Lena Lorraine Santos Ferguson (1928 – 2004) was an American secretary and Civil Rights advocate. Ferguson was denied membership to a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1980 due to her race, after applying multiple times. She was admitted to the organization as an at-large member in 1983, becoming the second African-American member. Ferguson pushed for the Daughters of the American Revolution to revise their national bylaws, leading to the organization banning discrimination based on race. She later founded, and served as chair, of the D.C. DAR Scholarship Committee. Ferguson was honored with a memorial plaque in the garden at DAR Constitution Hall.

Early life and family 
Ferguson was born Lena Lorraine Santos in 1928 in New Britain, Connecticut. She grew up in Plainville.

Her mother was the daughter of a white man, who was a sea captain from Maine, and a black woman from Virginia. Her father, of mixed African and Portuguese ancestry, emigrated to the United States from Cape Verde. Through her mother's family, Ferguson is descended from the American colonist Jonah Gay, who supported the American Revolutionary War as a member of the Friendship, Maine town committee.

Career 
Ferguson moved to Washington, D.C. in 1952 and was employed as an office worker with the United States Department of the Navy. In 1956, she began volunteering at Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic School and was later hired as the school secretary. Ferguson retired from the school in 1995.

Daughters of the American Revolution 
In 1980, Ferguson applied to join a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Despite being eligible due to her descent from Jonah Gay, her application was denied multiple times because she was black.

In 1983 she was admitted to the organization as a member-at-large. In 1984, Ferguson convinced the Daughters of the American Revolution to revise the national bylaws so that discrimination on the basis of race or creed was barred from all chapters. Following the change to the bylaws, she worked with the organization to promote inclusivity and diversity, including pushing for the Daughters of the American Revolution to focus more research on patriots of the American Revolutionary War who were people of color. With the DAR Lineage Research Committee, she helped establish a lineage of eligible applicants related to Patriots who were African, African-American, Indigenous American, and of mixed heritage. This led to the creation of the Forgotten Patriots Project and, in 2002, an exhibition at the DAR Museum titled Forgotten Patriots: African American and American Indian Service in the Revolutionary War, 1775-1782 and a DAR Library seminar with the same name.

Ferguson also worked with the Daughters of the American Revolution to support students of color in Washington, D.C. through scholarship programs offered by the organization. She was the chairman and founder of the D.C. DAR Scholarship Committee.

Ferguson was the second African-American woman to join the Daughters of the American Revolution, following Karen Batchelor, who was admitted to a local chapter in Royal Oak, Michigan in 1977.

DAR Legacy 
In 2023, the Daughters of the American Revolution renamed it's Washington, D.C.-based nursing scholarships as the "Daughters of the American Revolution – Lena Ferguson Scholarship" in honor of Ferguson and her contributions to the organization. They raised the awards for the scholarship, which is awarded to two nursing students, to $5,000 annually. Also that year, DAR President General Pamela Rouse Wright commissioned a memorial plaque, honoring Ferguson, to be placed in the memorial garden at DAR Constitution Hall. President General Wright stated that Ferguson "was a pioneer, a change maker, and a woman who opened doors of opportunity for others."

In March 2023, U.S. Senator Chuck Grassley released a statement celerating Ferguson's formal recognition by the Daughters of the American Revolution.

Personal life and death 
She was married to Corporal James H. Ferguson, an officer in the United States Marine Corps. They had two daughters, Serena DeSantos Ferguson Mann and Sonya Dianne Ferguson.

She was Catholic and a parishioner at Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic Church in Washington, D.C.

Ferguson died of cancer at her home in Washington, D.C. in 2004 and was buried with her husband in Arlington National Cemetery.

References 

1928 births
2004 deaths
20th-century African-American women
Activists for African-American civil rights
African-American Catholics
American people of Cape Verdean descent
American people of Portuguese descent
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Catholics from Connecticut
Daughters of the American Revolution people
People from New Britain, Connecticut
People from Plainville, Connecticut
People involved with the civil rights movement
Secretaries
Women civil rights activists
Date of birth missing