Li Shangfu
Li Shangfu (; born February 1958) is a Chinese aerospace engineer and general of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Li is currently a State Councilor of the People's Republic of China and the Minister of National Defence since March 2023. He is also a member of the Central Military Commission (CMC).

He previously served as Deputy Commander of the PLA Strategic Support Force and Deputy Commander of the PLA General Armaments Department. He spent 31 years working at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, including 10 years as its director. He later served as head of the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission from 2017 to 2022.

Early life
Li Shangfu was born in February 1958 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, with his ancestral home in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province. He is the son of Li Shaozhu (), a Red Army veteran and former high-ranking officer of the PLA Railway Force. Li Shangfu joined the PLA when he entered the National University of Defense Technology in 1978. After graduating in 1982, he began working at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center as a technician. 

Li has a Doctor of Engineering in control theory and control engineering from Chongqing University.

Career 
In December 2003, he was promoted to Director (Commander) of the center at the age of 45. In 2006, he attained the rank of major general. In his ten years as director of the Xichang center, Li oversaw several rocket launches, including the launch of the Chang'e 2 lunar probe in October 2010.

After 31 years working in Xichang, Li was appointed Chief of Staff of the PLA General Armaments Department (GAD) in 2013, replacing Major General Shang Hong. A year later, he was made Deputy Director of the GAD.

 
In 2016, Li was appointed Deputy Commander of the newly established PLA Strategic Support Force, which is responsible for cyberspace, space, and other high-tech warfare. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general in the same year. In September 2017, Li was appointed Director of the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission, the successor department of the GAD, replacing General Zhang Youxia.

In October 2017, Li was elected a member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Central Military Commission 
In October 2022, he was elected as a member of the 20th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party. He ranked first among the members of the Central Military Commission.

On January 18, 2023, Li Shangfu attended the Central Military Commission promotion ceremony, and was appointed State Councilor and Minister of National Defense on March 12 of the same year, succeeding Wei Fenghe. According to The Diplomat, Li's promotion reflects Chinese attempts to prioritize aerospace in its defense modernization program, against a backdrop of increasing technological competition between China and the United States. 

On April 17, 2023, Li made his first overseas visit to Russia. As part of his four-day visit, he met with Russian president Vladimir Putin and Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu in Moscow. During his meeting, he stated the ties between China and Russia ‘surpass military-political alliances of the cold war era’. On April 28, he met with Indian Minister of Defence Rajnath Singh as part of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation defence ministers' meeting in New Delhi, India, making it the first visit to India by a Chinese Defence Minister since the 2020 border skirmishes between Indian and Chinese troops.

In June 2023, at the 2023 IISS Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore, Li made public comments stating that war with the US would be an unbearable disaster and that both the US and China needed to seek more common ground in the wake of recent escalations between the two countries.

Sanctions 
On 20 September 2018, Li Shangfu, along with the Equipment Development Department, were sanctioned by the U.S. government for "engaging in significant transactions with persons" sanctioned under CAATSA, namely for transactions that involved ″Russia's transfer to China of Su-35 combat aircraft and S-400 surface-to-air missile system-related equipment″. As a result, he is included in the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List. Despite the sanctions imposed on him by the United States, he would be allowed to conduct official meetings with his American counterparts although an exemption will not be issued to waive his sanction designation. On 21 May 2023, US President Joe Biden stated that his administration was considering lifting sanctions on Li, though later in press briefing on 22 May, US State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller stated that the United States is not considering lifting sanctions.

References

1958 births
Living people
People's Liberation Army generals from Sichuan
People from Chengdu
Members of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
National University of Defense Technology alumni
Chinese aerospace engineers
Engineers from Sichuan
State councillors of China
Ministers of National Defense of the People's Republic of China
Chinese individuals subject to U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions
Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List