Calling your husband by name for the first time

Summary: Millions of Indian women have never used their husband's name - it's a way of showing their respect for him. The tradition is strictly observed in rural areas, though much less so in cities. Now, however, some campaigners are urging women in villages to give it up too.

By Geeta PandeyBBC News, Delhi What's in a name? A lot, if you're an Indian wife and the name in question is your husband's. I learned this early on in life. My parents were married for 73 years until my father died last year. At the time of their wedding, my mother was less than 11 and he had just turned 15. In the decades they were together, first in a tiny village in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and later in Kolkata (then Calcutta), she never called him by his name. When speaking to us children, she always referred to him as "babuji" - the Hindi word for "father" that we used. When addressing him directly, she always said "Hey ho", which means roughly "Hey you". As teenagers when we became aware of the fact, we made fun of her. We tried to trick her into saying his name just once. But she never did. All the other women in my home and neighbourhood also avoided saying their husband's name. So did tens of millions of women across India, regardless of their religion or caste. That's because in traditional Indian society, the husband is equated with god and a woman is taught from a young age that she must respect him. She is told that naming her husband could invite bad luck and shorten his life. Often the ban extends to other members of his family too - and the consequences of breaking it can be serious. One woman in the eastern state of Orissa faced retribution that was swift and harsh. "One day my sister-in-law asked who was sitting outside. I named all the men who were there, including my husband's uncle," Malati Mahato says in a film produced by Video Volunteers, a pressure group. The sister-in-law complained to the village council, which ruled Mahato's words "reprehensible" and she was banished, with her children, to a home on the edge of the village. For the past 18 months she has been ostracised by the other villagers. "The patriarchal hierarchy is enforced at many levels," says social anthropologist, Prof A R Vasavi. "The husband is considered equal to god so he has to be worshipped. In traditional matches he's generally from a higher caste and economically supports the wife so he's the yajman - the owner. And he's generally older, so has to be respected on that count too." How Indian wives address their husbands (without using his name) Video Volunteers has now begun a campaign in some rural communities in an attempt to change patriarchal traditions. Last October, Rohini Pawar, a volunteer in a village near the western city of Pune decided to raise the issue of naming husbands at a women's discussion group in her village. But before doing so, she decided she had better try it herself. Pawar told the BBC that she was married at 15 and that in 16 years of marriage had never called her husband Prakash by his name. "Earlier I'd call him 'baba', because his nephews called him that. Or I'd just say 'aaho' ('you' in the local Marathi language) to grab his attention." Prakash was relaxed about it but most other villagers weren't happy. Some ridiculed the couple. The women in the discussion group, however, were delighted with the idea. "We had great fun. We laughed a lot that day. For the first time in our life, we were shouting out our husbands' names," says Pawar, laughing. "We decided to make a video and asked the women to say it in three different ways - happily, with anger, and with love. "One of the women got carried away. She went home giddy with excitement and as soon as she saw her husband, she screamed out his name - and he slapped her. "He told her that if she ever dared to say his name again, he would give her a solid beating." In Indian cities, over time, it has become common for wives to name their husbands. With growing female literacy, more and more women joining the workforce, and love marriages often replacing arranged ones, the tradition began to seem out-of-date. When I married, my husband was a work colleague. I had called him by his name for years, so it would have made no sense to stop after the wedding. But A R Vasavi says this still only applies to a "very small segment" of Indian households. "It's the educated, assertive woman in big cities who calls her husband by name," she says. "It's unthinkable for tens of millions of women in rural India and even in conservative urban homes. If a new bride tries to go against the tide, she's swiftly admonished by her mum-in-law or other elderly women." Rohini Pawar says the hostile response from many in her village has only strengthened the resolve of the women in her group to continue challenging patriarchal traditions. "You see, change is not easy. People ask us why is it so important for us to use their names - what's the big deal?" she says. "I think, until you confront the small issue, how will you challenge the larger, more important issues?" It may seem like a small step, but it's the first step, she says, and the first step is always a big one. Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and Twitter.

लाखों भारतीय महिलाओं ने कभी भी अपने पति के नाम का उपयोग नहीं किया है-यह उनके प्रति अपना सम्मान दिखाने का एक तरीका है। यह परंपरा ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में सख्ती से मनाई जाती है, हालांकि शहरों में बहुत कम है। अब, हालाँकि, कुछ प्रचारक गाँवों में महिलाओं से भी इसे छोड़ने का आग्रह कर रहे हैं।


GM pigs: Green ham with your eggs?

Summary: In a small complex of nondescript barns set in the flat, snow-covered fields of Ontario is a scientific project which, some argue, represents the new frontier of a technology that could benefit millions of people around the world.

By Jeremy CookeEnvironment correspondent, BBC News For others what is happening here is weird, dangerous science. The pigs they are breeding could be among the first genetically modified farm animal to be approved for human consumption. The huge controversy over the introduction of genetically modified crops is well documented, but this seems to take that debate a step further, and into even more troubled waters. The project here is called Enviropig. The animals inside the clean, warm barns look like normal pigs and behave like normal pigs, but they are living, breathing wonders of modern science. Each one contains genes from mice and E.coli bacteria, which have been inserted into their DNA with absolute precision. Those genes make a small but important difference to the way these pigs process their food. Ordinarily, pigs cannot easily digest chemicals called phosphates. That means that the stuff that comes out of the back end can be toxic and damaging to the environment. The phosphates are easily washed into waterways, where they can produce a hugely fertile environment for plants. But the plants grow so rapidly that they choke the stream or river and cause huge damage to the ecosystem. The genetic modification enables these pigs to digest phosphates, which means they are less polluting and cheaper to feed. Controversial Professor Rich Moccia of the University of Guelph is proud of what has been achieved. "It's the forefront of discovery in the scientific community. It's one of only two animals right now using this kind of technology. It really is mind-boggling when you think of it." But it is controversial. To those who have campaigned so long and hard against the introduction of Genetically Modified (GM) crops, the notion of genetically engineered animals, such as Enviropig and fast-growing GM salmon, is a new front in a long war. In Toronto, the Big Carrot supermarket is among the few GM-free outposts in North America. They have been fighting for years to hold back the tidal wave of genetically modified produce. For anti-GM campaigner Lucy Sharratt, the very notion of transgenic animals is a nightmare. "This is an absolutely critical time when North America is at the very centre of the global conflict over genetically engineered animals - to break open a whole new area of application of this technology, which we had never imagined would be possible. "I am very worried and I think people around the world should be worried about what's happening in North America," she says. Clearly the debate remains deeply polarised. But there are also some indications that the debate may be slowly shifting. Dr Mart Gross, of the University of Toronto, used to oppose the idea of GM crops and animals. Now he has changed his mind. Feeding the human population, he says, must come first, and GM animals and plants may help. "We need to double food production," he says. "We currently have a global population of almost seven billion and we are looking at nine, 10 or 11 billion by 2050. "Where is that food going to come from? We have to produce more from less." The inventors of Enviropig know that it is by no means certain that government regulators will ever approve GM animals for human consumption. But the massive challenge of feeding a rocketing global population, and doing it in a sustainable way, could shift the debate and ultimately dictate whether Enviropigs end up on our dinner plates.

ओंटारियो के समतल, बर्फ से ढके खेतों में स्थापित गैर-वर्णित खलिहानों के एक छोटे से परिसर में एक वैज्ञानिक परियोजना है, जो कुछ लोगों का तर्क है कि एक ऐसी तकनीक की नई सीमा का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है जो दुनिया भर के लाखों लोगों को लाभान्वित कर सकती है।


Denbighshire school music service saved from axe

Summary: A school music service has been taken over by a new group after it was threatened with closure due to cash cuts by Denbighshire council.

Parents raised a near 4,000-name petition calling on the council to save the service which provides music lessons in schools and runs ensembles. The new Denbighshire Music Co-Operative will teach over 2,200 pupils each week from September, said the council. The not-for-profit organisation has also protected the jobs of 34 teachers. "We have offered a long term loan of the council's musical instruments to the new co-operative, which means that our children and young people can continue to use their instruments," said Councillor Eryl Williams, the council cabinet's lead member for education.

डेनबिघशायर परिषद द्वारा नकद कटौती के कारण बंद करने की धमकी के बाद एक स्कूल संगीत सेवा को एक नए समूह द्वारा ले लिया गया है।


Remploy shuts in Aberdare, Abertillery, Merthyr, Wrexham

Summary: Four Remploy factories in Wales are to close on Thursday.

Sites in Aberdare, Abertillery, Merthyr Tydfil and Wrexham will shut, to be followed at a later date by Swansea, with a total loss of 189 jobs. The UK government has claimed the £320m budget for disabled employment services could be better spent. The Welsh government has announced a £2.4m scheme for employers who give jobs to former Remploy workers for at least four years. Last month, Remploy officials rejected a private bid to take over the Wrexham factory, safeguarding 40 jobs. It was also confirmed in July that five Welsh Remploy plants will close in total. Two other sites which had been at risk, at Bridgend and Croespenmaen in Caerphilly county, will remain open. Minister for Disabled People Maria Miller has told the House of Commons: "We are doing everything we can to ensure that Remploy workers will receive a comprehensive package of support and guidance to make the transition from government-funded sheltered employment to mainstream jobs." Roy Whitney, lead representative for Unite in south Wales, told BBC Wales it was a "heartbreaking day". "To be honest, the company has not prepared the disabled people at all, it's been like Welsh lambs to the slaughter house. "They say there are plans in place with the Welsh assembly, they are helping us, they have set up a task force team, but as far as the UK government are concerned they destroyed a family that has been in existence for 60 years." Mr Whitney was not hopeful for the future. "There is no work out there for fit people, what makes the UK government think there'll be work out there for disabled people? "If we're here in 12 months time it'll be through the efforts of Welsh assembly and not through the efforts of the UK government - they don't care." The factories were established 66 years ago. And some of the workers have been employed there all their working lives like Nicholas Green, 41, from Wrexham, who started 26 years ago from school. "I have grown up here with all the lads," he said. "I have had no experience anywhere else so it's scary for someone like myself as I have no idea what to expect." The last shift ends at 13:00 BST on Thursday at Wrexham. Shadow Welsh Secretary Owen Smith said the announcement was a "real blow for those employees who have relied on stable employment in Remploy factories for many years". "The Remploy factories are an imperfect solution for the employment needs of disabled workers but for many they've been a real lifeline and they remain, in the present climate, a source of employment in areas where jobs are increasingly hard to come by," he added. Plaid Cymru's Hywel Williams backed the Welsh government's calls to devolve the Remploy budget. "We can achieve a great deal in creative and worthwhile development in supported employment in Wales if the responsibility, and most importantly the resources, are transferred from London to Cardiff," he said.

वेल्स में चार रेम्प्लॉयमेंट कारखाने गुरुवार को बंद होने वाले हैं।


Boris Johnson accused of misleading MPs over race review response

Summary: The shadow justice secretary is accusing Boris Johnson of misleading the Commons at Prime Minister's Questions, when he claimed the government had implemented 16 recommendations from his review into the treatment of ethnic minorities in the criminal justice system.

By Leila NathooBBC political correspondent In a letter to the prime minister - seen by the BBC - David Lammy urges Mr Johnson to correct what he calls "a catalogue of falsehoods" - and says only six of those 16 recommendations have been implemented. Mr Lammy was asked by former Conservative prime minister David Cameron to carry out an independent review into the treatment of people from black, Asian and minority ethnic communities by the criminal justice system in England and Wales. His report, published in September 2017, contained 35 recommendations. During Prime Minister's Questions on Wednesday, Boris Johnson said: "Sixteen of the Lammy recommendations have been implemented. A further 17 are in progress; two of them we are not progressing." Earlier this week, Justice Minister Alex Chalk answered a written parliamentary question saying 16 had been "completed", 17 were still in progress and two were not being taken forward. In his letter, Mr Lammy says he presumes the prime minister was referring to the same 16 - but says of those, only six have actually been implemented. They include the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) publishing all datasets held on ethnicity, the MoJ and Parole Board reporting on the proportion of prisoners released by offence and ethnicity, as well as the proportion of each ethnicity who go on to reoffend, and the Youth Justice Board publishing an evaluation of a trial of its 'disproportionality toolkit'. But Mr Lammy says there are clear examples of measures that have not been implemented - such as the publication of all sentencing remarks in Crown Court in audio or written form, and the renaming of youth offender panels. He writes that if the government is serious about correcting injustices, "it needs to be honest about the actions it has taken". He says the effect of Mr Johnson's comments was that the House was misled - a breach of parliamentary rules - and says he must correct the record. The letter is copied to the Speaker. A Ministry of Justice spokesperson said: "We set out our action plan in response to the Lammy Review in December 2017. "We have completed the actions we committed to for 16 of the recommendations, and actions for a further 17 will be completed within 12 months." Downing Street has been approached for a comment.

छाया न्याय सचिव बोरिस जॉनसन पर प्रधान मंत्री के प्रश्नों पर कॉमन्स को गुमराह करने का आरोप लगा रहे हैं, जब उन्होंने दावा किया कि सरकार ने आपराधिक न्याय प्रणाली में जातीय अल्पसंख्यकों के साथ व्यवहार में उनकी समीक्षा से 16 सिफारिशों को लागू किया था।


The evolution of UK-Australia travel into a single flight

Summary: Qantas will begin the first non-stop flights between Australia and the United Kingdom on Saturday. The 17-hour trip is a departure from an era when glamorous perceptions masked the tedium of a days-long journey. Now, as Julian Lorkin reports from Sydney, much focus is on the body clock.

In less than a century, travelling from Australia to the UK has evolved from a six-week sea voyage to just a single flight taking 17 hours. There will be no stopovers on 24 March, when Flight QF9 leaves from Perth, Western Australia's capital, at 18:45 local time for London. It returns as QF10 on 25 March, leaving Heathrow at 13.30 local time and arriving the next day. The 14,498km (9,000 miles) service will be the first non-stop link between the nations. How long did it take in the early days? The first trip on the so-called "Kangaroo Route" started in 1935. That journey had 10 major stopovers and 21 more refuelling stops over a distance of 20,525km (12,700 miles). The co-pilot of the tiny De Havilland 86 handed out sandwiches, and the fare cost the equivalent of around A$18,000 (£10,000; $14,000) today. By 1938, "flying boats" flew from Sydney for Southampton - a trip that lasted nine days. Cabins were so spacious that passengers could stroll around and smoke. Over the decades stopovers reduced, but the first flights that modern travellers would recognise started in 1971. With two stopovers, Qantas Boeing 747 passengers were advised to bring "several books". The "Captain Cook Lounge" bar behind the cockpit provided the only other entertainment, the airline said. Why can we fly direct now? The route uses the Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner, which is twice as fuel efficient as the Boeing 747. It also improves cabin air pressure. "Non-stop flights have been talked about for many years, but aircraft technology has only just caught up," said Dr Dean Wilkie, a consumer marketing expert from the University of Adelaide. The flight will be the world's second-longest after Qatar Airways' route from Doha to Auckland, which spans 14,529km, according to the International Air Transport Association. Other carriers, including Emirates and United Airlines, have also flown non-stop journeys greater than 14,000km. As technology advances make ultra-long flights more economically viable, other challengers are expected. Singapore Airlines plans to claim back the coveted longest-flight trophy, with a 15,300km journey between Singapore and New York. It once flew that route using Airbus A340-500s, but stopped in 2013 because the four-engine plane was inefficient. Airbus is refining the A350, and its latest model will have a range of about 17,960km. That puts the prospect of an even longer route - such as Sydney to London - within reach. Who benefits from this route? The Western Australia (WA) state government is expecting an increase in tourist numbers after an advertising blitz in London that calls on people to "wake up in Western Australia". The state has entered into a A$5.7m (£3.2m GBP) marketing agreement with Qantas, including screens showing the highlights of WA at London's Liverpool Street station. According to state Tourism Minister Paul Papalia, "the campaign encourages travel into regional WA, as well as [local attractions] Rottnest Island, Elizabeth Quay and Perth's beaches". Qantas potentially has an untapped market, according to Dr Wilkie. "The UK is a standout market for Qantas, but many tourists never consider Western Australia. Now they'll get to see Perth too," he told the BBC. Melbourne will also benefit from a connecting flight. Fierce competition from Asia-based airlines should also put pressure on fares, Dr Wilkie said. What's it like flying for 17 hours in economy? Singapore Airlines abandoned its previous flight to New York after deciding that 19 hours was too much to tolerate in economy. A move to convert the entire aircraft into business class was not financially sustainable. Now experts are looking at ways to minimise the toll that long-haul flights can have on passengers in economy. Prof Steve Simpson, from the University of Sydney's Charles Perkins Centre, works with Qantas to study the impact of such a long flight on the human body. He describes it a test of human endurance. "Your circadian rhythm takes cues off food and light, and this flight disrupts it," he said. He said that's why flight attendants typically lower window shades and serve meals at destination times - a move that often surprises passengers. Twenty people on the inaugural UK-Australia flight will be wired into monitors to check how their bodies are coping, including their temperature, which is crucial for sleeping. "It will be 22C (72F) when people board, but 4C lower mid-flight, which tricks the body to change their internal clock," he said. Passengers can also use strategies to help themselves, he added. "Get up really early a few days before the flight. Have an early lunch at [the airport], maybe at 10am," he said. "The first meal on the plane becomes dinner. You'll sleep, even though it's only 4pm."

क्वांटास शनिवार को ऑस्ट्रेलिया और यूनाइटेड किंगडम के बीच पहली नॉन-स्टॉप उड़ान शुरू करेगा। 17 घंटे की यात्रा एक ऐसे युग से प्रस्थान है जब ग्लैमरस धारणाओं ने एक दिन की लंबी यात्रा के तनाव को छुपा दिया था। अब, जैसा कि जूलियन लॉर्किन सिडनी से रिपोर्ट करते हैं, बहुत ध्यान बॉडी क्लॉक पर है।


Seven public toilets closing in Cardiff due to cost

Summary: Seven public toilets across Cardiff are to shut due to high running costs - estimated at about £16 each time they are used.

Cardiff council said the automated units would close on 31 March before being removed. Its 20-year operational contract was meant to run until April 2025. The seven toilets are on Penlline Road, Ty Glas Road, Albany Road, Four Elms Road, Frederick Street, Delta Street and Harrowby Street. Cabinet member for environment, Bob Derbyshire, said the running costs could "no longer be justified".

पूरे कार्डिफ में सात सार्वजनिक शौचालयों को चलने की उच्च लागत के कारण बंद कर दिया जाना है-प्रत्येक बार जब उनका उपयोग किया जाता है तो लगभग £16 का अनुमान लगाया जाता है।


How India viral messages helped catch rape suspect

Summary: Viral WhatsApp messages spreading rumours have been blamed for a spate of recent lynchings across India. But police in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh used the platform to track down a rape suspect, reports BBC Hindi's Nitin Srivastava.

The victim, a seven-year-old girl, was reported missing on 26 June by her parents when she didn't return home from school in the town of Mandsaur. The following morning, a vegetable seller found the girl bleeding and unconscious behind a bus stop in a quieter part of the town. She was rushed to a local hospital where doctors confirmed that she had been raped. She is still recovering from grievous injuries, including stab wounds. As news of the brutal attack spread quickly in the small town of some 200,000 people, hundreds of them poured onto the streets demanding justice for the girl. But the police had no leads because the CCTV cameras at the school were not working and there were no witnesses either. The victim was not in a position to give any statement. Desperate in the face of mounting public anger, police reached out to people who ran businesses near the girl's school to obtain CCTV footage. After scanning 400 hours of footage, the police finally ended up with three different clips, which showed a girl in a school uniform walking with a frail, young man. She appeared to have walked away with him after he offered her sweets. The victim's parents identified the girl in the video as their daughter but the man's face was not clearly visible. But police were able to recognise the brand of his sports shoes. That's when the police decided to share the three video clips from the CCTV footage widely on social media, hoping someone would recognise the suspect. They realised the risk - rumours of child kidnappings, spread over WhatsApp, had led mobs to lynch strangers across India in the past few months. What if these messages were manipulated to incite people? Mandsaur was no stranger to communal frenzy either. Tensions between Hindus and Muslims have flared up here in the past over issues related to cow-slaughter and religious processions. Police admitted that rumours had already begun spreading on WhatsApp and via text messages about the victim's and the suspect's religious identity. "Pictures of her along with fake messages of her being dead began circulating," Manoj Singh, the town's police chief, said. So, they informed community leaders, local politicians and local residents' associations before they began circulating the video on various WhatsApp and Facebook groups. Police said, much to their relief, both communities worked together to help identify the suspect. "We felt this was a criminal case and should not be given a religious colour. It could happen to anyone's daughter," Jitendra Rathore, local chief of the right-wing Hindu organisation Bajrang Dal, said. The police control room received more than a dozen tips in response, based on which they narrowed their search down to seven suspects. And they began searching Facebook for accounts that matched one of them. Three days later, police zeroed in on one main suspect based on his Facebook profile. One of the major clues was the shoes which they had already identified in the CCTV footage. They have arrested two men in connection with the case. Families of both the accused have said they are innocent. The police said circulating the video clips was a calculated risk which eventually paid off. "I didn't sleep the whole night after we began circulating the CCTV footage on WhatsApp groups", Mr Singh said.

अफवाहें फैलाने वाले वायरल वॉट्सऐप संदेशों को पूरे भारत में हाल ही में लिंचिंग की घटनाओं के लिए दोषी ठहराया गया है। लेकिन मध्य भारतीय राज्य मध्य प्रदेश में पुलिस ने एक बलात्कार संदिग्ध का पता लगाने के लिए मंच का उपयोग किया, बीबीसी हिंदी के नितिन श्रीवास्तव की रिपोर्ट।


Nigeria: 'World oil pollution capital'

Summary: Visitors to the Nigerian village of Kpor, deep in the Niger Delta, are greeted by strange sights: silver frogs blink from gleaming puddles, sunlight bounces from an eerie black lake, and dragonflies hover over cauldrons of tar.

By Caroline DuffieldBBC News, Niger Delta This is Rivers State, an area abundant in oil and gas. Environmentalists call the Delta the global capital of oil pollution, but unlike the Gulf of Mexico, there are no underwater robots, flotillas of scientists or oil booms here. On 12 May 2009, Shell's Bomo manifold blew up, leaking massive amounts of crude. Local people say 39 hectares were contaminated. A second leak - from a derelict oil tap - had already been continuously spilling oil for years. Shell hired a local company to clean up, but the area remains an oil slick. Little pollution data "It kills our fish, destroys our skin, spoils our streams, we cannot drink," says Saturday Pirri, a local palm wine tapper. "I have no livelihood left." His father taught him to make palm wine but today the trees yield only a quarter of what they once provided. Kpor is a world away from the Gulf of Mexico. In the Niger Delta, there is little independent monitoring of spills, and the companies themselves disclose virtually no data about their own pollution. But, according to the Nigerian government, there were more than 7,000 spills between 1970 and 2000. Environmentalists believe spills - large and small - happen at a rate of 300 every year. Site after site visited by the BBC - in both Bayelsa State and Ogoniland - had happened months before, and still not been cleaned up. In May an Exxon Mobil pipeline in Akwa Ibom sprang a leak - one of several spills involving the company. Environmentalists, journalists and local people described oil leaking for days in a massive spill. Exxon dispute that. They say the leak was less than 300 barrels and that it was isolated on the same day. The claims of the oil company, and the scepticism of environmentalists, are a good example of how little clear agreement there is about the size of spills. "The Gulf of Mexico has drawn the attention of the whole world," says Erabanabari Kobah, a local environmentalist. "Even the president of the United States must go there to see it. The people there get compensation. But here, you must go to court. You cannot win against the oil companies in court.' The oil industry is accused of a sharp double standard in its operations - of taking advantage of Nigeria's lack of environment law and weak regulation, while observing higher standards of safety and maintenance overseas. Dangerous and unpredictable "It is a grave situation," says Kingsley Ogundu Chinda, environment commissioner in Rivers State. "I blame the owners of the facilities. They are economical with the truth. They are not sincere in their practice. They are not sincere with the people." He also says the government has failed to force companies to observe the law. The joint ventures operating here are effectively Nigerian companies, operating under Nigerian law. Shell, for example, owns only a 30% stake in SPDC - the Shell Petroleum Development Company. The rest is Nigeria's national oil company, the NNPC, and smaller stakeholders. The industry certainly has the spotlight - but not all of the power - nor all of the responsibility. It is a dangerous and unpredictable business. Oil workers and oil contractors are regularly kidnapped for ransom. Heavily armed militants blow up pipelines, stealing oil in a process known as "bunkering". Shell says most of the spills are caused by sabotage, and therefore beyond their control. It is impossible to verify. "We take every precaution that a spill as a result of our operation is kept to an absolute minimum," says Mutiu Sunmonu, Shell's managing director in Nigeria. "I can tell you that we have been able to achieve that in terms of the spills that are within our control." Closely guarded? But oil industry insiders also speak of derelict infrastructure. They talk of decades-old pipelines, rusting oil taps, corroding manifolds, and historic underinvestment reaching back decades. We decided to examine flow stations and pipelines for ourselves. "Getting close is not easy," shouts Evangelist Ibinabobo Sanipe, over the roar of the speedboat. As national secretary of the Oil and Gas Host Communities Association, he is travelling with us. "The military guard this place fiercely," he warns. We bounce above the waves towards a column of dark smoke on the horizon, it is the Bille 2 Awoba Flowstation. Before long, a big military vessel warns us to pull over, with our hands in the air. But with just a few jokes and handshakes, the soldiers are smiling and joking. We continue our journey, having paid no bribe, and shown no identification. Closer to the station, orange flames flicker through the trees, and the air is thick with fumes. Another military patrol is just metres away, behind the station, but we're out of sight. For 25 minutes, we film the roaring gas flares, before two men in a canoe ask us to leave. "It is very disturbing," says Evangelist Sanipe. "If Shell is serious about stopping sabotage and oil spills, we would not have got so close." But protecting oil facilities from attack by armed gangs is the responsibility of the Nigerian military. In the past, spectacular attacks on oil facilities in Nigeria have threatened the country's energy security, and delivered shocks to the global oil markets. The ease with which we reached the Awoba Flowstation will raise questions over the security of oil facilities. It is clear that the desperate efforts to halt the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the US have prompted many Nigerians to look hard at their own environmental catastrophe. There is a sense of anger, even among those a long way from the Delta. Shell insists it is misplaced. "I have no regrets," insists Mutiu Sunmonu, Shell's managing director. "I am convinced that the oil companies' business in Nigeria, and their participation here, is a force for good."

नाइजर डेल्टा में गहरे नाइजीरियाई गाँव कोपोर के आगंतुकों का अजीब दृश्यों से स्वागत किया जाता हैः चांदी के मेंढक चमकते गड्ढों से पलक झपकाते हैं, एक भयानक काली झील से सूरज की रोशनी उछलती है, और ड्रैगनफ्लाइज टार की कड़ाही पर मंडराते हैं।


Buses connecting Ceredigion and Pembrokeshire unveiled

Summary: A new fleet of buses linking Ceredigion and Pembrokeshire have been officially unveiled by the Welsh government.

Five new buses on the T5 service will connect Aberystwyth and Haverfordwest via Cardigan and Fishguard. Transport Minister Edwina Hart launched the new vehicles on the service, which is one of the busiest in Wales, carrying more than 363,000 passengers in the last year. The buses include free wi-fi internet connections and audio announcements. The new buses are part of services being rolled out across the TrawsCymru network, taking the number of new vehicles to 15.

सेरेडिगियन और पेम्ब्रोकेशायर को जोड़ने वाली बसों के एक नए बेड़े का वेल्श सरकार द्वारा आधिकारिक रूप से अनावरण किया गया है।


Luisa Ortega: Venezuela's chief prosecutor

Summary: Venezuela's chief prosecutor, Luisa Ortega, has emerged as a key figure in the country's politics in recent months. BBC News takes a closer look at the 59-year-old lawyer and how she went from being seen as an ally of President Nicolás Maduro to one of his most outspoken critics.

Luisa Ortega was appointed to the post of chief prosecutor by the National Assembly in December 2007, when the legislature was still controlled by the governing socialist PSUV. One of the most influential politicians in the PSUV, Diosdado Cabello, appointed her and for years she was seen a staunch ally of President Hugo Chávez and his successor in office, Nicolás Maduro. It was Luisa Ortega who announced in 2014 that opposition leader Leopoldo López had been charged with public incitement and conspiracy over his role in a wave of protests at the time. Watch: Venezuela crisis: What's going on? What lies ahead for divided Venezuela? Mr López was later found guilty and sentenced to more than 13 years in jail, a move widely condemned by human rights groups and international leaders who said it was politically motivated. But in March 2017 she broke rank with the government when she said that a Supreme Court ruling stripping the opposition-controlled National Assembly of its powers was unlawful. The news conference she gave, constitution in hand, and with members of her team standing behind her, caught the government by surprise and delighted members of the opposition. Speaking out It was just the first in a series of news conferences during which she became increasingly direct in her criticism of the government. On 19 April, she published a statement defending the right of citizens to hold peaceful protests. Ms Ortega also publicly contradicted government ministers when she announced that 20-year old protester Juan Pablo Pernalete was killed by a tear gas canister fired by the National Guard. The foreign minister at the time, Delcy Rodríguez,and Information Minister Ernesto Villegas had said that evidence suggested he was shot with a bolt gun by fellow protesters. In June, she filed a challenge against President Maduro's plan to convene a constituent assembly. Labelled a traitor The Supreme Court rejected it but her legal challenge prompted vitriol from socialist party officials who labelled her a "traitor" and even questioned her sanity. A lawmaker for the socialist party, Pedro Carreño demanded that she should submit to a "psychological evaluation". Ms Ortega said that in the wake of her criticism of the government, her family had been threatened. "They harass them. They follow them, patrol cars that look like [the Venezuelan intelligence service] Sebin," she said. At the end of June, Venezuela's Supreme Court paved the way for a possible trial of Ms Ortega on charges of "threatening public ethics and administrative morals" and of "violating and threatening the fundamental principles of the constitution". The court also banned her from leaving the country and froze her assets. Her powers were also curtailed when the Supreme Court transferred some of her post's duties to the ombudsman, a government loyalist. Ms Ortega said the move was part of an attempt by the government to abolish her office. She also refused to attend a hearing on 4 July which was called to determine whether she should stand trial for alleged malpractice. "I'm not going to validate a circus whose decision is already made [against me]. I don't recognise them!" she said. Most recently, she has been highly critical of election held on 30 July to choose members for the controversial constituent assembly convened by President Maduro. Ms Ortega has called for an independent audit of the vote after allegations the figure for the turnout had been inflated. Her trajectory from party loyalist to thorn in the side of the government has made her future very uncertain. A close ally of Mr Maduro, Jorge Rodríguez, said it was only a matter of time until she would be removed from her post. "She is the past," the influential politician said. Ms Ortega has insisted that it is not her who has changed but those around her. "I've always been the same. The ones who have changed are the others," she told CNN. "Look up my stance since I was named as chief prosecutor and you'll see I've always maintained the same position."

वेनेजुएला की मुख्य अभियोजक, लुइसा ओर्टेगा, हाल के महीनों में देश की राजनीति में एक प्रमुख व्यक्ति के रूप में उभरी हैं। बीबीसी न्यूज 59 वर्षीय वकील पर करीब से नज़र डालता है और कैसे उन्हें राष्ट्रपति निकोलस मादुरो के सहयोगी के रूप में देखे जाने से उनके सबसे मुखर आलोचकों में से एक के रूप में देखा गया।


The great unwind: How furlough can you go?

Summary: Re-starting the economy also means an end to the vast financial support schemes to help individuals and firms, but they will have to be wound down gradually. Nearly a quarter of employed people are being furloughed. Getting them back to work brings risks for them and for infection, and will require trust and confidence. Government cannot simply unwind restrictions. It will have to offer tax incentives to get money moving round the economy once more.

Douglas FraserBusiness/economy editor, Scotland It's proving quite easy to spend a gobsmacking amount of money to keep the economy from collapse. It's more problematic to lend it by the tens of billions. It will almost certainly prove more difficult again to stop splashing government moola. Applying the brakes to the spending, while firing up the boilers on the battered British economy, is now where the chancellor, Rishi Sunak, has turned his attention. He's looking at the bills for the Job Retention Scheme, or furloughing, which now covers nearly quarter of employed workers. That's 6.3 million pay packets the Treasury is having to flood, in reverse, through the PAYE system. The number of self-employed people, on a different income support scheme, is yet to become clear. And 1.8 million more people have applied for Universal Credit since the health and economy crisis began. Looming redundancy Furloughing is, by a long way, the element of support for both firms and individuals that has been most welcomed. But it's still got problems and holes in it. The Scottish Tourism Alliance has just published a survey showing half of its respondents are using it, and only 22% of firms in the sector say it works well for them. Yet however critical they are of the dates for qualifying or any complexity in admin, they know there would and will be a lot of pain without it. Asked last month, and looking to the removal of furlough payments, the tourism survey by TRKR found 47% of firms won't be able to employ any staff at all. One question that raises: if the future is bound to involve redundancy, is it good use of borrowed government funds only to be putting off that date? But such expectations could be confounded if the exit from furlough is well designed and implemented. Tapered exit With business and trade unions asked to comment on draft plans for the ways in which businesses can reopen, one theme running through their responses is that spending taps cannot simply be turned off at the end of June, when the furlough and self-employed schemes are currently due to end. And Mr Sunak gets what they're saying. On Monday, he told ITV News: "There will be no cliff edge to the furlough scheme. I am working to figure out the most effective way to wind down the scheme and ease people back into work in a measured way. "But some scenarios have suggested we are potentially spending as much on the furlough scheme as we do on the NHS, for example. Now clearly that is not a sustainable situation." (The Chancellor did not say this to ITV's partner on Channel 3, STV News. Had he linked to the Glasgow newsroom, he would have found that John MacKay, its lead anchorman and the face of the station has... been furloughed. Strange times.) So exit from furlough will have to be tapered, and for several reasons. One is that people are being asked to take a leap off the rescue boat, and back into some extremely choppy waters. To go from 80% of usual income into a dark void of income uncertainty is a big ask. Workers do not know the health risks they may face back at work. They may face future illness as infection continues to spread. With contact tracing now being put in place, we may get a call from a stranger, telling us to go into isolation for 14 days. How is our boss going to feel about that? Those who rely on contracts from other businesses will find many of those clients shell-shocked and unwilling to commit to new spending. Where customers are the public, they are being told to be very cautious until there's a vaccine, and that's probably a long way off. Stretched tight The other reason for tapering the furlough is to allow employees to do some work. Unlike the self-employed, those on furlough payments are barred from doing anything for their employer. When the time comes to crank up the office, numerous changes will be required to manage the use of space and impose social distancing. A lot of yellow tape will be applied to workplace floors to manage one-way flows and keep people two metres apart. Personal protective equipment will have to be sourced in advance, with supply chains stretched tight. None of that can be done in advance of a restart by staff who are not allowed to work. And there's another risk of furlough being withdrawn too quickly: some companies will move from furlough straight to redundancy. A careful government policy should seek to minimise that, with tapering and perhaps other incentives to employers. Nations and regions Can and will it be done differently in Scotland and England? That question betrays the default position of a pre-Covid-19 mindset. Yes, it could be done differently. Nicola Sturgeon has said there are good ideas in Whitehall's draft guidelines for easing people back to work, but the first minister also raised trade union concerns that should be addressed: about workplace health precautions being "considered" rather than mandated. The Scottish government will consult on the guidelines/rules, and can adapt them as necessary. But this is not merely familiar tension between Holyrood and Westminster. "Unlockdown", as the prime minister is reported to call the process, could also be done differently around the regions of England. In a paper published in London last week, the Institute for Government pointed out that a regional approach has been tried in South Korea and Japan, and now in Italy. By lifting restrictions in different regions and nations, it allows the path of infection to be tracked, to see what works best. But the institute also points out the risk of confusing the public with a more complex message. There will have to be some thought given to travel restrictions between high-restriction and low-restriction areas. And a big complication is how continued support for furlough costs in one part of the UK would be funded, while there's withdrawal from another part. Liberating women The divergence will likely be between sectors of the economy. Outdoor work has been flagged up as being at the front of the queue, while hospitality looks likely to be among the last to start trading under the "new normal". And there could be demographic divergence. Can all those aged over 70 continue to face incarceration when the state of their health varies so much? Can children - who may yet be proven to have lower infection rates, and less dire escalation of symptoms - be given the opportunity to choose a "bubble" of friends for play as well as learning, so long as they stick to the same bubble members? As young adults may be at less risk from the virus and at more risk than other groups from the economic impact on their finances and job prospects, can they be given priority for relaxed rules? And if it's true that women are less susceptible to the life-threatening complications from Covid-19 that afflict men, could there be an easing of restrictions on women without men? I wouldn't bet on it. It's clear that whichever route is taken - and there could be several such divergences around the UK at one time - the increased complexity risks not only confusion, but a sense of unfairness. And if people don't feel the application of rules is reasonable or fair, that's where the surprisingly high levels of compliance in phase one could be undermined in subsequent phases. Cash for clunkers The Institute for Government points out that it will not be sufficient simply to withdraw restrictions, as if economic activity will naturally and quickly flow back into the space occupied by constraints. It won't. For those reasons of stickiness of purchasing decisions by both business clients and consumers, there will also be a requirement on Rishi Sunak to stimulate activity. As well as spending, there are tax levers available. Companies could be incentivised to invest in anti-infection measures around workplaces, which will be an added cost to cash-strapped firms. Or consumer choices can be stimulated. VAT cuts targeted at specific sectors of consumer goods, for instance? In Germany, there's already been an announcement that VAT will have a temporary cut for restaurant meals starting in July. It gives customers and restaurateurs something to book and look forward to. To boost rehiring of people, one controversial idea from the Institute of Government report is holding back on further increases to the legislated minimum wage, though this would be at a time when low-paid key workers have won a lot of public sympathy. And could there be a car scrappage scheme, similar to the one we had 11 years ago to help jump-start the economy out of the financial crunch, but weighted heavily towards low-emission vehicles? In the USA, it was known as "cash for clunkers". This could hit the twin objectives of stimulating the economy while lowering emissions from the nation's fleet of vehicles. Relaxing the rules will have to be complex as well as cautious. It will require encouragement and incentives, and the continuation of a very large bill for government.

अर्थव्यवस्था को फिर से शुरू करने का मतलब यह भी है कि व्यक्तियों और फर्मों की मदद करने के लिए विशाल वित्तीय सहायता योजनाओं का अंत हो जाएगा, लेकिन उन्हें धीरे-धीरे बंद करना होगा। लगभग एक चौथाई नियोजित लोगों को छुट्टी दी जा रही है। उन्हें काम पर वापस लाने से उनके लिए और संक्रमण के लिए जोखिम होता है, और विश्वास और विश्वास की आवश्यकता होगी। सरकार केवल प्रतिबंधों को हटा नहीं सकती है। अर्थव्यवस्था को फिर से चलाने के लिए उसे कर प्रोत्साहन की पेशकश करनी होगी।


New Zealand: MP covered with mud at Auckland court

Summary: A man fined for plotting to throw manure over Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall has struck again, this time hurling a bucket of mud at a New Zealand MP as he arrived at court to face electoral fraud charges.

By News from Elsewhere......media reports from around the world, found by BBC Monitoring TV New Zealand showed what it called a bucket of "foul-smelling" mud hitting MP John Banks on the arm. The incident delayed the start of the trial, while Banks changed into a new suit. The MP is accused of filing a false electoral return after a failed bid in 2010 to become the mayor of Auckland. The court alleges Banks knew about NZ$65,000 (£32,000) of campaign donations from Kim Dotcom, who started the now-closed file sharing site Megaupload, and another media group - which were listed as "anonymous". The mud-slinger was later identified as Castislav Sam Bracanov, a veteran anti-royalist protester who was fined NZ$200 (£100) for his manure plot when the prince and the duchess visited New Zealand in November 2012. He was previously arrested in 1994 after spraying air freshener at Prince Charles. "I'll do it again and again," Bracanov said after his 2012 conviction. "I'll win one day." Use #NewsfromElsewhere to stay up-to-date with our reports via Twitter.

प्रिंस चार्ल्स और डचेस ऑफ कॉर्नवाल पर खाद फेंकने की साजिश रचने के लिए जुर्माना लगाए गए एक व्यक्ति ने फिर से हमला किया है, इस बार न्यूजीलैंड के एक सांसद पर मिट्टी की एक बाल्टी फेंकी है क्योंकि वह चुनावी धोखाधड़ी के आरोपों का सामना करने के लिए अदालत में आया था।


Isle of Man legal aid reviewed for first time in 14 years

Summary: A full review of the Isle of Man's legal aid system will be carried out for the first time in 14 years, the Manx government has said.

The independent Legal Aid Committee is examining the existing system and how it can be best provided in the future. Chairman Andrew Swithinbank said their focus is to promote a "fair, equitable and transparent" system. Legal aid gives access to justice for those without the means to pay for it. The first stage of the review will be a public consultation in the Isle of Man which will run until 28 November. Mr Swithinbank said: "The focus of the committee is to promote access to justice in a manner which is fair, equitable, transparent, professional and which uses public resources carefully and effectively. "

मैनक्स सरकार ने कहा है कि 14 वर्षों में पहली बार आइल ऑफ मैन की कानूनी सहायता प्रणाली की पूरी समीक्षा की जाएगी।


What is the Good Friday Agreement?

Summary: The Good Friday Agreement, The Belfast Agreement.

By Jordan KennyBBC News NI An agreement that can't even agree on its own name - the irony. Northern Ireland has lived with this agreement for 20 years and its name (in whatever form) is never far from the tips of our politicians' tongues. But do younger people, who have never experienced life without it, even know what it is? "The talks that ended the Troubles... I think." That was among the responses offered cautiously when BBC News NI asked young people - some as young as 18 - 'What is the Good Friday Agreement?' "I know it was a peace agreement," said another. "It was something to do with the Northern Ireland peace process." The Good Friday Agreement was signed on 10 April 1998 after intense negotiations between the UK government, the Irish government and Northern Ireland political parties. Among other things, it set up a power-sharing Northern Ireland Assembly. Other main points in the agreement were: However, the agreement also came with its own wave of controversy. Part of it would see the early release of paramilitary prisoners who had been in Northern Ireland jails. Some 428 paramilitary prisoners from both sides of the community were to walk free, 143 of them had been serving life sentences for things like murders and bombings. A referendum (similar to Brexit, but definitely not Brexit) was held on both sides of the Irish border for the people to decide whether or not they wanted the agreement. The result? A resounding 'Yes'. Some 71% voted in favour of the agreement in Northern Ireland and 94% voted in favour of it in the Republic of Ireland. After elections in June of 1998, the all-new Northern Ireland Assembly was formed. It met for the first time on 1 July and David Trimble and Seamus Mallon were elected as first and deputy first ministers. As one young man said of the agreement: "Erm, I've never heard of it. No idea. Don't know what it is". Is it any clearer now?

गुड फ्राइडे समझौता, बेलफास्ट समझौता।


Call for finance control of Jersey Heritage Trust

Summary: The Heritage Trust, which runs Jersey's historic buildings and museums, should have more tightly controlled finances, a report claims.

The States stepped in to support the trust when it announced funding difficulties and also undertook a review of how the deficit came about. The report found a lack of action and unsuccessful management had contributed to its financial condition. The States has been asked for £200,000 a year to keep the heritage sites open. The Scrutiny report recommended a strengthening of financial controls, a service level agreement that defined responsibilities and a review of the funding opportunities of heritage sites.

एक रिपोर्ट में दावा किया गया है कि जर्सी की ऐतिहासिक इमारतों और संग्रहालयों को चलाने वाले हेरिटेज ट्रस्ट के पास अधिक सख्ती से नियंत्रित वित्त होना चाहिए।


Tour de France Grand Depart diary

Summary: With the world's biggest bike race starting in Leeds on 5 July, BBC Yorkshire's Tour de France correspondent Matt Slater rounds up the best of the gossip, opinion and stories, on and off the bike, and also tries to explain some of cycling's unique lingo. TOP STORIES

You only have to look at the lonely hearts column (I have for research purposes) to see how highly human beings value a "good sense of humour". Sadly, it is part of the human condition that we cannot decide what this might look and sound like - each to their own and all that. For evidence of this look no further than the northern reaches of the Tour's first stage. A sign on the route in West Tanfield saying "Welcome to Widowmakers Bend" has prompted criticism from some cyclists who think this is in bad taste. And a little further back in Gunnerside somebody has decorated their front garden with a wheel-less bike that appears to have crashed into a flowerbed. One cyclist described this "depiction of a cycle at odds with the spirit of the area and more like Jeremy Clarkson welcoming the Tour". The sign-owner in West Tanfield is having none of it, though. "It's not that dangerous a bend," he explained. "If you were in soap box derby it might be but not for professional riders." Full story: Northern Echo Perhaps the story above is just a case of visitors not getting the locals' dry humour - a cultural misunderstanding, if you will. If that is the case it reinforces the need for different communities to explore each other's customs. So "well done", or "chapeau", to Pocklington Infant School in East Yorkshire for their French-themed sports day. The garlic and spoon race was genius. Full story: Pocklington Post Continuing on the "friends-through-sport" theme, Sheffield Eagles and Leeds Rhinos great Keith Senior is riding more than 1,000 miles from Perpignan in the foothills of the Pyrenees, to Leeds on the banks of the mighty Aire, over the course of eight days from this Saturday. He is doing this to raise money for three charities, and to deliver the match ball for Sunday week's Leeds-Catalans Dragons game. Good luck, sir! Full story: The Star CYCLING ROUND-UP Tuesday felt like the day the wheels finally came off the "Wiggo to the Tour" bandwagon, but also the day we got a dress rehearsal of the performance the vast majority of the crowd in Yorkshire will be hoping for on Saturday, 5 July. Let us deal with Sir Bradley Wiggins' woes first. Having been sent to the Tour of Switzerland with Team Sky's B team, he endured four pretty miserable days of riding which culminated in a crash about 25km from the fourth stage's finish. The 2012 Tour de France champion had been pootling along at the back of a field, struggling with a chest infection, when another rider ploughed into him. He did pick himself up eventually and ride gingerly to the finish, but it put the cherry on top of a bad week. It was no surprise when confirmation came through on Wednesday that he was on his way home. His next ride will be the time trial at the British Cycling National Road Championships in Wales next week. Far, far better, however, was the news further up the road, because 12 minutes before Wiggins crossed the line in Ossingen, Mark Cavendish did so, arms aloft, celebrating another victory. But what was so special about this one was that it was after a slightly uphill sprint, and he surged past the man who will probably be his toughest opponent on the slightly uphill sprint into Harrogate. A repeat of Tuesday's Swiss display in the Yorkshire spa town would be a real tonic. TWEET OF THE DAY "Happy birthday to the greatest of all time - Eddy Merckx." @lancearmstrong, a man who some once made an argument for in the all-time great stakes, sends 69th birthday wishes to a rider whose status as the sport's greatest is now almost undisputed. TODAY'S TOUR TRIVIA I have so far avoided listing any doping-related items in this section but sandwiched between mentions of Armstrong, Merckx, Hincapie and O'Grady it seems reasonable to do it now. Armstrong's and Hincapie's stories are well documented, and O'Grady was named in a French Senate report into blood-doping at the 1998 Tour, but Merckx's three positive drugs tests are less well known these days. The positives came in 1969, 1973 and 1977, and they were for three different stimulants. In terms of the drugs that were to come into the sport later, these were small beer. It should also be remembered that this was long before the advent of the World Anti-Doping Agency, or serious drug-testing. There simply was not the same stigma attached to doping back then. But Merckx's story indicates just how integral performance-enhancing drugs have been to the sport over the decades. Armstrong did not invent doping. THE COUNTDOWN - 17 DAYS TO GO American George Hincapie and Australia's Stuart O'Grady both started 17 Tours during the long careers, although Hincapie "lost" three of those because of his involvement in the US Postal/Lance Armstrong doping scandal. That leaves O'Grady, who retired last year, out in front on his own. An Olympic, World and Commonwealth champion on the track, he also won two stages at the Tour and finished second in the green jersey competition four times.

5 जुलाई को लीड्स में शुरू होने वाली दुनिया की सबसे बड़ी बाइक दौड़ के साथ, बीबीसी यॉर्कशायर के टूर डी फ्रांस संवाददाता मैट स्लेटर बाइक के अंदर और बाहर गपशप, राय और कहानियों का सबसे अच्छा दौर पेश करते हैं, और साइकिल चलाने की कुछ अनूठी भाषा को समझाने की भी कोशिश करते हैं।


Simpsons boss to curate UK fest

Summary: Matt Groening, the creator of The Simpsons and Futurama, is to curate a British music festival next year.

The Portland cartoonist will choose all of the artists playing the All Tomorrow's Parties festival held at Butlins Holiday Centre, Minehead between 7-9 May. Bands for the event are yet to be confirmed but tickets for the weekender go on sale on Friday 16 October. As previously reported, reunited Californian cult rockers Pavement will also curate a version of the festival the following weekend, 14-16 May. Groening has previously curated the US version of the holiday camp festival in California back in 2003.

द सिम्पसंस एंड फ्यूचरामा के निर्माता मैट ग्रोनिंग अगले साल एक ब्रिटिश संगीत समारोह आयोजित करने वाले हैं।


Green Man festival: Man arrested after thefts from tents

Summary: Festival-goers at the sold-out Green Man festival in Powys have had items from their camping tents stolen.

Police said 20 tents had been targeted in 24 hours at the site on the Glanusk Estate in Crickhowell. A man has been arrested and is in police custody, they added. American band Future Islands headlined the main Mountain Stage on Friday, while Grammy-nominated Ryan Adams is to headline on Saturday and PJ Harvey on Sunday. Police have previously warned motorists to expect extra traffic around Abergavenny and the Brecon Beacons this weekend.

पॉव्स में बिक चुके ग्रीन मैन उत्सव में उत्सव में जाने वालों के शिविर के तंबू से सामान चोरी हो गए हैं।


25 new jobs at Princes Gate, Narberth, water bottling plant

Summary: Staff numbers at a water bottling plant in Pembrokeshire are set to be doubled after a major investment.

Princes Gate, which produces and bottles organic spring water in Narberth, is investing £5.5m in the hope of expanding its operation. It aims to create 25 new jobs over the next three years - bringing the total number it employs to 50. The investment is supported by £250,000 business finance from the Welsh government. The company will also introduce a new bottling line, capable of producing 37,000 bottles an hour.

पेम्ब्रोकेशायर में एक पानी की बॉटलिंग संयंत्र में कर्मचारियों की संख्या एक बड़े निवेश के बाद दोगुनी होने वाली है।


Curiosity rover: 2,000 days on Mars

Summary: Nasa's Curiosity rover, also known as the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), is celebrating 2,000 martian days (sols) investigating Gale Crater on the Red Planet. In that time, the robot has made some remarkable observations. Here are just a few of them, chosen by the Curiosity science team .

Looking back: In the history of the space age, some of the most dramatic planetary images ever taken have been of Earth, but photographed looking back from deep space. This image by Mastcam on the Curiosity Rover shows our planet as a faint pinpoint of light in the martian night sky. Every day scientists from across the world drive the Curiosity rover and study the Red Planet about 100 million miles from Earth. The beginning: The first image that Curiosity took came back just 15 minutes after landing on 5 August 2012. Getting our imagery and other data relies on the timing of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) overpasses, a pattern which determines the structure of the martian working day, or sol. It shows a grainy Front Hazard Camera image - the team normally use these to help avoid obstacles - of our ultimate goal Mount Sharp. When this image came back we knew it was going to be a successful mission. River pebbles: Once we had started driving (16 sols after landing), we soon came across these pebble beds. The rounded shape of the clasts shows that they formed in an ancient, shallow river, flowing from the surrounding four-billion-year-old highlands into Gale Crater. The inset Mastcam image shows one of the pebbles in close-up. Contrary to our expectations before MSL, the crust being eroded by the rivers was not all dark, primitive basalt but a more evolved composition and mineralogy. Pebbles caught up in this ancient martian river are causing us to rethink our view of how the underlying igneous crust and mantle of Mars formed. Ancient lake: Before landing and in the early part of the mission, the team wasn't sure what all of the terrains identified from MRO HiRISE orbital imagery were. They might have been lava flows or lake sediments, without close-up "ground truth" it was impossible to be certain. This image settled the debate and was a seminal stage in Martian exploration. Yellowknife Bay is made of layers of fine grained sand and muds, which were deposited as rivers flowed into an ancient Gale Crater lake. We made our first of 16 drill holes on sol 182 - we do this to get rock in to the spectrometers housed in the body of our rover - here at the John Klein site. The results - including identifying clays, organics and nitrogen-bearing compounds - showed us that this had been a habitable environment for microbial life. The next discovery step - Was There Life? - remains to be determined. Deep water: The Pahrump Hills section Curiosity encountered around sol 753 was key for developing our understanding of Gale's past environment. Here the rover observed thinly layered mudstones, which represented mud particles settling out from suspension within the deeper lake. The Gale Lake has been a long-standing, deep body of water. An unconformity: At Mount Stimson, the rover identified from sol 980 a thick sandstone unit overlying the lake deposits, separated by a geological feature called an unconformity. This unconformity represents a time where erosive processes took over after millions of years when the lake had finally dried up - to form a new land surface. This shows evidence of events happening over "deep time", similar to those that the pioneering geologist James Hutton described in his field work in the late 18th Century at Siccar Point on the Scottish Coast. Desert sands: The Namib dunes encountered close up by Curiosity at sol 1192 is a small part of the great Bagnold dune field. Its the first active dunefield explored on the surface of another planet and Curiosity had to pick its way carefully along and through the field as moving sands are an obstacle for rovers. Although the Martian atmosphere is a fraction of the density of that of Earth's, it is still capable of transporting sediment and is capable of creating such beautiful structures akin to those we see in the deserts of Earth. Wind sculptures: The Murray Buttes, photographed by Mastcam on sol 1448, formed of the same sandstones observed at Mount Stimson and represent a lithified dune field created by dunes similar to those in the present day Bagnold dune field. These desert-formed sandstones sit above an unconformity, and this suggests that after a long period with a humid climate, the climate became drier and wind became the dominant agent shaping the environment at Gale Crater. Dried muds: Curiosity is able to perform detailed analyses of the Gale rocks with the ChemCam laser and telescope mounted on its mast. Here on sol 1555 at Schooner Head we came across a set of ancient mudcracks and sulphate veins. On Earth, lakes typically dry up in places around their margins and here on Mars the Gale lake was no different. You can see the red crosses where we fired the laser at the rock, creating a small plasma spark, with the wavelength of light in the spark telling us the composition of the mudstone and veins. Cloudy skies: This sequence of images was taken with Curiosity's Navigational Cameras (NavCam) on sol 1971 as we pointed them towards the sky. Occasionally on the cloudiest of Martian days we are able to make out faint clouds in the sky. These images are processed to highlight differences, allowing us to see the clouds move across the sky. This sequence shows previously unseen cloud features with prominent zig-zag patterns visible. The three images, from start to finish, cover approximately 12 minutes on Mars. Obligatory 'selfie': The Curiosity rover has gained a reputation over the years that rivals those of Instagram users for its many "selfies" taken along its traverse. These selfies are not all for show though as they help the team track the state of the rover throughout the course of the mission for changes such as wheel wear and dust accumulation. Curiosity's self-portraits are taken using the rover's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) situated on its robotic arm and are generated by merging a series of high-resolution images into a mosaic. This one taken on sol 1065 at the Buckskin locality shows the main mast of Curiosity with its ChemCam telescope used to determine rock compositions, and the Mastcam cameras. In the foreground you can see that Curiosity has just been drilling, leaving a small grey pile of tailings. Long drive: This panorama taken with the rover's Mastcam shows Curiosity's 18.4km drive over the last 5 years from the Bradbury landing site to its current location on the Vera Rubin Ridge (VRR). VRR was formerly known as Hematite Ridge due to the high concentrations of the iron oxide mineral hematite detected here from orbit. As hematite largely forms in the presence of water, this location was a high-priority target for the Curiosity rover science team to investigate in order to assess how the conditions in Gale Crater changed over its geological history. This key location is the perfect spot for Curiosity to spend its 2000th sol, and for all of us to look back on the many discoveries made so far in the mission. By John Bridges, Ashwin Vasavada, Susanne Schwenzer, Sanjeev Gupta, Steve Banham, Candice Bedford, Christina Smith, Brittney Cooper & the MSL Team

नासा का क्यूरियोसिटी रोवर, जिसे मार्स साइंस लेबोरेटरी (एम. एस. एल.) के नाम से भी जाना जाता है, लाल ग्रह पर गले क्रेटर की जांच करने के लिए 2,000 मंगल दिवस (सोल्स) मना रहा है। उस समय में, रोबोट ने कुछ उल्लेखनीय अवलोकन किए हैं। यहाँ उनमें से कुछ ही हैं, जिन्हें क्यूरियोसिटी विज्ञान दल द्वारा चुना गया है।


Covid: What do under-30s need to know about the vaccine?

Summary: The vaccine rollout is now reaching younger adults.

By Philippa RoxbyHealth reporter What do they need to know about getting jabbed? Who can get a vaccine now? What vaccine will I get and can I choose? The UK is using Covid vaccines made by: A single-dose jab made by Janssen has also been approved. You can't choose what vaccine you get, but you will be allocated one based partly on your age. If you're under 40 or pregnant you will get Pfizer or Moderna. But, if you've already had one AZ jab with no after-effects you should have a second dose. What are the side effects and the risk of blood clots? Most are mild, completely normal and disappear after a few days. They happen because the body's defences are reacting to the vaccine, and include: People aged under 55 are more likely to get side-effects from Pfizer and Moderna. With AstraZeneca, side effects are more common after the first dose than the second. Under-40s are being offered alternatives to AstraZeneca because of a possible link between the vaccine and extremely rare blood clots in a tiny number of people. It's not clear if the vaccine is the cause, but the clots appear to happen slightly more often in younger adults. For everyone else, the benefits of AZ and the other vaccines far outweigh risks. Remember 1,900 people in every million have died from Covid in the UK, and blood clots are a common symptom of the disease. Do I have to have the vaccine? No. But everyone is being urged to get two doses to protect themselves, their family, friends and wider society. The vaccines: Without a jab, you may not be able to travel abroad or do certain jobs. What about people with allergies? A very small number of people have experienced a severe allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, after the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. This can happen with some vaccines. You should discuss any allergies with your healthcare professional. What if I am pregnant? Covid-19 can make some women seriously unwell in late pregnancy and this can increase the risk of babies being born early. The advice is to have a Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, because there is more evidence those jabs are safe in pregnant women. If you prefer, you can delay vaccination until after your 12-week scan. If you're breastfeeding, you can still have a vaccine. Will jabs affects my fertility? There is no evidence at all the vaccines cause fertility problems in men or women. Claims to the contrary on social media are false. In fact, getting coronavirus itself has the potential to affect fertility. Does the vaccine affect periods? Some women say they've experienced unusually heavy periods after being jabbed but it's not known if the vaccine was the cause. If it was, experts say there's nothing to worry about. What if I've got long Covid? A recent study, not yet published, suggests vaccination can help improve long Covid symptoms. The vaccine could press the body's reset button and help it recover, researchers say. Can I drink alcohol after the vaccine? You don't need to avoid alcohol but it's best not to overdo it for a few days if you have vaccine side-effects. What if I hate needles? When you are jabbed, say you don't like needles. Then look away. Many people say the injection is painless and hardly notice anything. Will teenagers get the jab? Pfizer is currently only approved for UK use in over-16s, with AstraZeneca and Moderna approved for over-18s. Older teens, rather than younger ones, are more likely to be infected and pass on the virus, although they're unlikely to fall ill. Some areas with Covid spikes have been vaccinating anyone aged over 18, including in parts of Glasgow, Greater Manchester and Hounslow in London. Will all children get the jab? Because children are extremely unlikely to become ill, the argument for vaccinating them would be to keep cases low and protect adults and the vulnerable. But some say this is unethical with so many at-risk adults still unvaccinated around the world. Most vaccine developers are testing jabs on children. Related Internet Links Vaccine priority groups - UK government advice

टीका अब युवा वयस्कों तक पहुँच रहा है।


Sergei Skripal and the Russian disinformation game

Summary: When the UK authorities announced on Wednesday that they suspected two alleged Russian agents in the poisoning of former Russian spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia in Salisbury, they released CCTV images of the suspects arriving at Gatwick airport.

By Joel Gunter & Olga RobinsonBBC News Two of the images, framed side by side, began to spread on social media, driven by pro-Russia conspiracy theorists and suspected troll accounts. They showed the alleged agents - Alexander Petrov and Ruslan Boshirov - passing through a non-return gate at the airport. The images had identical timestamps. How could two men be in exactly the same place at the same time, a flood of tweets asked. Speaking on state TV, Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova claimed that either "the date and the exact time were superimposed on the image" or that Russian intelligence officers had "mastered the skill of walking simultaneously". Her remarks were echoed by pro-Kremlin accounts on Twitter and on the messaging app Telegram, which is popular in Russia. Users suggested the CCTV images had been manipulated. They mocked the British authorities and alleged it was an MI6 operation. Soon it would not necessarily matter that the background of the CCTV images were not identical; that the camera was at a different angle; that Google Maps shows that the non-return gates at Gatwick are a series of near-identical corridors that the two men could easily have passed down, adjacent to one another, at the same time. What would matter would be that some people following the story would begin to question what was real and what wasn't. Some might even begin to question the very idea that there was a real, reliable version of events at all. Russia denies any involvement in the Skripal case, and its embassy in London did not respond to a request for comment from the BBC, but analysts say the Russian state is now the chief exponent of a new kind of information warfare. A loosely-defined network of Russian state actors, state-controlled media, and armies of social media bots and trolls is said to work in unison to spread and amplify multiple narratives and conspiracies around cases like the Skripal poisoning. The goal is no longer to deny or disprove an official version of events, it is to flood the zone with so many competing versions that nothing seems to make sense. "What is really striking is that you no longer see the Russian machine pushing a single message, it pushes dozens of messages," said Ben Nimmo, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council who studies Russian disinformation. "The idea is to confuse people." Other theories circulating on Wednesday included a claim that the suspects were British actors, stars of a (non-existent) KGB spy series broadcast on British television in the 2000s. Another suggested the attempted assassination in Salisbury, and the deaths of other Russian nationals in Britain, were part of an MI6 plot. "Why do all these horrible events only happen in Britain?" asked Andrei Klimov, a Russian member of parliament, on state TV. "The more different theories you put out, the more different Google results you're going to get," said Mr Nimmo. "So instead of seeing two or three different versions of the story you're seeing 20 or 30. And for someone who is not following the story regularly that becomes more and more confusing until they give up. And at that point, the Russian disinformation has had its effect." Early evidence of the tactic can be traced back to the 2000s but it first drew serious international attention in 2014, when Malaysian Airlines flight MH-17 was shot down over Ukraine, killing 298 people. The available evidence pointed to a Russian-supplied surface-to-air missile fired from rebel-held territory in east Ukraine. Russia had already been accused of deploying crude disinformation techniques around its actions in east Ukraine and its annexation of Crimea, but its response to being linked to the downing of MH-17 appeared to be much more co-ordinated - the "tipping point where Russian information warfare kicked into high gear", Mr Nimmo said. In the days and months after the aircraft was shot down, Russian state media and pro-Kremlin social media accounts pushed out a raft of different and wildly contradictory theories: that a Ukrainian Su-25 combat aircraft had been picked up by radar near MH-17; that video evidence showed a missile being fired from government, not separatist, territory; that Ukrainian fighters had mistaken MH-17 for Vladimir Putin's plane in an assassination attempt; that the CIA was behind it. "MH-17 is really the classic example," said Samantha Bradshaw, a researcher on computational propaganda at the University of Oxford. "You saw a whole series of different conspiracies and competing narratives emerge, attached to various hashtags and social media campaigns. The goal was to confuse people, to polarise them, to push them further and further away from reality." The tactic expanded and evolved in the years after the MH-17 attack, with Russia linked to disinformation campaigns around its actions in Syria, the 2016 US election, the murder of Boris Nemtsov, and a UK inquiry into the murder of former Russian intelligence officer Alexander Litvinenko in London. A key component in more recent alleged Russian disinformation campaigns has been the use of humour and ridicule. When a UK inquiry found in 2016 that Russian president Vladimir Putin "probably approved" the murder of Litvinenko, a hashtag - #putinprobablyapproved - spread through Twitter, with tweets suggesting Mr Putin had "probably approved" the assassination of JFK, the invasion of Iraq, climate change and more. In the hours after the UK named the suspects in the Skripal case, a flood of near-identical tweets used pictures of comedians, historical figures and Hollywood spies - from Joseph Stalin to Jason Bourne - in place of the suspects, in an attempt to ridicule the UK's announcement. The official account of the Russian embassy in London even joined in, posting an image of the two Skripal suspects allegedly carrying the Novichok toxin alongside a picture of British police in biohazard suits, asking users to "spot the difference". On Russian state news bulletins, anchors reported the news with a mixture of disbelief and sarcasm. "The strategy is optimised for the internet, it's meant to go viral," said Mr Nimmo. "That's why mockery and sarcasm and attempts at funny memes are so much a part of this ... It is disinformation for the information age." In 2015, the European Union was sufficiently alarmed by Russian disinformation that it created a task force - the East Stratcom team - directed solely at counteracting the perceived threat. The small team attempts to debunk fake stories in real time, but it is reportedly vastly outmatched by the amount of material coming its way. Peter Wilson, the UK ambassador to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, said earlier this year the OPCW had counted more than 30 different Russian theories swirling around the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal. The effectiveness and reach of this type of disinformation operation in the West is debatable. A YouGov poll conducted earlier this year found that 75% of Britons believed that the Russian state was behind the Skripal poisoning, while just 5% said they thought Russia was innocent. But the sheer volume of Russian disinformation being exported abroad remained a major cause for concern, said one EU official who works on the issue but was not authorised to speak about it publicly. "Some people like to think this tactic was used around Brexit and it went away, or it was used around Skripal and went away, but it's happening 24/7," he said. "Others also use disinformation, of course ... But this aggression, this exporting of information narratives abroad, this is really something where Russia is number one in the world."

जब ब्रिटेन के अधिकारियों ने बुधवार को घोषणा की कि उन्हें सैलिसबरी में पूर्व रूसी जासूस सर्गेई स्क्रिपल और उनकी बेटी यूलिया को जहर देने में दो कथित रूसी एजेंटों पर संदेह है, तो उन्होंने गैटविक हवाई अड्डे पर पहुंचने वाले संदिग्धों की सीसीटीवी छवियां जारी कीं।


How Punjab's missing thousands are being forgotten

Summary: Thirty years on from the Indian army's raid on the Golden Temple in June 1984, the relatives of those who were "disappeared" in the years after the attack feel their cause has been abandoned, reports the BBC's Jastinder Khera from Amritsar.

Satwant Singh Manak says he saw 15 people killed by his colleagues when he was serving in the Punjab police - but it was the last that cemented his sense of betrayal, and led him to turn his back on the force. Kulwant Singh Kanta was a teenager who was detained by the police in April 1992 after a neighbour accused him of having joined a militant group. "They tortured him for three days. Then they took him to a canal and killed him along with another detainee," Mr Manak recalls. "They threw his body in the canal." Mr Manak was in the police in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Rights groups estimate that during this time, alongside the serious abuses committed by Sikh militant groups, thousands of Sikhs were "disappeared" by the security forces. Mr Manak says the killings he witnessed were "fake encounters" - occasions in which the police would kill detainees and claim afterwards there had been a gun battle. Costly fight Mr Manak says he stayed in the police in the hope that the force's conduct might improve. But after Kulwant Singh's killing, he left and later launched legal action against the officers he alleges were responsible for the deaths. The families of 10 of the dead have joined his petition. Mr Manak says that after leaving the police, he himself was detained and tortured and that his father also died from the effects of police interrogation. In 2008 a judge at the Punjab High Court allowed his petition and ordered an investigation into the killings. However, in November different judges at the High Court upheld an appeal made by the police officers he had accused. They said Mr Manak was motivated by a "personal grievance" against his superiors and ordered him to pay costs of 2,000 rupees (£20; $34) to each of the officers. His lawyers point out that similar arguments were made against the police whistleblower who testified after the 1995 murder of prominent human rights lawyer Jaswant Singh Khalra. Five police officers were eventually convicted of that murder. Mr Manak is now taking his case to India's Supreme Court. It has been a costly fight in many ways - he sold his house to pay the legal fees - and one that he says that Sikh communities abroad have helped him with more than Sikh institutions inside India. The organisation helping Mr Manak in bringing his case is Ensaaf (Punjabi for "justice"), a human rights group based in California. Some argue that diaspora Sikh groups are nurturing resentment over abuses that many Sikhs in Punjab itself have now forgotten. "Those in India who talk about forgetting the abuses and moving on are normally those who were not directly affected," says co-director and co-founder of Ensaaf, Jaskaran Kaur. "Also we should remember that many of the officers accused in these cases are still in post, and some witnesses have complained of harassment. We in the diaspora don't have that fear to deal with," she adds. Ms Kaur believes that bringing human rights violators to account "is about strengthening the country. It's good for India to uphold its own laws and human rights provisions in these cases". Village of the missing One place where people have not forgotten those years is Sangna, on the outskirts of Amritsar. At first sight, it is a typical quiet Punjabi village. Birdsong rises above the sound of lowing cattle and children playing in the yards. But there are absences in the houses here. Softly spoken Khajan Singh recalls the day in March 1989 when he heard his eldest brother Sukhdev had gone missing. "He was on a bus on his way to Amritsar. The police had a checkpoint on the road and took him off." Sukhdev had a full beard and a round saffron turban, both worn by more religious Sikh men, and Khajan believes this was the only reason he was picked out. He denies that his brother was involved in any militant activity. Sukhdev was the family's breadwinner and, as with many families of disappeared people, the consequences of his disappearance were felt for years afterwards. Khajan and his other brother stopped school and began working and the family sold some of their land to raise money. Now only Khajan and his ailing mother are left in the family home. Latent sentiment So why have the events of that time slid down the political agenda in Punjab? Jagtar Singh, a veteran former journalist who has written a book about the insurgency, says that many in Punjab have moved on and simply do not want to remember a very traumatic period in the state's history. For most of the time since the end of the insurgency, the Sikh Akali Dal political party has been in power in Punjab. It has previously pledged a judicial inquiry looking into various aspects of the period, but quietly shelved this promise once in office. Jagtar Singh says there is a "latent sentiment" of grievance among some Sikhs which occasionally comes to the fore, most recently in 2012, when widespread protests were sparked by the prospect of the execution of prisoner Balwant Singh Rajoana. That there is a more general sense of discontent in Punjab with the Akali-led state government is evident from the recent general election results. Whereas most of the rest of India saw a thumping victory for the BJP - to which the Akali Dal is allied - in Punjab the alliance's share of the vote actually went down. The new anti-establishment Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) won four seats in Punjab, its only victories in the whole of India. One of AAP's candidates was a prominent Sikh human rights lawyer, but the central plank of its campaign was not historic abuses but instead more current grievances with the Akali-led state government: corruption allegations, lack of healthcare provision and employment opportunities, as well as the state's fast-growing drug addiction problem. Back in Sangna, the twists of Punjabi politics feel very far removed from Kashmir Kaur's house as she watches her grandchildren play at her feet. Her husband Surjit Singh went missing in 1992 when two policemen took him away just after dawn, saying they needed him to give them directions. She never saw him again, but his name appeared in a list of people whose bodies had been illegally cremated which came to light in 2006. "We need justice. When they were little, my children used to ask me where their father had gone. Now these little ones ask me where their grandfather is." As the legacy of the disappeared recedes from the spotlight, there may still be another generation which will have to contend with it.

अमृतसर से बीबीसी के जतिंदर खेरा की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, जून 1984 में स्वर्ण मंदिर पर भारतीय सेना के छापे के तीस साल बाद, हमले के बाद के वर्षों में "लापता" हुए लोगों के रिश्तेदारों को लगता है कि उनका कारण छोड़ दिया गया है।


The parents raising their kids on the road

Summary: What is it like to raise your kids on the road? Two families describe how they changed their children's lives by showing them the world, while a mum-to-be explains why she plans to do just that with her six-month-old baby.

By Lauren PottsBBC News 'Our dream is a reality' Natasha Biran and her husband Yair quit their demanding jobs in 2014 to travel around Israel with their six-month-old son. "When Maoz was born it clicked - we thought it doesn't need to be like this, we didn't have to do a 9-5," said Natasha, who was director of an internship programme. "I was starting to think about going back to work and we were looking at nurseries and were both just really sad about it - I didn't want to be away from Maoz and to put him in a framework. "It made us think, if we didn't want that, what did we want? Do we want to be working and only seeing each other in the evening? I knew that's how it would look; we wanted to live differently. We wanted to feel inspired." Natasha and Yair, who was a Ministry of Justice lawyer, put most of their belongings in storage and began travelling around the country relying solely on their earnings on the road. "People told us we were crazy - it was like, 'what are you doing? You're insane; can't you just [live] normally?'" said Natasha, originally from Whitefield, Greater Manchester. "But Maoz was the most chilled baby and was nursing and just happy. Every baby is different and we're all different mums, and I don't think how I live is right for everyone, but it felt right for us." For a while they stayed in a yurt before eventually settling in an alternative community, where they stayed for three years and had their daughter, Geshem. Not long after, the couple had a vision to work remotely and travel the world. Then Natasha's dad died. "We were in the airport and Yair has this moment of clarity and said, 'maybe this is the start of our travelling journey'. We got to England and it was hanging there and we thought we'd just see if the universe was telling us to continue." That sign came from a cousin in Bournemouth, who invited them to stay. Then they visited Manchester, Wales and London, before going to Germany and Switzerland then back to Israel. Since then, they have spent time in Thailand, Sri Lanka, north India and the Maldives. "Some travelling families move around a lot, some less - we're the nesting type," said Natasha, who documents the family's travels on her Instagram page, Trusting the Way. "In each place we create routine - we wake up at roughly the same time and eat at the same time, we go to the same cafes or restaurants to create an anchor. There is a feeling of structure, it's just not a rigid one." Both parents work online doing translating, editing and writing in English and Hebrew - Yair works more regular hours, while Natasha mostly does project work in the evenings. "You have to be flexible and creative, any place can become a temporary office," she said. "Most places have wi-fi access and you can always use 4G or a hotspot. [Finding a connection] hasn't been an issue for us, even in India with the constant power cuts. "We even went for three weeks to a little village in the Himalayan mountains that took hours and hours to drive to then a 30-minute hike - we used a hotspot there." The couple also both home-school Maoz, five, and Geshem, two. "I'm responsible enough as a parent to ensure [they're] learning, but we think about school in a different way," said Natasha. "Maoz is taking knowledge in all the time, he's learning things kids his age don't usually learn. "During Diwali he was asking what it means, what the different ceremonies are for - it opened up chats about Hinduism and different religions and beliefs. I went to private school and have a university degree and Maoz already knows things I don't. "He is learning to read in English and Hebrew and he wants to and it's at his own pace. On the beach, he draws letters and numbers in the sand; the twig is his pencil and the sand is his paper. It's another way to learn." Currently the family is travelling around south India. "Sometimes I can't believe this is my life - I feel like we're living a dream and it's a reality," said Natasha. "Nothing is about luck - we went with the flow of life [but] we took action. If you look outside the box, you see how wide the world is. That's what changed - our perspective." 'An admiral taught them angles' Caspar Craven had sailed around the world already - his wife Nichola had been on a boat twice and was sick both times. It didn't stop them taking their three children on a two-year sailing trip in 2014 which took in 84 harbours, 26 countries and 35,000 miles from Southampton to Grenada. "We gave ourselves five years to come up with the money and make it happen. The reaction was predictable, people thought it was crazy and told us all the reasons why we shouldn't do it. And they were good reasons - we had never home-schooled, we didn't have the money, what about emergencies?" said Caspar, 47. "So we wrote down every reason and went through each one in huge detail. Then we had five years of training - we had to get used to being on a boat as a family, being safe onboard, wearing a life jacket. We did training courses and both trained to be ship doctors. We were extremely rigorous." At sea, Caspar and Nichola, 48, shared the helm, working three hours each at a time, while Bluebell, nine, Columbus, seven, and Willow, two, had set bedtimes, mealtimes and lessons. One of the most valuable lessons the trip taught their children was resilience, Caspar said. "We had a power failure in the middle of the Pacific. We had paper charts and some GPS, so we hand-steered the boat by the sun and the moon and the stars and sailed our way out of it. It took us four days. "In that first instance when everything goes wrong, your emotions go off the charts, but you figure it out. We had two months of food and water and would've ended up somewhere eventually. For the kids, seeing a situation [like that] and having to deal with it, they now have a blueprint for resilience." Traditional schooling on the trip was tricky, said Caspar, so they changed tack. "I remember teaching Columbus about Tudors and Stuarts and he has this bored look on his face. So we just found things they were most curious about. Columbus was fascinated by the natural world, so we gave him lots of books about fish and dissected fish that we caught, and wrote about them for literacy and weighed them for numeracy." That said, the family wanted to come home in time for Bluebell to start secondary school. She had to work hard to catch up in some maths areas, but was much further ahead in things like prime numbers and angles, thanks to a chance meeting with a former US Navy admiral, said Caspar. "He used to run the Pacific fleet and taught the kids to use sextants. When you've got someone who's one of the best in the world at what they do, they explain things so easily that it just goes in and the kids absorbed it." The family now has a "normal life" in Weybridge, Surrey, although Caspar still travels for work as an inspirational speaker. Nichola has returned to being a lawyer, while the kids are "thriving" at school. "They don't think [what they've done is] unusual, they don't really talk about it - it's just one of those things [they did]." 'I want to show its possible' Pip Stewart travelled a lot with her Forces family as a child and hopes to do the same with her baby. "When you've had that peripatetic upbringing, travelling is a normal thing to do. I've been a little afraid having children would change that, but my perspective has massively shifted with people showing us it's possible," said the 35-year-old, who is due in February. "People with kids are probably thinking 'you have no idea', but I'm really excited about being a mum and travelling with a baby." You might also be interested in: 'I was stalked by a polar bear' Adventures on maternity leave and beyond 'An e-bike changed my life' Pip and her partner, wellbeing consultant Charlie Hoare, plan to test the waters of travelling with a baby with a month-long European road trip in a camper van. "Everyone has said around six months old is a good time - they're portable and can't really get away; they're still breastfeeding, so you don't have to worry about sterilising bottles; by that point you're used to the lack of sleep and the upheaval of having everything change," said the adventure travel journalist. "[Friends who've done similar] said as long as there's structure and routine, it's fine. It's like planning for any expedition - if you're kayaking there's a risk assessment and I get the impression that being a mum who wants to travel, you've got to be the same." If all goes well, the couple also plan to go to South America later in the year, as well as making shorter trips from their base in East Wittering, West Sussex. "I say this while pregnant but it might be very different in reality. You can have the best-laid plans, like with any expedition, but if it's not going to plan, it's about stepping back and asking if it's to the detriment of our child and if it is, knocking it on the head. But it's better to try these things - that's my philosophy." Pip hopes her new son or daughter will share her love of travel and benefit from the experience. "Travel introduces children to that desire to talk to people and be inquisitive and that's what I want to instil in my child," she said. "While travelling [I've noticed] it's the children that come over to you and ask you what you're up to; it's the babies that get passed around that are the bubbly ones. I'm hoping I'll be happy to let my baby be cuddled and interact with people." Though she is winding down on long-haul travel in her final trimester, Pip is still active and recently hiked part of the Wild Atlantic Way in Ireland. "A lot of people have asked what I'm going to do career-wise and there has been a bit of negativity about [me] being a mum in the adventure space, being told 'you're not going to be able to [travel with a baby]. It just made me cross - it made me want to show it's possible; that it's more complicated but these things can be worked around."

सड़क पर अपने बच्चों की परवरिश करना कैसा लगता है? दो परिवार बताते हैं कि कैसे उन्होंने अपने बच्चों को दुनिया दिखाकर उनके जीवन को बदल दिया, जबकि एक होने वाली माँ बताती है कि वह अपने छह महीने के बच्चे के साथ ऐसा करने की योजना क्यों बना रही है।