Daniel Coit Gilman
Daniel Coit Gilman (; July 6, 1831 – October 13, 1908) was an American educator and academic. Gilman was instrumental in founding the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale College, and subsequently served as the second president of the University of California, Berkeley, as the first president of Johns Hopkins University, and as founding president of the Carnegie Institution. 

Eponymous halls at both Berkeley and Hopkins pay tribute to his service.  He was also co-founder of the Russell Trust Association, which administers the business affairs of Yale's Skull and Bones society. Gilman served for twenty five years as president of Johns Hopkins; his inauguration in 1876 has been said to mark "the starting point of postgraduate education in the U.S."

Biography

Early life and education
Born in Norwich, Connecticut, the son of Eliza (née Coit) and mill owner William Charles Gilman, a descendant of Edward Gilman, one of the first settlers of Exeter, New Hampshire, of Thomas Dudley, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and one of the founders of Harvard College, and of Thomas Adgate, one of the founders of Norwich in 1659. Daniel Coit Gilman graduated from Yale College in 1852 with a degree in geography. At Yale he was a classmate of Andrew Dickson White, who would later serve as first president of Cornell University. The two were members of the Skull and Bones secret society, and traveled to Europe together after graduation and remained lifelong friends. Gilman was also a member of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity. Gilman would later co-found the Russell Trust Association, the foundation behind Skull and Bones. After serving as attaché of the United States legation at St. Petersburg, Russia from 1853 to 1855, he returned to Yale and was active in planning and raising funds for the founding of Sheffield Scientific School. Gilman contemplated going into the ministry, and even took out a license to preach, but later settled on a career in education.

Career

From 1856 to 1865, Gilman served as librarian of Yale College, and was also concerned with improving the New Haven public school system. When the Civil War broke out, Gilman became the recruiting sergeant for the Norton Cadets, a group of Yale graduates and faculty who drilled on the New Haven Green under the oversight of Yale professor William Augustus Norton. In 1863, Gilman was appointed professor of geography at the Sheffield Scientific School, and became secretary and librarian as well in 1866. Having been passed over for the presidency of Yale, for which post Gilman was said to have been the favorite of the younger faculty, he resigned these posts in 1872 to become the third president of the newly organized University of California, Berkeley. His work there was hampered by the state legislature, and in 1875 Gilman accepted the offer to establish and become first president of Johns Hopkins University.

Before being formally installed as president in 1876, he spent a year studying university organization and selecting an outstanding staff of teachers and scholars. His formal inauguration, on 22 February 1876, has become Hopkins' Commemoration Day, the day on which many university presidents have chosen to be installed in office. Among the legendary educators he assembled to teach at Johns Hopkins were classicist Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, mathematician James Joseph Sylvester, historian Herbert Baxter Adams and chemist Ira Remsen.

In 1876, Gilman was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.

Gilman's primary interest was in fostering advanced instruction and research, and as president he developed the first American graduate university in the German tradition. The aim of the modern research university, said Gilman, was to "extend, even by minute accretions, the realm of knowledge" At his inaugural address at Hopkins, Gilman asked: "What are we aiming at?" The answer, he said, was "the encouragement of research and the advancement of individual scholars, who by their excellence will advance the sciences they pursue, and the society where they dwell."

In 1884, Gilman was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society.

Gilman was also active in founding Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889 and Johns Hopkins Medical School in 1893. He founded and was for many years president of the Charity Organization of Baltimore, and in 1897 he served on the commission to draft a new charter for Baltimore. From 1896 to 1897, he was a member of the commission to settle the boundary line between Venezuela and British Guiana.

Gilman served as a trustee of the John F. Slater and Peabody education funds and as a member of John D. Rockefeller's General Education Board. In this capacity, he became active in the promotion of education in the southern United States. He was also president of the National Civil Service Reform League (1901–1907) and the American Oriental Society (1893–1906), vice president of the Archaeological Institute of America, and executive officer of the Maryland Geological Survey. He retired from Johns Hopkins in 1901, but accepted the presidency (1902–1904) of the newly founded Carnegie Institution of Washington.

His books include biographies of James Monroe (1883) and James Dwight Dana, a collection of addresses entitled University Problems (1898), and The Launching of a University (1906).

Personal life
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Gilman married twice. His first wife was Mary Van Winker Ketcham, daughter of Tredwell Ketcham of New York City. They married on December 4, 1861, and had two daughters: Alice, who married Everett Wheeler; and Elisabeth Gilman, who became a social activist and was a candidate for mayor of Baltimore, and for governor and senator of Maryland, on the Socialist Party of America ticket. Mary Ketcham Gilman died in 1869, and Daniel Coit Gilman married his second wife, Elizabeth Dwight Woolsey, daughter of John M. Woolsey of Cleveland, and niece of Yale president Theodore Dwight Woolsey, in 1877. Daniel Gilman's brother Edward Whiting Gilman was married to Julia Silliman, daughter of Yale University professor and chemist Benjamin Silliman. Daniel Coit Gilman died in Norwich, Connecticut.

Legacy
The original academic building on the Homewood campus of the Johns Hopkins University, Gilman Hall, is named in his honor.  In 1897, he helped found a preparatory school called 'The Country School for Boys' on the Johns Hopkins campus.  Upon relocation in 1910, it was renamed in his honor and today, the Gilman School continues to be regarded among the nation's elite private boys' schools.

On the University of California, Berkeley campus, Gilman Hall, also named in his honor, is the oldest building of the College of Chemistry and a National Historic Chemical Landmark. Named for Gilman as well is Gilman Street in Berkeley. Gilman Drive, which passes through the University of California, San Diego campus in La Jolla, CA is also named for Gilman. The Daniel Coit Gilman Summer House, in Maine, was declared a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1965. Gilman High School in Northeast Harbor, Maine, was named for Daniel Coit Gilman, who was active in local educational affairs, but it was later rebuilt and christened Mount Desert High School.

Published works by Daniel Coit Gilman
 Scientific Schools in Europe, Hartford, 1856
 A Historical Discourse Delivered in Norwich, Connecticut, September 7, 1859, at the Bi-Centennial Celebration of the Settlement of the Town, Boston, 1859
 The Library of Yale College: Historical Sketch, New Haven, 1860
 Our National Schools of Science, Cambridge, 1867
 Statement of the Progress and Condition of the University of California, Berkeley, 1875
 James Monroe in His Relations to the Public Service During Half a Century, 1776–1826, Boston, 1883
 The Benefits Which Society Derives from Universities, Baltimore, 1885
 An Address Before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard University, July 1, 1886, Baltimore, 1886
 Development of the Public Library in America, Ithaca, 1891
 Our Relations to Our Other Neighbors, Baltimore, 1891
 The Johns Hopkins University from 1873 to 1893, Baltimore, 1893
 Recollections of the Life of John Glenn Who Died in Baltimore, March 30, 1896, Baltimore, 1896
 University Problems in the United States, New York, 1898
 Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville, introduction by Daniel Coit Gilman, New York, 1898
 The Life of James Dwight Dana, Scientific Explorer, Mineralogist, Geologist, Zoologist, Professor in Yale University, New York, 1899
 Memorial of Samuel de Champlain: Who Discovered the Island of Mt. Desert, Maine, September 5, 1604, Baltimore, 1904
 The Launching of a University and Other Papers, New York, 1906

Papers of Daniel Coit Gilman
The Papers of Daniel Coit Gilman were donated to Johns Hopkins University by Gilman's daughter Elisabeth, and are open on an unrestricted basis to the public at the Milton S. Eisenhower Library at Hopkins. Aside from many photographs of Gilman and his contemporaries, the papers include Gilman's correspondence with leading figures of the day, including Charles W. Eliot, Sidney Lanier, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry James, James Russell Lowell, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, William McKinley, Basil Gildersleeve, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, George Bancroft, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Huxley, Andrew Carnegie, Horace Greeley, Helen Keller, Louis Pasteur, Henry Ward Beecher, William Osler, W.E.B. Du Bois, Booker T Washington and others.

See also
 Daniel Coit Gilman Summer House
 Elisabeth Gilman
 Gilman School
 Gilman Hall
 Frances Benjamin Johnston
 Benjamin Silliman
 Theodore Dwight Woolsey
 Andrew Dickson White
 Skull and Bones

References

Further reading
 Francesco Cordasco (1973). The Shaping of American Graduate Education: Daniel Coit Gilman and the Protean Ph.D. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield. .

External links

 
 
 Daniel Coit Gilman papers – Finding aid for collection of Gilman papers at the Johns Hopkins University
  A Historical Discourse Delivered in Norwich, Connecticut, September 7, 1859, Bi-Centennial Celebration of the Settlement of the Town, Daniel Coit Gilman, Printed by George C. Rand & Avery, Boston, Mass., 1859
 
 Statue of Daniel Coit Gilman, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, monumentcity.org
 The Building of the University, An Inaugural Address, Delivered at Oakland, Nov. 7th, 1872, Daniel C. Gilman, President of the University of California
 The Graves-Gilman House, New Haven, Connecticut, Historic Buildings of Connecticut
 Daniel Coit Gilman HIstoric Marker, Bolton HIll Historic District, Baltimore, Maryland
 Inaugural Address of Daniel Coit Gilman as First President of Johns Hopkins University, February 22, 1876

1831 births
1908 deaths
American social activists
American male journalists
Journalists from California
People of Connecticut in the American Civil War
American Congregationalists
Gilman family of New Hampshire
People from Norwich, Connecticut
People from Northeast Harbor, Maine
American diplomats
American geographers
American librarians
American non-fiction writers
American biographers
American male biographers
American essayists
American encyclopedists
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Presidents of Johns Hopkins University
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Yale University faculty
University of California regents
American people of Welsh descent
American people of English descent
Socialist Party of America politicians from Maryland
Yale College alumni
Leaders of the University of California, Berkeley
American male essayists
Activists from California
Members of the American Antiquarian Society