Kris Kobach: From Trumpian apprentice to Kansas governor?

Summary: Kris Kobach, a hardline conservative, has won the Republican primary for Kansas governor. He won by only a razor-thin margin - 345 votes out of more than 300,000 - after his rival, existing Governor Jeff Colyer, conceded defeat.

By Tara McKelveyBBC White House reporter Trump loyalist Mr Kobach is known for his outspoken views on immigration and voter fraud. As a US Department of Justice official in 2001, he created a programme that required people from "higher risk" countries to be fingerprinted and interrogated when they came into the US. Some men who lived in the US - and were from countries that were seen as a threat - were required to register at government offices. The initiative, which was known as the National Security Entry-Exit Registration System, was criticised by civil rights advocates and eventually dismantled. More recently he's claimed without evidence that millions of people voted illegally in the US in 2016, costing President Donald Trump the popular vote. Mr Kobach's positions on immigration and voter fraud may be unsettling for liberals. But his views are popular among individuals in power. The US president endorsed Mr Kobach's candidacy shortly before the election and may have determined its outcome. Mr Kobach, a graduate of Harvard, Yale and Oxford, serves as secretary of state in Kansas and has a history with the president. After his election, Mr Trump considered hiring Mr Kobach for the US Department of Homeland Security. On a chilly day in November 2016, I watched him walk across the driveway at Trump's golf club in Bedminster, New Jersey, to present his ideas for a new set of immigration laws. On that day, a journalist took a photo of the documents that Mr Kobach was carrying. The papers showed his plan to block refugees from Syria, among other proposals, and civil rights advocates denounced him. Mr Kobach didn't get the job. According to some media outlets, top Trump aides said he was too radical. Later, though, Mr Trump named him as vice-chairman of a voter fraud commission. They never did find proof of widespread election rigging, and the commission was disbanded. While serving on the commission, though, Mr Kobach spent time at the White House. One afternoon, I ran into him in front of the West Wing. I was surprised to see him holding a stack of documents in full view of me and other reporters. The lesson from Bedminster, New Jersey, and the public outcry he'd faced over his proposals had apparently not stuck with him. He still refused to carry his papers in a discreet manner. In truth, he's never hidden his views about immigration and voter fraud. Some people have been appalled by his policies, but others have embraced them. Yet his candour about his hardline views on immigration and voter fraud has now paid off, winning him the primary. Some say he's considering a presidential run in the future. In the meantime, he's trying - with the support of the Republican Party - to become the next governor of Kansas.

क्रिस कोबाच, एक कट्टर रूढ़िवादी, ने कंसास गवर्नर के लिए रिपब्लिकन प्राइमरी जीता है। अपने प्रतिद्वंद्वी, मौजूदा गवर्नर जेफ कोलियर द्वारा हार स्वीकार करने के बाद, उन्होंने 300,000 से अधिक मतों में से केवल 345 मतों के मामूली अंतर से जीत हासिल की।


Hacking trial: The verdicts

Summary: Former News of the World editor Andy Coulson has been jailed for 18 months for conspiring to hack phones.

Ex-News International chief executive Rebekah Brooks was cleared of all charges against her as the long-running phone-hacking trial at the Old Bailey came to and end last month. Andy Coulson and journalist Clive Goodman are to face a retrial on a charge of buying royal telephone directories from police officers after the Old Bailey jury failed to reach a verdict on the charges The verdicts and sentences for other defendants in the phone-hacking trial are summarised below.

न्यूज ऑफ द वर्ल्ड के पूर्व संपादक एंडी कॉल्सन को फोन हैक करने की साजिश रचने के आरोप में 18 महीने की जेल हुई है।


Australia to cash in on China milk boom

Summary: A free trade deal with China that slashes tariffs on dairy exports could turn Australia into a land of milk - if not honey - and set it up to take advantage of China's addiction to Western powdered milk.

By Louise EvansBBC News, Sydney Ever since a milk poisoning scandal in China in 2008 killed six children and left 300,000 seriously ill, the communist giant has had a mania for the Western product. Demand has been so strong it has caused shortages in other countries and encouraged an illegal trade across the Chinese border. Infant formula has long been the preferred food for infants in China but more recently Chinese mainlanders holidaying in Western countries have been taking home tins of milk powder as presents for friends and family. 'Milk war' New Zealand's dairy industry has been a major beneficiary of this love affair with powdered milk. But a major free trade agreement (FTA) signed between Australia and China in November means the Australian dairy industry will likely be the next big winner. Under the deal, tariff cuts have rendered Australia's dairy market so attractive that even the country's richest person, mining magnate Gina Rinehart, is investing in the industry. The agreement, almost a decade in the making, put Australian farmers in general on a par with their New Zealand counterparts, according to Australian Trade Minister Andrew Robb, and put the country's dairy farmers ahead of their Kiwi cousins. Chinese tariffs on Australian dairy products that currently range from 10% to 15% will be cut over a period of four to 11 years, and a 15% tariff on infant milk formula will be phased out within four years. The cuts represent a significant windfall for an industry that has suffered from low exports over the past decade and been hurt by a domestic "milk war" between major supermarket chains. The benefits flowing from the FTA are substantial, says group manager of trade and industry strategy at Dairy Australia, Charlie McElhone, especially in the dairy industry. "There is a white gold rush and unprecedented demand and interest," says Mr McElhone. "The FTA is a good outcome. There are tariff savings and growth and investment opportunities, more exports and more profit," he says. Demand explosion Along with the milk poisoning scandal, a baby boom stemming from relaxation of China's one-child policy, the spending power of China's growing middle class and a shift towards a more protein-heavy diet have all fuelled China's demand for milk powder and other dairy products. Infant formula sales there have increased more than tenfold over the past decade and are expected to double again in the next three years, according to London-based market research firm Euromonitor. A 900g tin of infant formula sells for between A$20 ($16, £10.5) and A$25 in Australian supermarkets. Trade and transport costs mean the same tin can cost up to A$100 when it reaches a breakfast bench in China. The value of New Zealand dairy exports to China since a free trade deal was signed between those two countries in 2008 shows just how valuable such deals are. It has increased tenfold and is now worth more than A$5bn. By comparison, Australian dairy exports to China were worth A$450m in 2013. New Zealand's Fonterra Cooperative Group, the world's biggest dairy exporter, estimates the Chinese market for infant formula will rise to A$31bn in 2017 from about A$17bn now. Mr McElhone says Australia's FTA has prompted a lot of interest from domestic and foreign investors in the Australian diary industry. For starters, Ms Rinehart has partnered with China National Machinery Industry Corp to invest A$500m in Hope Dairies in Queensland to supply 30,000 tonnes of baby formula to China starting in 2016. Meanwhile Linear Capital, a Tasmania-based private investment firm with links to Chinese state-owned consortiums, plans to buy 50 dairy farms in western Victoria to create Australia's largest dairy farming company. Together the 50 farms will run 90,000 cows and produce 500m litres of milk. Linear plans to supply two new consortium-owned processing plants (to be built nearby) to process and export A$700m worth of infant formula to China and global markets. Quality concerns But it's not all milk and honey. Victorian farmers fear Australia's reputation as a supplier of premium milk and milk products could be threatened by such Chinese investment, especially if these new operations don't meet Australia's high production standards. Chris Gleeson, president of the advocacy group Farmer Power, says Australia has "the number one standard in the world and we don't want that to slip away". "We want to make sure we don't lose our pride in the quality product we produce," Mr Gleeson says. Dairy Australia welcomes foreign capital and recognises the need for investment, says Mr McElhone, but he says every venture must uphold Australia's reputation and standards for pristine food safety.

चीन के साथ एक मुक्त व्यापार सौदा जो डेयरी निर्यात पर शुल्क को कम करता है, ऑस्ट्रेलिया को दूध की भूमि में बदल सकता है-यदि शहद नहीं-और इसे पश्चिमी पाउडर दूध के लिए चीन की लत का लाभ उठाने के लिए स्थापित कर सकता है।


Lost WWII resistance heroes' graves found after 70 years

Summary: Just a few months after their daughters were born they were snatched away by Hitler's forces in the German-occupied Channel Islands and never returned home. Now after more than 70 years a BBC investigation has helped solve the mystery surrounding the final resting places of two resistance heroes who died at the hands of the Nazis.

By Patrick ClahaneBBC News Cambridge University academic Dr Gilly Carr spent a decade searching archives around the world and has uncovered new information about the fate of Joe Gillingham and Joe Tierney. The men lived on different Channel Islands and were both deported for distributing BBC news reports - a banned practice. German armed forces occupied the Channel Islands from June 1940 until May 1945. Pat Fisher's father, Joe Tierney, was arrested five months before she was born and was deported to a prison in Dijon in September 1943. She said: "He was very, very strong, he must have been so brave. It's very difficult and I just would've loved to have met him." Jean Harris's father, Joe Gillingham, was one of five members of the Guernsey Underground News Service (GUNS) who were deported and imprisoned for wireless offences and secretly spreading news. "There was a lot of anxiety for my mum, to spend years trying to find out what happened to him, waiting for him to come back after the war had finished." Both men were crammed into cattle trucks and sent to prisons in the heart of Nazi Germany but their fates remained a mystery. As part of BBC investigation Dr Carr took Pat and Jean to Europe to retrace their fathers' steps in the hope of finding clues. "It definitely drives me when I read these testimonies of what people went through, it makes me want to get justice for them and find out more for the families," Dr Carr said. In July 1944 both men ended up in the same prison in Naumburg (Saale), Germany, where dysentery and dropsy were rife and deaths were occurring at a rate of 18 men a week. Frank Falla, a fellow incarcerated Channel Islander, who made it home alive, said inmates were "not allowed to smoke, talk, sing, hum or smile". After visiting the site Mrs Harris said: "It's like walking in my father's footsteps, I now know what it must've been like for the men, it must have been awful." In February 1945 her father left the prison but his next destination and fate were unknown. Dr Carr's research discovered that just 40 miles (60km) away in Halle archives there are paper records of German prisoners which reveal Joe Gillingham died on 11 March 1945 from heart failure in the city's prison. Unbeknown to his family he was cremated and his ashes were buried in a local graveyard in a section reserved for prisoners of the Nazis. Mrs Harris said: "At last I have found the closure I have been looking for. I'm at peace now I know how the story ended and where he is." Pat Fisher's father met a different fate. Not long after he left Naumburg prison in March 1945 he made a desperate escape attempt. At that time German forces had almost been destroyed by the Allies and the Nazis were trying to cover up their atrocities. Joe Tierney was being taken to a concentration camp in the Sudetenland, today part of the Czech Republic, when he managed to get away. Dr Carr said: "The men around him were either being killed or dying of their diseases and hunger and he probably thought, 'what have I got to stay for?'" His escape wasn't to last, he was captured a couple of days later and died less than a week before the end of the war. His death was described by fellow prisoner Albert Koch in a letter to Mr Tierney's widow after the war. "He and I were placed in cattle trucks, and it was not till some days later that your dear husband died in my arms in Kaschitz at 11:30pm on 4th May 1945." Associate Professor of the University of West Bohemia Pavel Vařeka and his team are currently excavating the mass graves in the area to gain a better understanding of what went on. He said: "We know that two-thirds of prisoners died of disease or starvation and the rest showed evidence of violent deaths - shootings." Just a few months after the war German civilians living in the area were forced to rebury Mr Tierney and the other 233 prisoners in consecrated ground. Pat said it was hugely important to her to finally learn of her father's final resting place She said: "It's been such a journey, there's been so many highs and so many lows, cries and emotions, but it's ended up the best thing ever - you don't know how I feel." Finding Our Fathers - Lost Heroes of World War Two is on BBC One South West on Friday 6 May at 19:30 BST and on the iPlayer for 30 days thereafter. Find out more about World War Two from BBC iWonder:

उनकी बेटियों के जन्म के कुछ ही महीनों बाद उन्हें जर्मनी के कब्जे वाले चैनल द्वीप समूह में हिटलर की सेना ने छीन लिया और वे कभी घर नहीं लौटे। अब 70 से अधिक वर्षों के बाद बीबीसी की जांच ने नाजियों के हाथों मारे गए दो प्रतिरोध नायकों के अंतिम विश्राम स्थलों के रहस्य को हल करने में मदद की है।


YFN Lucci: US rapper wanted in Atlanta for suspected murder

Summary: US rapper YFN Lucci is wanted by police in Atlanta, Georgia, for his alleged involvement in the murder of a local man last month.

Two suspects have been arrested over the killing of the 28-year-old victim. Authorities have appealed for help in locating YFN Lucci, 29 - whose birth name is Rayshawn Bennett. He is wanted on suspicion of murder, aggravated assault and participation in criminal street gang activity, police told US media. They say another man was wounded in the incident. Last month YFN Lucci released new material under the title Wish Me Well 3. In 2018 rapper Cardi B was forced to defend her then-fiancé Offset against allegations of homophobia after he used a lyric by YFN Lucci that included the word "queer."

अमेरिकी रैपर वाई. एफ. एन. लुच्ची अटलांटा, जॉर्जिया में पुलिस द्वारा पिछले महीने एक स्थानीय व्यक्ति की हत्या में कथित संलिप्तता के लिए वांछित है।


Third man arrested in Scunthorpe murder inquiry

Summary: A 47-year-old man has been arrested as part of a murder inquiry in Scunthorpe.

Raymond Ward's body was found in a disused building in Cliff Gardens in the North Lincolnshire town on Tuesday. Humberside Police believe the 51-year-old, of no fixed address, was the victim of a "targeted attack" and urged witnesses to contact them. Police said they had been given more time to question two men, aged 37 and 24, who were arrested earlier in connection with Mr Ward's death. More stories from North Lincolnshire

स्कनथोर्पे में हत्या की जांच के तहत एक 47 वर्षीय व्यक्ति को गिरफ्तार किया गया है।


Record figures in Isle of Man Christmas bird watch

Summary: Bird-watchers on the Isle of Man have spotted a record number of bird species during a week-long competition.

The Manx BirdLife charity said 113 different species were seen between Christmas and New Year compared with 111 last year. Sightings reported across the island included stonechats, robins and cormorants and a kingfisher. A spokesman said the Christmas Bird Race will help to build a detailed picture of Manx bird life in December. The bird conservation charity invented the competition to encourage people to celebrate the island's rich bird life.

आइल ऑफ मैन पर पक्षी-पर्यवेक्षकों ने एक सप्ताह तक चलने वाली प्रतियोगिता के दौरान रिकॉर्ड संख्या में पक्षी प्रजातियों को देखा है।


Polio workers speak out on Pakistan attacks

Summary: BBC Urdu's Nosheen Abbas in Islamabad speaks to two health workers who have been working on the latest drive to eradicate the polio in Pakistan - one of just three in the world where the disease remains endemic.

Attacks on teams distributing polio drops during a UN-backed three-day anti-polio campaign this week left nine workers dead and have been blamed on the Taliban. Tasneem Kausa, Islamabad I've been working as a lady health worker (LHW) since 1996. I now live with my three sons and two daughters-in-law. We weren't scared earlier, but since these incidents happened, my family is very scared. My family feels good when they see security guards with us, but our senior officials aren't necessarily good with us. This morning we were waiting and not leaving until the security personnel arrives, but our boss told us to leave, he told us our lives are in God's hands, and it's not like we're scared. We are strong just like men when we are out working, but it was officially announced that we couldn't leave without the security personnel. Later, after we had left, the security personnel were sent to us and they stayed very near us, going to every house with us. People asked us: "Why are people killing you? You people come here to save our children's lives, you never speak rudely, and you wait hours to give polio drops to our children." So, people are quite surprised that LHWs are being killed. We just need constant support and we will work to the best of our abilities. When you earn 200 to 300 rupees a day ($2 to $3), it doesn't make any difference to people if you are killed… The only ones affected are our families. Munawar Malik, Islamabad I've been working as a lady health worker since 2004, and I started this job because my husband didn't have a job at the time. I get about 1,000 rupees ($10) for a 5-day programme, and for the campaign I work from 08:00 to 15:00. Earlier, we didn't have any security, but after the incidents in the past couple of days, we've been given security in the form of police personnel - for every team of two, there are two policemen. Let's just hope this is a permanent change. It's quite difficult working as a LHW because you go into areas where you don't know who the people are and how they'll react to you. But what worries us the most is that if, God forbid, anything happens to us, then what will happen to our children? There is no insurance programme. I am personally not scared, I leave each morning after a prayer, but my family especially my children are very upset about me working. They heard the news and my 11-year-old daughter cried and asked me not to go, my 10-year-old son also keeps on messaging me on my mobile phone to ask how I am doing. It's not a safe job anymore, but I believe we must eradicate polio from Pakistan. We are one out of three countries left where this disease exists and I want to be a part of this campaign.

इस्लामाबाद में बी. बी. सी. उर्दू के नोशीन अब्बास ने दो स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताओं से बात की जो पाकिस्तान में पोलियो को खत्म करने के लिए नवीनतम अभियान पर काम कर रहे हैं-दुनिया में केवल तीन में से एक जहां यह बीमारी स्थानिक है।


Why Chinese officials are afraid to look too smart

Summary: China's crackdown on corruption has had an unexpected effect. People in influential positions have realised it might not look good if they and their families wear expensive jewellery or flash large amounts of cash at casinos - and as a result some businesses are suffering.

By Celia HattonBBC News, Beijing I had already handed her my credit card, but Jane wanted to chat. She was taking her time ringing up the sale. When we first met, a decade ago, she had just landed her job in one of Beijing's touristy pearl stores, known for selling earrings and necklaces that cost a fortune elsewhere. For years, every time I visited, the store was crowded and chaotic. Mountains of pearls would be piled high on tables - so many that loose pearls rolled around on the floor. No-one had time to sweep them up, they were too busy making money. But now, the store was empty. And not just this one. All the pearl stores in this area had fallen silent. Unsurprisingly, Jane was bored. She was also eight months pregnant. Instead of her usual uniform suit, she wore the stereotypical outfit for expecting Chinese women - a pair of corduroy overalls with a teddy-bear face on the front. "Where are all of your customers?" I asked. In the hour I had been in the shop, no one else had entered. "Look outside," she sighed, gesturing to a distant window. "The tourists have disappeared. They are scared of the pollution." "But that is not the worst thing," she continued. "Our Chinese customers used to spend the most, by far. Government people bought our best pearls as gifts. But now, they are all scared of Mr Xi!" she whispered, referencing China's leader, Xi Jinping. "During the anti-corruption campaign, no one wants to be seen wearing pricey jewellery." This week, it was announced that about 300,000 officials were punished for corruption in the last year alone. That includes 80,000 who received "severe punishments". The campaign's work takes place internally, so little is known about who those officials are, what they did wrong, and what happened to them as a result. But the anti-corruption drive has other, more obvious consequences. Spending on flashy luxury items like watches, has dropped. Jane's pearl store fell victim to this. Gambling has taken a hit too. The Chinese enclave of Macau, the Las Vegas of the East, has seen profits drop 20% in the past year - all due to the absence of worried officials, it is said. But that does not mean the Communist Party has cleaned up its act. Far from it. "I do not think this is making a big dent in how many officials are breaking the law," one China watcher tells me. "That is not what this is about." People outside China are misunderstanding this campaign, she explains. Ultimately, Xi Jinping is not trying to groom law-abiding officials. No. He is trying to create legions of obedient officials to implement his policies. This is a bid to ensure loyalty at every level of the Communist Party - from the upper echelons in Beijing, down to the most remote villages, and stretching right across all of the government's financial empire too. China's state oil companies, the military and the big banks have all been subjected to corruption inspections. Even the corruption bureau has its own internal inspectors. For every "rogue official" who might have been trying to carve out a personal empire - by setting up a network of bribes and kickbacks - well, he is taken out and replaced with someone promoted from within, someone loyal to President Xi. A certain amount of corruption and graft is tolerated, as long as the ultimate priority, party unity, stays intact. In this environment, all sorts of things are still going on behind closed doors. High-end lingerie sales are soaring. The logic being that communist cadres will still spend money on private pleasures. Well-connected friends tell me that "secret" restaurants are viewed as a necessity now. On the ground floor they look like shabby teahouses but banquets are served on the upper floors. Yes, some luxuries are still popular. It is just the consumption that has gone underground - quite literally, in some cases, I found. In Beijing, I was always puzzled by a very expensive cluster of stores near my home. It was an outdoor shopping plaza, full of the ritziest European labels - and it always seemed to be empty, with almost no-one going in or out of the shops. That is, until one day, I entered the underground car park below the plaza. Every space was filled with gleaming cars - BMWs, Lamborghinis, a Rolls Royce or two. And behind the cars stood the individual elevators. Each store has its own plushly-carpeted lift. No need to ever venture outside, into the public eye. "When do you think the current anti-corruption campaign will end?" I ask a respected expert I know. He laughs. "It will not end until Xi Jinping feels completely in control," he says. "He is totally reliant on his loyal cadres but everyone else hates him and is just waiting for him to stumble. As soon as that happens, the corruption will come flooding back." No more need for underground parking lots when that happens. How to listen to From Our Own Correspondent: BBC Radio 4: Thursdays at 11:00 GMT and Saturdays at 11:30 GMT Listen online or download the podcast. BBC World Service: At weekends - see World Service programme schedule or listen online. Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.

भ्रष्टाचार पर चीन की कार्रवाई का एक अप्रत्याशित प्रभाव पड़ा है। प्रभावशाली पदों पर बैठे लोगों ने महसूस किया है कि अगर वे और उनके परिवार महंगे गहने पहनते हैं या कैसिनो में बड़ी मात्रा में नकदी डालते हैं तो यह अच्छा नहीं लगेगा-और इसके परिणामस्वरूप कुछ व्यवसायों को नुकसान हो रहा है।


Manchester's £28.5m cancer research centre opens

Summary: A £28.5m ($44.5m) cancer research centre has opened.

The Manchester Cancer Research Centre, in Withington, will "test potential new therapies and different ways of diagnosing cancer earlier". Director Prof Nic Jones said 150 scientists at the building would work to develop personalised cancer treatments. It is hoped this would lead to improved diagnosis, more effective treatments and improved survival rates. Prof Jones said the placement of the centre, opposite The Christie cancer specialist hospital, was "crucial" to enable scientists and clinicians to work closely together. "What's learned in clinical trials comes straight back to the laboratory, creating a circle between the laboratory and the clinic and that's key in making real progress," he said. "We will know more about an individual patient's disease characteristics which will help to lead directly to better treatments and outcomes." He said the facility was "part of the ambition we have to make Manchester one of the top cancer centres in the world." The centre was jointly funded by Cancer Research UK, the University of Manchester and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust with their More Tomorrows campaign. Cancer Research UK said 13,200 people are diagnosed with the disease every year in Greater Manchester.

एक £ 28.5m ($44.5m) कैंसर अनुसंधान केंद्र खोला गया है।


West Midlands firefighters to wear body cameras

Summary: Firefighters in the West Midlands are to wear body cameras.

Watch commander Gemma McSweeney said the cameras would help firefighters gather information to review their responses to incidents. They are being rolled out after a trial at ten Birmingham fire stations earlier this year, during which a suspected gas explosion at a Birmingham home was filmed. The fire service said 80 cameras would be introduced in early 2017. In June Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service said its firefighters would wear helmet-mounted cameras, a decision the Fire Brigades Union warned "could compromise neutrality". Related Internet Links West Midlands Fire Service

वेस्ट मिडलैंड्स में अग्निशामकों को बॉडी कैमरा पहनना पड़ता है।


Mental health: are we all sick now?

Summary: Diagnosing psychiatric illness has always been controversial, mental health experts say. Now some are worried that a new draft of the diagnostic 'bible' for mental health medicine could result in almost everyone being diagnosed with a mental condition.

By Philippa RoxbyHealth reporter, BBC News The diagnostic 'bible' in question is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association. The US manual is used worldwide as a basis for diagnosis, research and medical education. Its forthcoming fifth edition - known in the profession as as DSM-5 - is set to contain a range of new diagnoses, including conditions such as "mixed anxiety depression, psychosis risk syndrome and temper dysregulation disorder", as well as the more mundane binge eating. The danger, say experts writing in a special issue of the Journal of Mental Health, is that there has not been enough research to back up these changes. Even the smallest shift in how to define something like depression could have huge implications. Self-fulfilling Dr Felicity Callard, senior research fellow at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, says it is crucial to understand what happens when people are over-diagnosed. "There are very big potential implications on how people, particularly adolescents, respond to being told they have a mental illness. It's likely there will be harmful consequences," she said. She cites the "at risk psychosis syndrome" diagnosis as an example of a label which is given to young people who 'might' have psychosis - characterised by abrupt changes in personality. It is a diagnosis of something which could result in a disorder, but only potentially. That can have complicated effects, she says. "Imagine a young person being told that they are "at risk" of developing a mental illness. How would that affect that individual's behaviour? Could it lead to increased stigma or even discrimination? And how might it affect the parents and family of that person too?" Jerome Wakefield of New York University's Department of Psychiatry writes: "One of the most frightening scenarios is the potential for medicating people - particularly children - who haven't yet shown any signs of illness in a bid to 'treat' them." These concerns are shared by a number of clinical experts in the Journal of Mental Health. The journal's editor, Professor Til Wykes of King's College London, fears that, "most of these changes {to the manual} imply a more inclusive system of diagnoses where the pool of normality shrinks to a mere puddle." If normal behaviour is increasingly being categorised as mental illness then that creates a burden on individuals, families and on society as a whole. As well as an emotional and social toll, there are financial implications. It follows that money has to be set aside to care for the mentally ill and clinicians and carers have to be trained to deal with their 'illness'. Making sense Yet some effective system of diagnosis is still needed. Nick Craddock, professor of psychiatry at Cardiff University, feels it is important to make sense of a person's experience using a classification system like the DSM. "Diagnosing Bipolar disorder, for example, can be very helpful. It can transform people's lives, make them feel accepted and can give their symptoms meaning," he said. Previous research has shown that many people enjoy having a label or a name to describe their symptoms. With diagnosis comes relief and it can also be a form of therapy in itself. Following changes to the previous version of the DSM, there was a rise in rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autistic disorder and childhood polar disorders. The Journal calls them "false positive epidemics".

मानसिक स्वास्थ्य विशेषज्ञों का कहना है कि मनोरोग का निदान हमेशा विवादास्पद रहा है। अब कुछ लोग चिंतित हैं कि मानसिक स्वास्थ्य चिकित्सा के लिए नैदानिक 'बाइबल' के एक नए मसौदे के परिणामस्वरूप लगभग सभी को मानसिक स्थिति का निदान किया जा सकता है।


Black Lives Matter: 'I told my sister if it hurts we can talk about it'

Summary: Black Lives Matter protests have gone international this year. Three local organisers in the UK, galvanised by the death of George Floyd in the US and their own experiences of racism, have spoken about the impact of the demonstrations on their own lives and what they plan to do next.

Nevada Claxton, 18, said the coronavirus lockdown had given her pause for "serious reflection" on what had happened to Mr Floyd in Minneapolis in May, with its ripples felt thousands of miles away in her family home in Luton, Bedfordshire. "All of a sudden you had to fight it. My friends and I just thought of all the things over the years we'd let slide that were racist," said Ms Claxton. "For my sister - who was 12 and at that age where they're on social media like TikTok and Snapchat - that footage was hard to avoid. "We sat down together, but we couldn't speak about it. "So I said to her 'if it hurts we can talk about it and she burst into tears'. "What happened to George Floyd has been devastating, but I just hope she doesn't have to be on the phone to her friends when she's 18 saying 'Let's protest [against] this'." Ms Claxton and a group of 10 friends organised a Black Lives Matter protest in Luton this summer and were overwhelmed when 600 people turned out. She deferred taking up her place to study journalism at university due to Covid-19 and said she had instead has been devoting her time to fighting prejudice. After the march, her group was invited to work with Luton Council and, with two friends, she has been appearing on Danny Fullbrook's BBC Three Counties show to talk about a range of topical issues, which had been "amazing". Nevada - who was brought up in Sheffield, New York and Trinidad before moving back to the UK when she was 12 - said while there were loose plans for a demonstration in 2021, she was hoping to help start pop-up events to tackle prejudice. "We'd love to do shows as a lot of our friends are creative - singers and dancers," she said. "Once the pandemic is over we'll be able to do more physical stuff." Ms Claxton's desire to tackle racism is echoed by Northampton-based model and poet Will Reid, who has a five-year-old daughter. The son of a Jamaican/West African father and English/German mother, Reid noticed by the time he was 16 that his group of friends had become predominately black. "How can I be having the same conversations with my daughter - who is mixed race - that my dad had to have with me?" said Reid. "How can I tell her that certain people won't like her because of the colour of her skin? That friends will no longer come round because their parents don't like the colour of her skin?" The 31-year-old said while George Floyd's death had "started a conversation" about racism and raised awareness, progress would remain slow. "It's burst a lot of people's bubbles - especially for the older generation who thought there wasn't any racism here," he said. Reid said curiosity prompted him to attend the first Black Lives Matter demonstration in Northampton in June, where he ended up delivering an off-the-cuff speech. Spurred on by the response, it led to him helping to organise the next protest and talking to Anjona Roy and Paul Crofts at the Northamptonshire Rights and Equality Council about how it could connect more effectively with younger black and mixed race people. Reid was voted onto the board, chaired a meeting with Northamptonshire Police about stop and search measures and the use of force. He plans to hold seminars where youngsters can talk to officers about such issues to "build relationships". Reid was also in the process of setting up a charity named after his grandfathers to give grants to help local children with their education and other opportunities. He said education was the key in breaking down barriers at a grassroots level to help promote more understanding about equality and black history. "When I was in year 10 or 11, I asked about all the black children in World War Two and was told there weren't any," Reid said. It is an issue that journalism student and campaigner Malaika Gangooly - who helped organise Chelmsford's Black Lives Matter protest - has been trying to tackle. Ms Gangooly and two friends have distributed resource packs on black history and issues to 50 schools across the country. The 20-year-old, recently appointed as the equality and diversity representative at her university, City of London, said the project gained traction on Twitter as more and more teachers began contacting her. "I think they're just happy that someone is doing it," she said. "It is really rewarding and so much effort goes into those resources to make sure kids get taught about people [who] we didn't [get taught about]. "It's nice to know there seems to be generational change." She has also given two school assemblies and plans to do more, bolstered by invitations to speak about her activism at a recent Amnesty International conference and academic forum, where she joined a panel of professors. As the youngest speaker at both, Ms Gangooly said she had used the opportunities to "learn from those who know more than me", and felt the fight for racial equality was now down to "100% our generation and the generation coming". She said: "I want there to be one moment where I think 'wow, things have really changed for the better'." Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email eastofenglandnews@bbc.co.uk Related Internet Links Northamptonshire Rights and Equality Council

ब्लैक लाइव्स मैटर विरोध प्रदर्शन इस साल अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर चले गए हैं। अमेरिका में जॉर्ज फ्लॉयड की मौत और नस्लवाद के अपने अनुभवों से उत्साहित ब्रिटेन में तीन स्थानीय आयोजकों ने अपने जीवन पर प्रदर्शनों के प्रभाव और आगे क्या करने की योजना के बारे में बात की है।


Wrexham's People's Market renamed Ty Pawb

Summary: A public vote has chosen "Ty Pawb" - Welsh for "Everybody's House" - as the name for the arts centre moving into the old People's Market in Wrexham.

The council's executive board announced on Tuesday that 897 people voted between three possible names for the £4.5m market and arts development. Some market traders objected to being relocated temporarily while the work was under way. The council said it was on track and Ty Pawb should open in Spring 2018. Voters had the choice of calling the new development "Ty Pawb", "Cartref" or "Oriel M." The building refurbishment involves adding two galleries, performance areas, a gallery shop and market stalls. The project is being funded by the Welsh Government, Arts Council of Wales and Wrexham council.

एक सार्वजनिक वोट ने "टाय पाव्ब"-"एवरीबडीज हाउस" के लिए वेल्श-को रेक्सम में पुराने पीपुल्स मार्केट में जाने वाले कला केंद्र के नाम के रूप में चुना है।


Laura Marling announces UK tour dates for next spring

Summary: Laura Marling has revealed new UK tour dates for spring 2012.

The singer will play 10 dates in total, starting in Cambridge on Thursday 1 March and finishing in Nottingham on Tuesday 13 March. The tour will include a date at the Hammersmith Apollo in London, which will be Laura Marling's biggest UK headline show to date. The 21-year-old released her third album A Creature I Don't Know earlier this year. In February, Marling won the Brit Award for best British female. She has been nominated for the Mercury Music Prize twice, in 2008 and 2010. The full dates are: Corn Exchange, Cambridge - 1 March Symphony Hall, Birmingham - 2 Colston Hall, Bristol - 3 Sage Theatre, Gateshead - 5 O2 Academy, Leeds - 6 HMV Hammersmith Apollo, London - 7 O2 Apollo, Manchester - 9 O2 Academy, Glasgow - 10 Victoria Hall, Stoke - 11 Royal Concert Hall, Nottingham - 13 Tickets for the shows go on sale at 9am this Friday, 9 December.

लौरा मार्लिंग ने वसंत 2012 के लिए ब्रिटेन के नए दौरे की तारीखों का खुलासा किया है।


Plane lands safely at Aberdeen International Airport after emergency

Summary: An aircraft has returned safely to Aberdeen International Airport after reporting a problem shortly after taking off.

The Atlantic Airlines cargo flight left Aberdeen on Monday evening, and had been scheduled to fly to East Midlands Airport. But it declared an emergency a short time later and returned to Aberdeen, where it landed safely at about 20:20. It is not yet known what caused the plane to turn back.

एक विमान उड़ान भरने के तुरंत बाद एक समस्या की सूचना देने के बाद एबरडीन अंतर्राष्ट्रीय हवाई अड्डे पर सुरक्षित रूप से लौट आया है।


Abdullah Balouchi death: Fourth person charged with murder

Summary: A fourth person has been charged with the murder of a 20-year-old man who was stabbed to death in Hull.

Abdullah Balouchi was found seriously injured on Peel Street on 7 October and died later in hospital. Humberside Police said Abdul Al-Amudi, 32, of Cambridge Street, has now been charged with Mr Balouchi's murder. Three teenagers who were previously charged with murdering Mr Balouchi were remanded in custody after appearing at Hull Crown Court. Follow BBC Yorkshire on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to yorkslincs.news@bbc.co.uk or send video here.

चौथे व्यक्ति पर एक 20 वर्षीय व्यक्ति की हत्या का आरोप लगाया गया है, जिसे हल में चाकू मारकर मार दिया गया था।


10 things about top 10 global school rankings

Summary: The results of international school tests in reading, taken every five years, have been published - with a strong showing for the two participating UK education systems, England and Northern Ireland . As well as this Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (Pirls), there are also the Timss maths tests and the OECD's Pisa tests, as well as numerous higher education tables. What do these global rankings show?

Sean CoughlanEducation correspondent 1. England and Northern Ireland are in the top 10 of a global schools ranking - with Northern Ireland in joint sixth place, in nudging distance of education superstars such as Finland. It's an impressive performance, with England in joint eighth place, in the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - known as Pirls - taken in primary schools every five years. 2. Russia? The top of global rankings such as Pirls and Pisa usually have a limited cast list - Singapore, Finland, South Korea and particularly clever parts of China usually dominate. But this year Russia is in the gold medal position. The academics running the tests say this shouldn't be a surprise. Russia has done well before in these tests and has been changing its schools, with a big push on academic excellence and a more rigorous emphasis on standards. 3. Who takes these tests? These global rankings are based on samples of pupils representing the different range of regions, peoples and types of school, whether it's somewhere the size of Luxembourg or the United States. For the Pirls tests, England's result was based on a sample of about 5,000 students in 170 schools, while top-rated Russia's result was based on about 4,600 pupils in 206 schools. The sample for the United States was 4,425, or the equivalent of less than 100 per state. 4. Comparing like with like? There is something mesmerising about a ranking, it's a hierarchy uncluttered by any complicating factors. They are blazing headlights on the motorway rather than a torch in the study. But that means not noticing details, such as pupils in the Pirls test being different ages. The flying Finns near the top of the table were on average about a year older than the lower-ranked French or Italians. That's a big difference in primary school. 5. Who should take the credit? It's an iron rule that current governments are responsible for all success, previous governments for all failure. Also, it's a free buffet for drawing conclusions that suit your own views. England's success could be an argument for a rigorous national curriculum testing system, phonics and league tables. Northern Ireland's could be attributed to not having Sats, schools divided on religious lines and the demands of selective secondary schools. 6. Pick your facts, choose your headline: The same rankings can generate entirely different narratives. The Pirls results have rightly been seen as impressive performances from schools in England and Northern Ireland, well above average by international standards. But rankings can be used selectively. In absolute terms this year's results put England in 10th place, but because there is no meaningful statistical difference with the two countries above, the Pirls's organisers have said it is the equivalent of joint 8th. In the past tests five years ago, England was ranked 11th. But the Pirls people say that if the same approximation were applied retrospectively, England would have been joint 6th. So did the results improve or dip? You could produce entirely different interpretations from the same evidence. 7. They make a big impact: Even if you don't believe in education league tables, they make things change around them. The Programme for International Student Assessment tests run by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have been seen as driving education policy and stirring education ministers to measure themselves against international standards. In Germany, this became known as "Pisa shock", when a country that thought it had the world's best education system discovered it was some way behind many of its Asian competitors. When the Pisa tests were still finding their feet, the US tried to squash their uncomfortable message about its deeply divided schools - and the OECD's Andreas Schleicher has said that it was the intervention of Ted Kennedy that stopped the US from trying to stop their publication. 8. You rank only what you can measure: It's no coincidence that global rankings focus on maths, science and reading. They are much more straightforward to test and mark than more complicated, culturally defined subjects such as history or literature. But does that mean that less value is attached to subjects that won't see countries climbing up league tables? 9. Nothing is inevitable: It's no accident that countries such as Singapore, South Korea and Finland are at the top of global rankings. They quite deliberately pursued long-term, multi-generational policies to create excellent school systems, with the aim of rising up the economic food chain. The OECD has rejected the idea that some countries have a "culture" of education. It uses the examples of Singapore and South Korea to show a country can go from widespread illiteracy and poverty to having some of the highest education standards in the world. 10. Are they fair? It might seem one-sided to compare a wealthy European school system with a developing country, or a huge sprawling country with a compact city state. But the argument of league tables is that it doesn't matter whether it's fair - it's the reality of a globalised world. Young people in very different and unequal settings are in the same economic race - and their chances of success will be heavily dependent on their access to education. And if you don't get the right result in an education league table... there will be another one along soon.

पढ़ने में अंतर्राष्ट्रीय विद्यालय परीक्षणों के परिणाम, जो हर पाँच साल में लिए जाते हैं, प्रकाशित किए गए हैं-दो भाग लेने वाली यू. के. शिक्षा प्रणालियों, इंग्लैंड और उत्तरी आयरलैंड के लिए एक मजबूत प्रदर्शन के साथ-साथ अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पठन साक्षरता अध्ययन (पिर्ल्स) में इस प्रगति के साथ-साथ टिम्स गणित परीक्षण और ओ. ई. सी. डी. के पीसा परीक्षण भी हैं, साथ ही साथ कई उच्च शिक्षा तालिकाएं भी हैं। ये वैश्विक रैंकिंग क्या दिखाती हैं?


Coronavirus: Where has all the hand sanitiser gone?

Summary: Shelves all over the world are empty, there's slim pickings online and the few suppliers that are selling are pricing at way over the odds. We're being told to wash our hands and use hand sanitiser - but a lot of people are struggling to find any.

By Stephanie HegartyPopulation correspondent If everyone in the world had one small bottle of sanitiser we would need 385 million litres of the stuff. But that's not a lot compared to what healthcare professionals will get through during the coronavirus pandemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) expects them to need 2.9 billion litres of sanitiser per month. That's about 35 billion litres per year. Before coronavirus, the world produced just under three billion litres per year, according market analysts Arizton Advisory and Intelligence. And that perhaps explains why there is now a problem getting hold of it. On Amazon, if you try buying alcohol-based sanitiser - the type recommended by the WHO - you'll find all of the usual brands are sold out. Here in the UK, just a few days ago only one seller seemed to have any in stock. A 500ml bottle was priced at £30 ($35) - at least 10 times what it would have been in February. It's since been reduced to £20, but that is still about seven times pre-pandemic prices. It's easy to accuse sellers like these of price-gouging and many reviews underneath the listing did just that. But the company selling it, Herts Tools, says it's not that simple. "We've been getting an unfair bashing really," said the friendly man who answered the phone, Paul Stephenson. "There are people out there saying we're taking the mickey but I can assure you we're not. "We're in a position where we're making enough profit margin on the hand sanitiser just to keep ourselves afloat." The company usually sells and rents tools to the construction industry and it only started selling sanitiser because customers were requesting it. But it has struggled to get hold of supplies and the cost is rising every day. "I can't even guarantee what I paid today I'm going to pay tomorrow," says Stephenson. And that's because the price of the key ingredient - alcohol - has increased dramatically. The sanitiser Herts Tools has been selling is made by a UK-based skincare products company called Zidac Laboratories. Its director, Jurica Weissbarth, has been fielding a lot of calls lately. Zidac can make 150,000 bottles of hand sanitiser a day, but for the past two weeks the production line has been down. It hasn't been able to get ethanol, the alcohol it puts in its sanitiser, and which has to make up at least 60% for it to kill viruses (and bacteria) effectively. Weissbarth used to pay around £700 ($800) for a tonne of ethanol - enough for 32,000 bottles of hand gel. Last week a new supplier offered him a tonne for £10,000 - more than 10 times the ordinary price. He politely declined. But this week he was in celebratory mood after buying a batch on Tuesday for only three or four times more than usual. The BBC called several distributors of industrial alcohol. One woman who answered the phone was close to tears; the company she worked for was closing down due to lack of stock. Others were so busy that staff were overwhelmed and couldn't talk. One website said requests for orders had gone from 300 a day to more than 6,000. None were taking new orders. If sanitisers aren't made from ethanol, they're made from isopropyl alcohol, also called IPA. There are a limited number of companies that produce these types of alcohol on an industrial scale. The biggest producers are in China, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and the US. In France the government has ordered all IPA made in the country to stay there. Other countries could easily follow suit. "That is pretty extreme in Europe, where we are supposed to be all as one," says Steven Willekes from chemical supplier DutCH2 in the Netherlands. He thinks any country that doesn't have its own supply of these alcohols could run out of sanitiser very soon. And that explains why drinks companies such as Pernod Ricard, which makes Absolut Vodka, and Diageo, which makes Johnnie Walker whisky - and other smaller companies from London to New York, to Manila in the Philippines - are now providing alcohol to be used for making sanitiser, or are planning to make it themselves. The Indian government has expressly asked the alcoholic drinks industry and the sugarcane industry to provide ethanol to hand sanitiser companies. Chad Friese of the Chippawa Valley Ethanol Company in the US says there is enough alcohol out there to make an awful lot of sanitiser, it's just being used in different industries. His factory is running at full capacity and is sending as much as possible to the sanitiser industry, but it has other commitments too. "I think there's plenty of production it's just not going into the right channels right now. Somebody that's producing alcohol for Diageo or somebody like that, they have a commitment to send it to them and not to someone who is making hand sanitiser," he says. "It's just about getting the supply to the right people." So when Britain's third-richest man promised to build hand sanitiser production plants in the UK, Germany and France within days, and to supply hospitals free of charge, it would have been logical to wonder where he would get the alcohol to fill his production lines. Well, he shouldn't have too much of a problem. Sir Jim Ratcliffe owns Ineos, one of Europe's biggest manufacturers of both ethanol and IPA. Update 4 April 2020: The original version of this story gave an incorrect figure for the quantity of hand sanitiser produced annually, prior to the coronavirus pandemic, as a result of a mistake in the report by Arizton Advisory and Intelligence. You may also be interested in: The coronavirus crisis is throwing many pregnant women's birth plans up in the air - and leading some health trusts to increase home births. Birth in a pandemic: 'You are stronger than you think'

दुनिया भर में अलमारियाँ खाली हैं, ऑनलाइन छोटी-मोटी चीज़ें खरीदी जा रही हैं और जो कुछ आपूर्तिकर्ता बेच रहे हैं वे बाधाओं को पार करते हुए मूल्य निर्धारण कर रहे हैं। हमें अपने हाथ धोने और हैंड सैनिटाइज़र का उपयोग करने के लिए कहा जा रहा है-लेकिन बहुत से लोग किसी भी चीज़ को खोजने के लिए संघर्ष कर रहे हैं।


Anger over 'namesake' candidate at Sandwell Council

Summary: The Conservatives on Sandwell Council carried out an "appalling prank" by fielding a candidate with the same name as his Labour opponent.

Labour's Derek Rowley, who has been re-elected in the Great Bridge ward at Sandwell Council, claimed the Tories had tried to confuse voters. "They've denied the voters of Great Bridge a credible alternative," he said. But Ray Knock, who led the Tory group, said the claim was completely untrue. "This is just another load of Labour spin," he said. "I take it now Labour are trying to say that just because a guy's called Derek Rowley he's got no legal right to stand." Mr Knock later lost his seat to a Labour candidate. · All the latest election results are available at bbc.co.uk/vote2012

कंजर्वेटिव ऑन सैंडवेल काउंसिल ने अपने लेबर प्रतिद्वंद्वी के समान नाम के उम्मीदवार को मैदान में उतारकर एक "भयावह प्रैंक" किया।


Dead minke whale washes up on Ynyslas beach, Ceredigion

Summary: Christmas Day beach walkers in mid Wales had a surprise when they stumbled across a dead whale that had been washed up.

The mammal, thought to be a minke whale, was discovered at Ynyslas beach, near Aberystwyth, Ceredigion on Friday. A coastguard spokesman said a marine expert would take samples before the whale was removed. Walker Shirley Tunley said: "Over 40 years of Christmas morning visits by the Tunley family but this is a first."

मध्य वेल्स में क्रिसमस के दिन समुद्र तट पर चलने वालों को एक आश्चर्य हुआ जब वे एक मृत व्हेल से टकरा गए जो बह गई थी।


Flybe adds Luton to Guernsey route

Summary: Airline operator Flybe has been given a licence to fly from Guernsey to Luton Airport.

But a spokesperson for the Exeter-based company said the airline had "no plans to start a schedule to Luton this summer". The low-cost airline was granted its licence by the Commerce and Employment Department on 13 January. Travel expert Vaughan Davis said: "A better option would be the introduction of a service to London City."

एयरलाइन ऑपरेटर फ्लाईबी को ग्वेर्नसे से ल्यूटन हवाई अड्डे तक उड़ान भरने का लाइसेंस दिया गया है।


Cable damage causes major rail delays in Birmingham

Summary: Thousands of people using train services in Birmingham and the West Midlands faced major delays after overhead power cables came down.

Network Rail said a section of cabling between Birmingham New Street and Smethwick came down at about 12:00 GMT. Services calling at Birmingham New Street faced delays of up to 30 minutes and trains had to queue for platforms. All lines were reopened at about 20:00 GMT after engineers repaired the problem, the company said. A spokesperson for London Midland said that the cable problem was "an issue with the infrastructure and not weather related."

बर्मिंघम और वेस्ट मिडलैंड्स में ट्रेन सेवाओं का उपयोग करने वाले हजारों लोगों को बिजली के तारों के ऊपर गिरने के बाद बड़ी देरी का सामना करना पड़ा।


The crucial role of women within Islamic State

Summary: Whitehall officials have told the BBC that contrary to recent announcements, the number of Britons emigrating to Syria to live under Islamic State (IS) rule peaked two years ago. However, the proportion of women among those joining the extremist group has risen dramatically. So what's behind this and what exactly is the IS strategy behind luring women into their ranks? Our Security Correspondent Frank Gardner investigates.

By Frank GardnerBBC Security correspondent Islamic State, also known as Isis, has a dual attitude to women. On the one hand it treats those it considers heretics as almost sub-human, as commodities to be traded and given away as rewards to jihadist fighters. Shocking footage from a modern-day sex-slave market in Mosul, Iraq, shows militants discussing prices for Yazidi girls, captured last year, many of them underage. At least 2,000 Yazidi women are still being held, only a few have escaped. 'Corner stones' "They put us up for sale," said one who did recently escape. "Many groups of fighters came to buy. Whatever we did, crying, begging, made no difference." But on the other hand, IS has big plans for Muslim women who migrate to their territory to play a key role in building the so-called caliphate. "They want women to join them," says Dr Katherine Brown, an expert in Islamic Studies at King's College London. "They see women as the corner stones of the new state and they want citizens. "What is really interesting is that people talk of IS as being a death cult, but that is the opposite of what they are trying to create... they want to create a new state... and they very much want women to join that as part of this utopian politics." That utopia includes a treatise published in Arabic in February, setting out a code of conduct that harks back 1,400 years. It is aimed primarily at Arab women in the Gulf states and the wider Middle East and includes passages that are incomprehensible to most people in the West: "It is considered legitimate for a girl to be married at the age of nine. Most pure girls will be married by 16 or 17, while they are still young and active," the treatise says. Putting down roots A former al-Qaeda member with a deep insight into the jihadist mindset is Aimen Deen. He believes the IS approach to women is very different from that of al-Qaeda or the Taliban. 'Unlike al-Qaeda, Isis is looking to establish a permanent society with roots. They are bringing families from the entire Muslim world, not just from Europe and the US but from Central Asia... providing families for the Islamic State." Online recruitment messages are pumped out continually, in different languages, telling Muslims to abandon their safe but conflicted lives in the West and come to the caliphate. Ignored by the vast majority, there are nevertheless a growing number of women heeding the call. Some are like the British girls from Bethnal Green in east London, who wanted to be jihadist brides, marrying a fighter who will give them status. "There is a romantic element here," continues Aimen Deen, who warns that it can often end in tragedy. "The life expectancy of a jihadist is a month or two. So what will happen is that a woman will marry someone, he will die and for four months and 10 days she will be in mourning. "If she is pregnant then maybe longer, and then she will marry someone else and then there will be another martyred husband, another four months in mourning and she will go through this process again. "That is not a happy life, that is a miserable one." Social media role But unlike the Taliban or al-Qaeda, IS have allowed many of their western female recruits a prominent public role on social media. Perhaps the best known is the 20-year-old Glaswegian runaway, Aqsa Mahmoud, who calls herself "Umm Laith". She has become famous for dispensing advice to women thinking of abandoning their families in Britain, from the mundane to the philosophical. Mah-Rukh Ali, a Norwegian researcher at Oxford University who specialises in women and propaganda in IS, believes it is a deliberate strategy to give women a prominent role online. "Isis uses women much more actively than we ever saw the Taliban or al-Qaeda using them," she says. "There are about 100,000 pro-Isis tweets every day and many of these tweets appear to come from women who have joined Isis from western societies." Researchers say that many of those women who make it across the Turkish border into IS-controlled territory end up frustrated by the roles they are assigned. Unmarried women are kept in a safe house, usually with others who speak their language and given religious indoctrination and Arabic classes while a husband is found for them as quickly as possible. Any thoughts of taking part in battles and wielding a Kalashnikov on the frontline are soon dashed. But some join the Khansaa Brigades, a women-only vigilante force that patrols cities like Raqqa and Mosul enforcing strict Islamist rules. "They've been known to carry out harsh punishments like beatings and whipping someone for not wearing the right clothing," says Dr Katherine Brown. They have also been known to put animal trap clamps on a women's breasts because they have been breastfeeding in public, she says. But beyond the cruelty and the shocking practices that have propelled IS to international infamy, the uncomfortable fact is that their so-called caliphate is not going away. I asked Aimen Deen, the former jihadist, if IS now sees women as essential to the group's chances of survival. "Indeed, there is no question about it. They are half of the society. They are playing an important role in many departments: the medical department, the educational department and even the tax collection department, so they are essential for the survival of Islamic State."

व्हाइटहॉल के अधिकारियों ने बीबीसी को बताया है कि हाल की घोषणाओं के विपरीत, इस्लामिक स्टेट (आईएस) के शासन में रहने के लिए सीरिया जाने वाले ब्रिटेनियों की संख्या दो साल पहले चरम पर थी। हालाँकि, चरमपंथी समूह में शामिल होने वालों में महिलाओं का अनुपात नाटकीय रूप से बढ़ गया है। तो इसके पीछे क्या है और महिलाओं को अपने रैंक में लुभाने के पीछे आईएस की रणनीति क्या है? हमारे सुरक्षा संवाददाता फ्रैंक गार्डनर जांच करते हैं।


Life at Ashworth Hospital

Summary: Moors Murderer Ian Brady is expected to appear before a mental health tribunal to try to prove he is of sound enough mind to be moved from Ashworth psychiatric hospital to prison, where he wants to die. BBC north-west health correspondent Nina Warhurst was the first TV journalist to be allowed in to Ashworth for more than a decade.

Walking through the gates of Ashworth for the first time, anyone would feel a little nervous. A high-security psychiatric hospital, it's treated some of Britain's most dangerous and disturbed criminals. Rapists, murderers and paedophiles live here - all 228 of the patients are held under the mental health act. But inside Ashworth, there are no slamming steel doors. No uniformed guards jangling giant keys. No sinister screams. Because Ashworth is not a prison, but a hospital. Set in green, open spaces, the buildings have the feel of a retirement village - or even a primary school. Grouped together There are 14 single-storey semi-detached wards, each providing a specific type of treatment or care. Some are used for admission and assessments, others for treatment and rehabilitation. Patients with similar conditions and at similar stages of treatment are usually grouped together. As the first TV crew allowed in for more than a decade, we were asked not to record any audio - but if we had, it would only be the sound of seagulls - circling from the Merseyside coast. I was encouraged to speak to staff. They are employed by the NHS, and like most of their colleagues across the country, incredibly proud of the work they do. They might be treating men who most see as monsters, but to the workers of Ashworth, these people are poorly - with complex mental health problems. It's their job to try, as best they can, to make them better. The environment is therapeutic - with art and music workshops, pottery and cooking classes, and social events such as bingo and film nights. They try to make sure every patient engages in some sort of social activity as part of their treatment. As one member of staff explained: "We all need something meaningful to fill our days." They told me there wasn't one patient who was made to, or even chose to, sit in isolation all day. In their comfortable bedrooms, patients are allowed personal items such as CDs, photos and books. The slim window panels are the only reminder they are being detained. But with a private toilet in each room, this is far from a grim prison cell. Achievement On average, patients stay for about six years, and most return to medium-security prisons. And staff feel a massive sense of achievement in helping them move on. Their most famous patient has been here much longer. Arriving in 1985, Ian Brady has since then been unable to convince psychiatric experts he is well enough to leave. Now the time has come to try again, but this time in front of the world. If Brady's mental health tribunal does take place at Ashworth, the press and public will be able to watch via a video-link to the Manchester Civil Justice Centre, a set-up with which he is said to be disappointed, calling it a "parody" of a public tribunal. Only 7% of patients who leave Ashworth will return. Brady will not want to be part of that statistic. If he gets his wish, he will stop eating completely. And the questions over whether it's possible to make him stay alive will be passed on from Ashworth to the prison services.

मूर्स के हत्यारे इयान ब्रैडी से यह साबित करने की कोशिश करने के लिए एक मानसिक स्वास्थ्य न्यायाधिकरण के समक्ष पेश होने की उम्मीद है कि वह पर्याप्त स्वस्थ दिमाग का है जिसे एशवर्थ मनोरोग अस्पताल से जेल ले जाया जा सकता है, जहाँ वह मरना चाहता है। बीबीसी उत्तर-पश्चिम स्वास्थ्य संवाददाता नीना वारहर्स्ट पहली टीवी पत्रकार थीं जिन्हें एक दशक से अधिक समय तक एशवर्थ में जाने की अनुमति दी गई थी।


The detail of Cabinet discussion on post-Brexit immigration

Summary: By BBC Political Editor Laura Kuenssberg and BBC Political Correspondent Iain Watson For swathes of voters, immigration was the biggest question in the referendum campaign. But details of what to do about it after Brexit have been slow in coming.

But ministers took a big step towards how the future system will look, with the biggest reboot of the immigration system in decades. The Cabinet on Monday agreed in principle that after Brexit EU nationals and people from other parts of the world should face the same immigration rules if they want to come to live or work in the UK. Ministers discussed proposals at length around the cabinet table and heard a presentation from the chair of the Migration Advisory Committee, Professor Alan Manning. Ministers reached what sources described as a "high-level conclusion" that after Brexit people wanting to come to live or work in the UK should be subject to the same rules, wherever they are from. There was broad agreement on that principle, and the Home Office will now spend weeks working out further details. But the precise details in a future White Paper might not emerge until after a deal is reached with the EU in November. One insider told the BBC that the system would be based on "skills not nationality". Although free movement for EU nationals would end, government sources suggest there could still be "light touch migration" from the EU as part of a wider trade deal but they say the EU would not get "something for nothing" and there would have to be the same access for British citizens in Europe. They said that would not be "preferential treatment" because other future trade partners, for example the United States, could be offered the same kind of thing. In the Chequers agreement there is provision for a so-called "mobility partnerships" with the EU. It is understood that the Business Secretary Greg Clark raised the prospect of concerns from business at a sudden change, arguing that there could be pressure for a gradual, rather than an immediate, shake-up after Brexit. The Chancellor Philip Hammond agreed that was likely. But sources are adamant that the chancellor did not push for a delay and that there was a unanimous decision to move to a new system based on the principle of equal access. But the cabinet did accept that some sectors would need low-skilled migrants from the EU. If there is no deal, insiders have admitted that the new migration system won't be ready and would have to be "tapered in". EU citizens coming to the UK would have to apply for a work visa after they had arrived. Another cabinet source suggested however that no final decisions had been made. It's been suggested that the prime minister hopes to make an announcement about new immigration rules at the Tory conference next week.

बी. बी. सी. की राजनीतिक संपादक लौरा कुएंसबर्ग और बी. बी. सी. की राजनीतिक संवाददाता इयान वाटसन ने जनमत संग्रह अभियान में मतदाताओं के लिए आप्रवासन सबसे बड़ा सवाल था। लेकिन ब्रेक्सिट के बाद इसके बारे में क्या करना है, इसका विवरण आने में धीमा रहा है।


Speed limit of 20mph across all Islington council roads

Summary: All roads managed by Islington Council in north London will become 20mph zones after the authority agreed the move.

The cut from 30mph to 20mph was given the go-ahead at a meeting earlier. However, roads managed by Transport for London, including Holloway Road and Upper Street, will not be affected by the new speed limit. Islington Council said the speed limit cut was aimed at reducing serious accidents involving pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. The council said the changes would be implemented by April.

उत्तरी लंदन में इस्लिंगटन परिषद द्वारा प्रबंधित सभी सड़कें प्राधिकरण के इस कदम पर सहमत होने के बाद 20 मील प्रति घंटे की रफ्तार वाले क्षेत्र बन जाएंगी।


Paris Airshow: Difficult decisions for Boeing lie ahead

Summary: Boeing is coming to this year's Paris Airshow, which starts on Monday, facing some difficult decisions in the wake of the two deadly Boeing 737 Max crashes, while its global rival Airbus is widely expected to unveil a long-range version of its best-selling A321 - potentially taking away some of Boeing's customers.

By Tim BowlerBusiness reporter, BBC News With almost 2,500 companies exhibiting and 320,000 visitors expected over seven days, the show at Le Bourget on the outskirts of Paris is one of the aerospace and defence industry's key trade fairs for a sector that generates global revenues of some $685bn annually. Expect most of the press attention to be focussed on Boeing's CEO Dennis Muilenburg, and how the firm is working with aviation regulators to get its troubled 737 Max aircraft back in the air. Piling on the pressure facing Boeing executives, just this week a US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) official indicated that airlines' fleets of Boeing 737 Max aircraft might be grounded until the end of the year - longer than many had been expecting. "The highest priority for us is the 737 Max's safe return to service," said Mr Muilenburg recently. Indeed, it has been a key seller for the US firm, which has roughly 4,500 unfulfilled orders for the aircraft. For Airbus - under new CEO Guillaume Faury - it is the first airshow at Le Bourget since it made the decision to end production of its flagship A380. But the much-heralded unveiling of its A321XLR, is likely to garner positive headlines. This is a single-aisle long-range airliner which Airbus hopes will generate new orders. Several carriers have already reportedly expressed an interest, including IAG - the parent group of British Airways and Iberia. For Airbus this is possibly a strategy to counter Boeing's eventual NMA (New Midsize Aircraft) that the US firm has been working on. The twin-aisled NMA, also labelled the 797, has been designed in two variants: a 225-seat plane with a 9,300km (5,700 mile) range and a 275-seater flying 8,300km. However, unlike Airbus's A321XLR this would be a totally new aircraft - so it would take a lot longer to see the light of day. Away from the marketing battle between Airbus and Boeing, there will be more focus on unmanned aircraft, lighter and stronger alloys and composite materials - but the most significant developments may well be developments in hybrid and all-electric aircraft engines. US firm magniX is showing off two of its electric motors at the show. It is working with North America's largest seaplane operator to retrofit the entire fleet with electric engines and magniX motors will also power the new all-electric Alice, a small passenger aircraft from Israeli firm Eviation. MagniX says it wants to transform the "middle mile" segment of the market - that's cargo and passenger flights up to 1,000 miles (1,600km). "As we debut our propulsion system at the Paris Airshow, we're one step closer to all-electric air transport starting in 2022," says magniX chief executive Roei Ganzarski. All makers are keenly aware of the need to reduce CO2 emissions - commercial flights account for 2.5% of global greenhouse gasses. But as air passenger numbers double - even with battery-powered aircraft, alternative fuels and lighter materials, the goal of reducing overall CO2 emissions in the aviation sector remains as challenging as ever. Aerospace More from the BBC on aerospace and defence: The sector has also seen significant business changes recently. Canadian-based manufacturer Bombardier has quit the commercial airliner business. Airbus has taken over its C-Series regional jets, Bombardier has put its Northern Ireland factories up for sale and is talking about the sale of its remaining regional jets business to Japan's Mitsubishi. Meanwhile, two of the US's major defence giants, United Technologies Corp (UTC) and Raytheon, have proposed a $121bn (£96bn) deal - combining the makers of missiles, electronic warfare systems, and engines for Airbus and the F-35 fighter jet. When it comes to defence, notable newcomers include Boeing's KC-46 tanker and a PAC JF-17 fighter jet, a joint development between Pakistan and China. Japan is putting its military capabilities on show with its Kawasaki P-1 maritime patrol aircraft. Yet much interest will centre on fighters, as European nations work out their visions for a next-generation combat plane. The big question is whether Europe can unite around a single design or whether countries will end up developing different sixth-generation fighter aircraft. But as it took about 10 years of negotiating and talking in the 1970s, which led to requirements for fighters being firmed up in the 1980s - finally leading to Eurofighter Typhoon, Sweden's Gripen and France's Rafale in the 1990s - this year's show is unlikely to give us any quick answers.

बोइंग इस साल के पेरिस एयरशो में आ रहा है, जो सोमवार से शुरू हो रहा है, दो घातक बोइंग 737 मैक्स दुर्घटनाओं के मद्देनजर कुछ कठिन निर्णयों का सामना कर रहा है, जबकि इसके वैश्विक प्रतिद्वंद्वी एयरबस से व्यापक रूप से अपने सबसे अधिक बिकने वाले ए 321 के लंबी दूरी के संस्करण का अनावरण करने की उम्मीद है-संभावित रूप से बोइंग के कुछ ग्राहकों को ले जा रहा है।


Halloween spooked by scary virus

Summary: Covid -19 will hit Halloween spending, after several years of spiralling spend, getting close last year to half a billion pounds. Much of the commercial spectacular has been imported from the USA, and has been adopted in Britain as the second biggest boozing 'event' of the year - until 2020 came along.

Douglas FraserBusiness/economy editor, Scotland I've never understood why people pay good money to be scared. But they do. Horror movies are reckoned to be among the most profitable - one reason being that they can be cheaply made. No-one complains if the zombie apocalypse is badly acted, or if the ghosts are wearing cast-off bedsheets. One reckoning of this century's American releases found that the 2004 movie Saw had a spine-chilling 11,000% profitability. It also noted that every other form of cinema release has a strong correlation between commercial success and critics' ratings. In the horror genre, the more a film gets panned, the more people want to see it. For me, that horror genre ceased having much attraction at around the point Scooby Doo and Shaggy nailed the dastardly monster in the big gothic castle: Halloween back then was about chiselling out a turnip to make a lantern. But even in my distant youth, we were already absorbing America's Halloween. Linus, the insecure sidekick to kindergarten philosopher Charlie Brown, each year, late at night on Halloween, could be found in the pumpkin patch, waiting. Of course, the Great Pumpkin never arrived - a valuable early lesson in disappointment being guaranteed. Soupernatural But the Great Pumpkin has since landed on these shores. America's Halloween has put down deep commercial roots in Britain. The turnip turned into a pumpkin, which somehow infected your cafe latte. Guising became trick or treat - a way to develop children's skills in running a protection racket. And there was a lot of money to be made. When Harry Potter cast his spell, it all got more expensive. Along came Instagram, and the pressure was building to look the part, with creepy costumes. They're to help scare the wits out of unsuspecting adults, who need to fob them off with lots of sweets, preferably shaped as eyeballs and amputated body parts. Some of the biggest spending on Halloween - including well over half of pumpkins - is by adults with no children at home - grandparents, neighbours of kids, and those indulging in nostalgia. Retro-sweets are big. Biggest of all is the pumpkin. Tesco's pumpkin supplier, in Cambridgeshire, grows five million of them a year. Quarter of households are expected to buy one this year, at a total cost of nearly £30 million. While very agreeable and colourful in soups and pies only around half the contents are likely to be eaten. On the lookout for family activities that are socially distanced, a day out at the pumpkin farm, to pick your own, has been a fast growing attraction. Creepy cocktails The American way also meant this infected adult behaviour. The night when the spirits are shaken and stirred from the underworld became the trigger for a big booze-up down at the pub, with creepy cocktails. Alcohol marketers see Halloween, in a normal year, as second only to Hogmanay as a drinking event. Adult party costumes are encouraged but optional, because at this level, it's nothing to do with tradition, it's merely an excuse. One Scottish company that relies heavily on Halloween sales is Morphsuits. Three Edinburgh chums gave up conventional professional careers more than a decade ago, and last year turned over £15m. Most of that is in selling Lycra that stretches from head to toe in bright colours or ever more terrifying designs. Halloween accounts for 60% of revenue - £9m last year. For retail, it's also a major happening on the calendar - nowhere near Christmas, and still lagging Father's, Mother's and Valentine's Day. But check out the seasonal goods aisle of your local hypermarket, currently swathed in orange, black and plastic spiders' webs. That shelf space has gone spookily Halloween tat, because it's profitable. Those who claim to be able count such things reckon the British spend on Halloween roughly doubled between 2013 and last year, and wasn't that far off £500m. Fiendish festival Of course, America still leads the way. Those who marked Halloween last year spent nearly $90 on average. Total, nearly $9 billion. And an obscene amount of candy consumed. That spend was on course to fall by about 8% this year, with the Covid virus playing a gruesome and terrifying role as this season's invisible doorstep killer. For a company that sells party gear, Morphsuits is finding this a very tough year, certainly in Britain, with demand down by at least half, according to co-founder Fraser Smeaton. Parents are buying costumes for kids, trying to keep things normal and fun. In the US of A, with mixed messages about infection risk, Morphsuit demand is holding up, and may even be ahead of last year. Many, though, will keep observing this fiendish festival behind closed doors. More than half of Americans told market researchers they planned to decorate their homes for the big day. Nearly half will carve a pumpkin, and nearly a fifth of Americans will dress up their pets. To me, that's really scary.

कोविड-19 हेलोवीन के खर्च को प्रभावित करेगा, कई वर्षों के बढ़ते खर्च के बाद, पिछले साल आधा अरब पाउंड के करीब पहुंच गया। अधिकांश व्यावसायिक शानदार संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका से आयात किया गया है, और ब्रिटेन में वर्ष के दूसरे सबसे बड़े शराब पीने वाले 'कार्यक्रम' के रूप में अपनाया गया है-2020 तक।


US election 2020: Three election headlines you could wake up to

Summary: So we've finally got here. That bit in an Olympic marathon where the runners enter the stadium for the last 400 metres on the track, straining aching muscles and tired bodies to sprint to the finish.

Jon SopelNorth America editor@bbcjonsopelon Twitter It's been an extraordinary, sometimes unsettling, certainly unimaginable (who had global pandemic on their bingo card?) election campaign and trying to figure out what happens next it is all crystal clear to me. There are three possible scenarios, and I wouldn't be in the least bit surprised if any of them came to pass (actually there's a fourth scenario, but I'll get to that later). Having reported on this president's effort to buy Greenland, and when the Danes refused to sell to the former property developer, watched as the president cancelled a state visit in revenge; having learnt that he paid off a porn star just before the last election; having been in Helsinki and listened to him saying he preferred to believe Russian President Vladimir Putin who was standing next to him than he did his intelligence agencies; having seen him investigated, impeached and then cleared; having watched him drive past me outside the Walter Reed Hospital when he was infectious with coronavirus; having been called "another beauty", just for saying I was from the BBC, I really have come to realise that anything can happen, and frequently does. So let's come to the three possible scenarios. 1. Biden wins with ease The first is that the polls are right and Joe Biden gains a comfortable victory on Tuesday night. Listen, being a pollster in this election season has had all the excitement of being a Saudi Arabian TV weather forecaster: "Today will be hot and sunny, and looking forward tomorrow will be hot and sunny too." For all the turmoil and tumult of this campaign - and very unlike four years ago - the national polls and crucial state polls have been unbelievably consistent. Nothing has happened. Nothing has moved. Biden has enjoyed a big lead nationally, a smaller one in the sunbelt states of Florida, Arizona and North Carolina, and a similar margin in the northern industrial ones - Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania. If you go to the FiveThirtyEight blog, where they keep a running average of all the mainstream polls, they say there has been a tightening in the race of 0.1%. When we report polls we normally say there is a 3% +/- margin of error. Only a 0.1% change over several weeks is incalculable. So if on Tuesday night this turns out to be the result, I won't be in the least bit surprised. 2. Shock win for Trump Which brings me to the second possible outcome. It is that like 2016 (although I could bore on for some time about why this is not quite true) the polls are wrong and Donald Trump wins a second term. Key to his success is what happens in Pennsylvania and Florida. No one believes polls showing Biden three or four points ahead in the Sunshine State - it is far tighter than that in Florida. And in 2020 Trump is doing far better with Latinos than he was in 2016. Likewise Pennsylvania, where in the west of the state white working-class voters could be what pushes the president over the line. In this Covid-restricted election, I've been to Florida, Ohio, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Georgia and Virginia. And wherever you go, you find Trump supporters that don't just like the 45th president - they adore him. And the Trump campaign calculation is that just as in 2016 - when they brought many people out to vote who were "off the grid", so beyond the pollsters' radar screens - they will do the same again. Also, I want to say a word about these rallies the president has been holding. Democrats have piled in saying how irresponsible he is to bring thousands of people together when there is no social distancing in a pandemic. I don't want to get into that argument. But you'd better believe there is smart calculation in doing this. To attend these events you have to sign up online, there then follows a sophisticated data-mining operation to see whether you are on the electoral register - and if you're not, they will sign you up. Thousands and thousands of people have been registered to vote as a result of this and in a tight election, removing that barrier to casting ballots might make all the difference. The one other reason that a Trump victory would not surprise me in the least is that Joe Biden is hardly an inspiring campaigner. If ever anyone represented an old guard, it is him. The aging process is cruel to everyone, but the president seems so much more vibrant and vigorous than Biden, even though they are only three years apart. It is not as if Biden is "hope" to borrow the Obama 2008 slogan. All he offers is "nope", he's not Donald Trump. But "nope" in 2020 is hugely powerful. There is a surging "negative partisanship" which looks as though it might be a decisive factor in this election. It's not that people want Biden, it's that they've had enough of this noisy presidency which has seen America become so bitterly divided. 3. Shock landslide win for Biden Which bring us to the third scenario. And it is the same as the second - the polls are wrong. Except this time the polls are wrong in the opposite direction. And this is the possibility that not only does Biden win, he wins big; it is a blowout election, akin to Ronald Reagan's victory over Jimmy Carter in 1980. Or George HW Bush's victory over Michael Dukakis in 1988. The president has seen in the final week of the campaign coronavirus cases surge to all-time highs, with hospitalisations rising, deaths ticking upwards to a thousand per day. He's also seen the stock market having its worst week since March - a barometer of economic health this president cares passionately about. Unlike 2016, when Donald Trump had a very clear message to the American people - he wanted to build a wall, he wanted to keep Muslims out, he wanted to renegotiate trade deals, he wanted to bring back manufacturing - in 2020 he's struggled to articulate what a second term would be about. So if the "blowout" came to pass, Biden doesn't only win the states I've listed in the first scenario, he takes Texas (Texas!), Ohio, Iowa, Georgia, possibly even South Carolina. Unlikely maybe, but if you follow the money, look at the polls, look at the patterns of early voting, look at where the Democrats have intensified campaigning, look at the extraordinary number of new voters, it is not impossible. ...and an unlikely outcome (but it is 2020) I mentioned at the outset there is - conceivably - a fourth scenario. And don't ask me to go into the mechanics or the consequences, but… because of the way Nebraska splits its electoral college votes, it is conceivable that in the race for 270 electoral college votes - the magic number that secures you the presidency, you end up with Biden on 269 and Trump on 269. And after billions of dollars spent, you end up in total gridlocked, legal quagmire, America divided hell. It's never happened in the modern era, and I say it is unlikely. But impossible? Come off it, this is 2020.

तो हम आखिरकार यहाँ पहुँच गए हैं। एक ओलंपिक मैराथन में वह हिस्सा जहाँ धावक ट्रैक पर अंतिम 400 मीटर के लिए स्टेडियम में प्रवेश करते हैं, मांसपेशियों और थके हुए शरीर को समाप्त करने के लिए दौड़ते हैं।


£7m bid for new Worcestershire Parkway railway station

Summary: Worcestershire County Council is to bid for £7m of government money to go towards the construction of a third railway station in Worcester.

Worcestershire Parkway station has been proposed close to junction 7 of the M5. The government has set aside a total of £20m to pay for 75% of the cost of either building or renovating stations in England and Wales. The county council has until 25 February to submit its bid for the fund, which is managed by Network Rail. The Conservative-led authority has said it wants Worcestershire Parkway completed by summer 2016 if it is given money from the New Stations Fund. The plans form part of the Worcester Transport Strategy, which requires £200m of investment.

वॉरसेस्टरशायर काउंटी काउंसिल वॉर्सेस्टर में एक तीसरे रेलवे स्टेशन के निर्माण की दिशा में जाने के लिए £7 मिलियन के सरकारी धन के लिए बोली लगाने वाली है।


Isle of Man marine laboratory site redevelopment given the go-ahead

Summary: Plans for a multi-million pound redevelopment of a former marine laboratory on the Isle of Man have been given the go-ahead.

The six-storey complex in Port Erin would include 83 flats, shops, a restaurant and exhibition space. At least 14 of the apartments would be for visitor accommodation, and the site would also include 159 parking spaces. Developers Delgatie bought the land from the Isle of Man government for £500,000 last year. Approving the development in principle, planners said the "considerable benefit" to the village "outweighs the few issues" raised over the size of the proposed building. The marine laboratory was closed and partly demolished in 2006. Some of the remaining buildings were badly damaged by fire in 2016.

आइल ऑफ मैन पर एक पूर्व समुद्री प्रयोगशाला के बहु-मिलियन पाउंड के पुनर्विकास की योजनाओं को मंजूरी दी गई है।


The Mother of All Bombs: How badly did it hurt IS in Afghanistan?

Summary: On 13 April the US dropped one of its largest non-nuclear bombs on a tunnel complex used by so-called Islamic State militants in eastern Afghanistan. It was the first time such a weapon had been used in battle. The BBC's Auliya Atrafi has been to the area to see if it really had any impact in the battle against IS.

The view from the hills overlooking the Mamand Valley is beautiful. Green fields and trees fill the valley floor. Ahead, the valley narrows and hills become mountains. In the distance rises the magnificent Spin-Ghar, the White Mountain, which marks the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. But there was no chance of quiet contemplation when I visited this area of Nangarhar province. Above, three types of American fighter planes were circling and dropping bombs. One bomb hit the narrow part of the valley. It was there, a young soldier told me, that the weapon known as the Mother of All Bombs (MOAB) had been used. I was confused. Reports of the bomb had made me think that it had wiped out the IS stronghold here in Achin district. I assumed that US and Afghan troops would have sealed off the area and that IS (or Daesh, as it is known here) would be in disarray. An Afghan officer corrected me. "For a start this bomb wasn't as powerful as you think," he said. "There are still green trees standing 100m away from the site of the impact." A large number of IS militants were killed by the MOAB, but it is hard to know how many. The Achin district governor, Ismail Shinwary, says at least 90. Either way, the battle against IS continues. "Daesh hasn't gone anywhere; there are hundreds of caves like the one the Americans bombed," the officer says, adding that strikes have continued since the bomb was dropped. "They can't get rid of them like this." The fighting appeared to be taking place along a huge area in the mountains. The bombardment was relentless, filling the valley with smoke and noise. But IS were taking casualties. Over a breakfast of eggs and green tea, the district police chief, Major Khair Mohammad Sapai, showed us pictures of dead IS fighters. They had beards and long hair. In death they looked pitiable, quite unlike the image they try to portray in their propaganda videos - riding horses, carrying their black flags or making the local Shinwari people sit on bombs and then blowing them up. Major Khair said some of them were foreigners, but from their disintegrating, dust-covered faces it was hard to tell. He showed us hand-written lists of Afghan telephone numbers seized during operations, and some of the names on the list were indeed Arabic or Pakistani. The major's claims were backed up by Hakim Khan Momand and his friends. They are members of the so-called "people's uprising" - new militias made up of local people that help with security in the area. They cooperate with state security forces but their existence is seen as a sign of weak central government and instability. The bearded men lay on portable cots, drinking strong green tea and relishing the sight of IS fighters being bombed by American planes. "They are all sorts - Uzbeks, Tajiks, Arabs and Wahhabis from Kunar Province. They have nowhere to go; best to bury them in the caves where they happen to be hiding," Hakim Khan said. His house lies in the Mamand Valley, in an area still under the control of IS. He adds: "God willing, the Americans have given us their word that they would clear the entire valley of Daesh fighters." Unlike the Taliban, who tend to have many supporters in their core areas, IS seem to have angered a lot of people. Few seemed unhappy about the US bombardment. A couple of kilometres from the frontline, ordinary life was continuing. Women carried water, boys played cricket and people went about their daily tasks. However, there was anxiety. One man, Khaled, said local people were pawns in a US game. "[Dropping the bomb] was a trick to show the world that their mission was going well. But this wasn't the type of bomb they showed in the media. The bomb did nothing." "Will IS come back?" I asked. "Yes, as soon as the government leaves, the locals won't be able to fight them. If the government makes permanent bases in the area and helps us, then we will be happy," he answered. Another local resident suggested IS could do with something a little stronger. "Let Americans bring down a bigger one, this one was small," he said. Back in the hills, Hakim Khan and his friends were listening in to IS fighters communicating via walkie-talkies with the help of their radio. The fighters were reassuring each other and communicating with their comrades in a neighbouring district. A border police officer wondered aloud if the commitment of the Trump administration would match that of IS. "The more we kill, the more they come from the other side of the Durand line, in Pakistan," he said. How successful has IS been in Afghanistan? The new 'Great Game' in Afghanistan After a night back in the safety of Jalalabad, we returned the next morning. There was no fighting so we drove into the valley until we were stopped near the bomb impact site by Afghan special forces, who agreed to show us around. They said that IS fighters saw the district as their own. After most locals fled, IS banned poppy cultivation and began farming wheat, turning the valley green. Now the lush allotments were their battlefields. Bodies lay next to hollow trees that fighters had been sleeping inside. Shear, a tough-looking special forces soldier, said that IS fighters were "crazy" and very committed. "They make the most of their basic Russian guns; they are technical fighters," he said. "You can't hear them coming in the mountains: they will wear six pairs of socks and get within striking distance without you hearing them. "In the mountains they fight individually or in groups of two or three. They don't leave their positions, so you have to kill them. And their friends don't come to collect their bodies; they lie where they die." We waited for permission to visit the impact site, surrounded by crates of military supplies dropped from the air. Our escort was Haji Beag, a unit commander, who first showed us a smaller "IS command base and prison". One door opening into a spacious courtyard led to a room which led to a small cave that could house around 10 people. It was dug into the rock and felt very solid. It was clear why finding and killing IS militants in these mountains took so much time and energy. At the entrance to the cave stood an improvised cage, made of mesh frames. It held two tight spaces which Haji Beag said were used as prison cells. He said he believed the US made a good decision to use the MOAB to target caves used over decades by different militant groups - from the Mujahedeen, to the Taliban, and most recently IS. "We found about 20 bodies around the site after the explosion. The cave system has been destroyed," he said. "It's possible that most of dead are buried inside those caves." Read more: How powerful is 'mother of all bombs'? What will Trump do about Afghanistan? The drive to the impact site with Haji Beag and his unit was a short one. American planes were still flying above us, targeting the next valley a kilometre away. The mountainous terrain was hard on our four-wheel drive and as we approached the site a rocket landed 200m in front of us. No one was hurt, but it made Haji Beag cautious, and we weren't allowed to set foot on the impact site. But we could see it, and it was unremarkable. There was no big crater. Trees had been burnt and a few rooms had been flattened. Not far from it, houses still stood and there were green trees around. As we left the valley, the bombardment continued. It seemed clear that the bomb that was dropped on 13 April had not come close to delivering a knock-out blow to IS militants entrenched in the area, and the locals certainly expect more conflict ahead. To me, at least, the Mother Of All Bombs failed to live up to her reputation.

13 अप्रैल को अमेरिका ने पूर्वी अफगानिस्तान में तथाकथित इस्लामिक स्टेट के आतंकवादियों द्वारा उपयोग किए जाने वाले एक सुरंग परिसर पर अपने सबसे बड़े गैर-परमाणु बमों में से एक गिराया। यह पहली बार था जब युद्ध में इस तरह के हथियार का इस्तेमाल किया गया था। बीबीसी की औलिया अत्रफी यह देखने के लिए उस क्षेत्र में गई थी कि क्या इसका वास्तव में आईएस के खिलाफ लड़ाई में कोई प्रभाव पड़ा है।