Sýslumaður
(; plural:  ;  , , ) is a governmental office or title used in Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Norway.

The position originated in Norway in the Middle Ages, where it was used as a noble title, and the  was granted a fief called a sýsla (plural: ) in which he was responsible for collecting tolls, taxes and fines, upholding the law and military defences. He was also to hold courts of justice and name men to sit on juries. He sometimes also assigned fiefs to a lensmann. The system was established in the 12th century by Sverre of Norway to help consolidate his power following the Battle of Fimreite. As Norse influence spread, so did the  system, reaching into Iceland and the Faroe Islands, as well as Orkney and Shetland.

Today, a  or  (often translated into English as 'district commissioner', 'sheriff', 'magistrate', or 'governor') handles a variety of governmental responsibilities in Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and the Svalbard archipelago in Norway.

Iceland 
The office of  was established in Iceland when the country submitted to the King of Norway in 1262–1264 and royal authority was invested in  to oversee the island's 12 . Appointed by the King of Norway, it was possible for a single  to oversee up to a quarter of the island through representatives stations through his assigned . In 1375 a group of prominent Icelanders declared they would no longer accept non-native , nor royal amendments not sanctioned by the Alþingi.

Currently there are nine district commissioners that manage several types of public services in their districts, including collecting taxes outside of the capital area, handling civil marriages, inheritance, child custody and issuing various permits.

Faroe Islands 
As in Iceland, the  system was brought to the Faroe Islands in the 13th century as the Norwegian king exerted greater influence over the islands. Traditionally, there were six , one for each .

Today,  are the modern district sheriffs appointed to three-year terms. In line with Danish police reform efforts, as of 1 January 2009, the number of  was reduced to four, overseeing three police districts. Initially, the Danish National Police wanted to stop using the term , but it was deemed not possible as the  are more than police, performing a range of tasks for the Faroese government, the courts, and the Danish High Commissioner.

One of the tasks of the  is to decide whether or not a pod of pilot whales that has been spotted should be slaughtered and, if so, into which bay the boats should drive the pod. This is decided together with the , who leads the pilot whale hunt.

Svalbard 
In Norway, the term  is used for the Governor of Svalbard; however, after 1 July 2021, it was replaced by the gender-neutral term  as part of Norwegian effort to ensure that governmental terms are not distinctly masculine or feminine. In English, both  and  are translated as 'governor'.

From 1931 to 1933, the term  was also used for the governor of Erik the Red's Land, Norway's claim on eastern Greenland.

References 

Government agencies of Iceland
Law enforcement in Iceland
Law enforcement in the Faroe Islands
Society of Norway
Norwegian nobility