Nato.0+55+3d
NATO.0+55+3d was an application software for realtime video and graphics, released by 0f0003 Maschinenkunst and the Netochka Nezvanova collective in 1999 for the classic Mac OS operating system.

Being one of the earliest applications to allow realtime video manipulation and display, it was used by artists for a large variety of purposes, prominently for live performance, VJing and interactive installation.

Design
Running in the framework of Max (a visual programming interface for rapid prototyping and developing of audio software), NATO.0+55+3d extended Max by allowing to access and manipulate all the media types that QuickTime supports (films, images, 3D models, QuickTime VR, etc.). The functionalities included image generation, image processing, control over MIDI and numerical data, integration with Internet, 3D, text and sound.

History
At the time of its release (the summer of 1999), NATO.0+55+3d was in demand as it appeared several years before other similar infrastructures such as GEM and Jitter (released by the makers of Max/MSP in October 2002). Earlier software such as Image/ine developed in 1997 at STEIM was drawing in a similar direction, but the fact that NATO.0+55+3d was operating inside the Max/MSP framework, using its "visual programming" protocol, provided at the same time greater ease of use and more flexibility, allowing the user to create his own applications and tools. It gained popularity among video artists and performers, who were using it for a large variety of purposes, prominently for live performance and interactive installation.

The last version of NATO.0+55+3d modular was released in November 2000, while additional NATO objects were developed until June 2001.

Version history

Applications
Artists used the software to "manipulate video for live performance and installations" (Mieszkowski 2002). The flexibility of the interface provided artists with "a uniquely suitable environment for the creation of new synesthesiac applications and experiences" (Meta 2001) and "opened up tremendous possibillities for working with realtime video" (Gilje 2005).

As NATO was distributed with a software development kit, several artists and programmers created third party extensions (e.g. the PeRColate and Auvi object libraries), or developed entire applications based on NATO.

NATO.0+55 pilots
Some of the most prominent users of NATO.0+55:

 242.pilots  (Kurt Ralske, HC Gilje, Lukasz Lysakowski) –  live video improvisation ensemble, winners of the Transmediale award 2003 in the category "Image" for their video performance DVD Live In Bruxelles, released on the Carpark imprint in November 2002. 
 Farmers Manual  –  the Austrian collective was among the first artists to integrate NATO visuals into their performances. Their twelve-hour performance "Help Us Stay Alive", which was presented and awarded at FCMM festival in Montreal, October 1999, was using the NATO software. The group held a max/nato/pd workshop at Avanto festival in 2001.
  fiftyfifty.org  –  media art collective based in Barcelona. Its members Pedro Soler and Mia Makela (aka SOLU) were very active promoters of NATO, organizing numerous workshops and using the software in live performance. 
  Johnny Dekam  –  founder of VIDVOX. Used NATO to create 'Revision History', an artistic software that autonomously downloads and transforms images from the Library of Congress' Database.  His commercial VJing software VDMX (released in 2001) was originally based on NATO.0+55. 
  The Builders Association  –  American multimedia theater company. Used NATO for their piece Xtravaganza, performed in 2000 at the Whitney Museum of American Art and the New York Guggenheim Museum. During the piece, "live actors [were] keyed into old movie footage". 
    –  Japanese audiovisual duo (Jun Horikiri and Taeji Sawai). Made extensive use of NATO.0+55 in their video installations and live shows, at locations including ISEA, sónar and ICC Tokyo. Gave a NATO workshop at Kyushu Institute of Design in 2001. 
 N3krozoft Ltd  –  This multimedia art collective was using NATO.0+55 in live performances and video installations up to 2004.
  Fork Unstable Media  –  German design team. Did an installation using NATO at Sónar 2000 (Barcelona Museum of Modern Art). Created shprootC3ll, a freeware videomixer built with NATO, in 1999. 
  John Dekron  –  developed the first version of his commercial VJing software ES_5 (now ES_X) with NATO. 
  Meta  –  produced numerous videos and internet applications built with NATO. 
  Rene Beekman – used NATO.0+55 in a number of collaborative performance projects, including Route (premiered December 2000 at the opening night of the Amsterdam World Wide Video Festival) with Bruce Gremo, and with Xavier van Wersch at Dot Nu (September 2001, Amsterdam and Rotterdam, The Netherlands) and at the International Media Art Festival, Kiev, Ukraine (2002).

Workshops
Significant workshops centered on the use of NATO.0+55+3d were held from 2000 through 2002 at many art institutions and festivals:

Workshops held in 2000 

 Bergen (BEK, August 2000)
 Paris (IRCAM, October 2000)
 Rotterdam (DEAF_00 festival, November 2000)

Workshops held in 2001 

 Sheffield (Lovebytes festival, March 2001)
 New York (Harvestworks, April 2001)
 Leipzig (HGB, Mai 2001)
 Amsterdam (STEIM, Mai and December 2001)
 Barcelona (Hangar, June 2001), Stralsund (Garage, August 2001)
 Paris (Betaville, August 2001)
 Helsinki (Avanto, November 2001)
 Fukuoka/Japan (Kyushu Institute of Design, November 2001)

Workshops held in 2002 

 Stuttgart (XML, January 2002)
 Amsterdam (STEIM, April 2002)
 Paris (Villette Numérique, September 2002)
 Berlin (Underscan, September 2002)
 Newcastle/Australia (Electrofringe, October 2002)

References

Bibliography
 
 
 
 
 
 Nezvanova, Netochka (1999). "NATO.0+55: An Internet, Audio, Video, VR, 2-D, and 3-D Graphics Environment for the IRCAM/Opcode Max Programming Language". 0f0003 Arkiv 247:1-8.

External links
  - author's web site.
  - first public announcement of NATO.0+55 on the PD-ot mailing-list, June 21, 1999.
  - archive of IRCAM's NATO distribution page, Mai 2001.
 Video of a NATO.0+55 workshop held at the end of 2000 - workshop leader: Johnny Dekam.

Macintosh-only software
3D graphics software
Live video software
Visual programming languages
Works published under a pseudonym
1999 software