This article serves as a list of the political parties in Spain.

Spain has a multi-party system at both the national and regional level, the major parties nationwide being the People's Party (PP), the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Vox (VOX) and Sumar (SMR).

Spain was formerly considered to have a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP; however, the current makeup has no formation or coalition with enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate). Regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities, notably Catalonia and the Basque Country, and are often essential for national government coalitions.

National political formations of Spain
People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) — mainstream centre-right party, that is conservative, Catholic and economically liberal and which conforms the largest group in Congress and Senate and leads the parliamentary opposition. The People's Party originates from the People's Alliance (Alianza Popular, AP) refoundation in 1989. The party has governed from 1996 to 2004 and from 2011 to 2018. 
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) — mainstream centre-left social democratic party linked to General Union of Workers (Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT) trade union. The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC) acts as the party's instance in Catalonia. The party has governed from 1982 to 1996, from 2004 to 2011 and since 2018, currently taking part of a caretaker government.
Vox — a right-wing to far-right party that split from the People's Party in 2014; their main ideologies are social and national conservatism, economic liberalism and centralism (i.e. strong opposition to Spain's peripheral nationalisms). Vox opposes LGBT movements in Spain while endorsing anti-LGBT rhetoric abroad, rejects european federalism and defends narrowing the naturalisation of immigrant individuals of Maghrebi origin. It has allied to other right-wing to far-right political parties from Latin America, Italian Brothers of Italy and Hungarian Fidesz.
Sumar — a left-wing and progressive electoral platform established in 2022, constituted as an instrumental political party. It conforms an alliance of left-wing formations, some of them formerly comprising the Unidas Podemos and Más País political alliances, including nationwide Podemos, United Left, Más Madrid, Greens Equo and regional Compromís, Chunta and Batzarre, among others. Some of its members, formerly part of Unidas Podemos, take part of the current caretaker government.
Citizens (Ciudadanos, Cs) — a centre-right liberal and Spanish nationalist party. It supports a high degree of political decentralization, but it rejects autonomous communities' right to self-determination. Once the third-largest force in Congress, its popular support sharply declined in the November 2019 general election. The party has established an electoral alliance with PP in the Basque Country. It didn't contest the latest general elections.

Political parties with parliamentary representation

Represented in Cortes Generales

Represented in regional parliaments

Political parties without representation 
 Animalist Party with the Environment (Partido Animalista Con el Medio Ambiente, PACMA) (2003–present)
 Falange Española de las JONS (1976–present) 
 Libertarian Party (Partido Libertario) (2009–present)
 Escaños en Blanco [es] (2010–present)
 For a Fairer World (Por un Mundo Más Justo, PM+J) (2004–present) 
 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) (2014–present) 
 The Greens–Green Group (Los Verdes–Grupo Verde) (1994–present) 
 Humanist Party (Partido Humanista) (1984–present)
 Carlist Party (Partido Carlista) (1970–present) 
 Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista [es] (1986–present)
 Pirate Party (Partido Pirata) (2006–present)
 Internet Party (Partido de Internet) (2009–present) 
 Authentic Phalanx (Falange Auténtica) (2002–present)
 Confederation of the Greens (Confederación de los Verdes) (1984–present)
 Anticapitalists (Anticapitalistas) (1995–present) 
 Overwhelmed and Annoyed Citizens
 Citizens for Blank Votes (Ciudadanos en Blanco) (2002–2022)
 Cannabis Party (Partido Cannabis por la Legalización y la Normalización) (2003–present)
 Party of the Democratic Karma (Partido del Karma Democrático) (2000–present)
 Alianza para el Desarrollo y la Naturaleza
 Iniciativa Socialista de Izquierdas
 Los Parados
 The Eco-pacifist Greens (Los Verdes Ecopacifistas) (1988–present)
 Nueva Izquierda Verde
 Nuevo Partido por la Democracia
 Partido Familia y Vida 
 Actúa (2017–present) 
 Partido de los Autónomos Jubilados y Viudas
 Republican Alternative (Alternativa Republicana) (2013–present) 
 Partido Ibérico 
 Partido Mutuo Apoyo Romántico
 Solidaridad y Autogestión Internacionalista (SAIn) 
 Foro Centro y Democracia (CYD) 
 National Bolshevik Party (Partido Nacional Bolquevique) 
 Muerte al Sistema (+MAS+)
 SOMOS España
 Volt Spain (2018–present)
 Workers' Front

Communist parties 
 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) (1973–present)
 Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) (1973–present)
 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) (1984–present)
 Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist) (2006–present)
 Revolutionary Left (2017–present)
 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) (2019–present)
 Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) (1980–present)
 Internationalist Struggle (LI) (1999–present)
 Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) (PML(RC)) (2014–present)

Nationalist parties 
 National Democracy (1995–present)
 España 2000 (2002–present)
 Spanish Alternative (2003–present)
 National Alliance (Alianza Nacional) (2006–present) 
 Party for Freedom (2013–present)

Regionalist parties

Andalusia 
 Partido Regionalista por Andalucía Oriental (PRAO) [es]

Asturias 
 Partíu Asturianista  (1985–present)
 Andecha Astur (1990–present)
 Asturian Left (1992–present)
 Unidad Regionalista Asturiana
 Bloc for Asturias (2003–present)
 Coalición Asturiana
 Unidá (2007–present)

Basque Country 
 Zutik 
 Zornotza Eginez (local)

Cantabria 
 Cantabrian Nationalist Council (1995–present)

Castile and León 
 Partido de El Bierzo (1979–present) 
 Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (1980–present)
 Unidad Regionalista de Castilla y León (1992–present)
 Izquierda Castellana (2002–present)
 Agrupación de Electores Independientes Zamoranos
 Partido de Castilla y León (PCAL) [es]

Catalonia 
 Estat Català (1922–present)
 Pirate Party of Catalonia (2010–present)
 National Front of Catalonia (2013–present)

Extremadura 
 United Extremadura (1980–present)

Galicia 
 Galician People's Front (1986–present)
 Land Party (Partido da Terra) (2011–present)

Madrid 
 The Greens of the Community of Madrid (1995–present)

Navarre 
 Batzarre (1987–present)

Defunct parties

Defunct major parties 
 People's Socialist Party (1968–1978)
 National Union (1979–1982)
 People's Alliance, refounded as People's Party (1976–1989)
 Liberal Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1976–1989)
 People's Democratic Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1982–1989)
 Union of the Democratic Centre (1977–1983), refounded as Democratic and Social Centre (1982–2006) (merged into PP)
 Euskadiko Ezkerra, absorbed into Socialist Party of the Basque Country (1977–1993)
 Majorca Socialist Party, absorbed into PSM–Nationalist Agreement
 Democratic Reformist Party (1983–1986) 
 Valencian Union (1982–2014) 
 Andalusian Party (1965–2015) 
 Herri Batasuna (1978–2001), refounded as Batasuna (2001–2013), the political branch of ETA, illegal 
 Euskal Herritarrok (1998–2003), banned 
 Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (2002–2008), outlawed
 Convergence and Union (1978–2015)
 Aralar (2000–2017)
 Nafarroa Bai (2004–2015)
 Amaiur (2011–2015)
 Platform for Catalonia (2002–2019) (merged into Vox)
 Union, Progress and Democracy (2007–2020), a progressive party which ideologically combined social liberalism with centralism from the radical centre of political spectrum. It strongly supported the unity of Spain, thereby being an enemy of Spain's peripheral nationalism.

Defunct minor parties 
 National Alliance July 18 (1977)
 Spanish Solidarity (1982–1984) 
 Republican Social Movement (1999–2018)
 Basque Nationalist Action (1930-2008), outlawed 
 Askatasuna (1998–2009), banned 
 Herritarren Zerrenda (2004), banned 
 Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (2009), outlawed 
 Partido Galeguista (1977–1984)
 Galician Coalition (1983–2012)
 Commoners' Land (1988–2009)
 Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (1995–2005) (Merged into National Alliance) 
 Spanish Democratic Party (1996–2008) 
 Nós–Unidade Popular (2001–2015) 
 Cantabrian Unity (2002–2011)
 Union of the Salamancan People (2002–2014)
 Another Democracy is Possible (2003–2006)
 National Front (2006–2011)
 Unión Centrista Liberal (1978–2014)

Historical parties

Reign of Isabella II 
Moderate Party (1834–1874)
Progressive Party (1834–1874)
Democratic Party (1849–1869)
Liberal Union (1858–1874)

Sexenio Democrático 
Moderate Party (1834–1874)
Progressive Party (1834–1874)
Democratic Party (1849–1869)
Liberal Union (1858–1874)
Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
Radical Democratic Party (1871–1880)
Federal Democratic Republican Party (1868–1912)
Constitutional Party (1872–1880)

Bourbon restoration 
Conservative Party (1876–1931)
Liberal Party (1880–1931) 
Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
Republican Nationalist Federal Union (1910–1917)
Republican–Socialist Conjunction (1909–1919)
Maurist Party (1913–1930)
Reformist Party (1912–1924)
Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
Spanish Patriotic Union (1924–1930)

Second Spanish Republic 
National Front
Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
Popular Action (1930–1933) 
Spanish Agrarian Party (1934–1936)
Spanish Nationalist Party (1930–1936)
Spanish Renovation (1933–1937) 
Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
Popular Front
Republican Left (1934–1959) 
Republican Union (1934–1958)
Syndicalist Party (1934–1976) 
Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (1935–1980)
Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937) 
Falange Española (1933–1934)
Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (1931–1934)
Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936) 
Radical Socialist Republican Party (1929–1934) 
Liberal Republican Right (1930–1936)
Republican Action (1925–1934)
Conservative Republican Party (1932–1936)
Party of the Democratic Centre (1936–1939)

Francoist Spain 
During the period of the Francoist Regime from 1939 to 1977, Spain was a One-party state. That means that only one political party, the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS), was legally allowed to hold power.
Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (1937–1977)
Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937) 
Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)

See also
 Politics of Spain
 List of political parties by country
 List of political parties in Catalonia
 List of political parties in Galicia 
 Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
 Republicanism in Spain 
 Anarchism in Spain 
 The far-right in Spain 
Federalism in Spain 
 Parties and factions in Isabelline Spain 
 List of registered political parties in Spain by geographic location

References

 
 
Political parties