History of Kanpur tanner industry established: The leather industry in Kanpur dates back to 1778  when the East India Company entered the region. Earlier, they were stationed in the nearby mofussil  town of Bilgram but with the permission of Nakab of Awadh they were allowed to set up their  cantonment in Kanpur. They developed local craftsmen especially the Dalits in making horse chairs  and other leather products. All were made by hand craftsmen. In 1798, the East India Company  gained full control of Kanpur and trade flourished despite being in an informal sector. One of the  main products was Mashq. The first leather factory appeared in 1902 in Jajmau followed by several  others. All of them were originally Muslim. Non-Muslims preferred other activities such as textiles,  jute, flour mill etc. The rapid development of the city benefited Kanpur the title of Manchester East..  Main reason: The reason is that the sewage from these skins was dumped into the GANGA River .So  the pollution of these waterfalls meant that volunteers could take a holy dip during the recently

concluded Kumbh 2019 in Prayagraj. It was previously thought that after Kumbh the skins would be  allowed to work but there was no such development. Tannery owners believe it is now impossible to  run their business in Kanpur. They are considering relocating their units to West Bengal where it is  reported that the government has adopted friendly skin unit policies. On average due to the closure  the industry has lost almost 3000 sectors. Kanpur reports on the export of about 6000 crores. The  total value of the Kanpur leather business is estimated at about 12000 crores per year. Effects on  Kanpur tanner industry workers: According to the report, many leather beds in the Jajmau area of  Kanpur had green leather stocks. Since, unable to process them, they are sold for half the price of  those units operating at Unnao. Even the drums installed at these booths are extremely expensive  ranging from between 20 lakhs to 10 lakhs. These drums need to be rotated and filled with water.  Non-use of these drums can lead to their future deterioration. Many of these drums are imported.  Most skins have borrowed money from the bank and due to non-payment have become a Non  Performing Asset. Banks are also in the process of auctioning off the remaining skins in order to get  the money they want. One trader reported that a tannery in Jajmau alone is responsible for the  employment of half a million people. Most of the jobs have moved to other provinces as it has been  difficult for them to manage their expenses. Foreign trade of Rs 1000 crore is affected. Several  buyers from Greece, Italy, Japan and the US have canceled their orders. Water pollution: Each day,  leather producers extract about 30 gallons [30 L] of crore from sewage into the river near the  Ganges. The city's water purification unit, however, has the capacity to treat 17 liters of crore per  day. It is a source of dangerous pollution that, environmentalists say, is killing the city. Kanpur also  produces 400 tons of solid waste. Widespread pollution has polluted groundwater sources. There  are reports of an increase in disability among newborns. Farmers complain that their fields become  toxic. Hindu festival continues along the Ganges River While Aadrain from tunnels pours untreated  sewage into a canal in the Jajmau area of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Soil and groundwater are  contaminated with high levels of chromium. Air pollution :. In Kanpur, coal burned by industry,  emissions from vehicles plying mostly unpaved roads and proliferating tanneries combine to  produce a toxic cocktail of airborne pollution. In one suburban neighbourhood on the banks of the  river Ganga, sewage and leather scraps flowed into the water, turning it black and slimy. A $3 billion  national plan to clean the river is running behind schedule. Kanpur's lone station tracking PM 2.5 is  located in a bustling marketplace in the city's centre. Ground pollution: Kanpur is the ninth-largest  city in India, and one of its most severely polluted. Its eastern districts feature about 350 industrial  leather tanneries, many of which discharge untreated waste into local groundwater sources and the  Ganges River. These pollutants include toxic levels of metal contaminants such as chromium  ,mercury and arsenic Reduction ways: As a DT learner we can relate to this issue and draw some  important ways which will help for the future: 1.Use bicycles: As the pollution is more first we need  to start with reducing air pollution so they need to travel in bicycles 2.manure: As soil is the main  reason to grow trees they need to use organic manure in order to regain the soil fertility.

3.afforestation: Need to plant more trees because it acts like a benefactor for the humans and also  society. 4.industries: In order to start new industries just take the precautions so that these type of  scenes will not be repeated. 5.Don’t dump the waste: Don’t dump the waste in the river just use  other way so that it wont pollute the water and not also effect the aquatic life. 6.seek help from  Governmnet: 1)Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards 2)Formulation of  environmental regulations / statutes 3)Installation of on-line continuous (24x7) monitoring devices  by major industries. Take help from the governament in order to the city from pollution as quickly. 7.  Awareness among people: People should aware the situations going on Kanpur. They should follow  some rules to given by government and be precautious from all diseases . 8. Solar Water Heating  System: The tanning industry uses a considerable amount of hot water, especially during curing,  tanning and dyeing. Until now, the industry has been heating water with fossil fuels, gas oil and  natural gas, either with a conventional boiler or, in certain locations, through the production of  electricity using waste heat (like steam).New technologies are now available for the industry to  produce hot water in tanneries. This project uses thermal solar energy to produce hot water. Indian  tanneries in Kanpur are suitably located for the application of the solar water heating systems since  the city has an average of 270 sunny days every year. Advantages: 1. Reduced energy costs, carbon  emissions and greenhouse gases: The solar water heating system can save up to 8 MJ of energy per  square metre of finished leather. This can reduce overall energy consumption by 17 percent. 2. 2.  Lower chemical consumption: Increased uptake of chemicals as a result of hot water use in leather  processing. 9. Solar Air Heating System: The main energy consuming equipment in a tannery is the  tunnel dryer. During automatic spraying and roller coating, the leather is dried using hot air of 80 –  900 C from steam or hot thermal oils produced by burning fossil fuels. An alternative technology  demonstrated by the project is a solar air heating system. After collecting ambient air on the roof  top, the system heats it up using solar energy and applies the heat directly into the tunnel driers.  Advantages: 1. Notable energy savings: The system can save up to 10 MJ of energy per square metre  of finished leather. This can reduce overall energy consumption by 20 percent. 2. Less greenhouse  gases: Reduction in carbon dioxide emissions of up to 114 tonnes per annum. Conclusion: In this  modern age we need to acquire technology and also take care of our health. In order to establish  more industries in the beginning we need to think the same way we need to explore all means of  protection and plant more trees to prevent all this kind of harmful substanc

