Vladimir Ashkenazy
Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazy (, Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazi; born ) is an internationally recognized solo pianist, chamber music performer, and conductor. He is originally from Russia and has held Icelandic citizenship since 1972, and Swiss citizenship later. He has lived in Switzerland since 1978. Ashkenazy has collaborated with well-known orchestras and soloists. In addition, he has recorded a large repertoire of classical and romantic works. His recordings have earned him five Grammy awards and Iceland's Order of the Falcon.

Early life 
Vladimir Ashkenazy was born in Gorky, Soviet Union (now Nizhny Novgorod, Russia), to pianist and composer David Ashkenazi and to actress Yevstolia Grigorievna (born Plotnova). His father was Jewish and his mother came from a Russian Orthodox family. Ashkenazy was christened in a Russian Orthodox church. He began playing piano at the age of six and was accepted to the Central Music School at age eight, studying with Anaida Sumbatyan.

Education
Ashkenazy attended the Moscow Conservatory where he studied with Lev Oborin and Boris Zemliansky.  He won second prize in the V International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1955 and the first prize in the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition in Brussels in 1956. He shared the first prize in the 1962 International Tchaikovsky Competition with British pianist John Ogdon. As a student, like many in that period, he was harassed by the KGB to become an "informer".

Personal life

In 1961, he married the Iceland-born Þórunn Jóhannsdóttir, who studied piano at the Moscow Conservatory. To marry Ashkenazy, Þórunn was forced to give up her Icelandic citizenship and declare that she wanted to live in the USSR. Her name is usually transliterated as "Thorunn"; her nickname was Dódý, so she is called Dódý Ashkenazy.

After numerous bureaucratic procedures, the Soviet authorities agreed to allow the Ashkenazys to visit the West for musical performances and for visits to his parents-in-law with their first grandson. In his memoirs, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev recollected that Ashkenazy had married an Englishwoman and on a visit to London refused to return to the Soviet Union.  Khrushchev mentioned that Ashkenazy then sought advice from the Soviet Embassy in London, who in turn referred the matter to Moscow. Khrushchev said he was of the opinion that to require Ashkenazy to return to the USSR would have made him an "Anti-Soviet". He further said that this was a good example of an artist being able to come and go in and out of the USSR freely, which Ashkenazy said was a gross "distortion of the truth". In 1963, Ashkenazy decided to leave the USSR permanently, establishing residence in London, where his wife's parents lived.

The couple moved to Iceland in 1968 where, in 1972, Ashkenazy became an Icelandic citizen. In 1970 he helped to found the Reykjavík Arts Festival, of which he remains Honorary President.  In 1978 the couple and their (then) four children (Vladimir Stefan, Nadia Liza, Dimitri Thor, and Sonia Edda) moved to Lucerne, Switzerland. Their fifth child, Alexandra Inga, was born in 1979. Beginning in 1989, Ashkenazy resided in Meggen, Switzerland, on Lake Lucerne. His eldest son Vladimir, who uses his nickname 'Vovka' as a stage name, is a pianist, as well as a teacher at the Imola International Piano Academy. His second son, Dimitri, is a clarinetist.

Critical reception 

The Guardian wrote in 2018 that Ashkenazy conducted pieces by Prokofiev and Glière as if he was "born to do it" during a concert series that explored the musical response to the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, including composer Alexander Mosolov's Iron Foundry (1927) and the suite from The Red Poppy, a ballet with music by Glière.

Career 

Ashkenazy has recorded a wide range of piano repertoire, both solo works and concerti.  His recordings include:
 Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier
 Bach's French Suites 
 24 Preludes and Fugues of Shostakovich
 complete sonatas by Beethoven
 complete sonatas by Scriabin
 the complete works for piano by Rachmaninoff
 the complete works for solo piano by Chopin
 the (almost) complete works for piano by Schumann
His concerto recordings include:
 the complete piano concertos of Mozart (conducting from the keyboard with the Philharmonia Orchestra)
 three cycles of the 5 Beethoven concerti
(a) with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Sir Georg Solti
(b) with Zubin Mehta and the Vienna Philharmonic
(c) conducting from the piano with the Cleveland Orchestra
  Brahms with Bernard Haitink (No. 1 with the Concertgebouw Orchestra; No. 2 with the Vienna Philharmonic)
 Bartók (with Georg Solti and the London Philharmonic Orchestra)
 Prokofiev (with André Previn and the London Symphony Orchestra)
 two cycles of the Rachmaninoff concerti
(a) with André Previn and the London Symphony Orchestra
(b) with Bernard Haitink and the Concertgebouw Orchestra

In public piano performances, Ashkenazy was known for rejecting a tie and button shirt in favor of a white turtleneck and for running (not walking) onstage and offstage. He has also performed and recorded chamber music. Moreover, Ashkenazy has had an acclaimed collaborative career, including an acclaimed recording of Beethoven's complete violin sonatas with Itzhak Perlman, as well as the cello sonatas with Lynn Harrell, and the piano trios with Harrell and Perlman.

Midway through his international pianistic career, Ashkenazy branched into conducting.  In Europe, Ashkenazy was principal conductor of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra from 1987 to 1994, and of the Czech Philharmonic from 1998 to 2003.  Ashkenazy is also conductor laureate of the Philharmonia Orchestra, conductor laureate of the Iceland Symphony Orchestra, and music director of the European Union Youth Orchestra.  In July 2013 he became director of the Accademia Pianistica Internazionale di Imola, succeeding its founder and director Franco Scala.  His recordings as a conductor include complete cycles of the symphonies of Sibelius and of Rachmaninoff, as well as orchestral works of Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Scriabin, Richard Strauss, Stravinsky, Beethoven, and Tchaikovsky.

Outside of Europe, Ashkenazy served as music director of the NHK Symphony Orchestra from 2004 to 2007.  He was chief conductor of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra from 2009 to 2013.

Ashkenazy has recorded for Decca since 1963; in 2013, Decca celebrated his 50th anniversary with the label with the box set 'Vladimir Ashkenazy: 50 Years on Decca', including 50 of Ashkenazy's recordings as both pianist and conductor. As part of Ashkenazy's 80th birthday celebrations, Decca is releasing the 'Complete Piano Concerto Recordings' and 'Ashkenazy on Vinyl' in July 2017. In other media, Ashkenazy has also appeared in several films on music by Christopher Nupen. He interpreted the soundtrack of the film Piano Forest: works from the repertoire of Bach, Mozart, Chopin and Beethoven. He has also made his own orchestration of Modest Mussorgsky's piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition (1982).  There has been a CD produced of his works named 'The Art of Ashkenazy', and a biography of Ashkenazy, 'Beyond Frontiers', has been published.

On 17 January 2020 the artist management agency Harrison Parrott announced Ashkenazy's retirement from public performance.

Awards and recognition
1955 V International Chopin Piano Competition, Warsaw (Second prize)
1956 Queen Elisabeth Music Competition for piano, Brussels
1962 International Tchaikovsky Competition, Moscow (shared with John Ogdon)
2000 Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award, with the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra conducting corps
Current president of the Rachmaninoff Society.
 Elgar Medal, 2019
2014 Sergei Rachmaninov International Award
Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra)
1974 Beethoven: The Piano Concertos (Vladimir Ashkenazy, Sir Georg Solti & Chicago Symphony Orchestra)

Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance
1979 Beethoven: Sonatas for Violin and Piano (Itzhak Perlman & Vladimir Ashkenazy)
1982 Tchaikovsky: Piano Trio in A minor (Vladimir Ashkenazy, Itzhak Perlman, Lynn Harrell)
1988 Beethoven: The Complete Piano Trios (Vladimir Ashkenazy, Itzhak Perlman, Lynn Harrell)

Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist Performance
1986 Ravel: Gaspard de la nuit; Pavane pour une infante défunte; Valses nobles et sentimentales
2000 Shostakovich: 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 87

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987. 

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| 2012
| Elgar: The Dream of Gerontius (with Sydney Symphony Orchestra)
| Best Classical Album
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Bibliography

References

External links

1937 births
Living people
Musicians from Nizhny Novgorod
20th-century conductors (music)
21st-century conductors (music)
20th-century Russian male musicians
21st-century Russian male musicians
Russian classical pianists
Soviet defectors
Male classical pianists
Icelandic conductors (music)
Icelandic expatriates in the United Kingdom
Grammy Award winners
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music
Moscow Conservatory alumni
Prize-winners of the International Chopin Piano Competition
Prize-winners of the International Tchaikovsky Competition
Prize-winners of the Queen Elisabeth Competition
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Berlin
Soviet emigrants to Switzerland
Naturalised citizens of Iceland
Icelandic emigrants to Switzerland
People from Lucerne
Emigrants from the Soviet Union
Immigrants to Iceland
Jewish classical pianists
Russian emigrants to Iceland
Russian emigrants to Switzerland
Soviet Jews
Russian Ashkenazi Jews