Why Icelanders love an explosive eruption

Summary: Do you remember that feeling of being a kid, running after your older siblings and you just couldn't keep up? Your little feet would move as fast as they could, but still you'd lag behind? Well, that's how I feel these days - the reason being a volcano.

By Thora ArnorsdottirIcelandic journalist Every morning I set my alarm for 06:00, not to jump in the shower, but to refresh every website with volcano news from my home country, Iceland. Since 16 August, there have been thousands of earthquakes beneath Europe's largest glacier, Vatnajokull, which covers 3,400 sq miles (8,800 sq km) in south-east Iceland. Scientists believe that this seismic activity is caused by an enormous amount of magma moving around under the Earth's crust - it might even be moving from one volcanic system to another. A small eruption started last week, took a break and started again on Friday 29 August with increased force. The fissure is just north of the glacier, so it's only normal lava flow. It's different if there is an eruption underneath a glacier, a sub glacial eruption - then the magma explodes on contact with the ice and out comes ash. Hold on - jokull, ash - does that remind you of something? "Volcano, I think I'll call you Kevin." That was comedian Jon Stewart's reaction after watching reporters from just about every major TV station in the world try in vain to pronounce the name of the Icelandic volcano that trashed the travel arrangements of millions of people in April 2010. The huge ash cloud from that eruption shut down much of Europe's airspace for six days, leading to the cancellation of 100,000 flights. Even US President Barack Obama couldn't fly. He missed the funeral of the late president of Poland, so did Angela Merkel, the German chancellor and Nicolas Sarkozy, the president of France. Eyjafjallajokull was fourth on Time Magazine's list of top 10 buzzwords for 2010, but the airlines weren't happy - the total cost of the shutdown was estimated to have been around $1.7bn (£1bn). Now, only four years later, it seems it's time to prepare for more disruption. Geological activity comes in waves, and Iceland seems to be in one such phase now. The island is located on the middle of the North-Atlantic ridge and for that reason it is being torn apart. Half of the country belongs to the North American tectonic plate and the other half to the Eurasian one. They move half an inch (1.2cm) or so per year in opposite directions, on average. It looks like 2014 is going to be a 20-inch (50cm) year. That doesn't mean Iceland is actually splitting in two, because enough magma always comes up to fill in the gap. It's not getting larger either, because the Atlantic Ocean nibbles from the shores at a similar pace. The theory is that just beneath Vatnajokull glacier, there is a hot spot, which has nothing to do with internet connections, but connection to the Earth's mantle. Supposedly, this is one of the few places on Earth where such a hot spot exists and that's one reason why a third of the lava that has run over the planet in the last 500 years has been in Iceland. Oh, and here's the icing on the cake. The name of the volcano system involved is Bardarbunga-Dyngjujokull. Beautiful, isn't it? Looks like the big sister of Eyjafjallajokull, alias Kevin. Here's an odd thing. Even though volcanic eruptions have had terrible consequences through the ages, Icelanders love their volcanoes. They name their daughters after them, like Hekla and Katla. They respect them. There's just something majestic about volcanoes, like having a lion in the house. We know they can be dangerous, but we've learned to live with them. Our country is young and dynamic, still being moulded and shaped by nature. Maps have to be changed every few years because of the continuous seismic movement, appearances of new craters and the ever-changing coastal line and river flow. Icelanders exchange stories about where they were when this or that eruption happened, we all tune in to the National Broadcast Service Radio when we feel a robust earthquake, to follow the story. How big was it? Was it just an earthquake or a warning that Mount Hekla is about to erupt? Is it maybe Mount Katla's turn now? The highlands around the Vatnajokull glacier have been evacuated and the few thousand inhabitants in the northern part, where the flood would probably come down, are alert and ready to leave their homes in an instant. It comes without saying that if glowing hot magma finds its way up to the surface under a glacier, an enormous amount of ice will melt - and that water has to go somewhere. So for the past couple of weeks I've been refreshing websites and messaging my friends and family: Has it started? Not yet? Now? What about now? Or now? Most foreigners thought it was because I was worried about them, but that's not the reason. The capital, Reykjavik, is hundreds of miles away and it's very unlikely that anyone there would be in harm's way. No, the reason is very selfish. I'm just anxious about not being there to see it with my own eyes. It's great having the opportunity to spend a semester at Yale as a World Fellow, but for a seasoned Icelandic TV reporter, it's almost unbearable to imagine that I'll miss the Bardarbunga-Dyngjujokull eruption. I follow my colleagues who are already camping out there, following the forces of nature at work. New land is being created and they are just so excited about it. At this moment I'm thrown back to my childhood of growing up with four older brothers and trying my best to keep up with them moving as fast as I can on my little feet, but not keeping up. While you may be hoping that this eruption will be over soon and no ash will be a threat to any jet engines, in order to save a lot of people a lot of trouble and a lot of airlines a lot of money, my only wish is this: Dear Bardarbunga volcano system, Can you please slow down and hold your breath until 15 December, so that I, your loyal admirer, can witness your spectacular show? Yours truly, Thora PS: Scientists now say the eruption might last for years. That's comforting. Kind of. Thora Arnorsdottir is a senior news editor at the Icelandic National Broadcasting Service and a 2014 Yale World Fellow. More from the Magazine Forty one years ago, an Icelandic eruption buried hundreds of houses. Archaeologists have been uncovering what's left of the buildings, giving the island the nickname "Pompeii of the North". An entire museum has been built around the remains of one of the homes. For some people on the island, however, uncovering the remnants of a traumatic past has been difficult. Iceland's 'Pompeii' emerging from the ash Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.

क्या आपको याद है कि एक बच्चा होने के नाते आप अपने बड़े भाई-बहनों के पीछे भाग रहे थे और आप खड़े नहीं रह सकते थे? आपके छोटे पैर जितनी तेजी से चल सकते थे उतने तेजी से चलते थे, लेकिन फिर भी आप पीछे रह जाते थे? ठीक है, मुझे इन दिनों ऐसा ही लगता है-एक ज्वालामुखी होने का कारण।


London Marathon: Why do some runners get 'jelly legs'?

Summary: It's been hailed as the defining image of this year's London Marathon: runner Matthew Rees stopping to help fellow competitor David Wyeth after he almost collapsed just metres from the finish line. But why do some runners' legs turn to jelly?

By Emma HarrisonBBC News With the end in sight, David Wyeth's legs began to buckle. Staggering along The Mall, head dropping, it looked like he would not complete the race. But - in a show of comradeship that has quickly gone viral - fellow runner Matthew Rees stopped, pulled Mr Wyeth up and they completed the 26.2 mile challenge together. "I saw David and his legs had completely collapsed beneath him," the Swansea Harriers runner told BBC Breakfast. "I went over and he said 'I've got to finish' and I said 'you will' and I helped him up." 'Out of petrol' His struggle is reminiscent of an exhausted Jonny Brownlee, who was helped over the finish line by brother Alistair in the Triathlon World Series in Mexico last year. Jonny required treatment but later tweeted he was OK, with a photo of himself lying in a hospital bed on a drip. At the time, Alistair said: "I wish the flippin' idiot had paced it right and crossed the finish line first. "You have to race the conditions. I was comfortable in third. I raced the conditions, I took the water on, made myself cool and I was alright." London Marathon Coach Martin Yelling says it is like runners have "run out of petrol". "At the end of a marathon runners usually have given so much physically that their energy levels are completely depleted - the term is hitting the wall," he says. "What that means is your body is struggling to find enough physical energy to move forward, the body is trying to tell you to stop." He says there is a clear wrestle between physical exhaustion and "incredible mental strength" in runners who have hit the wall. "For every-day runners it is about learning to understand how your body responds. "We would call it listening to your body." Training for a marathon, pacing yourself and the correct fuel and hydration is important in avoiding the wall and the so-called "jelly legs", he says. Tim Navin-Jones, from running club London City Runners, is one runner who can sympathise, having "hit the wall" himself during the New York Marathon. "Your mind is telling you to keep going and your body is getting to the point where it says 'no'," he says. "Your legs really do turn to jelly - it is horrific. "It is like being a really horrible version of drunk. It is sheer exhaustion." Mr Navin-Jones, who has run five marathons among other distances, says it is difficult to know how to pace a marathon for those who have not done it before. A common mistake is runners starting a race too fast, he says. 'Sheer exhaustion' Emma Ross, head of physiology at the English Institute of Sport, says runners "hit the wall" in a marathon when they run out of carbohydrate to use as a fuel for running. "So what you want to try and do is keep your carbohydrate stores topped up during the race to prevent you from predominantly having to use fat as a fuel," she says. "When we use fat as a fuel, we have to go slower because as a process of burning energy it is a more complex and a slower system, so we can only support slower exercise." She also warns that dehydration causes a decrease in blood volume, which makes the heart work harder, so it is important for runners to keep hydrated. Runner Gary McKee completed 100 marathons in 100 days for MacMillan Cancer Support, finishing on Sunday at the London Marathon. The 47-year-old, from Cleator Moor in Cumbria, says he managed to not hit the wall as he paced himself carefully during his challenge. He says runners have to recognise when their body is telling them to stop. "It is down to hydration. You will come to a point when you are tired. "Have you overexerted yourself? Have you had enough calories? Enough carbs? "The more you train, the higher your fitness levels become, so you can sustain it (running) for longer. "If you understand what your body wants, just give it what it wants."

इसे इस साल की लंदन मैराथन की परिभाषित छवि के रूप में सराहा गया हैः धावक मैथ्यू रीस साथी प्रतियोगी डेविड वायेथ की मदद करने के लिए रुकते हैं जब वह फिनिश लाइन से लगभग कुछ मीटर की दूरी पर गिर जाते हैं। लेकिन कुछ धावकों के पैर जेली में क्यों बदल जाते हैं?


Death Comes to Pemberley: Darcy takes on murder mystery

Summary: Death Comes to Pemberley, PD James's crime-busting sequel to Jane Austen's classic Pride and Prejudice, is bringing literary heart-flutterer Mr Darcy back to life on the BBC this Christmas.

By Michael OsbornEntertainment reporter, BBC News It's been two decades since Jane Austen's hero appeared dripping wet after a dip, in the definitive television adaptation of the literary favourite. Colin Firth made his name as the dark-haired, smouldering incarnation of Darcy, who eventually fell in love with Elizabeth Bennet in a happy-ever-after end to the story. The new drama is set on the Darcys' estate six years after the end of Austen's tale, and actor Matthew Rhys is charged with taking on this well-loved character, now settled into married life with children. "They said 'do you want to play Mr Darcy' and I said 'no! absolutely not! But then they said it wasn't for Pride and Prejudice but Death Comes to Pemberley," says the Welshman. "It's a different Darcy, he's six years older, mellower and wiser, but it's still the same character. "I'm the Darcy that everyone knows, but there's that whiff of dramatic licence that I clung to dearly so I could say he was slightly different. "I've made him a lot more Welsh and he's of a similar height to me. But the heavy lifting is left to Colin [Firth]," explains Rhys, meaning that Darcy's sensual dips in the lake have been left behind. Crime writer PD James has created a murder mystery-costume drama 'mash-up' to take the Pride and Prejudice tale forward, which Rhys calls a "very shrewd move". "I think there are about 50 supposed sequels to the novel. This doesn't set you up for direct comparisons of a sequel, and PD James is writing in a style that she's incredibly adept in, but still using incredibly famous characters. "It's a bit of a win-win… You're ticking a lot of boxes," says the 39-year-old. Rhys hints at concern over how the viewing public will take to the mini series, because it throws two major genres into the same pot. "There's an element of a curveball to this. It's not a straightforward costume drama, it's an amalgamation of styles. Viewers might not be sure where to place it or they might say 'this is fresh take on period drama'. "But costume crime-fighting is a lot more interesting because there are no computers, no DNA. Human intuition is always a lot more compelling to watch," says the actor. A lot has been made in the press about a face-off between the BBC's Death Comes to Pemberley and ITV period colossus Downton Abbey. They are both major offerings on our Christmas TV screens - even though the shows aren't pitched directly against one another in the schedules. Pemberley star Rhys downplays the new drama's chances of overcoming its rival. "I don't think we can measure up to Downton, they have a pre-made army of fans. They're already the juggernaut, we're the curveball. They're the loved and revered heavyweight championship boxer, we're the wildcard coming in from the left." He jokes about another way to settle any rivalry: "I'd love to see the casts of Death Comes to Pemberley and Downton do something like a celebrity edition of Total Wipeout - and it would have to be done in period costume." Rhys is no stranger to costume drama, starring in an adaptation of Dickens' The Mystery of Edwin Drood and 1950s thriller The Scapegoat. His screen career has been divided between the UK and US as the star of Brothers and Sisters and The Americans, which he says caused some problems when filming on Death Comes to Pemberley got under way. "Stupidly and arrogantly I went straight from The Americans to Pemberley and thought I was coming home to a genre and period I know, then I put the breeches on after six months of wearing polyester and jumping over cars. "Upper class landed gentry are a bit of a stretch for me and after the first couple of days of rehearsal I thought I'd better pull up my socks here," he explains. Rhys adds that acting in period dramas is "certainly not easy pickings", adding: "I do have a love for the variation that I'm incredibly lucky to do". The three-part drama may be self-contained, but is there a chance of Pemberley becoming a place that is regularly strewn with bodies like Midsomer? In a jocular fashion, Rhys comes up with a pitch for programme executives. "You could have Lizzie Bennett as a regular crime fighter. When she turns up to a dance, someone - preferably with a Scottish accent - tells her there's been a murder. "As Darcy, I could just top and tail it - she'd solve the murder mystery after an hour, come home and I'd ask her how it was from behind my newspaper." Death Comes to Pemberley starts on BBC One on 26 December at 2015 GMT and continues on the 27 and 28 December.

जेन ऑस्टेन की क्लासिक प्राइड एंड प्रेजुडिस की पी. डी. जेम्स की क्राइम-बस्टिंग सीक्वल, डेथ कम्स टू पेम्बर्ली, इस क्रिसमस पर बी. बी. सी. पर साहित्यिक दिल दहला देने वाले मिस्टर डार्सी को फिर से जीवंत कर रही है।


Trump's unlikely Christian covenant

Summary: Donald Trump loves evangelical voters, and they love him.

Anthony ZurcherNorth America reporter@awzurcheron Twitter That much was clear on Friday, as the president basked in one standing ovation after another during his speech before the Values Voter Summit in Washington, DC. How the thrice-married New Yorker, despite his sometimes salty language, brash demeanour and documented boasts of sexual belligerency, has formed such an unlikely bond with social conservatives is a complicated question. In the end, it comes down to power. Mr Trump has it - and, if he wants to keep it, he needs the support of the kind of social conservative activists who show up every year at the Omni Hotel to organise and preach about the need to restore Christian values in the US government. For evangelicals, Mr Trump may be an unlikely vessel - but so far, he has delivered the goods. "He's not perfect, but his heart is in the right place," said summit-attendee Teresa Ledesma, a health industry worker from Lansing, Michigan. "We believe him to be God's champion. God needed a fighter, someone who was unapologetic. He's gone into the lion's den for us." God, flags and Merry Christmas In his speech, the president offered a two-paragraph catechism for this newly minted alliance - a shared embrace of the "customs, beliefs and traditions that defined who we are as a nation and as a people". It includes protecting the "sacred dignity of every human life" (read: opposing legal abortion), observing traditional family values, defending religious freedom, honouring soldiers and law enforcement, and respecting our "great American flag". Mr Trump followed it with a litany of promises he said he has kept to these religious voters. He nominated a reliable conservative, Neil Gorsuch, to the Supreme Court. He loosened government mandates that health-insurance plans include free contraceptive coverage. He eased restrictions on political activities by religious organisations. He increased restrictions on government support for international organisations that provided family planning and abortion counselling. And, drawing some of the biggest applause from the crowds, he said "we're saying Merry Christmas again". "I could see right away that there was something in him, but I didn't believe it could be as good as it's been," said Clifford Rice, a lawyer from Valparaiso, Indiana, who was attending his first Value Voters Summit. It was just two years earlier when candidate Trump, seeking his party's presidential nomination, stood before the summit and held up his childhood bible, telling the crowd: "I believe in God. I believe in the Bible. I'm a Christian." A common enemy Many were sceptical at the time, seeming more in tune with the Senator Ted Cruz, a preacher's son from Texas, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee - an actual Baptist minister - or Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, who has his own evangelical roots. A straw poll after that year's event had Mr Trump a distant fifth place - with only 5% of the vote. Evident even then, however, was the anti-establishment fervour that had gripped much of the right, including social conservatives. They cheered, for instance, when they learned on the first day of the conference that House Speaker John Boehner had resigned. Mr Trump would go on to become the voice of that anti-Washington anger and ride it to his party's nomination - and the presidency. In fact, he would win a larger share of the evangelical vote (80%) than Republican Mitt Romney in 2012 (78%) or John McCain in 2009 (74%). Now Mr Trump holds the highest political office in the land, but he's not done railing against the political establishment. This time, it's Senate Republicans who have been insufficiently supportive of his agenda - and social conservatives throwing their support fully behind him. In an opinion piece in Breitbart News, the website of record for Trumpism, summit organiser Tony Perkins called Senate Republicans "the promise-breaking caucus". "We've been given an opportunity by God that not every generation has had; to turn the nation, to change the trajectory of this country and revive our Republican from the spiritual, moral and economic decay brought on by the radical policies of the left," he writes. In other words, it's time to "make America great again" - with God's help. Missing from this year's summit were any Republicans senators, in fact. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, Mr Cruz, Mr Rubio and South Carolina's Tim Scott, who were once listed on the organiser's website as possible speakers, were nowhere to be found. The new face of the party Instead, the line-up was dotted with Mr Trump's team, present and past. Senior White House aide Kellyanne Conway spoke on Friday. Former advisers Sebastian Gorka and Steve Bannon, considered the mastermind of Mr Trump's ethno-nationalist populism, took the stage on Saturday. One after another, they touted this administration's efforts to advance issues dear to evangelical voters - and railed against a Washington establishment that they said was conspiring against their collective agenda. It wasn't too long ago that the leaders of this Washington establishment - the pro-trade, tax-cutting Wall Street fiscal conservatives and their big-business associates across the country - were the ones who broke bread with the evangelicals. It never was a completely comfortable alliance, and at times social conservatives groused that their issues took a back seat to other Republican concerns. The ties held through the Ronald Reagan years, however, and appeared stronger than ever when born-again Christian George W Bush became president in 2001. Now that Mr Trump is the top dog, however, it's clear it was always a marriage of convenience - and if Mr Trump, for all his flaws, can deliver for them, that's what matters. Even if it means the president is followed on the Values Voter stage by Bill Bennett, the former education secretary who has made a career of preaching the importance of personal morality on the part of US political leaders. Even if it means listening to Mr Bannon talk about kicking ass and going to war or Mr Gorka saying they would "damage" their left-wing opponents. Mission unaccomplished On Monday afternoon Mr Trump appeared with Mr McConnell in the White House Rose Garden and professed his "fantastic" relationship with most of the Republicans in the Senate. "The Republican Party is very, very unified," he said. A more sincere expression of the president's feelings about Republicans in Congress probably came earlier in the day, in comments to reporters during a presidential cabinet meeting. "I'm not going to blame myself, I'll be honest," he said. "They're not getting the job done." If the Values Voter Summit is any indication, evangelical voters largely agree. And when mid-term primaries and the general election roll around next year, a lot of Republican politicians who once counted on the support of social conservatives could come to the unpleasant realisation that the party they once knew has been remade in Mr Trump's image.

डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प इंजील मतदाताओं से प्यार करते हैं, और वे उनसे प्यार करते हैं।


Bureaucats: The felines with official positions

Summary: A cat's life typically consists of sleeping, interspersed with eating and the occasional manic bout of skittishness, followed by a good old nap. But some of our feline friends actually work for a living and hold down a proper job - in some cases, complete with uniform.

By Bethan BellBBC News Here are some of England's cats that do more than snooze, eat and sidle around while looking superior. Post Office cats In 1868 three cats were formally employed as mousers at the Money Order Office in London. They were "paid" a wage of one shilling a week - which went towards their upkeep - and were given a six-month probationary period. They obviously did their job efficiently as in 1873 they were awarded an increase of 6d a week. The official use of cats soon spread to other post offices. According to the Postal Museum, the most popular cat of all was Tibs. Born in November 1950, at his biggest he weighed 23lbs (10.4kg) and lived in the Post Office headquarters' refreshment club in the basement of the building in central London. During his 14 years' service he kept the building rodent-free. The last Post Office HQ cat, Blackie, died in June 1984, and since then there have been no further felines employed there. An honourable mention must go to the Belgian authorities, who in the 1870s recruited 37 cats to deliver mail via waterproof bags attached to their collars. It was an idea posited by the Belgian Society for the Elevation of the Domestic Cat, which felt cats' natural sense of direction was not being fully exploited. During a trial, the cats were rounded up from their villages near Liège, taken a few miles away and burdened with a note in a bag - with the idea the cat would return home complete with missive. Although all the cats - and notes - eventually turned up, the feline disposition unsurprisingly proved unsuited to providing a swift or reliable postal service and the idea was dropped. Police cats Dogs have long been part of the police force, but cats rarely got a look-in - unless they were being arrested for burglary. But in the summer of 2016, Durham Constabulary recruited Mittens. The appointment stemmed from a letter written by five-year-old Eliza Adamson-Hopper, who suggested the force add a puss to its plods. "A police cat would be good as they have good ears and can listen out for danger. Cats are good at finding their way home and could show policemen the way," she said. Mittens is not the only police cat. Oscar lives at Holmfirth Police Station in Huddersfield, where his job involves being "a therapeutic source of support for my officers", and Smokey is a volunteer welfare officer at Skegness Police Station. As a spokesman from the station said, "being a police officer can be very fast-paced and stressful job so when we need to take a break or grab some air now, many of us pop outside a spend a few minutes with Smokey". Showbiz cats Whether it's showing off in feature films, flogging luxury pet food to besotted owners, or chilling out on the set of Blue Peter, there has long been a place for cats in front of the camera. Arthur was the furry face of Spillers cat food for nearly 10 years from 1966, scooping Kattomeat from the tin into his mouth. He was such a star the brand was later renamed Arthur's in his honour. There were rumours that Arthur was made to use his paw to eat because advertisers removed his teeth - but the allegation proved to be untrue. He was just a natural paw-dipper. Arthur II and Arthur III followed the original. Blue Peter's Jason, a seal point Siamese, was the first in a long line of presenter pusses on the popular BBC children's programme. Others included Jack and Jill, who became known as the disappearing cats, because of their habit of leaping out of whichever lap they were in whenever they appeared on screen, and Willow, who was the first Blue Peter cat to be neutered or spayed. Two red Persians played the role of Crookshanks in the Harry Potter film franchise - Crackerjack was a male and Pumpkin a female - while Mrs Norris was played by three Maine Coons named Maximus, Alanis and Cornilus - each was trained to perform a specific act, such as jumping on to actors' shoulders or lying still. Museum cats At some point before 1960, a colony of stray cats found its way to the British Museum and established itself there. Unneutered and untamed, it's estimated that at one point there may have been as many as 100 moggies roaming around. Records in the British Museum's archive contain reports of kittens being born in the loading docks and running through the bookshelves of the museum library. The museum eventually decided enough was enough. The invaders were set to be exterminated, but were saved by the museum's cleaner, Rex Shepherd, who set up the Cat Welfare Society and had the strays safely neutered and adopted, until the population was brought down to a more manageable six. Under the guidance of Mr Shepherd, some of the cats, which were kept to control the vermin population, featured in newspaper articles - including a feature on them having their Christmas dinner - and became internationally famous. Suzie could snatch pigeons out of the air to eat them, while Pippin and Poppet were trained to roll over on command. There are no living cats at the museum today - although there are some mummified ones in the displays. If you're after a live one, try the London Water and Steam Museum, which has Maudslay, a black and white fellow named after an engine, or the Jane Austen Museum in Chawton, Hampshire, where Marmite is on hand (or paw) to greet visitors. Military cats As far back as 9,500 years ago, cats were used on naval ships and in rat-infested trenches. During World War One, the British Army and Royal Navy deployed nearly half a million to fend off pests on land and at sea. By World War Two, nearly every vessel had at least one ship's cat. One of them, Simon, became the only cat to be awarded the Dickin Medal - the animal equivalent of the Victoria Cross - for helping to save the lives of naval officers during the Chinese Civil War in 1949. While the ship was under siege for 101 days, he was credited with saving the lives of the crew by protecting the ship's stores from an infestation of rats. The brave chap suffered severe shrapnel wounds when the ship came under fire and was given a hero's welcome when it eventually returned to dock in Plymouth. Simon lived long enough to get back to England, but died in quarantine three weeks later. He was buried in Ilford, Essex, with full military honours. Another wartime hero was Crimean Tom, also known as Sevastopol Tom, who saved British and French troops from starvation during the Crimean War in 1854. The regiments were occupying the port of Sevastopol and could not find food. Tom could. He led them to hidden caches of supplies stored by Russian soldiers and civilians. Tom, who was taken back to England when the war was over, died in 1856, whereupon he was stuffed. He is now a permanent part of the National Army Museum in London.

एक बिल्ली के जीवन में आम तौर पर सोना, खाने के साथ-साथ और कभी-कभी चिड़चिड़ापन की उन्मादी लड़ाई होती है, जिसके बाद एक अच्छी पुरानी झपकी आती है। लेकिन हमारे कुछ बिल्ली के दोस्त वास्तव में जीविकोपार्जन के लिए काम करते हैं और एक उचित नौकरी करते हैं-कुछ मामलों में, वर्दी के साथ पूर्ण।


Ice Man: Edinburgh GP Gavin Francis on his year at the bottom of the world

Summary: Life at the south pole is harsh. There is darkness for four months of the year. Temperatures reach minus 60 degrees Celsius. Wind speeds get up to 150 miles per hour. So how did Dr Gavin Francis, an Edinburgh GP who spent a year as the resident doctor at the Halley Research Station in Antarctica, cope in such an inhospitable place?

By Emma AilesBBC Scotland "Lots of hot chocolate," he said. "And a comfy bed to sleep in at night…when you're not sleeping out in a tent on the ice of course." The base, which is run by the British Antarctic Survey, lies at 75 degrees south, 100 miles from the south pole. It is so remote that it is said it would be easier to rescue someone from the International Space Station. After the sea freezes over in March, no-one can get in or out. You are stuck there until the next summer. Dr Francis told BBC Scotland's Stark Talk: "It does feel like an underworld when you're there, it does feel like a parallel universe. "There is this wonderful perspective you can get in the Antarctic, because it's so different from anywhere else. "There is nothing human-sized at all. Everything is either tiny like snow crystals, or vast like auroras, the planets moving, stars, meteor showers, glaciers. "To be a human being in that environment is extremely alien, but it is also quite magical in the sense of giving you a perspective of what the rest of the universe is really like." Taste for adventure Dr Francis was born in Fife in 1975, and says that growing up he had a fascination with how the world fitted together. He spent an idyllic childhood exploring the woods around his home. At the age of seven, he remembers finding a dead rat and asking his parents if he could be allowed to boil it. "It seemed to me the natural thing to want to do. Boil the flesh off so you could get the skeleton. "I built a fire in the field and got an old cracked pan and did it outside." Later in Antarctica, it was a penguin that he was told he was not allowed to dissect. "It had fallen over incubating its eggs, and it seemed the natural thing to me, as a doctor and as a naturalist, to cut it open and see how it died. "I don't think the British Antarctic Survey were too happy with that." After studying medicine at Edinburgh University, and medical training jobs "where you're working 100 hours a week and you've got a lot of chaos and blood and death to deal with", Dr Francis worked in A&E at the old Royal Edinburgh Hospital. Cabin Fever At the Halley base, his job was to look after the health of the team of fourteen people stationed there. "In such a small community when everyone is fit and well, you are called upon to be a doctor almost never," he said. "I did use my medical skills, but it was always for fairly minor things - tooth fillings, x-rays of broken bones, people with general aches and pains, skin rashes. "Every two or three years something terrible happens in the Antarctic, something really horrible, and they are always really glad they have someone there. "I was there in case somebody injured themselves really badly - fell into a crevasse, or injured themselves with crampons, or got bitten by a seal." With time to spare, Dr Francis found other ways to occupy himself at the base. "You have to be part of the base community," he said. "That means chatting in the bar, preparing meals, doing the thousands of jobs that need doing every day on an Antarctic base, such as refuelling the generators. "We would go out and do communal exercise every day, and I think that helped. "It was cold. But by then you are pretty used to it. And digging that amount of snow heats you up pretty quick." But the extreme environment was not the only challenge. Sharing a small space with fourteen strangers could also take its toll. "There's times when everybody gets rubbed up the wrong way, but there is enough opportunity to go and spend some time on your own. "I was very lucky with my team, we all got on very very well in the end." "It wasn't about the big brother style dynamics of fourteen people in a portacabin. "For me going to the Antarctic was all about the austere beauty of the place. "I had a window that looked out over the ice. "I think having big windows that looked out onto it meant that I was able to keep hold of where I was, that I wasn't just locked into a little box with these strangers." One of the things he missed most of all was smells. "There are no smells in the Antarctic," he said. "When I was coming back to the north, sailing back to the Falklands after 14 months away, one of the first things I noticed was the smell of grass a day before we got there. "My sense of smell had become so acute, and I missed the smell of greenery so much." So, would Dr Francis, who has written a book about his experiences, Empire Antarctica, return to the Antarctic? "I never thought it was a stupid decision [to go]. I sometimes wondered whether I had bitten off more than I could chew," he said. "I would like to go back... I don't think I would winter again though."

दक्षिणी ध्रुव पर जीवन कठोर है। साल के चार महीने अंधेरा रहता है। तापमान शून्य से 60 डिग्री सेल्सियस तक पहुंच जाता है। हवा की गति 150 मील प्रति घंटे तक हो जाती है। तो फिर एडिनबर्ग के जीपी डॉ. गेविन फ्रांसिस, जिन्होंने अंटार्कटिका में हेली रिसर्च स्टेशन में रेजिडेंट डॉक्टर के रूप में एक साल बिताया, ने इस तरह के दुर्गम स्थान का सामना कैसे किया?


Eking out a living in Haiti's colourful slum city

Summary: Behind the brightly painted exterior of Jalousie, one of Haiti's largest slums, lives a community struggling with a lack of sanitation and running water, intermittent electricity and rivers of plastic waste.

Conservative estimates suggest more than 80,000 people now live in Jalousie. Many of them moved here after the earthquake which devastated much of Haiti in 2010. Jalousie was spared the worst of the damage and as a result became even more cramped. But although life is often chaotic and challenging, residents manage to find dignity, hope and a sense of community, regardless of the challenges of poverty and oppression that they face. Most visitors to Haiti's capital, Port-au-Prince, only get to see a fleeting glimpse of Jalousie from the road, as they go past its collection of pastel-coloured shacks clinging to the side of the steep Morne L'Hôpital mountain. The houses were painted by the government in 2013 as part of a $1.4m (£1m) project which many locals mockingly refer to as "the Botox". Critics have suggested that the motivation for the project stemmed from the fact that Jalousie is visible from the wealthy district of Pétion-Ville. They argue that the money could have been better spent on improving the slum's water and electrical supplies rather than improving the view from the refurbished villas of Pétion-Ville down below. Stepping inside this 60-year-old, almost-vertical slum area, between tightly packed cinderblock homes, it is not hard to see how it earned its nickname "misery in colours". When the tangle of wires illegally tapped into the grid gives out, candles and lanterns light the way, families burn charcoal to cook, and when it rains, rivers of plastic rubbish collect in front of people's homes. Yet amid these conditions of extreme poverty, the residents of Jalousie work hard to retain their dignity and pride in their surroundings. They set up makeshift gyms where they work out using weights made out of cement, play sports at Jalousie's main arena or attend one of the many churches. People in Jalousie have also set up small businesses such as beauty salons or restaurants to try to make ends meet. Loreu, 62 (below), runs a shop selling charcoal. The father of four has lived in Jalousie for more than 40 years. But despite their efforts, 85% of families in Jalousie estimate that their income covers only part of, or none of, their needs. Jean Michelle, 35 (below), works as a car park security guard and has been living in this one room in Jalousie with his three children since 2004. Here, he is helping his seven-year-old daughter Fatdjoulie with her homework while Catrine Telamoure, who also lives with them, takes a nap. Haiti is the poorest nation in the western hemisphere and has struggled to recover from the 2010 earthquake that killed more than 200,000 people. A recent survey suggests that more than half of its inhabitants live below the national poverty line of $2.41 (£1.80) per day. A staggering 74% of Haiti's urban population are now living in slums. Along with no sewage system or electric grid, inhabitants of Jalousie have no running water. Residents queue at water distribution points, paying $0.35 (£0.26) for a five-gallon bucket. They then carry the 19kg (42lb) buckets up the mountain on their heads. Alongside their daily battles with the lack of infrastructure, schools, toilet facilities and waste management, the inhabitants of Jalousie face an increasingly uncertain future for another reason: a secondary seismic fault line runs through the entire hillside making the area vulnerable to future devastation. There is also a serious danger of mudslides, due to the steep terrain and lack of vegetation, with at least 1,300 unstable homes identified as a threat to residents immediately below them. Words and photographs by Tariq Zaidi.

हैती की सबसे बड़ी झुग्गियों में से एक, जलोसी के चमकीले रूप से चित्रित बाहरी हिस्से के पीछे, एक समुदाय रहता है जो स्वच्छता और बहते पानी, रुक-रुक कर बिजली और प्लास्टिक कचरे की नदियों की कमी से जूझ रहा है।


Skegness fire: Man in court on attempted murder charge

Summary: A man has appeared in court charged with attempted murder after a woman suffered severe burns in a fire at a property in Skegness.

Lincolnshire Police said the woman remained in a critical condition in hospital as a result of the blaze in Firbeck Avenue, on Thursday. Leigh Pateman, 42, of Firbeck Avenue, appeared at Lincoln Magistrates' Court earlier. He was remanded and is due to appear at the city's crown court on 24 May. Follow BBC East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Send your story ideas to yorkslincs.news@bbc.co.uk. Related Internet Links HM Courts Service

स्केगनेस में एक संपत्ति में आग लगने से एक महिला के गंभीर रूप से जलने के बाद एक व्यक्ति हत्या के प्रयास के आरोप में अदालत में पेश हुआ है।


Twitter row UKIP man chosen for Clacton

Summary: A UKIP councillor has been chosen to contest Clacton in the general election for the party after earlier nearly abandoning his bid over a Twitter row.

Jeff Bray, who won former party donor Arron Banks's support, decided not to compete for selection after the Huffington Post claimed on Tuesday he had posted controversial tweets. He then later changed his mind and stayed in the selection race. The district councillor told the BBC his Twitter feed had been doctored. Mr Bray won by three votes against London-based barrister Paul Oakley. Clacton's sitting MP Douglas Carswell had been UKIP's only MP until he quit the party and later announced he would not stand for re-election.

एक यू. के. आई. पी. पार्षद को पार्टी के लिए आम चुनाव में क्लैक्टन से चुनाव लड़ने के लिए चुना गया है, क्योंकि उन्होंने पहले एक ट्विटर विवाद पर अपनी बोली लगभग छोड़ दी थी।


What future for Scotland's heavy engineering yards?

Summary: The collapse of BiFab fabrication yards isn't complete yet, and former prime minister Gordon Brown has a plan - as well as fury at what has been allowed to happen. The Scottish government has sunk £52m in the company, so how much might it recover as a creditor and shareholder? What is the future for the Fife and Lewis yards, and for several others with potential in growing markets for new energy and breaking up of old ones?

Douglas FraserBusiness/economy editor, Scotland Is BiFab's Christmas goose fully cooked? The steel fabrication company thinks so, and its majority shareholder in Canada. So does the Scottish government, the minority shareholder that paid £37m for its one third stake. But perhaps it's not over yet, while intention to appoint administrators has yet to lead to the actual handover. And not according to the former Prime Minister, Gordon Brown. As a former Labour MP for Fife constituencies including Burntisland, and no stranger to its fabrication yard, he is taking a close interest in the kingdom's economy and has trenchant views on the company's apparent demise. He reckons there are about 10 days to turn this around. Other insiders on this deal suggest there are fewer. So what does he think can still happen? The Scottish and UK governments could still combine to provide the £30m contract guarantee needed to secure a contract to build eight offshore turbine platforms, employing more than 400 people. Mr Brown flatly rejects the legal argument deployed by Scottish economy secretary Fiona Hyslop. She says European state aid rules preclude governments in either Holyrood or Westminster from providing finance that could and would not be provided by a commercial company. Ms Hyslop adds that DF Barnes, the Canadian majority shareholder that was brought in by ministers to do the engineering, has not been providing any significant investment. We haven't seen the legal advice, but Mr Brown joins opposition MSPs and trade unions in questioning why European rules will apply at the end of the month, after a full Brexit break from Brussels regulations. I asked Fiona Hyslop about this. Her view is that ministers are bound to observe the law, and no-one can tell her what law will apply next year. To a risk-taking minister, that might be the kind of challenge they like. It's observed that Ms Hyslop was preceded in the economy role by Derek Mackay, whose risk-taking in his personal life brought him down last February. But when applied to business, it may also have given the Renfrewshire MSP a bolder vision of what could be achieved. That goes for BiFab, and also for Ferguson shipbuilder in Port Glasgow, taken into public ownership on his watch. Gordon Brown told the BBC's Good Morning Scotland: "A new minister came in, I think there was new advice given by the civil service, but actually fundamentally the position of the company had not changed and the contract should have gone ahead. "Why is it, when you win a contract, you can't discharge it? Because the Scottish government pulls the plug on it at the last minute. "It's completely unacceptable and I believe that it's doing terrible damage to the Fife economy, because we want to win this work in the North Sea and we want to be part of this new renewables industry which is going to create a better environment as well as create jobs in the country." The former prime minister has been talking to Whitehall, to BiFab and to its Canadian majority owner. He talks up the prospects for others saving the yards, and is calling for full inquiries at both Holyrood and Westminster into what went wrong with BiFab. "I know for a fact that there's a Chinese company interested in looking at the yards," he says. "I know also that the workforce representatives are determined to find work for the area. "So we're not going to give up. If, after 100 years of serving the community, we can't do better by BiFab, the Scottish Government have to think about the type of economic and industrial policy they're operating. "I have not seen for a long time such scandalous behaviour that requires an investigation not just by the Scottish Parliament but the UK Parliament as well. "We are supposed to be building a future in the North Sea in renewables, and we are throwing it away by decisions like this one by the Scottish government." The Scottish government, obviously, disagrees, though it is not pretending this is a happy position to be in. Governments have to take risks, and this one didn't work out, according to Fiona Hyslop. The best she can say of the £52m sunk in BiFab is that it helped the company complete an order for the Beatrice wind farm in the Moray Firth - now operational and a project, they imply, that might otherwise have foundered. How much will be recovered once administrators get to work, gathering assets and selling them for the best price they can secure in creditors' interests? As lead creditor, the Scottish government could hope to see much of its £15m returned. The assets don't include the yards, which are owned by Scottish Enterprise (Methil), Highlands and Islands Enterprise (Arnish in Stornoway) and privately-owned Forth Ports, which owns Burntisland. There is some equipment on the sites. But the biggest asset may be an expected incoming payment of between £10m and £12m from a supplier of steel to the Lewis yard two years ago. It has been in dispute over the quality of product delivered, and it seems that BiFab won. But as for the other £37m, it is equity, some of it converted from loans. In administrations, shareholder stakes are at the end of the employee, tax collector and creditor queue. Recovery of that looks very unlikely. What about the yards' future? Could there be a Chinese company coming in to make use of them, as Gordon Brown suggests? It wouldn't be that surprising. The Fife yards are well-located quayside assets for firms supplying the North Sea, if only for laying down stock and supplies. There are new technologies being developed for commercial roll-out, including tidal power, floating wind turbine bases which use similar designs to semi-submersible oil and gas production, with which Scottish yards have experience. There may, one day, be a return to wave power fabrication at scale. Meantime, I hear that Arnish in Lewis is being considered for a different future as a base for decommissioning offshore oil and gas equipment. That is a business opportunity worth tens of billions in coming decades. Teesside established a lead as the North Sea's breakers yard, but Lerwick is currently host to the former Ninian platform, and there is capacity in other yards. Indeed, that is important to remember. The BiFab yards gained prominence because they were rescued, and the focus of so much Scottish government effort. But there is Nigg in Easter Ross. Rosyth in Fife, with its own energy park, has space for further activity. There has been talk of re-opening the deep water facility at Loch Kishorn in Wester Ross. And Hunterston in North Ayrshire is looking to a new energy future beyond nuclear power. Could they compete with the efficient production lines in China, Indonesia, the United Arab Emirates and Spain, where North Sea jackets are currently being built? Possibly, they could, with both public and private investment, but they'll also require imagination, determination and consistency.

बायफैब फैब्रिकेशन यार्ड का पतन अभी पूरा नहीं हुआ है, और पूर्व प्रधान मंत्री गॉर्डन ब्राउन के पास एक योजना है-साथ ही जो होने की अनुमति दी गई है उस पर रोष है। स्कॉटिश सरकार ने कंपनी में 52 मिलियन पाउंड डुबो दिए हैं, तो यह एक लेनदार और शेयरधारक के रूप में कितना ठीक हो सकता है? फाइफ और लुईस यार्ड का भविष्य क्या है, और कई अन्य लोगों के लिए नई ऊर्जा के लिए बढ़ते बाजारों और पुराने को तोड़ने की क्षमता है?


Race to save 17th Century Swash Channel wreck

Summary: Marine archaeologists are in a race against time to preserve parts of a shipwreck they believe is the most significant found in British waters since the Tudor ship, the Mary Rose. Paul Rose, explorer, diver and presenter of Britain's Secret Seas, visited the site.

"We've watched it fall apart in front of our eyes for five years," said Dave Parham, senior lecturer in marine archaeology at Bournemouth University. "But you can only do one thing at a time." The Swash Channel wreck is an early 17th Century armed merchant ship. It was found in 7-9m of water on a sand and shingle seabed on the edge of Hook Sands near Poole Harbour in Dorset in March 1990, when a Dutch dredger hit it. It was left for almost 15 years until an assessment for English Heritage in 2005 found it was a much more significant site than first thought. Bournemouth University's Marine Archaeology programme began visiting and recording the wreck as parts of it became exposed, in work funded by English Heritage and Poole Harbour Commissioners. But the archaeologists say the wreck is disappearing as sediment, which protects the ship, has been eroding so quickly that parts of the structure are exposed and decay before they can be recorded. Underwater history Divers from Britain's Secret Seas were the first team apart from the archaeologists working underwater, to see and film this beautiful piece of history. After swimming for a couple of minutes, large ship's timbers raised up from the sandy bottom by about a metre came into view, giving me a hint of the functional, beautiful lines of its bow. Surrounding the wreck site is a steel framework grid which has been built by the research team as an aid to document the excavation accurately. Countless sandbags are placed all around the exposed parts of the wreck to help to protect it from wave, tidal and storm damage. The more timbers that are exposed, the more we learn and understand about this wreck. It faces other threats - its surface is being eaten away by a small crustacean called a gribble. But it is the shipworm, a mollusc with a bivalve shell, that is boring its way in to the wood and causing structural damage to the timbers. "It's an absolute disaster, because we're not just talking about one single organism," said Bournemouth University's marine archaeologist Paola Palma. "We're talking about millions of organisms. So the damage that they cause is absolutely, you know, horrendous." The survival of rare finds, including the ship's forecastle or upper deck in front of the foremast, and rudder, have cemented its place in history as a significant wreck. Five carvings have been found so far, including a male head at the top of the rudder and another on the outside of the forecastle, which are early Baroque in style. On our dive, we moved to the stern and started dragging piles of sandbags away from one of the excavation areas, which I thought would be exposing more structural timbers. But my breath was taken away when the last bag came off to reveal the fabulous ornate carving on the rudder. I had never seen anything like it and this beautiful carving was all I needed to see that this really was no ordinary trader. We also saw pottery and canon. One carving has been raised, a merman, and is already in conservation. "Initially this was quite a small wreck of unknown character," said Mr Parham. "Now we know it's a large wreck, it's a high status wreck - it's plotted in these carvings. "It's built and constructed to trade out to the tropics, in a period when this was something new. "What this ship was engaged in and other ships like it were engaged in, is the reason why we have Japanese cars and Chinese videos. "So actually, in world history terms, this is an important object." However not all of the ship can be lifted from the seabed this summer. "We're going to raise the first 12 metres of the bow. The rest we're going to bury in situ and leave it there," said Mr Parham. The remains of the wreck that cannot be brought up will be left and buried in the sands for protection. No-one has brought a wreck to the surface for 30 years in the UK - and the last time this happened it was the Mary Rose. Britain's Secret Seas continues on Sunday 15 May on BBC Two at 2000 BST or catch up at the above link.

समुद्री पुरातत्वविद जहाज के मलबे के कुछ हिस्सों को संरक्षित करने के लिए समय के खिलाफ दौड़ में हैं, उनका मानना है कि ट्यूडर जहाज, मैरी रोज़ के बाद से ब्रिटिश जल में पाया जाने वाला यह सबसे महत्वपूर्ण जहाज है। पॉल रोज़, खोजकर्ता, गोताखोर और ब्रिटेन के गुप्त समुद्र के प्रस्तुतकर्ता, ने इस स्थल का दौरा किया।


New arts and cultural centre Ty Pawb opens in Wrexham

Summary: A new arts and cultural centre is opening Monday on the site of the former People's Market in Wrexham.

The new £4.5m hub, known as Ty Pawb - Welsh for everybody's house - will have two galleries, performance areas, a gallery shop and market stalls. A parade will also take place on Monday's Dydd Llun Pawb, a day of celebrations to mark the opening. More than 500 people have taken part in workshops across Wrexham county ahead of the event.

रेक्सम में पूर्व पीपुल्स मार्केट के स्थल पर सोमवार को एक नया कला और सांस्कृतिक केंद्र खोला जा रहा है।


Drinking and darts: Does alcohol improve performance?

Summary: These days, darts is a professional, sober affair, at least for the players. But some of the champions of the past were famous for their boozing. Can alcohol ever enhance people's ability to play darts?

By Reality Check teamBBC News The answer depends on how nervous you are, and whether or not you're addicted to alcohol. Many studies have shown that even low levels of alcohol can impair motor skills and spatial reasoning. But the effects of nervousness and alcohol withdrawal can be far worse, especially in a game like darts. "For some people, low levels of alcohol improve performance of tasks. It does reduce anxiety and nervousness so if you're impaired by nervousness it can improve performance," Prof Robert Adron Harris, from the University of Texas at Austin, told the BBC. A degree of stress actually enhances performance, but after a certain point, nerves get the better of people. This is known as the Yerkes-Dodson law. In pub games, the stakes may be lower, but even amateurs find that the oche holds a strange power over them. "Nervousness runs right through the sport, as does the belief that alcohol solves the problem," says Paul Gillings, who runs The Darts Performance Centre, a training centre and advice website. "Players totally believe that they can't play unless they have a drink. It ranges from one drink to 10." He discourages this sort of self-medication, advocating relaxation exercises and positive thinking. He also reminds players that in the grand scheme of things, it's only a game of darts. John Thomas - or "Jocky" - Wilson, one of the top players of the 1980s, took it to extremes. He said he needed seven or eight vodkas to steady his nerves before playing. He once fell off the stage at the end of a match. Trebles all round Before winning the 2004 BDO World Darts Championship, Andy Fordham reportedly drank 24 bottles of beer along with quite a bit of brandy. He said in an interview later that people never saw him sober. He weighed 31 stone and developed cirrhosis of the liver. Fordham, who was also known as The Viking, believed that heavy drinking was the only way he could concentrate - and he was probably right. For someone who is used to drinking as much as he was, it would be very difficult to play sober. "The more you drink, the more tolerance to alcohol increases," says Anya Topiwala, a senior clinical researcher at the University of Oxford. "Alcohol withdrawal causes anxiety, tremors and sweatiness, all of which I suspect would make it harder to play darts." But experts agree that players like Fordham and Wilson won matches in spite of their drinking habits, not because of them. "There's too much money involved now for players to get themselves too pie-eyed," says David King, who runs Darts501, a darts information website. He says the sport needs more trainers and psychologists to help people get over stage fright, shaky hands and even a nasty psychological condition known as dartitis, where players find themselves unable to throw a dart. So alcohol doesn't make most people better at darts, but while the pub remains the best place to practise, aspiring players may need to resist round-the-clock sessions, especially if they're of a nervous disposition. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

इन दिनों, डार्ट्स एक पेशेवर, शांत मामला है, कम से कम खिलाड़ियों के लिए। लेकिन अतीत के कुछ चैंपियन अपनी शराब के लिए प्रसिद्ध थे। क्या शराब कभी लोगों की डार्ट्स खेलने की क्षमता को बढ़ा सकती है?


Nagorno-Karabakh: 'Frozen' conflict threatens to reignite

Summary: Amid fears that a "frozen conflict" is developing in eastern Ukraine the BBC's Rayhan Demytrie examines life in disputed Nagorno-Karabakh, scene of one of the former Soviet Union's most protracted conflicts.

Fourteen-year-old Karen hides the stump of his left hand in his pocket. His siblings gather round as he looks at Facebook on the family laptop. "I can't forgive myself for what happened," says his mother, Ludmila Bagdasaryan-Mirzoyan. Two years ago Karen found a live anti-aircraft shell in the garden. After he started playing with it, the relic from the 1990s war with Azerbaijan exploded in his hands. The family live in Madagis, a village in the landlocked mountainous region of Nagorno-Karabakh, close to the frontline with Azerbaijan. After the collapse of the Soviet Union there was all-out war between Armenia and Azerbaijan, from 1992 to 1994. An estimated 30,000 people were killed. Despite a ceasefire of 20 years, the area is heavily militarised. There are frequent shootings across the frontline. Each side blames the other for military casualties, which have risen sharply in recent months. Ludmila says her children often hear gunfire or warning sirens. "They wake up and ask me: 'Mum has war started again?'" she says. Abandoned homes Azerbaijan lost swathes of territory during the conflict, and more than 600,000 ethnic Azeris from Karabakh and nearby regions were forced to flee. More than 300,000 ethnic Armenians who used to live in Azerbaijan were also displaced by the conflict. Today, a drive through Nagorno-Karabakh reveals many abandoned homes. Some lie in ruins, others are intact, with overgrown gardens, behind still padlocked but rusting gates. Time, it seems, has been frozen here. But the conflict itself is very much alive. Peace negotiations mediated by the Minsk Group, under the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), have seen little progress. "If we look at the peace process what it really represents is what I call 'back to basics' diplomacy," says Richard Giragosian, director of the Regional Studies Centre, a think tank based in the Armenian capital, Yerevan. "It's no longer about negotiating over Nagorno-Karabakh, rather it's back to basic, minimum objectives. "The first goal of the mediation is to keep the peace process alive and the second goal is to prevent war, rather than any real diplomacy over negotiations where they can't even agree on the agenda. That's how far apart the two sides are." Isolated Internationally, Nagorno-Karabakh is considered part of Azerbaijan, but its Armenian inhabitants call themselves citizens of the Artsakh Republic and remain the sworn enemies of Azerbaijan. The territory has its own flag, an international airport, police and armed forces, although regular Armenian soldiers serve on the frontline. In reality, Nagorno-Karabakh is isolated. Financially and militarily it depends on Armenia. Its subjects hold Armenian passports. And the international airport stands empty, because Azerbaijan has threatened to shoot down any planes. Frustrated by the lack of a diplomatic solution, Azerbaijan's leadership has threatened to retake the territory militarily. Oil-rich Azerbaijan has spent billions of US dollars on modern weaponry. And most of the arms are supplied by Russia. That is deeply unpopular with Armenia. It counts Russia as its strategic ally, and hosts Russia's only military base in the region. "We are concerned that Russia, for all sorts of reasons, is selling weapons to Azerbaijan," the Armenian President, Serzh Sargsyan, said at a recent public forum in Yerevan. "The problem is not the quality of the weaponry, but the fact that an Armenian soldier standing at the border knows he could be killed by Russian weapons." Azerbaijan does not recognise the Nagorno-Karabakh (NK) administration, but the territory's de facto foreign minister, Karen Mirzoyan, says that without their inclusion in the peace process, there will be no resolution to the conflict. "When you withdraw NK from the negotiation table, it's very easy to say that it's not a conflict for self-determination, it's just a territorial problem and it's very easy to show Armenia as an aggressor. But in reality this conflict is about self-determination." Ludmila often contemplates what the consequences of another war would be. "If there is another war, we will suffer, my children will suffer," she says. "[Azerbaijan's forces] won't care whether we are guilty or not, they will just think that we are Armenians and we have no right to exist."

इस आशंका के बीच कि पूर्वी यूक्रेन में एक "जमे हुए संघर्ष" विकसित हो रहा है, बीबीसी के रेहान डेमिट्री विवादित नागोर्नो-काराबाख में जीवन की जांच करते हैं, जो पूर्व सोवियत संघ के सबसे लंबे संघर्षों में से एक है।


Viewpoints: Has Delhi rape case changed India?

Summary: Four men have been found guilty of fatally gang raping a woman on a Delhi bus last December. The attack caused outrage and prompted India to introduce stringent anti-rape laws. Here, prominent Indians discuss whether the case has changed the country.

NILANJANA ROY, NOVELIST The intensity of the protests in December led many to wonder whether India would actually see a woman's revolution that brought in a lasting, sweeping set of changes. But even as the protests quietened down, we saw a rise in regressive statements, behaviour intended to curb women's freedoms under the guise of "protection", and across the board a defence of the status quo and of traditions that continue to ignore women's rights. So it is extraordinary that the conversations that started then - between women, and crucially, between men as well - have, if anything, broadened. "Rape culture" in India is fuelled by an acceptance of inequality and of embedded violence; it may be the first time in decades that we are exploring these fault lines - of caste, class and gender - in such a mainstream fashion. Can we put an end to the violence that kills women before birth, that keeps unwanted girls in deprivation, that is seen in the high levels of child abuse and domestic violence, affecting both boys and girls, and that ultimately leads to "rape culture"? So far, it's been hard to even change small things - to argue for the presence of more, rather than fewer, women on the streets and in public spaces, for instance. But I am impressed that in a country where we switch from one topic to another as easily as we switch TV channels, we haven't stopped discussing the problem not just of rape, but of violence. The rapes might not stop; but this conversation isn't stopping either. One really encouraging development after the Delhi incident is that I see a lot of young people - school and college students, communities - getting interested with issues around discrimination against women. It's not a knee-jerk reaction, but a genuine, spontaneous engagement of the young with what is a complex issue. A number of talks on the subject have been held in schools and colleges. Students are reading about and debating the history of women's movements. There's deep introspection about how we end up sustaining violence and discrimination against women. Less encouraging, however, is the response of the government and institutions. After last month's gang rape of a 22-year-old photojournalist in Mumbai, the city's police chief almost implied that rapes were happening because women are kissing in public and blamed it on what he called a 'promiscuous culture'! We need stern action against people who make such statements. What women are saying is they want freedom without fear. They are saying: "Don't tell us how to dress, just tell men not to rape us." But the onus seems to be on women, on how they dress, how they behave. People in charge of enforcing the law are not listening to the women. Such attitudes appear to be in sync with the way the economy and society is working: it's about wanting a docile woman both at home and the workplace. There is clearly some anxiety all over the world among policymakers about how to re-persuade women to be "real" women - to go back to their traditional docile role even as they become more empowered. So the template for policing, and government's thinking about policies towards women in India, remains regressive. Since December we have developed laws that better address violence as women experience it. Amendments to the Penal Code, for instance, criminalise acts like stalking that can lead to more serious attacks and procedural laws take away the legal security blankets on police impunity. There's also been a cultural shift. Many more women now feel entitled to bodily integrity and dignity, and many more men and women are beginning to understand how that changes the texture of the everyday. To increase that shift there are interesting, small-scale public education campaigns, but the government or public education systems haven't adopted these yet. Delhi police data show 1,036 cases of rape were reported until 15 August, 2013 - as against 433 cases reported over the same period last year. This is likely to be in some part due to increased reporting, which would point to a greater sense of entitlement and more societal support for survivors. Though governments have passed some legislation, they haven't rolled up their sleeves to fix the nuts and bolts of the criminal justice system. India has one of the lowest numbers of judges and police in proportion to population, and expansion needs financing. Failures to convict rapists are due to institutionalised misogyny to some degree, but they're also due to insufficient competence of police and prosecutors. Some state governments have complied with Supreme Court orders that require them to provide survivors of violence with damages, but many survivors and even witnesses are forced to withdraw from trials because we don't have witness protection laws. Evidence shows that sensitive and competent support for victims of violence leads to increased reporting of crime. There are plans to establish rape crisis centres, but they haven't been executed. The greatest change since last December, though, is that there are now many more men and women that believe that the epidemic of sexual violence - like polio or smallpox - can actually be wiped out. I think the police in Delhi have been targeted in a motivated campaign in the aftermath of the Delhi rape case. I was the police commissioner at the time and we arrested all the suspects within 72 hours of the incident, from all over India - including one from an area where Maoist rebels were active - but we continued to get a lot of flak. Compare this to what happened in Mumbai last month when a photojournalist was gang-raped. The police were lauded when they arrested the criminals. Targeting the police does not help matters. If you look at the data, in 97% of rape cases in India, the perpetrator is known to the victim. These are opportunistic crimes. The question of the police preventing these rapes does not arise. You cannot go into people's bedrooms and houses. Even in the much fewer cases where rapes happen in the public space, many of the victims and perpetrators are known to each other. What happened in Delhi was unfortunate, but also extremely rare in India. Having said that it is a fact that women have to be given a sense of security in public places. This can only happen if there is social change. Just putting more policemen on the roads will not help matters. Delhi has over 80,000 policemen but simply expanding the force will not necessarily help curb rape. Delhi police also run a gender sensitisation programme. But sensitisation of the police is not enough. You need to sensitise people to respect women. The only change I have seen since the Delhi rape is the way men and women have come together and taken to the streets to protest against violence against women. But, sadly, incidents of rapes continue unabated all over India. It seems that we have been unable to make use of our new anti-rape laws. The fast-track courts set up to handle rape cases seem to be working at a slow pace. I strongly believe that unless the police intervene quickly and the harshest of punishment is meted out to the wrong-doers, things will not change. The aftermath of rape or any sexual abuse is a difficult and challenging journey for the victims. I did not disclose my identity after the Delhi rape incident because my wounds were still raw. The decision to reveal my identity came after the rape and murder of a 22-year-old college girl in West Bengal state. The brutality she was subjected to made me think that I should fight not only for myself but for the nameless survivors and for those women who had lost their lives. But is there more support today for rape victims? The long and the short answer is: "NO." I think India is still coming to terms with the outrage over the December incident. The dialogue about the deeper issues at stake is still in a nascent stage. For one, India's judicial system has slowed down. Even violent criminal cases take 10-20 years to get decided in the courts. We have only 13 judges per a million people compared to 50-100 in the developed world. Justice is not done or not perceived to be done. Also, the police-to-population-ratio is pretty low. Not surprisingly, the capacity of the system to process criminal cases is deeply compromised. People's faith in the system has become frail. Our political system is also not engaged enough with these issues. The system encourages politicians to be engaged in the here-and-now issues. Public attention is short and keeps changing: one day it is about rape, the next day it is about corruption, the next day is about alleged border incursions by Pakistan or China. Politicians are not focused on the deeper issues because they are looking for quick-fix solutions. The system has tuned them to pay attention to the hot button issue of the week. Ultimately politicians have to get involved with increasing state capacity - setting up more fast-track courts, for example - to deal with crimes against women because all this needs money and parliamentary sanction. We need to be more engaged. Rape is a very complex issue. Patriarchy is just part of the story. In India, it is also about rising urbanisation and alienation. A lot of perpetrators are migrants who lead deprived lives, are not educated, don't hold proper jobs and have been left behind in what is an unequal society.

चार पुरुषों को पिछले दिसंबर में दिल्ली की बस में एक महिला के साथ सामूहिक बलात्कार करने का दोषी पाया गया है। इस हमले ने आक्रोश पैदा किया और भारत को बलात्कार विरोधी कड़े कानून लागू करने के लिए प्रेरित किया। यहाँ, प्रमुख भारतीय चर्चा करते हैं कि क्या इस मामले ने देश को बदल दिया है।


Cake Crew Bakery: 100 jobs safeguarded in Bala

Summary: Around 100 jobs have been secured after workers at the Cake Crew Bakery in Bala, Gwynedd, were locked out of their building for two days.

But following negitiations with Baker Tilley, a company working for the landlord of the building, an agreement was reached at 13:00 BST on Wednesday. A spokesman for the bakery apologised to customers for the disruption. It is understood Baker Tilley removed items from the site during the two-day row. MP Elfyn Llwyd said it stemmed from a change in the situation between the company and landlord. A spokesman for bakery said: "Thankfully this disappointing disruption has now been resolved and we are back in control of the facility and production has resumed. "We apologise to customers and suppliers for any disruption this may of caused in the past two days which has resulted from circumstances beyond our control."

ग्वेनेड के बाला में केक क्रू बेकरी के श्रमिकों को दो दिनों के लिए अपनी इमारत से बाहर बंद करने के बाद लगभग 100 नौकरियां सुरक्षित कर ली गई हैं।


Solihull double stabbing: Boy, 14, arrested

Summary: A 14-year-old boy has been arrested on suspicion of attempted murder after a double stabbing.

A 16-year-old boy and a 19-year-old man were taken to hospital after the stabbing on Chapelhouse Road, Solihull, at about 14:40 BST. The younger victim is in a critical condition, West Midlands Police said, while the older is said to be stable. The force said the 14-year-old boy remains in custody while officers continue their inquiries. Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: newsonline.westmidlands@bbc.co.uk

दोहरे चाकू से हत्या के प्रयास के संदेह में एक 14 वर्षीय लड़के को गिरफ्तार किया गया है।


How will the 2013 floods be remembered?

Summary: Sixty years separate the North Sea floods of 1953 from last week's tidal surge. The fact the latter fell on the 60th anniversary of the former is an irony not lost on survivors. But how will the 2013 floods be remembered?

By Laurence CawleyBBC News It was the tidal surge labelled the "worst in 60 years". The flooding last week hit at least 1,400 homes and some areas witnessed the type of weather conditions expected every once in 500 years. Particularly badly hit were Lincolnshire and Norfolk. For those affected, last week's floods will be forever remembered. But the surge of 60 years ago claimed hundreds of lives as it destroyed villages and parts of towns across the English coast. For those who experienced the 1953 North Sea floods first hand, last week's surge will be remembered - despite the damage and devastation caused to many - as the year the East Coast was "extremely lucky". One of them is Harry Francis. He was affected last week too - his beach hut in Walton on the Naze was ruined by the surge. Mr Francis's memory of the 1953 floods in Jaywick, Essex, begins with his arm falling out of bed into freezing cold water. Then he remembers being told to get up and get dressed. The bungalow started to move. His father opened the front door, then went to the back of of their home and kicked a hole in it. Although this stopped their home from rocking it meant the water level went from 3ft (1m) to 5ft (1.5m). His parents then smashed a hole in the ceiling and got the family into the loft space. "That's when we realised how bad it was," Mr Francis said. "The water was only a couple of inches below the ceiling. We all just sat on rafters. "Out of the back of our bungalow we were calling to a family and this family were calling back to us. "And then they stopped calling and we thought they had been rescued. "But they hadn't. They had all drowned." Painful memories of that night were brought back last week. "It is extremely lucky that Jaywick didn't get hit again," Mr Francis added. "The waves were large but all the sea defences worked. "The force of the sea is frightening. This time it was different. In 1953 there were no communications, nobody knew anything, nobody was told anything and hardly anybody had televisions. "Even the policeman had to walk all along the front to let people know to get out. "This time, the communications were excellent. People knew what to expect and there was plenty of warning and the plans were in place." Dominic Reeve, professor of coastal engineering at Swansea University, said: "I was looking back at the records for the same sort of event which happened in the 1950s. "It is testament to the research and design and the effort that has gone into our coastal defences that we didn't see something similar this time around. "I think we've got a lot more in the way of early warning systems in terms of defences which have prevented the sort of scale of devastation we saw in 1953. "Defences against the elements are always a balance of costs against the consequences - and that's a decision that has to be made by society as a whole."

साठ साल 1953 की उत्तरी सागर की बाढ़ को पिछले सप्ताह के ज्वार-भाटा से अलग करते हैं। तथ्य यह है कि बाद वाला पिछले सप्ताह की 60 वीं वर्षगांठ पर गिरा, यह एक विडंबना है कि जीवित बचे लोगों पर खोया नहीं है। लेकिन 2013 की बाढ़ को कैसे याद किया जाएगा?


Labour and the left: A guide to names

Summary: A feature of the fight for control of the Labour Party over the past year has been a fair amount of finger-pointing, with leader Jeremy Corbyn's supporters decried as "Trots" and "anarcho-syndicalists" and his critics branded "Blairites" and "neoliberals". What do all these terms mean?

By Esther WebberBBC News Socialism While Labour members on different sides of the party might not agree on much, most are happy to call themselves socialists. It was in Tony Blair's controversial speech to party conference in 1994, and it was in Jeremy Corbyn's speech to conference on Wednesday, when he heralded "21st Century socialism". Since the idea first came into being in the 19th Century, socialism has taken on many forms, but most versions of it have in common a belief in public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources. Socialists tend to believe everything that people produce is a social product, with everyone who contributes to the production of a good entitled to a share in it. As socialism first began to move from theory to practice, a division grew up between dictatorships associated with Marxism and democratic socialism as espoused by European political parties. British socialism took on its own distinct character through the formation of the Labour Party and the trade union movement, which, in the words of Harold Wilson, "owed more to Methodism than to Marxism". Communism It has been a matter of debate recently as to whether communists have played a role in the popularity of Jeremy Corbyn - the Communist Party denies getting involved, but many believe other communists have joined the grassroots movement in support of Mr Corbyn. Communism is usually understood as a process of class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, culminating in revolution, and leading to the establishment of a classless society in which private ownership is no more and the means of production belong to all. Although its hallmarks also appear in earlier writings, it took a firm shape in the 19th Century in the work of German thinkers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Their ideas underpinned the Russian revolution and a succession of attempts stretching over several continents throughout the 20th Century to put communism into practice, which have led to its being widely discredited as a political system. How it differs from socialism is a matter of debate, but adherence to the revolutionary socialism of Karl Marx is one hallmark of communism. Marxism For some, Jeremy Corbyn represents the resurgence of the Marxist wing of Labour, which fought for the soul of the party in the 1970s and 80s. Mr Corbyn once told Andrew Marr "we can learn a great deal" from Marx. Karl Marx's analysis of and prescription for society is a form of socialist thought, but he and Engels defined their philosophy as "scientific socialism", contrasting it with predecessors' "utopian socialism", which they regarded as not paying enough attention to material conditions or how to bring about change. He saw society as being built around the "material forces of production," - labour and the means of production - and the "relations of production" - the social and political arrangements that regulate them. Above that, he saw the superstructure - legal and political "forms of social consciousness" that correspond to the economic structure. History is defined by the struggle between two classes, the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, according to Marx, and the replacement of capitalism with communism can only occur when the proletariat becomes conscious of its oppression and embarks on revolution. He also thought communism would emerge in advanced economies, although many reinterpretations of his work have tried to transpose his philosophy on to poor, agrarian countries. Leninism Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, the architect of the Russian revolution, whose image adorns badges on sale at Labour conference this week, overlapped with Marx and Engels but rewrote their ideas to create his own doctrine. He did not trust that historical events, left to themselves, would lead workers to class consciousness and revolution. He believed the Communist Party should act as a vanguard, an intellectual elite determined to attain power through any means necessary and to overthrow capitalism once in power. Other distinctive aspects of his thought include his conviction that the state would "wither away" once communism had been achieved, and that there should be a "proletarian dictatorship" following the seizure of power. After 1917, however, these aims gave way to an increasingly centralised state and the repression of independent thought, prefiguring the dictatorship of Josef Stalin and permanently shaping how communism in practice would come to be seen. Trotskyism Leon Trotsky, one of the founders of the Soviet Union, split with Stalin in the 1930s - and was eventually killed in exile by a Stalinist assassin. The biggest gulf between them was that Stalin believed they could create a socialist society in their own country without a world revolution, whereas Trotsky believed his country could achieve socialism only if the working classes around the world rose up as one to overthrow the ruling classes - the doctrine of "international socialism". He also thought the Soviet Union had become a dictatorship under Stalin and advocated more democracy in the one-party state. His philosophy gained traction in parts of Latin America and, at the fringes, in Britain. He advocated entryism, advising his British followers to form a "secret faction" in the Labour Party to push his revolutionary agenda. This approach did not begin to bear any real fruit until the 1970s, with the rise of the Militant tendency - and has recently become a live issue again, with deputy Labour leader Tom Watson warning of entryists joining the party to vote for Jeremy Corbyn. Anarcho-syndicalism In July, former leader Lord Kinnock told a meeting of his party's MPs that Labour believed in parliamentary socialism, not anarcho-syndicalism. The idea is a variant of anarchism, and revolves around the replacement of the state with trade unions and associated cooperatives (in French, "syndicats"). It had some influence during the Spanish civil war, and the British government was fearful of it taking hold in the 1910s, but it never gained much popularity. Like other subsets of socialism, it was sent up by Monty Python, in Monty Python and the Holy Grail, in a scene where peasants declare themselves part of an anarcho-syndicalist commune in which "we take turns to act as a sort of executive-officer-for-the-week" and "all the decisions of that officer have to be ratified at a special bi-weekly meeting". Blairism After Tony Blair became leader in 1994, he continued the process of "modernisation" begun by Neil Kinnock, and pushed ahead with abolishing Clause IV of the party constitution. It ended the supremacy of the party conference, weakened links with the trades unions and killed off cherished old policies, most notably a commitment to public ownership of industry. This break came with a label of its own, as Mr Blair actively drew a distinction between "old Labour" and "new Labour". Many observers and party members credited Labour's subsequent electoral success to this innovation, and were happy to describe themselves as Blairites. But others saw Tony Blair and his supporters as "entryists" - ironic in view of the same accusation currently being made of the left - who were betraying true Labour values. This is the spirit in which the term "Blairite" has recently been directed at critics of Jeremy Corbyn within Labour. Neoliberalism Neoliberalism can be summarised as an economic model that emphasises the value of free market competition, sometimes linked to the economists Friedrich von Hayek and Milton Friedman, although it is difficult to pin down its defining features. It is commonly associated with a belief in sustained economic growth as the means to achieve human progress and an emphasis on minimal state intervention in economic and social affairs. It has also been used to refer to the ideology underlying capitalist globalisation - and is most often used as an epithet by anti-capitalists. Colin Talbot, a professor at Manchester University, recently wrote it was such a broad term as to be meaningless and few people ever admitted to being neoliberals - prompting an angry reaction by supporters of Mr Corbyn who thought he was dismissing the threat they believe it poses.

पिछले एक साल में लेबर पार्टी के नियंत्रण के लिए लड़ाई की एक विशेषता काफी हद तक उंगली उठाने वाली रही है, जिसमें नेता जेरेमी कॉर्बिन के समर्थकों ने "ट्रॉट्स" और "अराजकतावादी-सिंडिकालिस्ट" के रूप में निंदा की और उनके आलोचकों ने "ब्लेयराइट्स" और "नवउदारवादी" के रूप में ब्रांडेड किया। इन सभी शब्दों का क्या अर्थ है?


Media excitement over ICC withdrawal of Kenyatta case

Summary: Kenyan TV stations ran breaking news tickers as the news of the withdrawal of President Uhuru Kenyatta's case at the ICC was announced. The website of the leading newspaper, the Nation, carried a huge breaking news banner on its front page and the papers also reported the president's excitement over the news.

A presenter on the Kikuyu language Kameme FM radio station sporadically burst into prayer while announcing the news. The radio's presenters welcomed the news, as "the best news ever heard". They said the withdrawal was great news for the the president's ethnic Kikuyu community. President Kenyatta tweeted: "It has always been my position that the Kenyan cases at ICC were rushed there without proper investigation (#Vindicated)" He also said he was "excited" and wanted to "run home to my wife" to tell her the news, the Standard newspaper said. End of coalition? There was a great deal of discussion about the fate of Deputy President William Ruto. The accusations against Mr Ruto relate to attacks on Mr Kenyatta's Kikuyu community, especially in the ethnic Kalenjin heartland in the Rift Valley. An article in the Star newspaper predicted there would now be a strain in the ruling Jubilee coalition, which has occasionally been described as a union of convenience between Mr Ruto and Mr Kenyatta. "The prosecutors at The Hague could now tighten the noose around Deputy President William Ruto", the paper said. It quoted a political science lecturer, Henry Amadi, as saying: "Historically, the Kikuyu and Kalenjin communities have always lived in mutual suspicion and the ICC decisions may spell the end for the Jubilee Coalition". Also being tried alongside Mr Ruto is journalist Joshua arap Sang, fellow Kalenjin and presenter of the prominent Kalenjin-language station, Kass FM. Kass FM's initial reaction was to announce the end of the case against President Kenyatta and then it continued with its regular programming. Another leading Kalenjin station, Chamgei FM, carried a factual report and did not feature any reactions. Equally low-key reaction was observed in local radio stations broadcasting from the Lake Victoria area. This is the region of Kenyatta's presidential rival Raila Odinga, an ethnic Luo, and leader of the opposition. Radio Nam Lolwe's news presenter said: "It is a big victory for Uhuru Kenyatta. But Ruto and Sang will still remain in the dock." Other radio stations broadcasting in Luo ignored the news. Mixed views on Twitter Many Twitter users were pleased with the announcement. "Now that Kenyatta is acquitted, maybe he can re-focus 100 per cent on his nation," @mugabebright said. "The victims have only lost because ICC had the wrong people," @Charloh wrote while @BrownsonVK commented: "Just excited that my president is free at last." Others had a different opinion. @GaelleCarayon posted: "Real losers here are the thousands of victims whose plight for justice remains unanswered." Another user, @ellyakanga, commented: "The ICC's failure to prosecute Uhuru is a triumph for Kenyatta and may be Kenya, but this case risks setting a dangerous precedent." @DanielKiprutto posted: "Kikuyu MPs says vindication of Uhuru is a Christmas present. Tell Bensouda to take bold steps and drop the others," referring to a separate trial of Deputy President William Ruto and journalist Joshua arap Sang. BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.

केन्याई टीवी स्टेशनों ने आई. सी. सी. में राष्ट्रपति उहुरू केन्याटा के मामले को वापस लेने की खबर की घोषणा के रूप में ब्रेकिंग न्यूज टिकर्स चलाए। प्रमुख समाचार पत्र, द नेशन की वेबसाइट ने अपने पहले पृष्ठ पर एक विशाल ब्रेकिंग न्यूज बैनर चलाया और समाचार पत्रों ने भी इस खबर पर राष्ट्रपति के उत्साह की सूचना दी।