William Earnshaw (1852 – 29 December 1931) was a New Zealand Member of Parliament for two Dunedin electorates representing the Liberal Party. He later served on the Legislative Council. He was one of the first labour representatives in Parliament.

Early life
'Plain Bill' Earnshaw was born in Manchester, England. He received his education in his home town and showed considerable ability at school. He trained as an all-round mechanic after his schooling. Aged 21, he left for the United States, where he spent two years. He visited Australia and came to New Zealand in 1878. He first settled in Christchurch and worked at the Addington Railway Workshops. He married Gwendoline Marie Payne in Christchurch on 21 July 1880. He moved to Dunedin in 1881, where he was a brass-founder at Anderson and Morrisons.

Political career

In , Earnshaw contested the  electorate against the incumbent, William Larnach. He supported female suffrage and prohibition, and was opposed to selling the railways. Earnshaw's victory made him a national figure, one of the new breed of working-class MPs. Earnshaw represented the Peninsula electorate until the end of the term in 1893, and then the City of Dunedin electorate (–1896) in the House of Representatives. A strong prohibitionist, Earnshaw became one of Sir Robert Stout's few consistent supporters in Parliament after 1893. This put him off-side with Premier Richard Seddon.

Earnshaw came seventh in the three-member Dunedin electorate in the . He came eighth in the three-member  electorate in the .

Earnshaw was appointed to the Legislative Council in 1913 and served until his death in 1931.

Life outside parliament
After his 1899 defeat, Earnshaw moved to Gillespies Beach near Fox Glacier, where he was involved in dredging. He later took employment with the Wellington Harbour Board prior to his appointment to the Legislative Council.

He died on 29 December 1931 at Wellington Hospital after a short illness. He was survived by his wife and two sons. His wife died in 1947, and both are buried at Karori Cemetery.

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1852 births
1931 deaths
New Zealand Liberal Party MPs
Independent MPs of New Zealand
Members of the New Zealand Legislative Council
New Zealand businesspeople
Businesspeople in metals
British emigrants to the Colony of New Zealand
Politicians from Manchester
New Zealand temperance activists
New Zealand MPs for Dunedin electorates
Burials at Karori Cemetery
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1896 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1899 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1905 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1902 New Zealand general election
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
19th-century New Zealand politicians