List of capitals of India
This is a list of locations which have served as the capital city of major historical empires  in the Indian subcontinent as well as the modern day nation of India since 1858. The current capital city of the Indian Republic is New Delhi, which replaced Calcutta in 1911.

Ancient period

 Rajgir : Initial capital of the Magadha Empire from 6th century BCE to 460 BCE, called Girivraj at the time. 
 Pataliputra: Capital of the Magadha Empire under the following dynasties:
Nanda dynasty
 Maurya dynasty
Gupta dyansty
 Pataliputra also served as the capital of the Pala Empire for a brief period.
 Begram and Mathura: Summer and winter capitals respectively of the Kushan Empire
 Dharanikota near Amaravati and Pratishthānapura: Capitals of Satavahana Empire
Srikakulam, Krishna district: Capital of Satavahana dynasty
Kandapura: Capital of Ananda Gotrika
Rajahmundry: Capital of Eastern Chalukya Kingdom, Reddi Kingdom
Vangipuram or Peddavegi: Capital of Salankayana dynasty and Eastern Chalukya Kingdom
Vijayapuri South or Nagarjunakonda: Capital of Andhra Ikshvakus
Kalinganagara (modern Mukhalingam): Capital of Eastern Ganga dynasty
Kannauj: Capital of Harshavardhana's short-lived empire; also of Pratiharas.
 Manyakheta, Avanti: Capitals of Rashtrakuta dynasty and Pratihara Empire respectively.
Gadhipur: center of administration of the Gupta dynasty. Capital under Jamwal kings Gaadhi and Vishvamitra.
 Karur: Capital of Cheras
Dharapuram: Capital of Kongu Nadu
 Puhar: Capital of Early Cholas.
 Madurai: Capital of Pandyas
 Gauḍa: Capital of Pala dynasty along with Pataliputra
 Sigal: First capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
 Taxila: Second capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
 Mathura: Third capital of the Sakas 70bce-400
 Sagala: Capital of the Indo-Greeks
 Bhinmal: Capital of Gurjara Empire

 Jaunpur: Capital of Sharqī dynasty (1394–1479).

Medieval period

Daulatabad: In 1327, Indian, under Muhammad ibn Tughluq (r. 1325-1351), forcibly moved the entire population of Delhi here, for two years, before it was abandoned due to lack of water.
Ghor: Capital of  Ghurid Sultanate
 Budaun: Capital of Iltutmish empire.
 Agra: Capital of Sikandar Lodi at the time of the Lodhi dynasty. Sultan Sikandar Lodī (1488–1517) was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in 1506.
 Vijayanagara: Capital of Vijayanagara Empire from 1571 until 1585, when it was abandoned, ostensibly due to lack of water.
 Kanchipuram Capital of Pallavas
 Thanjavur: Capital of Cholas
 Allahabad: The city was a provincial capital in the Mughal Empire and was the headquarters of Jahangir from 1599 to 1604.
 Murshidabad: In 1704, nawab Murshid Quli Khan changed the seat of government from Dhaka to Murshidabad, renaming it after himself.
 Pune: In 1730, Pune became the capital of the Marathas of the Maratha Empire.At this time Maratha Empire was at its peak, and became the only non-mughal capital.
Munger: Mir Qasim Ali, the Nawab of Bengal (from 1760 to 1764). In 1763, Quasim shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Munger.
Patna: Sher Shah Suri's capital for a brief period of 5 years
Hanamkonda and Warangal: Capital of Kakatiya Dynasty
Addanki: Capital of Reddy Kingdom
Cochin (1505–1510)
Old Goa (1510–1843)
Nova Goa (1843–1961)
Pulicat: capital of Dutch Coromandel until 1690 (1610–1690; 1781–1795)
Nagapatnam: capital of Tanjore district from 1799 to 1845 under Madras Presidency of the British.
Pondicherry: capital of Puducherry union territory during French India.

Modern period
 In 1858, Allahabad (now Prayagraj) became the capital of India for a day when it also served as the capital of North-Western Provinces.
 During the British Raj, until 1911, Calcutta was the capital of India.
By the latter half of the 19th century, Shimla had become the summer capital.
 King George V proclaimed the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi at the climax of the 1911 Delhi Durbar on 12 December 1911. The buildings housing the Viceroy, government, and parliament were inaugurated in early 1931.

References

 Lists of cities in India
India
India history-related lists
India