The Southern Aurora was an overnight express passenger train that operated between Australia's two largest cities, Sydney and Melbourne. First-class throughout, including the dining facilities, the Southern Aurora featured all-sleeper accommodation. The train first ran on 13 April 1962 after the opening of the North East standard gauge line from Melbourne to Albury, eliminating the break-of-gauge between the capital cities.

A fleet of 34 stainless steel carriages was jointly purchased by the Department of Railways New South Wales and Victorian Railways featuring fluted sides and consisted of roomette and twinette sleepers, lounge cars and diners. A motorail service was added from July 1973 which enabled passengers to travel and take their cars.

On 7 February 1969, the train was involved in the Violet Town railway disaster, when the southbound Southern Aurora collided head on with a northbound freight train, resulting in eight deaths and the destruction of two S class locomotives and seven carriages.

With declining passenger numbers, it was decided to combine the Spirit of Progress and Southern Aurora into one train, the Sydney/Melbourne Express. The Southern Aurora ran for the last time on 2 August 1986.

After the demise of sleeper trains in the early 1990s, many of the carriages passed to the Australian Railway Historical Society, Canberra Railway Museum and New South Wales Rail Transport Museum (now the NSW Rail Museum) who have maintained them in operational condition. The latter often operates them on tours under the Southern Aurora banner. 

From December 2017, four NAM Twinette carriages were restored at the Lithgow State Mine Heritage Park & Railway on behalf of Vintage Rail Journeys. From September 2019, two LAN Roomette carriages, one NAM Twinette carriage and one MHN Luggage were restored at Goulburn Locomotive Roundhouse on behalf of Vintage Rail Journeys.

See also
Intercapital Daylight
Spirit of Progress
Sydney/Melbourne Express

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Discontinued railway services in Australia
Interstate rail in Australia
Named passenger trains of Australia
Night trains of Australia
Railway services introduced in 1962
Railway services discontinued in 1986
1962 establishments in Australia
1986 disestablishments in Australia