययन में एक महत्वपूर्ण सफलता आसन्न हो सकती है।


State of the Union: Can Joni Ernst avoid the rebuttal curse?

Summary: Republicans have chosen freshman Senator Joni Ernst to deliver their rebuttal to President Barack Obama's State of the Union address. But history shows the honour can be a double-edged sword for politicians looking to leap into the national spotlight.

By Debbie SiegelbaumBBC News, Washington The Republican Party has announced freshman Senator Joni Ernst will deliver the conservative rebuttal speech to President Barack Obama's upcoming State of the Union address, after less than one month on the job. For Republican strategist Katie Packer Gage, the decision was far from unexpected. "She is an up and coming rising star within the party," Gage told the BBC. "I'm not at all surprised they would go with somebody that's kind of a fresh face." Ernst burst onto the scene during the 2014 mid-term elections, gaining notoriety for a campaign ad in which she discussed castrating hogs on an Iowa farm, promising to "cut pork" in Washington if elected. She went on to become Iowa's first woman senator and the first female combat veteran to serve in the nation's highest Congressional chamber. For Lara Brown, programme director of George Washington University's Graduate School of Political Management, the decision to put Ernst front and centre on Tuesday night is a wise one. "They want to put her forward as a woman from essentially the heartland… a state really where the presidential race will kick off," she says. The selection of Ernst, 44, is also just the thing Republicans need to fight long-held public perceptions of their party, she adds. "It's a smart move," Brown explains. "[Republicans] have been under assault lately for both the war on women and for being really seen only as the party of white men." PR oppportunity Next week, experts say, the conservative party has a chance to change their image, laying out an agenda putting Obama and the Democrats on the defensive. "[Republicans] are trying to capitalise on all that [mid-term] energy and enthusiasm, and at the same time turn the election page and say 'It's time to get to work'," Brown says. But the rebuttal speech can be a very difficult needle to thread. The Republican Party does not know exactly what Obama will say in the State of the Union, aired immediately beforehand. Brown describes it as writing a speech in a vacuum, which poses significant - and perilous - challenges. "There's no doubt this is one of the toughest jobs in politics," she says. "I really don't think there is any more difficult position, especially if you're a newly elected official, to be in." The rebuttal format - giving a speech alone to a television camera - versus Obama's oration in front of an audience, has tripped up numerous Republican politicians in recent years. Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal and Florida Senator Marco Rubio both tackled rebuttal speeches with mixed results. "Bobby Jindal [in 2009] didn't really work with the camera very well," says Donna Hoffman, professor of political science at the University of Northern Iowa. "He looked very startled and I think it was very difficult to get past some of his mannerisms." Rubio fared little better in 2013 when he paused mid-speech for a refreshment. "What we remember Marco Rubio's response for was his drink of water," she adds. "What did he say? Nobody knows but they know he took a drink of water in the middle of it." Other conservatives have watched their political aspirations flounder after delivering their rebuttal speeches. Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell gave his party's rebuttal speech in 2010, only to later be convicted of public corruption and sentenced to two years incarceration. He has been ordered to report to prison by 9 February. Wisconsin Congressman Paul Ryan saw his profile soar amid his 2011 rebuttal speech, only to later lose in his 2012 vice-presidential run for the White House with presidential candidate Mitt Romney. This week, he ruled himself out as a contender for 2016. But, it isn't all bad news for conservatives brave enough to tackle the tough task. Washington Congresswoman Cathy McMorris Rodgers "did really well" in her 2014 attempt, Hoffman says. Even amid such pressure, being asked to give the rebuttal speech is still a significant honour, says Brown. "Your party is saying to you 'We trust you to do this really hard job and we really see you as being in one way or another the new face of the party'," she explains. Besides, even if Ernst falls prey to a pratfall, "the good news for her is she's so young on the national stage that she'll be cut a lot of slack", says Gage. "She doesn't have to run for re-election for a while so if she were to have a misstep, she'd have a chance to make it a distant memory," she concludes. "I think it's a huge opportunity. It will be what she makes of it."

रिपब्लिकन ने नए सीनेटर जोनी अर्न्स्ट को राष्ट्रपति बराक ओबामा के स्टेट ऑफ द यूनियन संबोधन का खंडन करने के लिए चुना है। लेकिन इतिहास बताता है कि यह सम्मान राष्ट्रीय सुर्खियों में कूदने के इच्छुक राजनेताओं के लिए दोधारी तलवार हो सकता है।


Widnes stabbing: Landlord killed outside his pub

Summary: A landlord has been stabbed to death outside his pub.

Christian Thornton, who was 49, was found with stab wounds and died at the scene on Liverpool Road in Widnes, Cheshire, police said. The married father of three had worked at the Hammer and Pincers pub for 20 years, a friend told the BBC, first as a barman and then as its landlord. A 35-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of murder in connection with the attack at 15:20 BST on Sunday. A 39-year-old woman has been arrested on suspicion of assisting an offender. Cleaner Paul Whitfield, 50, said he was "devastated" and had known Mr Thornton for more than 20 years. "I feel so sorry for his children - they are only young, about five or six," he added. "He was a brilliant landlord - he knew what drink you had and it would be on the bar waiting for you." Witness Rick Slater, 33, said he heard "shouting and screaming" and Mr Thornton's body was found near the beer garden. He said: "There were kids going down the slide when I went into the pub to get a pint. "I came out a few minutes later and someone said they'd seen a flash of a knife and Chris was stabbed. It's terrible he's been taken like this." Romeo Lopez, 32, said: "[Mr Thornton] was the life and soul." He added: "His nickname was Tigger as he was always jumping around." Floral tributes have been placed by a police cordon near the entrance to the pub. Ch Insp Simon Parsonage, of Cheshire Police, said: "I would like to reassure those living locally that we are doing everything we can to establish the circumstances of what has happened and extra officers will be patrolling the area."

एक मकान मालिक की उसके पब के बाहर चाकू मारकर हत्या कर दी गई है।


Suffolk County Council in 2012-13 tax freeze vote

Summary: Suffolk County Council has voted to freeze its council tax share for a second successive year.

The Conservative-controlled authority agreed to cut £26m from its £1bn budget for 2012-13. Councillors' allowances will also remain at the same level as part of the council's two-year plan to save £50m. It means the county council's part of the bill remains at £1,126.53 for a Band D household. Money to extend a council tax freeze in England to 2012-13 was offered by Chancellor George Osborne in October.

सफ़ोक काउंटी काउंसिल ने लगातार दूसरे वर्ष अपने परिषद कर हिस्से को फ्रीज करने के लिए मतदान किया है।


Does Trump win mark the end for liberal democracy?

Summary: Remember when politics was rather dull?

By Ben WrightPolitical correspondent, BBC News When across the West the electoral pendulum swung reliably between parties of the centre left and centre right? There was consensus about the benefits of a global market economy. Politicians seemed to talk the same way, wear the same ties, parrot the same stale slogans. Meanwhile voters got on with shopping, and turning out at elections in ever decreasing numbers. This seemed to be the condition of liberal democracy at the start of 2016. But the seedbed for Brexit and Trump was there. As politics became the preserve of a professional office-seeking class the old parties shrank. Popular indifference and distrust of politics grew. A few years ago the political scientist Peter Mair argued that Western democracy was being hollowed out. With one referendum and a presidential election, liberal democracy as we've known it seems finally, dramatically, to have collapsed in on itself. Too hyperbolic? In response to Donald Trump's victory, the authoritarian, anti-immigration Prime Minister of Hungary, Viktor Orban, said it was "great news" and claimed his victory marked the end of a period of "liberal non-democracy". This is the same Viktor Orban who was greeted with a mock-Nazi salute by the president of the European Commission at a summit last year. "The dictator is coming," quipped Jean-Claude Juncker. Now many Western leaders are sweating. Fear and loathing Last month the President of the European Council, Donald Tusk, said the West's political values were in danger of breaking down. What does he think those values are? "Human rights, civil liberties, including the freedom of speech and religion, free market and a competitive economy based on private property, reasonable and fair redistribution of goods, restrictions on power resulting from rules and tradition, tolerance and political pluralism." Mr Tusk said those who questioned liberal democracy were happy about Brexit, looked up to President Putin and supported Donald Trump. And it's true that from the coffee shops of Brooklyn to the bistros of Brussels there is a sense of melancholy and foreboding. For people who have enjoyed the political stability and economic opportunities delivered by decades of liberal democracy these are bewildering, unsettling times. "How", they ask, "can Britain possibly have voted to leave the EU?" Millions of despairing Americans are grappling with the prospect of President Donald Trump. "Is Le Pen next?" they fret in the cafes of Paris. The 'left behind' But for voters who cast ballots for Brexit and Donald Trump it feels like politics has finally listened to them. The "left behind" economic narrative does not account for the full variety of forces behind this new populism. But in the view of Parag Khanna, an American professor in Singapore and author of the new book Connectography, 2016 will be remembered as the year that "the global underclass revolt crystallised in the form of the Brexit and the Trump election". "This uncoordinated movement really began with Occupy Wall Street and has now claimed its biggest scalp," he says. Prof Vernon Bogdanor, at King's College London, agrees. "There is a division between the exam-passing classes who are not hostile to the global elite and the left behind who are nationalist and protectionist," he says. "It takes different forms in different countries but it's now a fairly common phenomenon in Europe and America." Prof Bogdanor tells me the new political cleavage is not between left and right but between nationalist populism and those perceived as "elites". And he is worried. "The election of Donald Trump is the most troubling political event in my lifetime. It's not difficult to arouse nationalist passions. We saw that in the 1930s. We're seeing a pale imitation of what we saw then", he says, while careful to make clear he doesn't consider the president-elect a fascist. 'Elite tantrum' But Claire Fox, the director of the Institute of Ideas, thinks the vitality of liberal democracy has been proved by the Brexit and Trump results. "We have to be careful of an anti-democratic response to perfectly legitimate democratic votes. Quite a lot of liberals are saying, 'well, democracy is not working so well because people are voting in a way we don't want them to vote', which strikes me as a supreme irony." A suffocating political and cultural consensus has driven the backlash we are seeing now, she believes. "There has been arguably far less tolerance over the last 10 years for anyone who doesn't agree with what a particular elite outlook is - and a silence or demonising of people who don't go along with the narrative." Ms Fox cites public concern about immigration as a prime example and she also takes exception to the suggestion liberal democracy is being threatened by an ugly authoritarianism. "The whole of the establishment, from army generals to big business, lined up to say Brexit was a mistake," she argues. "What's authoritarian is employers turning round to their workers and saying jobs would be lost. "We had an elite who thought they could call a referendum, mobilise everybody who should go and vote as they were told. That's caused a massive tantrum amongst the elite who then have the nerve to say it's the people's fault for threatening democracy." Destination unknown Whether or not this political upheaval should be celebrated or feared, it feels like a rupture with the past. We are rumbling over an important set of points with little idea where we are heading. Brexit and Trump promised political control to people who felt their lives had little of it, who were furious at the gulf between their political rulers and the governed and mourned the social cohesion of the past, and whose voices were not heard much in the media. In the raucous, angry echo chamber of social media a fight back brewed. The flipside seems to be growing intolerance of pluralism and difference. That is why people like Donald Tusk anxiously wonder how Western liberal democracy can respond and survive. Because there is nothing inevitable about its continuity. As author and political philosopher John Gray wrote recently, plenty of authoritarian regimes in the world are doing well. The middle class in Russia appears wedded to a combination of consumerism and nationalism and in China many want nothing more than rising living standards and freedom in their private lives. "Liberal societies cannot depend on history for their survival," he says in a New Statesman article. "They need to defend themselves." At the moment however, the winners from globalisation and the political elites have lost and the dissenters have won.

याद है जब राजनीति काफी नीरस थी?


Uganda social media ban raises questions over regulation in Africa

Summary: After Facebook's suspension of some Ugandan accounts, followed by the authorities' shutdown of social media and then the entire internet, the BBC's Dickens Olewe looks at the wider implications for Uganda, and elsewhere in Africa.

Facebook has said it was trying to implement its rules but that is not how President Yoweri Museveni saw it. "There is no way anybody can come [here] and play around with our country and decide who is good [and] who is bad," he said as he railed against the company's decision to remove accounts linked to the ruling National Resistance Movement (NRM) just days before Thursday's general election. The president accused Facebook, which he and other candidates had been using to campaign, of "arrogance". His press secretary Don Wanyama, whose account was among those affected, told the BBC that the social media platform was being "dictatorial". "It is simply a platform, it should not morph into a political party. There must be regulation of these platforms and independent oversight bodies," Mr Wanyama said, adding that Uganda's communications commission should get involved to set a "level playing field". In a statement, Facebook said it acted after an investigation found that the accounts were involved in a coordinated effort to undermine political debate in the country. Regardless of the merits of the case, analysts have told the BBC that popular social media platforms like Facebook need to pay attention to the context in which they are operating. 'Network of fake accounts' They suggest that the companies should hire more people based on the continent and create an election response unit that works with civil society groups to enable them to tailor responses instead of relying on one-size-fits-all policies. Mr Wanyama accused leading opposition presidential candidate Robert Kyagulanyi - better known by his stage name Bobi Wine - of being behind the removal of the accounts. This was denied by researcher Tessa Knight from Digital Forensic Research Lab, whose investigation uncovered the coordinated campaigns by NRM targeting the opposition. "After I completed my investigation, I sent through the data to Facebook. They conducted their own, independent investigation and concluded that the network of accounts were engaged in Coordinated Inauthentic Behaviour (CIB) in an attempt to influence public debate ahead of the election," Ms Knight told the BBC, adding that she did not work with Bobi Wine as alleged. CIB, as described by Facebook, is when groups of pages or people work together to mislead others about who they are or what they are doing while relying on fake accounts. In one instance, some of the accounts identified in the Uganda investigation posted exactly the same message on Facebook and Twitter, backing a police crackdown on opposition supporters: Late last year Facebook announced that it had uncovered similar attacks by France- and Russia-based accounts seeking to influence voters' opinions in the Central African Republic. But according to Kenyan internet policy researcher Odanga Madung, banning the NRM-linked accounts exposed how sensitive the subject of content moderation can be and handed the Ugandan government the perfect excuse to do what it had already planned. "Any casual observer of Ugandan politics expected the government to impose internet restrictions ahead of the elections, so Facebook's decision - especially the absence of tact when punishing infringements of its terms of service - offered Museveni a timely ruse to clothe the inevitable shutdown as a retaliation," said Mr Madung. A twist on the Trump ban "What is clear from this fallout is that we'll see more of such collisions in Africa, especially in authoritarian countries, as social media companies come under pressure to implement their terms of service," he told the BBC. "But I think this is an opportunity for Facebook and other platforms to increase their presence on the continent, beyond the few officials already here, and the fact-checking collaborations," Mr Madung said, adding that "we must remember that these are private corporations so their profit motives comes first". Some commentators have noted that unlike in the US, where social media platforms banned a president, in Uganda it was the other way round. Popular Tanzanian cartoonist Gado artfully captured this sentiment. In justifying the social media ban, the Ugandan government has mimicked the words of the social media companies. "There has been a lot of misuse of social media to spread unfounded information that has been discrediting government officials... really if we are to practice democracy we need people to present facts as they are," minister Betty Amongi told the BBC. Political analyst Nanjala Nyabola, who has written extensively about technology in Africa, said the banning of US President Donald Trump from using the main social media platforms had opened a new phase in what had been a "very fraught conversation" internationally. 'Citizens v the government' She believes that the context in which the action is taken is crucial. "The social network could take the exact same action in different places and the interpretation would be completely different. "It all depends on the pre-existing relationship between citizens and the government. In Uganda the government is saying that the ban is undemocratic but so is mass arrest and intimidation of opposition candidates. And the history of violence from the government against civilians changes the perception of the removal of these sites," she told the BBC. There has also been a history of the Ugandan government trying to limit the use of social media. In 2018 it introduced a controversial tax on the sites, which President Museveni defended as way of reducing "gossip" on the platforms. The policy has instead made internet access more costly and resulted in the loss of revenue for telecoms companies. The economic impact of the current internet restrictions will only compound the situation. According to recent research by Top1OVPN looking at the cost of internet shutdowns in the year 2020, more than 50 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were affected by a shutdown, resulting in an economic cost of $237m (£173m). In Uganda, NetBlocks - which calculates the cost of internet shutdowns - estimates the country will lose at least $1.7m (£1.2m) a day, the amount is an aggregated cost of indirect losses as well as a direct consequence of businesses staying offline. Different rules? This also raises troubling questions about the relationship between social media companies and governments in places where there are moves towards greater regulation. Ms Nyabola is concerned that if there is a tightening of rules, then it could tilt the balance even more in favour of the state. She added that social media companies now need to have a greater presence on the continent with local staff and a commitment to understand the social and political context to prevent the enforcement of their policies playing into the hands of authoritarian governments. "If these corporations know that their platforms are increasingly going to play a part in elections around the world then they need to have an election response unit," Ms Nyabola said. "There shouldn't be a single rule but a flexible approach that can be rolled out in different contexts." The social media platforms would argue that their rules apply equally to everyone, including presidents. However, the global debate about their power and influence in moderating speech, and whether their policies should be universal, or are fair, will not end with Mr Museveni, or Mr Trump.

फेसबुक द्वारा युगांडा के कुछ खातों को निलंबित करने के बाद, अधिकारियों द्वारा सोशल मीडिया और फिर पूरे इंटरनेट को बंद करने के बाद, बीबीसी के डिकेंस ओलेव युगांडा और अफ्रीका में अन्य जगहों के लिए व्यापक प्रभावों को देखते हैं।


Rainbow babies: The children bringing hope after loss

Summary: A rainbow baby is a baby born to a mother who has previously lost a child due to miscarriage, still birth or neonatal death. It stems from the idea that a rainbow, symbolising hope and comfort, follows the storm of grief caused by a baby loss.

By Emma KasprzakBBC News BBC News spoke to some of the mothers who use the rainbow symbol to celebrate their children and remember the babies they lost. 'If a rainbow appears she thinks it's for her' Cheryl Lotherington, 38, had four miscarriages before her daughter Bo (named for being a rainbow baby) was born. She and her then partner, now husband, Grant started trying for a baby after being together for two years. She fell pregnant after six months. "Everything seemed great," she says. "We had an early scan and saw the baby and heard the heartbeat. "At 10 weeks I unexpectedly started bleeding. A scan confirmed that there was no heartbeat. "The next night I miscarried at home. The pain was horrendous both physically and emotionally." The couple, who live near Leeds, had experienced an earlier chemical pregnancy but after the first miscarriage they suffered two more losses at around 11 weeks before being referred for tests which came back clear. "Western medicine couldn't give us any answers and my arms ached [from the injections]," she says. They decided to get married, booked their wedding and agreed to start trying to conceive again thinking it would take about six months, but she fell pregnant straight away. "We were scanned every week. It was a really worrying time right until she was placed in my arms." She says her daughter, who is now four, loves colourful clothing especially anything with a rainbow on it. "Bo tells everyone that she is a rainbow baby. If a rainbow appears she thinks it's for her. I think about the babies we have lost and how lucky we are now." 'There is always something to hope for' Claire Todd and her husband frequently dress their two sons in rainbow clothing to celebrate them and remember the babies they lost. Ms Todd, 37, from Sheffield, says: "My husband and I have lost seven babies in all, one for each colour of the rainbow, and have two beautiful sons. "I love to dress them in bright colours/rainbows where possible as to me rainbows symbolise that no matter how bad things get, there is always something to hope for." She said while they do not choose rainbow outfits all the time when they do wear bright colours they "make me smile and burst with happiness". Pregnancy loss expressed as numbers per day*: *Based on 2014 UK figures from pregnancy research charity Tommy's Read more: 'We live rainbows, everywhere, everyday' Due to fertility problems it took Nicole Lord and her husband two years to conceive their son. She had lost a pregnancy nine years ago. She says: "We live rainbows, everywhere, everyday. But that's because they're cool as well as my son being a rainbow. "My little man is very special to us. I don't ovulate and the usual drugs the NHS can offer don't work on me, so the fact we have a baby is remarkable." The 25-year-old, from March, in Cambridgeshire, has a rainbow tattoo in tribute to her son. "Even when he's big and [has] got babies of his own, I'll have this to remember the good that can come from the pain of loss." Rainbow baby after 18 losses Tasha Adams, from Brentford, in London, had 16 miscarriages and two stillbirths before she had her rainbow baby. She says: "My first loss was Honey, she was stillborn in May 2007 at 36+6 [weeks], I then had seven miscarriages between June 2008 and September 2010. "Riley Rae was stillborn at 24+3 in April 2011 and then I went on to have nine more miscarriages between June 2011 and Feb 2014." After seven years of trying she gave birth to her son Orion Rudi Beau in June 2015. She says: "He has the middle name Beau, because he's our Rainbow." 'She is and always will be such an important part of our family' Frankie Brunker, from Hertfordshire, lost her daughter Esme when her heart stopped beating at just over 38 weeks in September 2013. The 33-year-old then went on to conceive again. She says: "I was overjoyed and terrified in equal measure to get pregnant soon after our devastating loss. "The pregnancy was problem-free like Esme's had been, but I couldn't help be filled with anxiety." She was supported through her pregnancy by rainbow baby charity JOEL the Complete Package. Emma Pearson, 35, from Worksop, founded the charity along with her husband Matthew after they lost their twins Noel and James in 2011. The charity runs a Facebook group and sends support packs out with advice sections for mums, dads, grandparents and siblings. Ms Pearson says they focus on providing support for both mums and dads. She says: "I think a lot of people ignore the fact that dads have to be that strong figure that's got to hold everything together when they've just been through something absolutely devastating. "They're grieving exactly the same as a mum would but also they have seen their wife or partner going through labour and seeing everything that's happened is something that's really upsetting so it's important that people support them too." Ms Brunker said the support she received helped her "stay hopeful and sane" until her son Jago was born healthy in October 2014. She says: "We chose Jago's name partly because it means 'to follow in the footsteps of' (it's from the Hebrew name Jacob), and his middle name as Toby (the name we had picked out for Esme had she been a boy), both in tribute to his big sister. "We don't want him to live in the shadow of Esme, but she is and always will be such an important part of our family." 'She continues to help heal our hearts every single day' Suzanne Lowe says her daughter Ruby helped to heal her family after the loss of both her brother and her first baby. The 33-year-old from Middleton, Manchester, lost her brother Paul in 2010 five weeks after he was diagnosed with leukaemia. Then in 2011 she discovered she was pregnant. She says: "We were all so very happy as it had been a very hard time. I remember thinking "the light at the end of our dark tunnel"." But a scan revealed the devastating news her son had Potter's Syndrome meaning he had very little kidney function and a poor chance of survival. Determined to give her son a chance she continued with the pregnancy but was admitted to hospital in March 2012 when she noticed her baby's movements had decreased. She says: "Willow-Paul Winnard Lowe was born 13:24 at 36+1 weeks. He only managed to take a breath. They worked on him but couldn't save him. Our world just crumbled. "We got to meet this beautiful 7lb 13oz beauty that we made. He looked so perfect on the outside." A year later Suzanne received more heartbreaking news when her mum was rushed to hospital and diagnosed with ovarian cancer, something she is still being treated for with chemotherapy. Then in 2014 the family finally had good news when Suzanne took a pregnancy test and the result was positive. She says: "I thought I'd be as cool as a cucumber and keep it all together when in fact I didn't. "Our 20 week scan was a big one for us. I didn't want to know the sex like most parents do - I wanted to know that all her organs were working and could be seen. To my relief they were." In December 2014 her daughter Ruby was born. She says: "It felt so surreal, finally after such a long time we got to meet our rainbow baby. "She brought so much colour back into our lives, although things are still tough going at times Ruby had helped in more ways than she will ever know. "She continues to help heal our hearts every single day. She is so precious and so loved."

इंद्रधनुषी शिशु एक माँ से पैदा हुआ बच्चा है जिसने पहले गर्भपात, अभी भी जन्म या नवजात मृत्यु के कारण एक बच्चे को खो दिया है। यह इस विचार से उपजा है कि एक इंद्रधनुषी, आशा और आराम का प्रतीक, एक बच्चे के नुकसान के कारण होने वाले दुख के तूफान का अनुसरण करता है।


Is Fukushima's exclusion zone doing more harm than radiation?

Summary: The exclusion zone around the Fukushima nuclear plant has a strange beauty to it. The small town of Okuma, just two kilometres from the plant, looks unreal to my human eyes - so conditioned to the bustle of urban life.

By Rupert Wingfield-HayesBBC News, Fukushima There are houses and shops, cars parked neatly in driveways, a traffic light flashing orange in the distance. But, apart from me, there is not a single human. Wait long enough and you can see a racoon dog scurry across the street; a group of monkeys wanders nonchalantly along a nearby riverbank. I look down at my radiation monitor. It's reading 3 microsieverts per hour - not enough to get me worried on a short visit, but more than ten times above what the Japanese government has declared "safe" for people to return. Because of that, this place has been declared off limits for the foreseeable future. That means the people who once lived here are now permanent exiles. Think about that for a minute. Think about the town or village you grew up in, a place your family may have lived in for generations. Now think about never being allowed to return there. That is the reality facing the Shiga family. They come from the small village of Obori a few kilometres north of Okuma. The village sits in a delightful little valley backed by pine-covered mountains. The village was famous for its beautiful ceramics. Almost every single house has a pottery workshop. Mr Shiga is descended from 16 generations of pottery masters. Before coming back here with me, Mr Shiga had to apply for special permission. He can stay a maximum of five hours, and he has been told he must wear a white "Tyvek" suit and mask at all times. In his hand he carries a large radiation spectrometer. It's a cliché to say Japanese people find it hard to display emotions. It is also often true. To understand how upset Mr Shiga is you have to ignore his polite smile and listen to the pain in his voice. "I hope my ancestors will forgive me for leaving here," he says. "It is not my fault I cannot come back. This place was stolen from us. I want to come back, I have a deep attachment to my home, but if I admit that to myself it is too painful, so I try not to think about it." But perhaps Mr Shiga should be allowed to come home, if he wants to. Of course it would not be easy. Mr Shiga's house is now a mess. Wild Boar have broken in and turned it upside down. The roof is leaking and water damage means the house would probably need to be rebuilt. There is no electricity or water supply and roads are still broken from the earthquake. But all that is fixable. The problem is the radiation. Radiation is a hugely emotive subject. There is massive disagreement even in the scientific community over how much radiation is "safe". But there are now a number of scientists who are calling for a more "rational" discussion of the dangers. 'Unnecessary' One of them is Professor Geraldine Thomas of Imperial College, London. She is one of Britain's leading researchers on the effects of radiation on the human body. She visits Japan several times a years to advise the government. Gerry has become a passionate advocate of the right of people around the Fukushima plant to return to their homes. Walking with me through the streets of Okuma, Professor Thomas eschews the government-provided safety suit and mask as entirely unnecessary. "People have to feel safe to come back," she says. "Many will now not want to come back because they've made a life elsewhere. But in terms of radiation, the amount we are getting now is very small, and if you were inside a building you'd be getting even less than standing in the open air." So, I ask, has the world's media been getting this story completely wrong? "In my opinion yes it has," she says. "The radiation has not been the disaster. It's our response to the radiation, our fear that we've projected on to others, to say this is really dangerous. It isn't really dangerous and there are plenty of places in the world where you would live with background radiation of at least this level." Writing these words I can already hear the cries of indignation. That Professor Thomas is an "outlier", and that plenty of other eminent scientists disagree with her. But let's look at the facts for a moment. On recent visits to the towns of Okuma and Namie inside the radiation exclusion zone I measured a "received dose" of around 3 microsieverts of radiation per hour. These are in areas that are off-limits and have had no remediation work done. If I were to stand outside here for 12 hours a day, every day of the year, I would receive an annual extra dose of radiation of around 13 millisieverts. That is not insignificant, but it is far below what the data suggest is dangerous to long-term health. In most countries nuclear industry workers are allowed to receive up to 20 millisieverts a year. There are places in Cornwall in the UK where background radiation levels reach 8 millisieverts a year. The world's highest background radiation rate is found in the city of Ramsar in Iran, which has the astonishing rate of 250 millisieverts a year. Of course this is a ferociously complex issue, and many will argue that I am ignoring the dangers of "hot spots" and from ingesting radioactive Caesium particles in food or water or dust. But five years after the meltdowns at Fukushima 100,000 people are still unable to go home. That is a massive human tragedy. If, as professor Thomas asserts, the science shows the dangers from radiation are being exaggerated, then it is possible that human tragedy is being made much worse than it need be.

फुकुशिमा परमाणु संयंत्र के आसपास के बहिष्करण क्षेत्र में एक अजीब सुंदरता है। संयंत्र से सिर्फ दो किलोमीटर की दूरी पर स्थित ओकुमा का छोटा सा शहर, शहरी जीवन की हलचल के लिए अनुकूलित, मेरी मानव आंखों को अवास्तविक लगता है।


Dog wardens in Conwy county scrap fines for advice

Summary: Dog owners in Conwy county who take their pets to off-limit beaches will be issued with advice instead of on-the-spot fines.

Dog wardens will only issue fines to owners who ignore requests to remove their pet or put it on a lead. A council meeting heard an elderly lady was reluctant to walk her dog after receiving a fine. Cllr Mike Priestley told the meeting: "She doesn't want to go out with her dog any more. Surely that's not good." Private company Kingdom Security will continue to patrol dog control and dog exclusion areas.

कॉनवी काउंटी में कुत्ते के मालिक जो अपने पालतू जानवरों को सीमा से बाहर के समुद्र तटों पर ले जाते हैं, उन्हें मौके पर जुर्माना लगाने के बजाय सलाह दी जाएगी।


Export of Guernsey's waste 'should be considered'

Summary: Guernsey's States should investigate the option of exporting waste to Jersey, the president of the island's Chamber of Commerce says.

A sub-group from the chamber is working with the Public Services Department to help find a solution to the island's rubbish problem. Julian Winser said exporting may not be the final answer but should not be dismissed. The Mont Cuet landfill site is expected to reach capacity by 2019. Since 1994, Guernsey's States has proposed, agreed and then rejected two different strategies involving a waste-to-energy plant at Longue Hougue. More than £11m was spent on these two failed attempts.

द्वीप के चैंबर ऑफ कॉमर्स के अध्यक्ष का कहना है कि ग्वेर्नसे के राज्यों को जर्सी को अपशिष्ट निर्यात करने के विकल्प की जांच करनी चाहिए।


Israel election a referendum on Netanyahu

Summary: Everything is very close in this troubled land. It's small. Travelling around and across land that has been fought over doesn't take long. Enemies, resentment, hopes and disappointment are never far away.

By Jeremy BowenBBC Middle East editor I took a drive down the Jordan Valley. It runs between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, mostly sandy and rocky desert. It is the deepest valley in the world, going down to 1,300 feet (400m) below sea level. The domes of the monastery of the Temptation, built into the cliffs stare down on Jericho, the Palestinian city that claims to be the oldest in the world. Christians believe Satan appeared somewhere near here to Jesus, tempting him during his 40 days and nights of fasting. The southern end of the valley, where I am, has been occupied by Israel since 1967, a big part of the land it captured in that year's Middle East War Usually the valley is a sleepy place. But Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has pushed it into his country's general election, which is coming up this Tuesday. He declared that if he was returned as prime minister, he would annex the Jordan Valley, and Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank. The suggestion has been condemned by many of Israel's friends, including Britain, on the grounds that it would be yet another nail in the coffin containing hopes for peace. Israel would have absorbed land Palestinians want for a state. Mr Netanyahu has said similar things before. Perhaps he won't keep his promise if he wins. Perhaps he will. He's offering Israeli right-wingers a tasty electoral inducement to vote for him. He needs the votes. The election will be close. More than anything else, it is a referendum on Mr Netanyahu, who has overtaken Israel's founding father David Ben Gurion as its longest-serving prime minister. In Jerusalem, I went to an ultra-Orthodox rally. I headed for one of the religious neighbourhoods of the city. Thousands of men in black coats and hats, beards and skullcaps jammed into a closed-off major city highway. They were there to declare support for a coalition of religious parties, who are staunch supporters of Mr Netanyahu. He needs their support to form a new government. Israel's electoral system always produces coalitions. Would-be prime ministers need to add their own party's seats to those of smaller parties who exact a price for giving their support. The ultra-Orthodox have been staunch supporters of Mr Netanyahu. Without their seats, he would not be able to form a government. Israel is a strong country. Its achievements are remarkable. But it also has a streak of insecurity, understandable given the history of the Jews and of the Israeli state. Mr Netanyahu plays on those fears. His campaign has majored on Israel's enemies in Iran, Syria and Lebanon. His message, repeated time after time, is that the Middle East is a tough neighbourhood and he is the only politician who can keep Israelis safe. Election posters show him with US President Donald Trump, both men smiling, suggesting a unique partnership that only Mr Netanyahu can maintain. His main rival is a centre-left coalition, called Blue and White, led by a retired general, Benny Gantz, and Yair Lapid, a TV personality turned politician. General Gantz says he can restore honour to the premiership. Mr Netanyahu faces serious corruption charges, which he denies. His opponents say he has divided and cheapened Israel. On polling day, it might come down to turnout. Israelis get election days off - and it's perfect beach weather.

इस अशांत देश में सब कुछ बहुत करीब है। यह छोटा है। जिस देश पर लड़ाई हुई है, उसके चारों ओर और उसके पार यात्रा करने में ज्यादा समय नहीं लगता है। दुश्मन, नाराज़गी, उम्मीदें और निराशा कभी दूर नहीं होती हैं।


Aston Martin makes first DBX cars at St Athan factory

Summary: Aston Martin has started making cars at its south Wales factory.

The company has so far created 200 jobs at the St Athan site and plans to recruit up to 550 more people. The first pre-production models of the Aston Martin DBX have been rolled out, with the factory expected to go into full production in 2020. In October last year the company reported a pre-tax loss of £68m and its shares fell by 18%. The announcement follows the news last week that Ford's engine plant in Bridgend is set to close in autumn 2020, with the loss of 1,700 jobs. Former First Minister and Bridgend AM, Carwyn Jones, said some of those workers losing their jobs could find new employment with Aston Martin. "I suspect that around about 20% of the workers at Ford will take the voluntary package and retire," he said. "Aston Martin are looking for people. They are looking for about 500. They may, of course, take some, maybe even all, who knows, of those Ford workers. "But you have still got 600 or 700 that you have still got to find jobs for." The 90 acre (36 hectare) former Ministry of Defence site was announced as the second UK plant for Aston Martin Lagonda in early 2016. The new model will be unveiled at the end of 2019. The company was given a total of £18.8m in grants from the Welsh Government, linked to job creation, skills training and research and development.

एस्टन मार्टिन ने अपने साउथ वेल्स कारखाने में कारों का निर्माण शुरू कर दिया है।


Kulvinder Kaur death: Two arrests over Beechdale crash

Summary: Two men have been arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving after a pedestrian died in a hit-and-run crash on Thursday.

She was named by police as 52-year-old Kulvinder Kaur who was walking along Cavendish Road in Beechdale, Walsall, when she was struck by a Peugeot 206. Two men aged 21 and 27 handed themselves into police on Friday morning, the West Midlands force said. The car thought to have been involved has been recovered. It is undergoing forensic examination, police say. Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, on Twitter, and sign up for local news updates direct to your phone.

गुरुवार को एक हिट-एंड-रन दुर्घटना में एक पैदल यात्री की मौत के बाद खतरनाक ड्राइविंग से मौत के संदेह में दो लोगों को गिरफ्तार किया गया है।