Vrba (Czech feminine: Vrbová) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
 Cenek J. Vrba (born 1947), Czechoslovak violinist and concertmaster
 Elisabeth Vrba (born 1942), American paleontologist
 Ivan Vrba (born 1977), Czech track cyclist
 Jan Vrba (bobsledder) (born 1982), Czech bobsledder
 Jan Vrba (politician) (1937–2020), Czech politician
 Pavel Vrba (born 1963), Czech football manager
 Rudolf Vrba (1924–2006), Holocaust survivor and co-author of the Vrba-Wetzler report

See also
 

Czech-language surnames
Slovak-language surnames