RLP may refer to:

Medicine and chemistry 
 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate enolase, an enzyme
 Regional limb perfusion, a method of medication delivery in animals.
 Round Ligament Pain, a pain of the round ligament of uterus

Computing 
 Radio Link Protocol, an automatic repeat request fragmentation protocol used over a wireless (typically cellular) air interface
 RLP (complexity), the complexity class of problems solvable by a probabilistic machine in logarithmic space and polynomial time with one-sided error

Other uses
 Rashtriya Loktantrik Party, an independent political party in India.
 Reel Life Productions, an independent record label founded by rapper Esham
 Rhineland-Palatinate, a federal state of the Federal Republic of Germany
 Riverside Long Playing, serial number for Riverside Records LP albums
 Rohingya Liberation Party, Rakhine State, Myanmar