David Olivier
David Olivier Whittier (born David Olivier; 11 March 1956) is a French and British philosopher and antispeciesist activist. He is founder of the French journal Cahiers antispécistes ("Antispeciesist Notebooks"), the annual event Veggie Pride and of the annual meeting Les Estivales de la question animale ("The Summers of the Animal Question"). Olivier is also the creator of the term "veggiephobia" and of numerous articles and conferences. He is an advocate of utilitarian and antinatauralist ethics, and defines himself politically as a progressive.

Early life 
David Olivier was born in London on 11 March 1956, to a French-teaching father and an American mother who was a painter. He mainly lived in London until 1967, after which he primarily lived in France. From childhood, he objected to the killing of animals for consumption. In adolescence, he was drawn to ecology, then to anarchism, devoting himself to anti-sexist and anti-racist activism. In Lyon, he was an activist for the French family planning and gay liberation movements. His focus on the importance of the "animal question" grew from the mid-1980s, as he moved away from anarchist and Marxist intellectual influences.

Antispeciesist activism 
Author of a leaflet initially distributed in Lyonnais libertarian circles from 1985, Olivier is considered one of the founding figures of the French antispeciesist movement. His meeting with Yves Bonnardel in 1986, made him aware of the existence of an active animal liberation movement in the English-speaking world. With Bonnardel, Françoise Blanchon, also present in Lyon squat circles, and two other activists, he produced the pamphlet Nous ne mangeons pas de viande pour ne pas tuer d'animaux ("We don't eat meat so we don't kill animals"). Being bilingual, Olivier was able to create some of the first translations of Peter Singer's works into French; introducing Singer to his fellow activists.

The concept of focusing the fight for animal rights around the ethical concept of antispeciesism lead Olivier, in 1989, soon joined by Françoise Blanchon and Yves Bonnardel, to found the journal Cahiers antispécistes. The journal remained, for a long period, the essential media supporting the antispeciesist movement in France. Oliver himself authored many of the journal's articles, in addition to creating French translations of the texts of Peter Singer, Tom Regan, Paola Cavalieri, James Rachels and Steve F. Sapontzis. He and the other co-founders of the journal were a decisive influence on Sébastien Arsac and Brigitte Gothière, future founders of the animal protection organization L214. Olivier left the editorial staff of Cahiers antispécistes in 2004, after the publication of issue 23.

In October 2001, in a bid to increase recognition of the refusal to eat animals, Olivier founded the first Veggie Pride in Paris, defining in his manifesto, the term "veggiephobia". Veggie Pride was intended to bring together people expressing their pride in refusing to eat animals (vegetarians and vegans) and denouncing the discrimination they feel they suffering their social life (community food for example) or in defense of their ideas. The event was exported to several French, European and North American cities, and organized its 18th Parisian event in 2018.

In 2002, Olivier organized the first meeting of Les Estivales de la question animal, an annual meeting of debate and reflection around the "animal question". This gathering of association leaders and theoreticians of the French-speaking animalist movement lead to the launch of the organization L214, the movement towards the legal abolition of meat and the creation of the French Animalist Party.

The publication of The Antispeciesist Revolution, by Presses Universitaires de France, containing for one third, a collection of Olivier's articles, met with relative media success. Renan Larue, as well as the critic Thierry Jacquet, consider the book's publication to be symbolic, by doing justice to the work of the editors of Cahiers antispécistes and granting the "animal question" the seriousness it deserves.

Philosophy 
Olivier opposes speciesism, which he defines in these terms: "Speciesism is to species as racism is to race and sexism is to sex: a discrimination based upon species, nearly always in favour of the members of the human species, Homo sapiens." He also contends that "species" do not exist and asserts that the concept is irrevocably essentialist and should be ontologically discarded in the same way that race has been for humans.

A utilitarian, Olivier considers that "the sole relevant criterion for taking into account the interests of a being is its being sentient and thus having interests", that is to say that they have feelings. For him, ethics is the science of the right answer to the question "what to do?", and therefore the consideration of the consequences of the actions envisaged from the point of view of sentient beings potentially affected. Olivier is also a hedonistic utilitarian. That is to say, he considers "it is these sensations, and they alone, which have a moral value, positive for happiness, negative for unhappiness; this value is independent of any other characteristic of the being that experiences them". The just act is therefore, according to him, that which puts the world in the best possible state, that is to say, the state in which sentient beings experience the most happiness and the least unhappiness.

Olivier is an antinaturalist, in that he considers nature not to exist, and that it has no reason to affect our ethical decisions. He also argues that the naturalization of animals is one of the determining factors of their domination. Olivier's antinaturalism is associated with his defense of interventions in favour of reducing wild animal suffering, and his rejection of environmentalism. His views have led him to be cited on numerous occasions in the works and forums of critics of antispeciesism.

Olivier defines himself as progressive, in that he considers significant progress in the state of the world to be possible, but does not describe himself as a revolutionary because he does not believe that such progress can be made in a "great evening".

Personal life
Olivier is an atheist. He has been married since 2008 and has two children, Héloïse (born 2009) and Emil (born 2015). In June 2020, Olivier was diagnosed with autism. In 2023, he legally added his mother's maiden name Whittier to his full name.

See also
 List of animal rights advocates

Selected publications

Articles published in books 
In Luc Ferry ou le rétablissement de l'ordre (tahin party ed., 2002):

 "Luc Ferry or restoration of order," (Cahiers antispécistes, no. 5, December 1992); Italian translation published in Etica & Animali a.VI, no. 1–2, 1993.
 "Strange Drive" (Cahiers antispécistes, no. 10, September 1994).

In Espèces et Éthique - Darwin: une (r)évolution à venir (ed. Tahin party, 2001):

 "Nature does not choose" (Cahiers antispécistes, no. 14, December 1996).
 "The species either do not exist" (Cahiers antispécistes, no. 11, December 1994).
 "Richard Dawkins' Selfless Selfishness" (original article).

In La Révolution antispéciste (ed. PUF, 2018):

 "What is speciesism?" (Informations et Réflexions libertaires, April 1991 and Cahiers antispécistes, no. 5, December 1992).
 "Towards a non-naturalist ecology? "(Cahiers antispécistes, no. 17, December 1999).
 "The species either do not exist" (Cahiers antispécistes, no. 11, December 1994).
 "On superiority" (original article).

Pamphlets 

 We don't eat meat so as not to kill animals (1989)

Other articles 

 "Why I am not environmentalist" (Cahiers antispécistes, no. 7, 1993).
 "Veggie Pride Manifesto", 2001.
 "Reflections on Veggie Pride" (Cahiers antispécistes, no. 21, 2002).
 "Rebuilding progressivism", interview by Martin Gibert appeared in Versus, no. 2, 2015.
 With Estiva Reus, "La science et la négation de la conscience animale - De l'importance du problème matière-esprit pour la cause animale" (Cahiers antispécistes, no. 26, 2005), published in English under the title "Mind-Matter for Animals Matters: Science and the Denial of Animal Consciousness" in Between the Species, vol. 13, 2011.

References

External links
 
 Cahiers antispécistes

1956 births
Living people
20th-century French philosophers
20th-century English philosophers
21st-century French philosophers
21st-century English philosophers
English animal rights activists
English people with disabilities
English animal rights scholars
British veganism activists
French animal rights activists
French writers with disabilities
French atheists
English atheists
French people of American descent
English people of American descent
English emigrants to France
People on the autism spectrum
Consequentialists
Hedonism
People from London
Utilitarians
British activists with disabilities
British writers with disabilities