Can cold water swimming treat depression?

Summary: Jumping into the sea in winter is the most alive and present I ever feel. I get in fast - a dangerous approach if you're a beginner - when the cold shock response provokes an uncontrollable urge to inhale.

By Dr Chris van TullekenThe Doctor Who Gave Up Drugs Underwater, I feel an intense mixture of burning pain and, even after doing this for years, a little panic. But it's the only time the anxious negative chatter in my head is truly silenced. After two minutes, as my skin reaches the same temperature as the water, I start to feel comfortable and my breathing slows. After even a brief swim, I feel elated for hours and calm for days. Like many other people who swim in cold water regularly, I love it, but I also believe it has mental health benefits. And the first case report on cold water swimming published in British Medical Journal Case Reports shows that it may be an effective treatment for depression. Diving in The Doctor Who Gave Up Drugs, a series broadcast on BBC One in 2016, which I developed and presented, followed Sarah, a 24-year-old who had been taking antidepressants since the age of 17. Her symptoms had started earlier in her teens. When we met, she was desperate to stop her antidepressants, saying they put her in a "chemical fog". She loved swimming and, because of my own experience, I approached Prof Mike Tipton and Dr Heather Massey, both scientists at the extreme environments laboratory at Portsmouth University. I also spoke to their collaborator Dr Mark Harper, a consultant anaesthetist at Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, to see if there was any scientific basis for trying out cold water swimming on Sarah. Stress response Outdoor exercise and the companionship of fellow swimmers can improve symptoms of depression and anxiety. But the team at Portsmouth believed there might be an effect of cold water immersion itself. There is a convincing, biologically plausible, theory about how this might work. Immersion in cold water evokes a stress response: a set of physiological and hormonal reactions that evolved millions of years ago to cope with a wide range of potential threats. Animal attack, jumping in cold water and sitting an exam all elicit a similar response. Heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate all increase and stress hormones are released. But, if you immerse yourself only a few times in water of 15C or less, this stress response is reduced. However, it is not only the stress response to cold water that reduces with repeated immersions. Cold water swimming - how to do it safely Check out the The Outdoor Swimming Society website for safety advice and more. Prof Tipton and Dr Massey have shown that the response to the stress of exercising at altitude is also diminished. This is called "cross-adaptation", where one form of stress adapts the body for another. There is increasing evidence linking depression and anxiety with the inflammation that accompanies a chronic stress response to the physical and psychological problems of modern life. Through cross-adaptation, cold water swimming may be able to reduce this chronic stress response together with the inflammation and mental health problems that affect so many of us. The theory is sound, but the evidence it works is all anecdotal, apart from this case report. Cold water swimmers describe many benefits: they never get colds and never turn the heating on in winter. Many have stories of how they came to outdoor swimming in times of grief or bereavement and found comfort, even joy, in the water. The team at Portsmouth are starting to test these stories. A preliminary study supports the claims made about colds and further reports are being prepared about patients with a range of conditions. 'Life is good' Since 2006, prescriptions of antidepressants have more than doubled and, while patients may take these drugs for many years, there is debate about their effectiveness. New approaches which attempt to tackle the multiple causes of depression are badly needed. Dr Mark Harper is cautiously optimistic. He says: "Our observations so far support the hypothesis that cold water swimming may have a range of benefits." More than two years later, Sarah is still swimming and off all medication. "Life is good. I still have counselling but the swimming is something I'll never turn my back on," she says. "It helped me so much in a time of need." Do not stop antidepressants or any other medication without discussion with your prescriber first.

सर्दियों में समुद्र में कूदना सबसे अधिक जीवंत और वर्तमान है जो मैं कभी महसूस करता हूं। मैं तेजी से आता हूं-एक खतरनाक दृष्टिकोण यदि आप एक नौसिखिया हैं-जब ठंडे सदमे की प्रतिक्रिया सांस लेने के लिए एक अनियंत्रित आग्रह को उकसाती है।


Sound of 2012: Azealia Banks

Summary: Foul-mouthed New York rapper (and former stage-school student) Azealia Banks takes third place in the BBC's Sound Of 2012 new music list. The list, compiled using tips from more than 180 tastemakers - made up of music critics, editors, broadcasters and bloggers - aims to highlight some of the most exciting emerging artists. We are revealing one artist from the top five in reverse order every day until Friday, when the winner will be announced.

By Mark Savage Entertainment reporter, BBC News "I'm the rap Larry David. Always complaining." So said Harlem-born 20-year-old Azealia Banks, writing to her fans on Twitter last month. "It's true," she laughs after being reminded of the message. "I'm always nagging!" "It's just my personality - I'm a bit of a misanthrope. Especially now, because I'm an artist. These fake people are all up in your face with their antics. And you're just like, 'uhhh.'" The feeling has been amplified since September when Banks uploaded 212, a foul-mouthed ode to oral sex, to YouTube. Gwyneth Paltrow and Kelly Rowland have been raving about it, but the song has also brought Banks to the attention of journalists. It would be fair to say she's not taken too kindly them. Particularly the men. "[They] hear the music and think it's a green light to ask you all of these questions about your sexuality. The actual details. Weirdoes. "It's like, get the hell out of my face. You just want to punch someone." In print, Banks can come across as petulant and aggressive, but in person she's charming. All sass and chuckles, she chatters away through a gap-toothed, rubber band smile, every paragraph punctuated by the question, "You know what I'm saying?" Larry David was never this personable. Banks's music walks a similar tightrope - balancing cheeky humour with a string of profanities, like Tarantino dialogue set to house music. The rapper actually started out as a drama student at Manhattan's famous LaGuardia High School, which counts Liza Minnelli, Al Pacino and fellow rapper Nicki Minaj among its alumni. Aged 16, she starred in a production of City Of Angels, playing a dramatic role which required her to die on stage every night. Simultaneously, she was experimenting with rap - releasing a song called Seventeen, under the pseudonym Miss Bank$. That record, a true-life story of her relationship with an older man, caught the attention of UK record label XL, who promptly signed her to a deal. Looking back, Banks admits that music was still "kind of a hobby" at the time. "But a hobby I was very willing to throw myself into, you know?" The youngster believed that XL president Richard Russell - "he was this really cool guy" - could turn her into a "superstar", much as he had done with MIA and Adele, but things quickly turned sour. "It was almost the day I signed to XL that they started checking out," she recalls. "There were a good seven to eight months where I was just sending them texts and no-one would say anything or pick up the phone or respond to my emails. Nothing. And it started to ruin me. "So I started harassing Richard. Like, 'Dude, I'm going to chop your neck off. Answer my emails!'" When Russell finally got in touch, Banks says, it was to give a lukewarm response to a track she had just written - and that track was 212. "So I was like, this is not what I worked so hard my entire life to do - to be rejected by some English guy in West Bumblefrickin' nowhere London, telling me I'm amateur or something like that. "So I just said, 'Screw you!'" The rejection suddenly fuelled her musical ambition. She disappeared to Montreal, Canada, and started laying down the demos that will, to some extent, form the basis of her debut album. "It was a period of enlightenment," she says. "I realised that my life will only be what I make it. If I accept defeat, I deserve defeat." The new material is being recorded with British producer Paul Epworth - a man better known for his work with Adele than blunt, bratty rappers. "I'm going to drag another side of Paul out," says Banks. "I'm really DIY, and he's very polished. But you're definitely going see a darker side of Paul and a more refined side of me. That's what it has to be about." Sexuality As a result, the album will have bigger melodies and fuller arrangements than the stripped-back minimalism of Banks's YouTube tracks. But the fruity language won't be toned down. The rapper says her lyrics mirror the way she speaks to her friends. The swearing isn't meant to cause outrage, and even the sexualised 212 is meant to be inclusive. "A lot of people aren't comfortable with their sexuality," explains Banks. "There are women who are curious about other women and haven't had the courage to go there. "One person said to me, 'When I listen to 212, I feel that someone understands me. I feel like I have a best friend telling me that all these things that I want to do are ok.'" Banks doesn't just want to break sexual taboos, however. Liquorice, her next single, tackles inter-racial relationships. "It is a taboo among black women to desire white men, and vice versa," she says. "But if you read websites or magazines that are geared towards African-American women, we're very curious about white men. And the world is becoming so mixed up now, it's happening a lot more. "The song is really funny and quirky. I feel like that will be the most exciting moment of my career so far." Even more exiting than being shortlisted in the BBC's Sound Of poll? "I don't want to be called the 'next big thing' because that implies there's another big thing after you. "The media does a really good job of discarding artists - and it has a really big effect what people think about themselves. So I try to keep a lot of that talk out of my head. "I'd rather be a dope artist that people are just starting to find out about." And, with that grumble, the rap Larry David says goodbye - breaking into a raucous laugh as she goes.

फाउल-माउथ न्यूयॉर्क रैपर (और पूर्व स्टेज-स्कूल छात्र) एज़ीलिया बैंक्स बीबीसी की साउंड ऑफ़ 2012 की नई संगीत सूची में तीसरे स्थान पर है। सूची, 180 से अधिक स्वाद निर्माताओं के सुझावों का उपयोग करके संकलित की गई है-जो संगीत आलोचकों, संपादकों, प्रसारकों और ब्लॉगर्स से बनी है-जिसका उद्देश्य कुछ सबसे रोमांचक उभरते कलाकारों को उजागर करना है। हम शुक्रवार तक हर दिन शीर्ष पांच में से एक कलाकार को रिवर्स ऑर्डर में प्रकट कर रहे हैं, जब विजेता की घोषणा की जाएगी।


Halifax 'hit-and-run' crash leaves man dead

Summary: A man has been arrested over the death of a pedestrian in a suspected hit-and-run crash in West Yorkshire.

The 35-year-old man was hit by a car in Skircoat Moor Road, Halifax, at 21:05 BST on Saturday and died at the scene. Police said the driver of the car failed to stop, with the vehicle later found abandoned near the scene. A man contacted West Yorkshire Police and was arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving, the force said.

वेस्ट यॉर्कशायर में एक संदिग्ध हिट-एंड-रन दुर्घटना में एक पैदल यात्री की मौत के मामले में एक व्यक्ति को गिरफ्तार किया गया है।


Daily and Sunday Politics manifesto tracker: Energy and the environment

Summary: Welcome to the Daily and Sunday Politics manifesto tracker. As the name suggests, it tracks the progress the government is making - or not - in achieving the promises made by the Conservatives in their 2015 general election manifesto and major policy announcements.

The traffic light scorecard above shows the current status of all of the policies. The tracker will be updated over the course of this parliament. The tracker has been broken down into policy areas, which can be explored by clicking on each of the links below. Manifesto tracker by theme This section deals with energy and the environment, the latter of which is a devolved policy area: read more. RURAL AFFAIRS, ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE Our aim is for almost every car and van to be a zero emission vehicle by 2050 - and we will invest £500 million over the next five years to achieve it - Manifesto page 15 Create a Sovereign Wealth Fund for the north of England, so that the shale gas resources of the north are used to invest in the future of the north - Manifesto, page 57 Establish a new Blue Belt to safeguard precious marine habitats - Manifesto, page 54 Halt the spread of subsidised onshore wind farms - Manifesto, page 56 Spend £3bn from the Common Agricultural Policy to enhance England's countryside over the next five years - Manifesto, page 54 Ensure that our public forests and woodland are kept in trust for the nation - Manifesto, page 54 Build 1,400 new flood defence schemes, to protect 300,000 homes - Manifesto, page 54 Press for full 'endangered species' status for polar bears and a ban on the international trade in polar bear skins - Manifesto, page 55 Ensure that every home and business in the country has a Smart Meter by 2020 - Manifesto, page 57 Ban wild animals in circuses - Manifesto, page 55

डेली एंड संडे पॉलिटिक्स मेनिफेस्टो ट्रैकर में आपका स्वागत है। जैसा कि नाम से पता चलता है, यह 2015 के आम चुनाव घोषणापत्र और प्रमुख नीतिगत घोषणाओं में कंजर्वेटिवों द्वारा किए गए वादों को पूरा करने में सरकार की प्रगति-या नहीं-पर नज़र रखता है।


Did we see a Christmas coronavirus spike?

Summary: It is almost a month since Christmas was "downsized" across the country. But in many parts of the UK, people were allowed to meet in Christmas "bubbles" - if only for just one day. So what impact did this have? The overall picture shows a sharp increase in cases around this time.

By Ben ButcherBBC Reality Check However, a closer look at the numbers suggests this trend was already happening and was probably caused by the new, more infectious variant of the virus rather than increased contact between people. What happened over Christmas? Firstly, a quick reminder of the rules. Initially, the plans for the UK would have allowed up to three households to mix indoors between 23 December and 27 December. But on 19 December, Prime Minister Boris Johnson scaled back these Christmas bubbles because infections were beginning to rise sharply, driven in part by a new variant of Covid-19, across south-east England. Gatherings were banned in most of this area, including London, Essex and Kent, (except for people in support bubbles), while in the rest of England, people were allowed to meet only two other households on Christmas Day. Decisions in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland saw the window for gatherings reduced too, and in Wales only two households were allowed to gather. Did people celebrate Christmas together? A survey from the Office for National Statistics suggests that roughly half the population in Great Britain who were allowed to hold gatherings did so. However, this doesn't tell us about where in the country gatherings happened or who they involved. Research into social contact across the UK, conducted by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), suggests there was a decline in contact to mid-November levels over the Christmas period, driven by closed schools and workplaces. This means contacts, which are defined as face-to-face meetings of around five minutes or more, were roughly the same as during the second English lockdown. It was also a big decline from contacts seen in the three weeks up to Christmas. This is important when looking for spikes because the virus thrives on close contact between people so less contact means fewer infections. "I was expecting to see a reduction in contacts because of the closure of schools and workplaces, but potentially an increase in risky contacts," says Prof John Edmunds, from the LSHTM's faculty of epidemiology and public health and a member of the government's scientific advisory body, Sage. He says the research did not show an increase in contacts with more vulnerable groups, such as elderly people, as expected. This suggests people may have decided not to spend Christmas with those at higher risk from the virus. So did cases go up? Across the UK, cases continued to rise over and after the Christmas period. However, whether this was influenced at all by the Christmas bubbles is very difficult to say. Looking at the data, we might expect to start seeing the impact of a Christmas spike in the first week of the New Year. This is because the typical incubation period - the time for symptoms of the virus to appear - is, on average, about five days. That means the sharp increases seen between the 20 and 30 December cannot be attributed to the holiday. In the first few days of 2021, cases continued to rise at the same pace as before Christmas and, in early January, appear to have peaked, although it is too early to tell if the decrease will be sustained. "I actually can't see any convincing evidence that Christmas actually did anything to make things worse at all, but trying to prove it definitely, one way or another, is not necessarily that easy," says Paul Hunter, a professor at the University of East Anglia's medical school. His mathematical modelling suggests cases have increased in line with trends that were happening before households starting mixing over Christmas. And clear analysis on case rates around Christmas is affected by a number of things, including: When we look specifically at parts of the country where gatherings were allowed, and the new variant was less prevalent, the trend is fairly similar to the country as a whole, albeit with a time lag of a few days. In north-east and north-west England, Scotland and Wales, we see cases rising around the holiday. But those rises start happening before or a couple of days after Christmas Day. This makes it unlikely that the upward trend is sparked by festive bubbles, because there wouldn't have been enough time for people to start exhibiting symptoms if they caught it during the holiday. Data from the Office for National Statistics infection survey highlights that these increases start happening around the same time the new more infectious variant increased in those areas. So, it could be that the new strain helped steepen an upward trend that was happening before the holiday. Did anyone catch the virus at gatherings? The fact that there hasn't been a specific spike after Christmas doesn't mean that people didn't catch the virus at festive gatherings. "I am sure that there were some additional cases as a result of contact over Christmas," says Prof Edmunds. "That is almost inevitable with the very high levels of infection that we have at the moment. "However, the major spike that we saw [around Christmas] was most likely due to the new strain not increases in contacts." There is limited official data on where people actually catch the virus, but the test-and-trace programme in England does ask those who test positive where they have been in the days up to developing symptoms. In the week ending 3 January, around 20,000 people said they had visited friends or family in the run-up to testing positive. This was roughly double the number on the week before. This data doesn't mean they caught the virus there but gives an indication of where people had been. It also represents a relatively small proportion of all events people recorded. For example, in the same week 80,000 people said they had been shopping, before testing positive. What do you want BBC Reality Check to investigate? Get in touch Read more from Reality Check

लगभग एक महीना हो गया है जब क्रिसमस को पूरे देश में "कम" किया गया था। लेकिन ब्रिटेन के कई हिस्सों में, लोगों को क्रिसमस "बुलबुले" में मिलने की अनुमति दी गई थी-अगर केवल एक दिन के लिए। तो इसका क्या प्रभाव पड़ा? समग्र तस्वीर इस समय के आसपास मामलों में तेज वृद्धि दिखाती है।


The unopened 'Pleasure Hospital' of Bobo

Summary: Victims of female genital mutilation in Burkina Faso are struggling to get surgery to remove pain and increase pleasure during sex. A hospital for this purpose was built by donors from the Raelian movement in America but never opened. Why?

By Sue Lloyd-RobertsBBC Newsnight A tall, striking woman addresses a group of women sitting under a mango tree in a village in Western Burkina Faso. It is 35 degrees in the shade and the air is dusty and stifling. The women listen in awe to 38-year-old Adjara who has just got back from the local town. "I am telling you the truth," she says. "I have seen it with my own eyes!" She is referring to the first hospital in the world to be built for the sole purpose of restoring the clitoris and about to open, she says, in the town of Bobo, 50 miles away. "We can be like other women!" she says. The village of Moussodougou is about as deprived as you get in one of the poorest countries in Africa, Burkina Faso. It has no electricity, no running water and only a fifth of the children have access to a school. While the men appear to sit around in the heat all day, the women fetch and carry water in tin basins and grind the local staple, millet and sorghum, for the daily meal. And yet, Adjara says, "We might be poor but, sexually, things are changing." As she shows me around, she tells me that every woman used to be genitally mutilated. "I was five when I was taken to be cut. The old woman used the same knife for us all. It was so painful. I cried and cried." Adjara takes me to her home, a dark hut some 8m wide, where the shelves are weighed down with heavy, clay pots. "It was part of the wedding package," she explains. "When you get married, you get given these pots to take away with you by your mother. But if you weren't cut, you didn't get the pots and you couldn't get married." Then, about 10 years ago, health workers came to the village and explained that the problems which used to be blamed on witchcraft - the death of girls after the mutilation and problems in childbirth which resulted in more deaths - "all were because of the cutting, they told us, and so we stopped". And now they are being told that their clitorises can be restored and that the pain they endure whenever they have sex will end and they could even experience pleasure. "I am happy," said the husband of 24-year-old Bebe, who has come to wave her off for the trip to Bobo for the operation. "I did not like it that she cried out every time I came to her." Twenty-six women clamber on to the 18-seat bus. They pile on top of each other, some carrying babies and small children. There is scarcely room to breathe but they chatter and even sing on the four-hour journey down red mud, dusty roads to the local town, avoiding herds of cattle and stray goats on the way. It is dusk when the bus turns in to the hospital grounds. The Pleasure Hospital, as the sponsors call it, is an impressive sight - large, very new but very closed. Fortunately, Adjara's husband works as a security guard here and so she finds them a room in the grounds and they all bed down on the concrete floor and wait. The next morning, the local member of the hospital organising committee, Banemanie Traore, arrives with the devastating news that, although the government allowed the hospital to be built, they have said it can't open. Banemanie is a beautiful, 59-year-old woman, her hair done in ringlets who tells me she was "restored, six years ago and I am now very happy". She wears a distinctive gold symbol around her neck, a swastika surrounded by a Star of David. She is a Raelian and therein may lie the problem. The Raelians believe that planet Earth was created and is still governed by extra-terrestrials who will one day return to judge humanity. They believe in UFOs and that our purpose on Earth is the pursuit of pleasure. About 10 years ago, wealthy Raelians living in California and Canada launched a charity they called Clitoraid. They invited donors to "sponsor a clitoris", raised $400,000 and started building the Pleasure Hospital eight years ago. It is due to open in four days' time and women are arriving in Bobo from all over Africa for the operation. Banemanie Traore is convinced that the Ministry has stepped in to stop the project for religious reasons. She says powerful Catholics in the country have put pressure on the government. "They don't want women to have pleasure," she says. But, she adds, it doesn't make sense. "There are 130 million women in Africa who have been mutilated and who are denied pleasure. If someone has the idea to build them a hospital, you have to let them do it." Meanwhile, a medical team from America has also arrived, led by Dr Marci Bowers, who was born Mark, and is recognised internationally as an expert in transgender surgery. I meet her on her first day in Africa, looking slightly bemused at the dusty, mud buildings and the bedraggled street sellers who follow her everywhere, "It makes you appreciate what we have back home in Chicago," she says. She buys a silver bracelet from one vendor and a length of fabric from another. "I came because I believe that Female Genital Mutilation is a crime against humanity and I am on a humanitarian mission. I am not a Raelian but I think it is a wonderful thing that they are doing." The five American medics are all giving their time voluntarily and they now have nowhere to operate. A local doctor steps in to help. Doctor Da offers his clinic in Bobo, the Clinique Lorentia, for the operations. The village women queuing at the hospital are brought in twos and threes for the surgery. Bebe is among the first to be wheeled in to the operating theatre "I am not scared," she says. "I am just angry that this was done to me and I am angry about the pain and that, because of it, I have never enjoyed sex." Bowers invites me to watch the surgery which, she explains, is a surprisingly simple one that can be done under local anaesthetic and takes about 45 minutes. The clitoris is a gland and, although the visible part is cut off during mutilation, the majority remains below the surface and can be pulled up and thus restored. Meanwhile, word is getting out that the operations are being performed. In the reception area below, women are arriving from the capital, Ouagadougou and from Mali, Senegal and even Kenya. Dr Bowers and her fellow surgeon, Dr Harold Henning from New York State, work in shifts to perform eight operations a day. Local doctors look on. The idea is that when the Americans leave after two weeks, local doctors will be ready to continue the work. Dr Bowers is operating on her 29th patient when the news comes. The government has withdrawn the licences for the American surgeons to work in Burkina Faso and they must leave. "I guess they thought by closing the hospital they would stop us," says Bowers. "It didn't and now they have done this." The women waiting in reception are told their operations are cancelled. I go to the regional Health Ministry in Bobo and ask why. The minister is out of the country but an official there tells me that it is for bureaucratic reasons. The hospital administrators failed to fill out the necessary forms to allow inspections to take place before opening. It sounds like a reasonable explanation until the Health Minister, Lene Sebego, tells a journalist from the Thomson Reuters Foundation that "medical organisations should be focused on saving lives and not advertising their religion in an attempt to convert vulnerable people". Prominent Raelians who had flown in for the opening of the hospital blame the Catholic Church in Burkina Faso, claiming that prominent Catholic doctors, enraged that foreign doctors were carrying out the procedure, had put pressure on the government to stop it. The say that the Church also fear that the Raelians might get recruits from among grateful patients Dr Brigitte Boisellier, president of Clitoraid, says: "This wonderful mission has now been stymied by the Catholic Church and its cronies, who are conducting a smear campaign against it for their own selfish motives." The Catholic Church in Burkina Faso has dismissed this allegation as "poisonous rumour". Whatever the truth, the women of Burkina Faso and throughout Africa are the losers. The expensive new hospital stands idle. Of the women from the village of Moussodogou, 15 of the 26 who took the bus journey were operated on and can look forward to a life without pain and the chance of sexual pleasure. Adjara, who did so much to get them to the hospital, was among those who did not get to the operating theatre in time. They go back to their village with little hope of return or of being restored. You can see Sue's report on BBC Newsnight at 22:30 GMT on BBC Two on Thursday 20 March, or later via the Newsnight website or BBC iPlayer. Follow @BBCNewsMagazine on Twitter and on Facebook

बुर्किना फासो में महिला जननांग विकृति के पीड़ित यौन संबंध के दौरान दर्द को दूर करने और आनंद बढ़ाने के लिए शल्य चिकित्सा कराने के लिए संघर्ष कर रहे हैं। इस उद्देश्य के लिए एक अस्पताल अमेरिका में राएलियन आंदोलन के दानदाताओं द्वारा बनाया गया था लेकिन कभी नहीं खोला गया। क्यों?


Staffordshire chief constable Jane Sawyers to retire in 2017

Summary: The chief constable of Staffordshire Police has announced she will retire next year.

Jane Sawyers will leave next summer after 32 years with the force. She said it had "not been an easy decision", adding she was "honoured" to hold the post and was "proud of the professionalism, commitment and service" of her staff. Ms Sawyers said she would work with police and crime commissioner Matthew Ellis to find her replacement.

स्टैफोर्डशायर पुलिस के मुख्य कांस्टेबल ने घोषणा की है कि वह अगले साल सेवानिवृत्त होंगी।


Wiltshire PCC Angus Macpherson makes 'phased return'

Summary: Wiltshire's Police and Crime Commissioner Angus Macpherson is making a "phased return to work" after a heart attack.

The 60-year-old was taken ill during a meeting in Trowbridge at the end of May and was flown to Bath's Royal United Hospital by air ambulance. He was discharged last month and has since been recovering at home. Mr Macpherson thanked his staff and Wiltshire Police and said he was "very pleased" to be back in his office. "On a personal note I would like to thank the many people who have sent their best wishes," he added. "I received excellent care from hospital staff and I have had a pacemaker fitted. "There is much that I want to do, but I will have to follow doctor's orders."

विल्टशायर की पुलिस और अपराध आयुक्त एंगस मैकफर्सन दिल का दौरा पड़ने के बाद "चरणबद्ध तरीके से काम पर लौट रहे हैं"।


Plans for 130 homes in Meliden set for go-ahead

Summary: Controversial plans for a development of 130 homes in Meliden, Denbighshire, look set to get the go-ahead despite objections.

Penrhyn Homes want to build on land at Mindale Farm, off Ffordd Hendre after demolishing farm buildings. Prestatyn Town Council is among the objectors, concerned local roads could not cope with extra traffic. Denbighshire council's planning committee is recommended to approve the scheme at its meeting on Wednesday.

मेलीडेन, डेनबिघशायर में 130 घरों के विकास के लिए विवादास्पद योजनाएं आपत्तियों के बावजूद आगे बढ़ने के लिए तैयार हैं।


Trump Russia: What (else) we've just learnt about Mueller probe

Summary: With the US mid-term elections over, attention in the US again quickly returned to when Robert Mueller would make His Next Move. It turns out the wait was just over three weeks.

Anthony ZurcherNorth America reporter@awzurcheron Twitter In what could be a blockbuster move, the special counsel has revealed his first new plea deal in 10 weeks, reaching an agreement with Donald Trump's former personal lawyer, Michael Cohen. Up until now, Cohen's legal entanglements had been centred on the US attorney's office in lower Manhattan - involving tax and campaign finance misconduct. It was certainly a headache for the president, but it was separate from Mr Mueller's investigation into 2016 Russian election meddling and possible ties to the Trump presidential campaign. Now Cohen looms large in that investigation, sharing information about his involvement in possible Russian business deals during the 2016 presidential election cycle. It's big news. But lots more happened this week - here's a look at some of the other things you may have missed. 1. What Roger Stone knew On Tuesday multiple US media outlets reported on what appears to be a draft plea deal that was presented by the special counsel's office to Jerome Corsi, a conservative author and a former employee of the conspiracy website InfoWars. The agreement, which closely resembles documents filed by Mr Mueller's team in other cases, says that long-time Trump associate and former campaign adviser Roger Stone (identified as "person 1") asked Mr Corsi on 25 July, 2016 - in the middle of the presidential campaign season - to reach out to WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange days after the group had released hacked Democratic National Committee emails and documents. Mr Stone, according to an email cited by the agreement, wanted to find out what other illicitly gained information WikiLeaks ("organisation 1") possessed. On 2 August, Mr Corsi emailed Stone saying there were two new email dumps coming - with damaging information about Mrs Clinton's health and the Clinton Foundation. (WikiLeaks would publish Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta's hacked emails 10 weeks later, complete with some embarrassing details but not on her health or charitable foundation matters.) A few weeks after that Corsi email, on 21 August, Mr Stone sent out a tweet that has become a central part of the investigation into whether anyone connected to Mr Trump had advance knowledge of the WikiLeaks hacked emails. "Trust me," Mr Stone wrote, "it will soon be Podesta's time in the barrel." On Tuesday, the Wall Street Journal reported that Mr Corsi had told a grand jury empanelled by the special counsel that Mr Stone had asked him to help come up with a "cover story" for that Podesta tweet. In the draft deal, Mr Corsi would have pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI about his efforts to contact Mr Assange, who has confined himself to the Ecuadorian embassy in London to avoid extradition to Sweden for sexual assault charges since August 2012. He would also admit to deleting relevant emails in an effort to obstruct the investigation. Mr Corsi says he rejected the deal because he did not knowingly lie to investigators and a sealed guilty plea might have resulted in the revocation of his licence to work as a financial securities broker. Mr Stone has confirmed the authenticity of the emails, but he denies having any advance knowledge about the WikiLeaks documents. He told the Washington Post that he was only engaging in "political gossip". The special counsel's office has declined to comment on the authenticity of the draft deal or anything else related to this story. In previous indictments, the special counsel has alleged that Russia was behind the hacks of Mr Podesta and Democratic Party officials - a conclusion echoed by the US intelligence community. It has also asserted that WikiLeaks was the outlet chosen by the Russians to inject the purloined documents into the US political bloodstream during the hotly contested presidential elections. Now, it appears, Mr Mueller's team is aggressively pursuing inquiries into whether there are any lines that go from WikiLeaks directly to the Trump campaign. Mr Stone, who has said in the past that he suspects he will be indicted at some point, could be a key piece of the puzzle. 2. What Trump knew The Corsi news is particularly noteworthy because it pulls the curtain back a bit on the next phase of the Mueller investigation - the heart of his mandate to probe possible ties between Russia and the Trump presidential campaign. It wasn't the only bit of relevant news on the special counsel investigation this week, however. On Wednesday CNN offered the first possible glimpse at the answers Mr Trump gave the special counsel in response to written questions related to the Russia probe. The president, according to two sources, writes that he did not talk to Mr Stone about WikiLeaks and had no prior knowledge about the June 2016 Trump Tower meeting between Donald Trump Jr and other campaign officials and a group of Russians. Mr Trump Jr had been told prior to the meeting that the Russians had information that would incriminate Democrat Hillary Clinton, as part of that country's alleged efforts to support the Trump campaign. "If it's what you say I love it," the eldest Trump son replied in an email. The president has publicly denied any advanced knowledge of this meeting and insisted that it was a routine effort to gather information about a political opponent that ended in nothing. Now it seems he has made similar statements under oath - although the CNN sources say the president qualified his answers by writing that they were "to the best of his recollection". Needless to say, if evidence emerges that Mr Trump was informed in advance of the Trump Tower meeting - which included Trump Jr, Manafort and son-in-law Jared Kushner - that could be politically and, at this point, legally explosive. 3. A blocked phone number California congressman Adam Schiff, who is set to chair the House Intelligence Committee when Democrats take control of the chamber in January, says one of the first things he will investigate is whether Mr Trump Jr spoke with his father about the meeting. In particular, he says he's interested in a phone call the son made to a blocked number the evening after his "I love it" email confirming the meeting with the Russians. "Republicans refused to look at the phone records so that we could find out [the recipient of the call] because they were afraid of what the answer might be," Mr Schiff told USA Today. According to an article in Observer.com, however, Mr Trump Jr's attitude toward the inquiry is a "yawn". The website - formerly the New York Observer, which Trump son-in-law Kushner purchased in 2006 - cites a friend of Mr Trump Jr's saying the number wasn't blocked, it was "private" and that he makes thousands of calls a day and can't be expected to remember each one. 4. Manafort denies meeting Assange Speaking of explosive revelations, on Tuesday morning the Guardian reported that Manafort met with Mr Assange at the Ecuadorian embassy in London in 2013, 2015 and March 2016, just as Manafort was pushing to get involved in the Trump campaign. If true, this could be another possible line between WikiLeaks and the Trump team - and would be of considerable interest to the special counsel's office. There are a number of big "buts" to attach to this story, however. First, the Guardian has weakened the language of the article since it was first published, with the addition of some conditional tenses and words like "apparent" and "might have". Second, WikiLeaks has vehemently denied the story, questioning the author's credibility and threatening a lawsuit for libel against the newspaper. Manafort, as well, has pushed back against report, saying he never met Mr Assange. Then again, WikiLeaks and Mr Assange also denied having any contact with long-time Trump associate Roger Stone - and it later turned out they were in communication in October 2016. Other news organisations have yet to independently confirm any of the Guardian's reporting. That this story came out on the heels of Mr Mueller's court filing that Manafort had repeatedly lied and was in violation of his plea agreement to co-operate with the investigators has raised eyebrows, however. The special counsel's office has told the judge overseeing the case that it will offer a "detailed sentencing submission" that explains the extent of Manafort's misconduct. If the submission is made public, it could be extremely revealing. ..but he did go to Ecuador CNN's Carl Bernstein has also reported that the special counsel's office is investigating a May 2017 trip Manafort made to Ecuador, where he met that nation's president, Lenin Moreno. The Ecuadorian president's office has explained that the meeting was regarding Chinese investment in a state-owned power company, but Mr Mueller's team is reportedly interested in whether Mr Assange or WikiLeaks came up in conversations. 6. An accidental slip In more Assange news, the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press tried to convince a federal judge on Tuesday to reveal whether the WikiLeaks founder had been secretly indicted by the US government. The effort relates to the accidental inclusion of Mr Assange's name in an unrelated indictment, prompting speculation that a government lawyer had used an Assange-related document as a template and forgotten to change all the references. "The only thing we've admitted is we made a mistake," a government lawyer told the judge. If Mr Assange does have secret charges filed against him, there's further details on the nature of the indictment - and whether it's at all related to Mr Mueller's probe. The reporters group "makes a compelling argument that the public has a right to know what the charges are now that the cat is three-quarters of the way out of the bag," a lawyer for Assange told ABC News after the lawsuit was filed. The judge said the parties in the case have two weeks to make further arguments in the case before she renders her decision. 7. Big trouble or big boost? In his recent book, Trump's Enemy, former Trump presidential campaign manager Corey Lewandowski writes that, for all his grousing about the "witch hunt" investigation, the president himself feels the Mueller probe has made him politically more powerful. "I think it makes my base stronger," Mr Trump tells Lewandowski in the book. "I would have never said this to you. But I think the level of love now is far greater than when we won." Will the love still be there after Mr Mueller is done? It's now closer to the day Mr Trump could be re-elected than it is to the day he first won. The time is coming when voters will have a chance to prove him right - or wrong.

अमेरिका के मध्यावधि चुनाव समाप्त होने के साथ, अमेरिका में ध्यान फिर से तेजी से वापस आ गया कि रॉबर्ट म्यूलर अपना अगला कदम कब उठाएंगे। यह पता चला कि प्रतीक्षा केवल तीन सप्ताह से अधिक थी।


Stonehaven's Maritime Rescue Institute to close down

Summary: Stonehaven's Maritime Rescue Institute (MRI) is being forced to close its doors after failing to recover from storm damage, the charity has said.

The MRI - which provides search and rescue and emergency response services - said it was left without any boats in the water after its base at the harbour was deluged in last December's storm. The charity said it had already been struggling with falling donations. Its board decided there was no other option but to close down.

चैरिटी ने कहा है कि तूफान से हुए नुकसान से उबरने में विफल रहने के बाद स्टोनहेवन के समुद्री बचाव संस्थान (एमआरआई) को अपने दरवाजे बंद करने के लिए मजबूर होना पड़ रहा है।


Rochdale grooming: 'Why did I get a criminal record when I was a victim?'

Summary: A victim of Rochdale grooming gangs has told the BBC that convictions she received as a teenager - for offences linked to the abuse she was suffering - have destroyed her hopes of a career. A senior police officer has joined calls for a review on criminal records of child exploitation victims.

By Alys Harte & Sally ChesworthFile on 4 It's now 10 years since the start of the police investigation that led to the Rochdale grooming trial. The scandal shocked the nation - and helped change the way the criminal justice system treats victims of grooming. But the story is far from over. Last month we met Daisy*, who found herself at the centre of the scandal all those years ago. She's now in her late 20s. But when she was just 12, she was groomed and sexually abused by gangs of adult men. Daisy gave evidence at the Rochdale grooming trial; her testimony about the abuse she witnessed helped put men in prison. But the consequences of what happened to her are still preventing her from moving on with her life. In a disused hotel ballroom just off the M60 in Greater Manchester, she describes to us how the authorities knew she was at risk, but failed to stop the abuse. Instead of being seen as a victim, Daisy was arrested and prosecuted for offences - many directly linked to the abuse she was suffering. "I got picked up so many times by the police... and it was always when I was out with adult men," she says. "Even though I was kicking and screaming in the back [of the police van] saying 'he's hit me or he's raped me', I was always the one that got arrested. I was like, 'why are you not listening? What about them? I'm only a kid - why is it always me?'" Calls to deport 'appalling grooming trio 'We should have listened to he broken teenagers' One night in 2006, when she was just 14, a man became aggressive after she refused to have sex with him. She says they got into a fight and he hit her in the face. The police were called. That night it was Daisy who was arrested - and later convicted - of a public order offence. The man she accused of assaulting her walked free. Another night - this time in 2007 - Daisy says she was burnt with a heated metal spoon as punishment for refusing to have sex with a man at a house party. When police arrived, she says they did not believe her version of events. Instead, when she became upset and disruptive, she was arrested and later convicted of disorderly behaviour. She still has a scar on her arm and as far as we know, the man who abused her was never investigated. 'Why can't I get a job?' The convictions she received as a teen continue to hold her back to this day. Daisy had ambitions to become a social worker, to use her painful past to help others in the future. But because of an obligation to disclose criminal convictions, she has been prevented from pursuing her chosen career. The men who abused her have never been prosecuted. "I'm nearly 30 years old, this started when I was 12," she says. "Why have I still got a criminal record? Why can't I get a job? "[The police] messed up, not me. Why's nothing happened to the police? Why has nothing happened to these men? Why is it me that suffers still?" Harriet Wistrich, director of the Centre for Women's Justice, is supporting Daisy in a civil action against Greater Manchester Police and the Crown Prosecution Service. "This is something I feel very strongly about," she says. "Any criminal convictions that [Daisy] has, have been as a direct consequence of the abuse and exploitation. She not only suffered at the time [of the abuse] but she continues to suffer because of the criminal records. "She yearns to put her awful experiences to some value. I think it's wrong that she be held back in this way." Assistant Chief Constable Mabs Hussain of Greater Manchester Police told the BBC he thought while cases should be reviewed on an individual basis, now was the time for a wider, national debate in cases where young people may have been criminalised as a result of exploitation. In relation to historical failures, he apologised to Daisy. He said there was no doubt she was a victim of horrendous abuse and exploitation and he accepted that the police response "could and should have been better". "Our understanding [of these crimes] at the time wasn't as developed and our practice wasn't as improved as it is today. "It's not an excuse... that's the reality of where we are." He added that significant improvements had been made to the way child sexual exploitation is investigated and encouraged anyone with any concerns to please get in touch. "You will be supported and you will be heard." *To protect her identity the victim's name has been changed. File on 4 - Groomed, abused and put in prison: Rochdale's untold story will be broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on Tuesday 14 July at 20:00 BST and repeated on Sunday 19 July at 17:00 BST.

रॉचडेल ग्रूमिंग गिरोहों की एक पीड़ित ने बीबीसी को बताया है कि उसे किशोरावस्था में मिली दोषसिद्धि-उस दुर्व्यवहार से जुड़े अपराधों के लिए जो वह झेल रही थी-ने उसके करियर की उम्मीदों को नष्ट कर दिया है। एक वरिष्ठ पुलिस अधिकारी ने बाल शोषण पीड़ितों के आपराधिक रिकॉर्ड की समीक्षा के लिए कॉल में शामिल हो गए हैं।


Confessions of a British Carnival dancer

Summary: Friends laughed when Antonia Eklund, a fair-skinned British woman, said she would be auditioning for one of Rio's famous Afro-Brazilian samba schools. But she succeeded, and for the last three months has been shimmying and sweating - with some ups and downs - in preparation for this weekend's Carnival.

The archetypal samba dancer flounces a bounty of curves, from her cascading curls to her wide, barely-covered hips. I watched the girls in rehearsal as I waited for my audition with the Unidos da Tijuca samba school - the defending Carnival champions - and wondered what I was doing. Few Europeans, or even white Brazilians, pass muster as passistas - as the samba dancers are called - and our attempts are usually stereotyped as a stiff shuffle. There was one thing in my favour, though - at least I hoped there was. The theme of Tijuca's show this year is Switzerland, in honour of renowned carnival designer Clovis Bornay, the son of a Swiss immigrant, whose young imagination was fed with stories of snowy mountains and strange European creatures. I accepted that I couldn't bust out the same curves at the gym or tan-up in a few days before for the audition. But I had noticed that not everything about the passistas' look was genetic. While a few maintained their natural hair - tight braids and short afros - many had extravagant weaves, known here as "mega hair" - so I impulsively fixed in some extensions to my own hair, shallowly thinking that the bigger it was, the greater my chances of success. After an hour's wait, I was thrust into a 40-minute freestyle in Tijuca's public Saturday-night show. I was dressed up but not warmed up and it was knackering. Another word for female samba dancers is mulata, meaning "mixed-race woman". The mulata is the counterpart of the trilby-tipping, quick-stepping malandro bad-boy, and shimmies around him in a playful, provocative manner. Some girls challenged me to aggressive dance-offs and stripped the malandros away. Afterwards, the director told me I was sambaing backwards rather than forwards - and I realised I had a long way to go. My mum helpfully pointed out that it should be obvious that samba moves forwards, given the great event is a 700m procession. I scraped into a second-round audition, at which point one feisty but supportive passista told me I should upgrade my heels. The racing samba step is performed on tip-toe, so a higher platform shoe supports the ankle and actually helps you samba for longer. Never before had I thought of stripper heels as serious sports equipment. I had to get some quickly, but you can't buy them in Copacabana, where I and most of my foreigner friends have settled. Unlike the cool, affluent Bossa Nova movement which went global in the 1950s straight from Rio's southern beachfront, the samba hub centres on poorer areas such as Madureira, further north. Each samba school was established in a particular favela - an area of informal housing or shanty town - and they maintain strong community ties. After a gruelling third audition, the director took me on, and I was living my dream. We rehearsed twice a week, sweating what seemed like half our body weight in huge community parties driven by the bateria drums. In the changing rooms, I was enlightened to many new Portuguese terms that my language degree had passed over in silence - "adhesive bras", "blister tape" and, dare I say it, the "camel toe". The girls called me nega or pretinha, words literally meaning black girl, but often used in the sense of "babe" or "honey". It made me laugh, but it was spontaneous and welcoming. On Thursdays we rehearsed in the street as practice for the procession in the stadium. Among the potholes I learnt that some decent training is needed to get the best out of those heels. One Thursday I fell and sprained my ankle. I had to use an immobilising boot for three weeks and got plenty of practice with phrases such as "ice-packs", "anti-inflammatories", "physiotherapy" and, worst of all, "total inactivity". If you say in Portuguese that you "fell in samba", it gives the idea of fully letting go - losing all inhibitions in the dance. For many Brazilians, I had - hilariously - turned the popular phrase into a literal misfortune. Some, however, took the misfortune more seriously and told me I had underestimated the religious side of samba. So, unsure but curious, I was taken to a healer of the Afro-Brazilian religion, Umbanda. Heavy rain on the tin roof competed with guttural convulsions and cries of "Maria", as chosen mediators received the spirits. I sat in a back room with an old lady in white who leant forward on widely parted knees, smoking a wooden pipe. The vovo, I was told, lends her body to the spirits to converse with believers. On a shelf behind her stood figurines of saints and Latin American Orixa deities. Under colonial rule, African slaves assigned Catholic images to their own deities, using them as masks to secretly continue their own traditional worship. Similarities were found between the Catholic Saint George and the Yoruba god of war, Ogum, for example, and the traditions began to fuse. The vovo told me I had been injured by harmful energies born of territorial resentment. This olho-grande or "big-eye", she explained, is different from voodoo, when a stronger charm is ceremoniously prepared. To become a real passista, she said, I had to look after my spiritual guardians, and they would protect me. Credit to the spirits or to my physiotherapist, that week I was dancing again - with just two weeks to regain my fitness for the parade. Carnival is an important event in the Christian calendar - the last blow-out before Lent - but many of the samba schools were established by Umbanda priests, and some drumming riffs invoke the African deities that are often depicted in the floats. So it's a vibrant manifestation of Brazil's post-colonial melting-pot culture. Tijuca, in particular, continues to push this forward, celebrating the presence of immigrant communities such as the Swiss. Many thought that I was Swiss and had been imported as part of the theme. Either way, I was fortunate to be given a role in this cultural mix and with any luck will be samba-ing forward rather than backwards on Monday. Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.

दोस्त तब हंसे जब एक गोरी चमड़ी वाली ब्रिटिश महिला एंटोनिया एकलुंड ने कहा कि वह रियो के प्रसिद्ध एफ्रो-ब्राजीलियाई सांबा स्कूलों में से एक के लिए ऑडिशन देगी। लेकिन वह सफल रही, और पिछले तीन महीनों से इस सप्ताहांत के कार्निवल की तैयारी में कुछ उतार-चढ़ाव के साथ पसीना बह रहा है।


Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus: The Ethiopian at the heart of the coronavirus fight

Summary: Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, head of the World Health Organization (WHO), is something of a superstar these days.

By Imogen FoulkesBBC News, Geneva The entire planet hangs on his every word as he explains, during regular press conferences at WHO headquarters in Geneva, just how widespread the Covid-19 pandemic now is and what countries must do to defeat it. A who's who of world leaders joined him, virtually, at one of those meetings last month - France's President Emmanuel Macron, Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel, and South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa - all pledging support for the WHO's efforts to end the pandemic, and find a vaccine. Pop star Lady Gaga turned up a week before that, announcing an online music festival One World Together at Home - with a host of big names from Billy Eilish, to Elton John, to the Rolling Stones. No other senior UN official, not even the UN Secretary General himself, has ever received so much attention. Very determined man Dr Tedros, as he likes to be known, is the first African head of the WHO. He took office two-and-a-half years ago promising to reform the organisation, and to tackle the illnesses that kill millions each year: malaria, measles, childhood pneumonia, and HIV/Aids. A certain political wiliness has become apparent too as Dr Tedros faces down more than just the virus itself. He has weathered bitter criticism - most notably from the US - of his handling of the pandemic, which the WHO declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January. A PHEIC is the WHO's highest level of health emergency. That means it requires 24-hour monitoring, deployment of medical staff, equipment and medicines, daily discussions with affected countries and countries who might be affected, and of course, a steady stream of reliable information for an anxious world desperate for immediate answers. A huge task for the "charming" and "unassuming" 55-year-old at the organisation's head. At his first press conference as WHO director general, the Geneva-based journalists quickly realised Dr Tedros' style would be very different. He strolled in smiling, sat down and chatted in a very relaxed way, his voice sometimes so quiet it was difficult to hear him. That was a very big change from his more formal predecessor, Margaret Chan. And yet, behind that quiet manner, there lies a very determined man. Before becoming head of the WHO, he climbed through the ranks of Ethiopia's government, becoming health minister and then foreign minister. He could not have risen that far by being self-effacing. How brother's tragic death motivated him Dr Tedros was born in 1965 in Asmara, which became Eritrea's capital after independence from Ethiopia in 1991, and grew up in northern Ethiopia's Tigray region. One formative, and now motivating experience, was the death of a younger brother, who was around four years old at the time, he told Time magazine in November. Later, as a student, Dr Tedros came to suspect it was measles that killed him. "I didn't accept it; I don't accept it even now," he was quoted as saying, adding that it was unfair that a child should die from a preventable disease just because he was born in the wrong place. "All roads should lead to universal health coverage. I will not rest until we have met this," he told the World Health Assembly shortly before his election as WHO chief. As the coronavirus pandemic exposes the fragility of even the richest countries' health sectors in a crisis, Dr Tedros and his supporters believe it's the best argument there is for a radical global commitment to universal health coverage. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus Bornin Asmara in 1965 Completed PhDin community health in 2000 Health minister2005-2012 Foreign minister 2012-2016 ElectedWHO director general in 2017 Dr Tedros became a member of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), which was in the vanguard of the 1991 overthrow of Ethiopia's Marxist dictator, Mengistu Haile Mariam. As a government minister from 2005, he was seen as more approachable and friendly than some of his more austere TPLF comrades. He has been praised for reforming the health sector and improving access to health care in Ethiopia, Africa's most populous state after Nigeria. But when he was in charge, his ministry was known to discourage journalists from reporting about suspected cholera cases in the country. 'Coaxing China to transparency' During his highly efficient and ultimately successful campaign to lead the WHO, Dr Tedros' supporters dismissed allegations that he had covered up cholera outbreaks. That is why "persuasive" and "political" are also words which crop up regularly when discussing his leadership of the WHO. He knows that the WHO's success tackling global health crises depends on the co-operation of the organisation's 194 member states. During the current Ebola outbreak in DR Congo which is also a PHEIC, he has travelled there several times, not just to see the situation but to also talk to government leaders. And he moved quickly to visit Beijing when news of the coronavirus outbreak emerged. "His strategy is to coax China to transparency and international co-operation rather than criticising the government," says Lawrence Gostin, Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University. But has that actually worked? Some WHO watchers have criticised the effusive praise heaped on China for its containment measures. Criticised by Trump After his trip to Beijing, Dr Tedros said China had set "a new standard for outbreak control". A few days later, he told world leaders meeting at the Munich Security Conference that China's actions had "bought the world time". Such comments sit uneasily with the knowledge that China arrested health workers who first raised the alarm about the outbreak. The US, with President Donald Trump leading the way, has cut its funding to the WHO, saying the organisation botched its efforts to control the pandemic. Dr Tedros knows very well just how serious the US funding cut is, not just on an immediate financial level, but to the whole UN system, based as it is on a multilateral approach to the world's biggest threats. He has been careful to say that he "regrets" the US decision, and his only mention of Mr Trump was to say he thought the president was handling the US' virus outbreak well. But that all-star line up of world leaders, in which the US was conspicuous by its absence, was a political masterstroke. It laid the groundwork for an accelerated development of treatments and vaccines, and promised the resulting medicines would be fairly priced, and available to all. At the same time it sent a signal to Washington: Look, we're all here getting on with this crisis together, where are you? Dither and delay? So is there any foundation to the US charge that the WHO waited too long to declare a PHEIC? "I was one of the first to ask him to call a PHEIC," says Prof Gostin. "Having said that, it was only a short delay and I don't think the timing had any impact on the trajectory of Covid-19." "I do worry quite a bit however that his effusive praise for China could in the long term tarnish the WHO's reputation as a trusted scientific authority willing to speak truth to power." Meg Davis, a global health specialist at Geneva's Graduate Institute, views the WHO's position as an awkward one. "All my sympathies go to [them], they were in a tough spot," she says. "China was the place where we first saw the outbreak. They [WHO] sent a team to China, wrote generally an accurate report about the things China was doing well. "But they didn't talk about censorship, or repression of whistleblowers… and because they didn't do that, they are now having to pay a ridiculous price." Now is not the time, says Dr Davis, to start cutting funding. "At this moment we really need the WHO more than ever. We need a functional well-resourced organisation, to analyse the data and gather evidence of what works." So while Dr Tedros may be political, a lot of that political effort seems to be spent reassuring authoritarian, opaque governments, in a bid to get them to work with the WHO to tackle diseases which threaten global health. When it comes to perceiving how that effort may be viewed by governments in Western democracies, his political skills may not be quite so sharp. Shortly after taking office he proposed Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe's president at the time, as a WHO goodwill ambassador, saying he had worked to make Zimbabwe "a country that places universal health coverage and health promotion at the centre of its policies". Only after days of outrage, not just from governments, but from human rights groups, who pointed to the deprivation that Mr Mugabe's regime had inflicted on its people, did Dr Tedros decide to withdraw his proposal. 'Pitiful funding for WHO' It is not the first time the WHO has been in the spotlight for allegedly handling a disease outbreak badly. Dr Tedros' predecessor Margaret Chan was criticised for a perceived overreaction to the 2010 swine flu outbreak, over which she declared a pandemic and advised countries to spend millions on medicines most did not, in the end, need. Then she was seen to react far too slowly to West Africa's catastrophic Ebola outbreak, which claimed at least 11,000 lives. "Damned if you do, damned if you don't," is a phrase you often hear at WHO headquarters. Prof Gostin believes Dr Tedros has become "the symbol of leadership" in the course of the coronavirus crisis. But, he warns, the WHO's "fundamental weaknesses are still there, including pitiful funding". 'My focus is on saving lives' The success of Dr Tedros, and the WHO as a whole, at handling the coronavirus will not be really clear until the crisis is over. For now, he will keep on advising countries to prepare, to diagnose, to trace, and to contain. And so he continues with his press conferences. He knows they are being watched around the world, in every time zone. He begins each with the words "Good morning, good afternoon, and good evening". Despite the pressure to come up with answers, and despite the constant media spotlight, he remains quiet and friendly. His only flash of passion came when he was asked, for the umpteenth time, what his response was to the personal criticism of him. "I don't have extra energy for that," he said. "My focus is on saving lives."

विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन (डब्ल्यूएचओ) के प्रमुख डॉ. टेड्रोस अदनोम घेब्रेयसस इन दिनों एक सुपरस्टार हैं।


Is Turkey still a democracy?

Summary: What has happened to Turkey? Four years ago, it was held up by the West as a model for the Muslim world: a democracy (albeit flawed) that was negotiating EU membership and advancing towards a peace settlement with its Kurdish minority.

By Mark LowenBBC Turkey correspondent It was seen as an anchor of stability in the volatile Middle East - although critics here believe the perception from outside was already skewed. This week, the World Justice Project's rule of law index placed Turkey 99th of 113 countries, just behind Iran and Myanmar. It has reclaimed its place as the world's main jailer of journalists. A couple of analysts who I asked to interview for this piece were unwilling to be quoted, for fear of speaking out. "It is the end of democracy", the HDP's Deputy President Hisyar Ozsoy told the BBC. "We didn't have much democracy anyway, but even the very limited democratic space is totally wiped out". Consider what has happened in the past week: Tyrant or saviour? Is Turkey still a democracy? As ever, it depends on which side you speak to in this polarised country. The victims of the post-coup purge, leftists, secularists and Erdogan critics believe democracy here died some time ago as the president, shaken by challenges, expelled or sued opponents and fell back on a close circle of ultra loyalists. But the other half of the country - and it is split almost evenly in two - revere a man they believe has transformed Turkey for the better and is misunderstood by the outside world. They feel the level of Turkey's threat from terrorism - from the PKK, 'Gulenists' and its geographical misfortune of bordering Iraq and Syria - is not appreciated by the West. All politicians are corrupt, goes the argument, but at least this President gave the pious side of the country equality, built hospitals and schools, and is the big leader that Turks crave. More from Turkey: Turkey detains opposition journalists Pro-Kurd party denounces arrests Kurdish mayors of Turkish city detained Turkey-Iraq row threatens Mosul offensive The night of 15 July is held up by the government and its supporters as a sign of Turkey's democratic maturity: when more than 240 people were killed on the streets resisting the tanks and coup-plotters, blocking the fifth military takeover in Turkey's history and stating loudly that Turks will choose their leaders at the ballot box rather than at gunpoint. But the kind of democracy that was defended that night is still heavily contested. Unity against the coup did not equal unity in favour of this government. Elections are still relatively free here, but not fair. The governing AK party hugely dominates the media, and is accused of intimidating voters. There are a (decreasing) handful of non-government supporting media. And Turkey remains a vital member of NATO, although its relationship with the US is increasingly fractious over Washington's support for the Syrian Kurds fighting IS, and it has been excluded from the coalition offensive on Mosul because of strained ties with Baghdad. Turkey is the vital partner the West can't afford to drop. But when it comes to visions of democracy, there are two realities in Turkey - each side has its own narrative. And increasingly, never the twain shall meet.

तुर्की को क्या हुआ है? चार साल पहले, इसे पश्चिम ने मुस्लिम दुनिया के लिए एक मॉडल के रूप में रखा थाः एक लोकतंत्र (हालांकि त्रुटिपूर्ण) जो यूरोपीय संघ की सदस्यता के लिए बातचीत कर रहा था और अपने कुर्द अल्पसंख्यकों के साथ शांति समझौते की दिशा में आगे बढ़ रहा था।


Staffordshire drink driving campaign leads to more arrests

Summary: Staffordshire Police have said they believe the number of people drink driving in the county has not increased, despite making more arrests over the festive period.

Police arrested 150 drivers between 1 December and 1 January, compared to 118 in the same period last year. The number of breath tests they carried out also increased from 1,803 to 2,320. Ch Insp Steve Smytheman said: "The percentage of those tested who were positive is very similar to last year." He said not all the drivers arrested during the campaign would end up in court as some may have passed the second, evidential test at the police station.

स्टैफोर्डशायर पुलिस ने कहा है कि उनका मानना है कि त्योहारों की अवधि में अधिक गिरफ्तारियां करने के बावजूद काउंटी में शराब पीकर गाड़ी चलाने वाले लोगों की संख्या में वृद्धि नहीं हुई है।


Boy, 3, critical after being hit by vehicle in Jersey

Summary: A three-year-old boy was seriously injured when he was struck by a vehicle in Jersey.

Paramedics were called to Millennium Town Park in St Helier at 15:51 BST and later took the boy to Jersey General Hospital. The boy is visiting the island with his family from the UK mainland and his treatment is ongoing, said Jersey Police. His condition in hospital has been described as critical.

जर्सी में एक वाहन की चपेट में आने से तीन साल का एक लड़का गंभीर रूप से घायल हो गया।


Why don't Syrian refugees stay in Turkey?

Summary: More than a million migrants crossed the Mediterranean last year to reach Europe - usually in dangerously overcrowded boats. Many were Syrians who had fled their country's civil war - as featured in a series of videos published on the BBC website this week. Here we answer readers' questions about why they were prepared to risk drowning at sea to reach Europe, after crossing the Syrian border into Turkey.

Turkey is a safe place - why don't they stay there? The majority of Syrians in Turkey and other countries that neighbour Syria are staying where they are. It's only a minority who try to make the journey to Europe. An estimated 4.9 million Syrians have left their homes to seek asylum abroad since the conflict started in 2011. By the end of 2015, Turkey was hosting 2.5 million refugees - mostly from Syria. But things are often getting worse for the refugees rather than better, as time goes on. "After five years of conflict, many are slipping deeper and deeper into poverty," says UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) spokesperson Ariane Rummery. "Many children are still not in school... in Turkey for example only about 40% of the refugees are in school. "Further afield, many of them think they will have a better chance of education and rebuilding their lives." People don't want to stay in camps indefinitely. It has also been hard for refugees to get work in Turkey, although legislation has recently been introduced that may make it easier to get a work permit. Why don't they travel to Europe legally - can't they go to an embassy in Turkey and apply there? The British Home Office says that people seeking asylum should do so in the first safe country they reach. As the UK deems Turkey to be a safe country, they are unable to go to the British embassy in Ankara to apply to move to the UK. The UK is not alone in taking this approach - many other countries do the same. There are very few legal ways to travel, says Rummery. "The vast majority of countries do not issue visas for people fleeing danger so they can book a plane ticket and fly safely and then apply for asylum." However, a few nations, such as Brazil, offer special humanitarian visas. Brazilian embassies in countries neighbouring Syria issue visas so that people can travel legally. They can then claim asylum as soon as they arrive in Brazil. The Home Office points out that the UK has committed to resettling 20,000 Syrians in the UK during this parliament, which is due to run until 2020. These people will be selected from the countries neighbouring Syria, with the help of the UNHCR. Those who have crossed the Mediterranean and entered the European Union will not be eligible. Why don't Syrian refugees go to countries closer to home? The vast majority of Syrian refugees are being hosted in neighbouring countries. As well as the 2.5 million in Turkey, there are about one million in Lebanon - whose own population is only just over four million. Jordan has 628,000 and Egypt 117,000. Rummery adds that the Gulf Cooperation Council has released figures showing there are 1.5 million Syrians in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman. Because these countries are not signatories to the Refugee Convention, Syrians there are not officially counted as refugees and they are not included in the UNHCR's 4.9 million figure. Also, some were already in these countries as migrant workers before the war began; their families have since been allowed to join them. Why are they coming to the UK instead of going to other European countries? Many migrants are applying for asylum in other European countries. UNHCR figures show that Germany had the most new applications in 2015 - 441,900 in total, of which 158,700 were made by Syrians. Sweden had 156,400 new applications for asylum - 50,900 from Syrians. In October last year, the Home Office reported that the UK had taken in more than 5,000 refugees and asylum seekers from Syria since 2011. In the year to March 2016, a total of 1,981 asylum requests were granted, plus a further 1,667 under the vulnerable person resettlement scheme. Why don't young Syrian men stay at home and fight for their country? Some have fought to defend their own cities, and have fled only after being defeated. Others may be at risk of forced recruitment into an armed group they do not support. "People will try to avoid fighting for IS or other armed groups who stop them at checkpoints," says Rummery. Some Syrians may be unsure whether any of the warring factions are fighting for the good of the country. "There isn't a simple clear narrative of who the different parties are - there is a multitude of armed actors," says Rummery. How can they afford mobile phones? Many of the refugees had well-paid jobs before the war and had a high standard of living. Phones are crucial for migrants - they are a way to stay in touch with family, as well as a source of information such as maps and contacts. If they have not got a smartphone anyway, a family planning to travel to Europe will do whatever they can to buy one. Exodus: Our Journey To Europe was broadcast on BBC Two at 21:00 on Monday 11, Tuesday 12 and Wednesday 13 July. Catch up here. Follow @BBCNewsMagazine on Twitter and on Facebook

पिछले साल दस लाख से अधिक प्रवासियों ने यूरोप पहुंचने के लिए भूमध्य सागर पार किया-आमतौर पर खतरनाक रूप से भीड़भाड़ वाली नौकाओं में। कई सीरियाई थे जो अपने देश के गृहयुद्ध से भाग गए थे-जैसा कि इस सप्ताह बीबीसी वेबसाइट पर प्रकाशित वीडियो की एक श्रृंखला में दिखाया गया है। यहां हम पाठकों के सवालों के जवाब देते हैं कि वे तुर्की में सीरियाई सीमा पार करने के बाद यूरोप पहुंचने के लिए समुद्र में डूबने का जोखिम उठाने के लिए क्यों तैयार थे।


Kim Jong-nam: VX dose was 'high and lethal'

Summary: Kim Jong-nam, the half-brother of North Korea's leader, was given a very high amount of the toxic nerve agent VX and he died in pain within 15-20 minutes, Malaysia's health minister says.

No antidote would have worked, said Subramaniam Sathasivam. Mr Kim died two weeks ago after two women accosted him in a check-in hall at Kuala Lumpur International Airport. They say they thought they were doing a TV prank. North Korea denies killing the high-profile critic of the regime. Re-tracing the killers' steps Who in North Korea could organise a VX murder? Unravelling the mystery of Kim Jong-nam's death VX is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations. A drop on the skin can kill in minutes. Indonesian national Siti Aisyah, 25, one of two women held, told Indonesian embassy officials that she was given 400 Malaysian ringgit ($80; £72) to smear Kim Jong-nam's face with "baby oil" as part of a reality show joke. Doan Thi Huong, a Vietnamese national born in 1988, has also said she thought she was taking part in a television prank. Malaysian police say the attackers had been trained to wash their hands immediately after the attack. Some experts have suggested that they might have each smeared two different non-lethal elements of VX, which became deadly when mixed on Mr Kim's face. A North Korean man has also been arrested in connection with the killing. At least seven other suspects are wanted for questioning by police, including Hyon Kwang Song, 44, second secretary at the North Korean embassy in Kuala Lumpur. On Sunday, Malaysian authorities swept the airport and declared it safe. They are also analysing samples found at a flat said to have been rented by suspects. What is the deadly VX nerve agent? Read more about VX Who was Kim Jong-nam? The well-travelled and multilingual oldest son of late North Korean leader Kim Jong-il, he was once considered a potential future leader. He has lived abroad for years and was bypassed in favour of his half-brother, Kim Jong-un. He had been travelling on a passport under the name Kim Chol. North Korea has yet to confirm that the deceased was actually Kim Jong-nam. For many years, it was believed Kim Jong-nam was being groomed to succeed his father as the next leader. But that appears to have come to an end in 2001 when Kim was caught sneaking into Japan on a fake passport. He later became one of the regime's most high-profile critics, openly questioning the authoritarian policies and dynastic succession his grandfather Kim Il-sung began crafting in 1948. Kim Jong-nam, North Korea's critic in exile

मलेशिया के स्वास्थ्य मंत्री का कहना है कि उत्तर कोरिया के नेता के सौतेले भाई किम जोंग-नाम को बहुत अधिक मात्रा में विषाक्त तंत्रिका एजेंट वीएक्स दिया गया था और 15-20 मिनटों के भीतर दर्द से उनकी मृत्यु हो गई।


Unlocking the scrolls of Herculaneum

Summary: The British Museum's 2013 show of artefacts from the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, buried in ash during an explosive eruption of Mount Vesuvius, was a sell-out. But could even greater treasures - including lost works of classical literature - still lie underground?

By Robin BanerjiBBC News Magazine For centuries scholars have been hunting for the lost works of ancient Greek and Latin literature. In the Renaissance, books were found in monastic libraries. In the late 19th Century papyrus scrolls were found in the sands of Egypt. But only in Herculaneum in southern Italy has an entire library from the ancient Mediterranean been discovered in situ. On the eve of the catastrophe in 79 AD, Herculaneum was a chic resort town on the Bay of Naples, where many of Rome's top families went to rest and recuperate during the hot Italian summers. It was also a place where Rome's richest engaged in a bit of cultural one-upmanship - none more so than Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, a politician and father-in-law of Julius Caesar. In Herculaneum, Piso built a seaside villa on a palatial scale - the width of its beach frontage alone exceeds 220m (721ft). When it was excavated in the middle of the 18th Century, it was found to hold more than 80 bronze and marble statues of the highest quality, including one of Pan having sex with a goat. When he came to plan his own exercise in cultural showing off, J Paul Getty chose to copy Piso's villa for his own Getty museum in Malibu, California. Piso's grand villa, which has come to be known as the Villa of the Papyri, also contains the only library to have survived from the classical world. It is a relatively small collection, some 2,000 scrolls, which the eruption nearly destroyed and yet preserved at the same time. A blast of furnace-like gas from the volcano at 400C (752F) carbonised the papyrus scrolls, before the town was buried in a fine volcanic ash which later cooled and solidified into rock. When excavators and treasure hunters set about exploring the villa in the 18th Century, they mistook the scrolls for lumps of charcoal and burnt logs. Some were used as torches or thrown on to the fire. But once it was realised what they were - possibly because of the umbilicus, the stick at the centre of the scrolls - the challenge was to find a way to open them. Some scrolls were simply hacked apart with a butcher's knife - with predictable and lamentable results. Later a conservator from the Vatican, Father Antonio Piaggio (1713-1796), devised a machine to delicately open the scrolls. But it was slow work - the first one took around four years to unroll. And the scrolls tended to go to pieces. The fragments pulled off by Piaggio's machine were fragile and hard to read. "They are as black as burnt newspaper," says Dirk Obbink, a lecturer in Papyrology at Oxford University, who has been working on the Herculaneum papyri since 1983. Under normal light the charred paper looks "a shiny black" says Obbink, while "the ink is a dull black and sort of iridesces". Reading it is "not very pleasant", he adds. In fact, when Obbink first began working on them in the 1980s the difficulty of the fragments was a shock. On some pieces, the eye can make out nothing. On others, by working with microscopes and continually moving the fragments to catch the light in different ways, some few letters can be made out. Meanwhile, the fragments fall apart. "At the end of the day there would be black dust on the table - the black dust of the scroll powdering away. I didn't even want to breathe." This all began to change 15 years ago. In 1999, scientists from Brigham Young University in the US examined the papyrus using infrared light. Deep in the infrared range, at a wavelength of 700-900 nanometres, it was possible to achieve a good contrast between the paper and the ink. Letters began to jump out of the ancient papyrus. Instead of black ink on black paper, it was now possible to see black lines on a pale grey background. Scholars' ability to reassemble the texts improved massively. "Most of our previous readings were wrong," says Obbink. "We could not believe our eyes. We were 'blinded' by the real readings. The text wasn't what we thought it was and now it made sense." In 2008, a further advance was made through multi-spectral imaging. Instead of taking a single ("monospectral") image of a fragment of papyrus under infrared light (at typically 800 nanometres) the new technology takes 16 different images of each fragment at different light levels and then creates a composite image. With this technique Obbink is seeking not only to clarify the older infrared images but also to look again fragments that previously defied all attempts to read them. The detail of the new images is so good that the handwriting on the different fragments can be easily compared, which should help reconstruct the lost texts out of the various orphan fragments. "The whole thing needs to be redone," says Obbink. So what has been found? Lost poems by Sappho, the 100-plus lost plays of Sophocles, the lost dialogues of Aristotle? Not quite. Despite being found in Italy, most of the recovered material is in Greek. Perhaps the major discovery is a third of On Nature, a previously lost work by the philosopher Epicurus. But many of the texts that have emerged so far are written by a follower of Epicurus, the philosopher and poet Philodemus of Gadara (c.110-c.40/35BC). In fact, so many of his works are present, and in duplicate copies, that David Sider, a classics professor at New York University, believes that what has been found so far was in fact Philodemus's own working library. Piso was Philodemus's patron. Not all of the villa's scrolls have been unrolled though - and because of the damage they suffer in the unwinding process that work has now been halted. Might it be possible to read them by unrolling them not physically, but virtually? In 2009 two unopened scrolls from Herculaneum belonging to the Institut de France in Paris were placed in a Computerised Tomography (CT) scanner, normally used for medical imaging. The machine, which can distinguish different kinds of bodily tissue and produce a detailed image of a human's internal organs could potentially be used to reveal the internal surfaces of the scroll. The task proved immensely difficult, because the scrolls were so tightly wound, and creased. "We were able to unwrap a number of sections from the scroll and flatten them into 2D images - and on those sections you can clearly see the structure of the papyrus: fibers, sand," says Dr Brent Seales, a computer science professor at the University of Kentucky, who led the effort. But the machine could not distinguish "the chemistry of the ink from the chemistry of the paper," he says. It is unfortunate that ancient ink contains no metal. Seales is continuing to analyse the data produced by the 2009 scan. He has also begun testing a new way of reading the scrolls, using a beam from a particle accelerator. Others are more preoccupied with the idea that there may be more scrolls in the villa waiting to be discovered. Richard Janko, professor of classical studies at the University of Michigan is "pretty certain that there's more there". The villa belonged to Latin-speaking Roman aristocrats, Lucius Calpurnius Piso and his son of the same name - so, Janko reasons, there would have been a Latin library as well as the mostly Greek library already discovered. Secondly, the villa was, he says, not merely a holiday home but a mouseion—a museum-like place to show off a collection of spectacular works of art and literature. If this mouseion had literature to compare to its sculptures, we should expect something more impressive than the working collection of a minor philosopher such as Philodemus. We might even hope for an early edition of the Aeneid, as Virgil and Philodemus knew each other. Thirdly, scrolls were found in various places in the villa. Although some were on shelves and in cabinets, others were piled on the ground and packed in the tubular boxes (capsae) in which scrolls were carried around. Could these boxes have been brought from another part of the building, as yet unknown, where further scrolls remain still? Robert Fowler, professor of classics at Bristol University, points out that near the room where many of the scrolls were found, and on the same level, is a section of the villa that has never been dug up. The Swiss engineer Karl Weber, who led the dig of the villa in the 1750s "was defeated by the nature of the material in the site next to where the scrolls were found," he says. And the villa also has three levels. Only the topmost has been substantially explored so far, but in the 1990s two other layers were partially revealed. In the middle floor, archaeologists have discovered a range of well-furnished rooms with views out to sea, some of which have been opened up while others remain closed. Could this be where the villa's owners kept their good stuff? So far, all we have are guesses. Only digging will provide proof. But Fowler remains hopeful that the villa could yet contain a literary "bonanza". Someday, he is sure, we shall be able to re-read the ancient scrolls. The Italian authorities are reluctant to permit further excavation, arguing that this would be disruptive for residents of the modern town of Ercolano, built literally on top of Herculaneum. They also point out that 300-400 of the original rolls remain unread. In the meantime Fowler tries to keep up the pressure. He reckons that we have perhaps 10% of the great works of classical literature, so any chance to recover the rest is precious. "Just imagine if there were two plays by Shakespeare which we knew of but had never read and which we believed lay underground in a particular place: do you think we would question the decision to dig them up? Do you think we would be hesitating?" And if we did need another reason for speed, there is always the volcano. Mount Vesuvius has erupted a dozen times in the last 200 years, the last major eruption in 1944. As Richard Janko says, another big eruption might end our chance of recovering the ancient literature in Herculaneum for ever. Follow @BBCNewsMagazine on Twitter and on Facebook

ब्रिटिश संग्रहालय ने 2013 में माउंट वेसुवियस के विस्फोटक विस्फोट के दौरान राख में दबी हुई रोमन शहरों पोम्पेई और हरक्यूलेनियम की कलाकृतियों का प्रदर्शन किया था। लेकिन क्या इससे भी बड़ा खजाना-जिसमें शास्त्रीय साहित्य की खोई हुई कृतियाँ भी शामिल हैं-अभी भी भूमिगत हो सकता है?


Blue badge applications U-turn in Neath Port Talbot

Summary: Tough guidelines to decide if disabled parking badge applications should be accepted or refused have been suspended by a council.

The Welsh government brought in new regulations to prevent fraudsters abusing the system in 2013. But Neath Port Talbot council has returned to its old system after complaints the new guidelines made it too hard to qualify for a badge. It has seen a 62% rise in rejections in the last three years.

विकलांग पार्किंग बैज आवेदनों को स्वीकार किया जाना चाहिए या अस्वीकार किया जाना चाहिए, यह तय करने के लिए कठिन दिशानिर्देशों को एक परिषद द्वारा निलंबित कर दिया गया है।


Mexico's erupting Colima volcano triggers evacuations

Summary: Fresh eruptions from the Colima volcano in Mexico have forced the evacuation of hundreds of people from their homes.

Ash and thick black smoke rose from the volcano, 300 miles (482km) west of Mexico City. A flow of lava could be seen pouring down its slopes. More than 350 villagers living in La Yerbabuena and La Becerrera at the foot of the mountain were moved to safety, emergency officials said. Authorities in neighbouring Jalisco state also evacuated some residents. Colima volcano is known in Mexico as the Volcano of Fire. Eruptions earlier this year forced similar evacuations. At that time, Mexico's interior ministry said the volcano was threatening its first major eruption since 1913.

मेक्सिको में कोलिमा ज्वालामुखी से ताजा विस्फोटों ने सैकड़ों लोगों को अपने घरों से निकालने के लिए मजबूर कर दिया है।


The all-female groups discussing harassment

Summary: A series of allegations against prominent men has begun to surface on social media - in all-female groups on WhatsApp, shared Google Docs, and Facebook pages - in the wake of allegations of sexual assault and rape against Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein.

By BBC TrendingGoing in-depth on social media Leaks about British politicians have reached political reporters, but there are further allegations about sexual harassment being circulated online, and they go well beyond politics into the worlds of media, fashion and film. The BBC has seen a list thought to have been compiled by staff and researchers at Westminster, detailing a range of mostly unproven allegations about 40 Conservative MPs and ministers. In other industries, a number of all-female WhatsApp groups have been created, in some cases to warn women about potential harassment. One with the title "Pervy Men of Journalism" includes dozens of mainly UK-based female journalists. You might also be interested in: In addition, Buzzfeed reported on a Google Docs spreadsheet which is now circulating widely. It contains the names of around 70 male journalists - mostly based in the United States - who are accused of a large variety of potential sexual offences or inappropriate behaviours. The groups and documents, along with Facebook pages devoted to exposing sexual harassment allegations, have resulted in several cases of men losing jobs or freelance gigs. WhatsApp groups have been formed by female journalists at a number of companies, including the BBC. Of course, many of these groups are simply digital versions of office chat, and pre-date the Harvey Weinstein allegations. Weinstein has denied all allegations of non-consensual sex made against him. The key difference between offline conversations is the viral nature of some of the documents and chats and their persistence online. For instance, the original spreadsheet about US journalists was deleted, but before very long another version appeared and was widely shared. Some of the groups have been created specifically to talk about harassment, and in addition to politics and media, BBC Trending has learned of similar groups made up of women working in the film and fashion industries. Clearly many more will have sprung up in a variety of companies and fields since the Twitter hashtag campaign #metoo. American model Cameron Russell published messages she received about harassment on her Instagram page with the hashtag #MyJobShouldNotIncludeAbuse. Many of the writers who sent their stories said it was often photographers, bookers, agents and clients who were involved in harassment of models. Cameron Russell says stories like the ones being shared with her are not new. In a post she wrote, "This was not an expose because nothing in these stories should be a revelation for those working in our industry. Instead it was the beginning of a power shift." The phenomenon also isn't limited to the US and the UK. In India, female law student Raya Sarkar posted a list on Facebook of alleged sexual predators in academia. She encouraged other women to come forward anonymously and add to the list, and said the evidence for the allegations came in the form of emails, screenshots, WhatsApp messages and phone recordings. Sarkar says as a result of publishing the list she has been subjected to rape threats and death threats. Writing on her Facebook page she says: "The list will stay for students to be wary." Do you have a story for BBC Trending? Email us. More from Trending: Can a Facebook friend request be 'harassment'? A filmmaker touched off a debate in Pakistan revolving around one question - can a Facebook friend request ever be considered harassment?...READ MORE You can follow BBC Trending on Twitter @BBCtrending, and find us on Facebook. All our stories are at bbc.com/trending.

हॉलीवुड निर्माता हार्वी वेनस्टीन के खिलाफ यौन उत्पीड़न और बलात्कार के आरोपों के मद्देनजर प्रमुख पुरुषों के खिलाफ आरोपों की एक श्रृंखला सोशल मीडिया पर सामने आने लगी है-वॉट्सऐप पर सभी महिला समूहों में, गूगल डॉक्स और फेसबुक पेजों को साझा किया गया है।