Carl Flesch
Carl Flesch (born Károly Flesch, 9 October 1873 – 14 November 1944) was a Hungarian violinist and teacher. Flesch’s compendium Scale System is a staple of violin pedagogy.

Life and career
Flesch was born in Moson (now part of Mosonmagyaróvár) in Hungary in 1873. He began playing the violin at seven years of age. At 10 he was taken to Vienna to study with Jakob Grün. At 17 he left for Paris, and joined the Conservatoire de Paris, studying with Martin Pierre Marsick. He settled in 1903 in Amsterdam, in 1908 in Berlin, and in 1934 in London.

He was known for his solo performances in a very wide range of repertoire (from Baroque music to contemporary), gaining fame as a chamber music performer. He also taught in Bucharest (1897–1902), Amsterdam (1903–08), Philadelphia (1924–28) and Berlin (Hochschule fuer Musik, 1929–34). He published a number of instructional books, including Die Kunst des Violin-Spiels (The Art of Violin Playing, 1923) in which he advocated for the violinist as artist rather than merely virtuoso. Among his pupils were Charles Barkel, Edwin Bélanger, Norbert Brainin, Felix Galimir, Bronislaw Gimpel, Ivry Gitlis, Szymon Goldberg,  Ida Haendel, Zvi (Heinrich) Haftel, Josef Hassid, Adolf Leschinski, Alma Moodie, Ginette Neveu, Yfrah Neaman, Ricardo Odnoposoff, Eric Rosenblith, Max Rostal, Henryk Szeryng, Henri Temianka, Roman Totenberg and Josef Wolfsthal, all of whom achieved considerable fame as both performers and pedagogues. He said his favorite pupil was the Australian Alma Moodie, who achieved great fame in the 1920s and 1930s but made no recordings and is little known today. In his memoirs he said, "there was above all Henry [i.e., Henri] Temianka, who did great credit to the [Curtis] Institute: both musically and technically, he possessed a model collection of talents." 

One of Flesch's few recordings is a highly distinguished interpretation of Bach's great D minor Double Violin Concerto (Columbia) in which he played second violin to the great Joseph Szigeti, with Walter Goehr conducting an anonymous London string orchestra in the late 1930s.

He was consulted (as was Oskar Adler) by Louis Krasner over technical difficulties in Alban Berg's Violin Concerto, which Krasner was to premiere.

He owned the Brancaccio Stradivarius, but had to sell it in 1931 after losing all his money on the New York Stock Exchange.

Because of his Jewish origins, Flesch had to move to London during the 1930s, and was later arrested by the Gestapo in the Netherlands, was released thanks to Furtwängler's intervention, and died in Lucerne, Switzerland, in November 1944.

References 

 Carl Flesch: The Memoirs of Carl Flesch (trans. Hans Keller and ed. by him in collaboration with C.F.Flesch); foreword by Max Rostal (1957).
 Carl Flesch: The Art Of Violin Playing, Books 1 & 2 Translated & Edited by Eric Rosenblith. New York: Carl Fischer Music © Edition 
 Boris Schwarz: Great Masters of the Violin; foreword by Yehudi Menuhin. New York: Simon and Schuster © 1983.

External links 
 Flesch Károly Violin Competition
 A page on Flesch by José Sánchez-Penzo
 
 
 Carl Flesch Archive in the Netherlands Music Institute, with biography
 

1873 births
1944 deaths
People from Mosonmagyaróvár
Hungarian Jews
Austro-Hungarian Jews
Hungarian classical violinists
Male classical violinists
Hungarian music educators
Violin pedagogues
Jewish violinists
Expatriates from Austria-Hungary in the Netherlands
Expatriates from Austria-Hungary in Germany