QNA.Context: To access an element in a Python iterable, such as a list, you need to use an index that corresponds to the position of the element.In Python, indexing is zero-based. This means the first element has 0 as its index, the second element has 1 as its index, and so on.In Python, it is also possible to use negative indexing to access values of a sequence.Negative indexing accesses items relative to the end of the sequence. The index -1 reads the last element, -2 the second last, and so on.In Python, slicing makes it possible to access parts of sequences, such as strings or lists. This makes it possible to access, modify, and delete items in a readable and concise fashion.Slicing works similar to indexing, but instead of accessing a single value, multiple values are accessed.Slicing uses indexing to access the range of elements. These indexes are also zero-based.To reverse a list in Python, you can use negative slicing. As you want to slice the whole list, you can omit the start and stop values altogether.To reverse the slicing, specify a negative step value.As you want to include each value in the reversed list, the step size should be -1.[::-1] means you create a slice of a sequence that traverses the whole sequence starting from the end of it.Normally, the slicing follows sequence[start:stop:step] syntax. However, when you want to go from the beginning of the sequence to the end of it, you can omit start and stop. To indicate you want to start slicing from the end and end at the start, specify a negative step.
QNA.Question: What does [::-1] do?
QNA.Answers: [::-1] is used to reverse the order of an array or a sequence.
QNA.Context:  It is used in method definitions and in variable initialization. The self method is explicitly used every time we define a method.The self is used to represent the instance of the class. With this keyword, you can access the attributes and methods of the class in python. It binds the attributes with the given arguments. The reason why we use self is that Python does not use the ‘@’ syntax to refer to instance attributes. In Python, we have methods that make the instance to be passed automatically, but not received automatically.self is also used to refer to a variable field within the class.self is a parameter in function and the user can use a different parameter name in place of it. Although it is advisable to use self because it increases the readability of code. 
QNA.Question: What is self in Python?
QNA.Answers: Self is an instance or an object of a class. In Python, this is explicitly included as the first parameter. However, this is not the case in Java where it’s optional.  It helps to differentiate between the methods and attributes of a class with local variables.
QNA.Context: Python was conceived in the late 1980s by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC programming language, which was inspired by SETL capable of exception handling (from the start plus new capabilities in Python 3.11) and interfacing with the Amoeba operating system.Its implementation began in December 1989. Van Rossum shouldered sole responsibility for the project, as the lead developer, until 12 July 2018, when he announced his permanent vacation from his responsibilities as Python's benevolent dictator for life, a title the Python community bestowed upon him to reflect his long-term commitment as the project's chief decision-maker.In January 2019, active Python core developers elected a five-member Steering Council to lead the project.Python 2.0 was released on 16 October 2000, with many major new features. Python 3.0, released on 3 December 2008, with many of its major features backported to Python 2.6.x and 2.7.x. Releases of Python 3 include the 2to3 utility, which automates the translation of Python 2 code to Python 3.Python 2.7's end-of-life was initially set for 2015, then postponed to 2020 out of concern that a large body of existing code could not easily be forward-ported to Python 3. No further security patches or other improvements will be released for it. Currently only 3.7 and later are supported. In 2021, Python 3.9.2 and 3.8.8 were expedited as all versions of Python (including 2.7) had security issues leading to possible remote code execution[56] and web cache poisoning.In 2022, Python 3.10.4 and 3.9.12 were expedited and 3.8.13, and 3.7.13, because of many security issues. When Python 3.9.13 was released in May 2022, it was announced that the 3.9 series (joining the older series 3.8 and 3.7) will only receive security fixes going forward. On September 7, 2022, four new releases were made due to a potential denial-of-service attack: 3.10.7, 3.9.14, 3.8.14, and 3.7.14.As of November 2022, Python 3.11.0 is the current stable release and among the notable changes from 3.10 are that it is 10–60% faster and significantly improved error reporting.Python 3.12 (alpha 2) has improved error messages. 
QNA.Question: Who developed the Python language?
QNA.Answers: Guido van Rossum
QNA.Context: The function len() is one of Python’s built-in functions. It returns the length of an object. For example, it can return the number of items in a list. You can use the function with many different data types. However, not all data types are valid arguments for len().
QNA.Question: What is len?
QNA.Answers: Len stands for length,The function len() is one of Python's built-in functions. It returns the length of an object.
QNA.Context: A built-in function in Python using which a sequence of numbers is generated within a given range is called range in Python. To implement range in Python, you need to make use of a function called range() function. 
QNA.Question: How to check the length of the range(7)?
QNA.Answers:  x=range(7)      Print(len(x))
QNA.Context: Encapsulation is a mechanism of wrapping the data (variables) and code acting on the data (methods) together as a single unit. In encapsulation, the variables of a class will be hidden from other classes, and can be accessed only through the methods of their current class.
QNA.Question: Define encapsulation in Python?
QNA.Answers: Encapsulation means binding the code and the data together. A Python class in an example of encapsulation.
QNA.Context: strings in Python are arrays of bytes representing unicode characters. However, Python does not have a character data type, a single character is simply a string with a length of 1. Square brackets can be used to access elements of the string.
QNA.Question: Why strings are immutable in nature?
QNA.Answers: In Python, strings are made immutable so that programmers cannot alter the contents of the object (even by mistake).
QNA.Context: A variable is only available from inside the region it is created.this is called scopeLocal Scope :A variable created inside a function belongs to the local scope of that function and can only be used inside that function.however, the local variable can be accessed from a function within the function
QNA.Question:  What are local variables in Python ?
QNA.Answers: Any variable declared inside a function is known as a local variable. This variable is present in the local space and not in the global space.
QNA.Context: Global Scopea variable created in the main body of the Python code is a global variable and belongs to the global scope.global variables are available from within any scope, global and local
QNA.Question: What are global variables in Python ?
QNA.Answers: Variables declared outside a function or in a global space are called global variables. These variables can be accessed by any function in the program.
QNA.Context: global" keywordif you need to create a global variable, but are stuck in the local scope, you can use the global keyword.the global keyword makes the variable global.
QNA.Question: What is the use of "global" keyword in Python ?
QNA.Answers: The global keyword is used to create global variables from a no-global scope, e.g. inside a function.
QNA.Context: Lambda :Lambda is a small anonymous function.Can take any number of arguments, but can only have one expression.syntax: lambda arguments : expression
QNA.Question: What is lambda function in Python ?
QNA.Answers: Python Lambda Functions are anonymous function means that the function is without a name. As we already know that the def keyword is used to define a normal function in Python. Similarly, the lambda keyword is used to define an anonymous function in Python.
QNA.Context: Python programming is used in a variety of fields, including web development, game development, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, among others. Web Development Python provides a number of web development frameworks, including Django, Pyramid, and Flask, among others. Security, flexibility, and scalability are all attributes of this framework. Development of Video Games - PySoy and PyGame are two Python libraries that are used in the development of video games. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning - There are a large number of open-source libraries that can be used when developing AI/ML applications, and many of these libraries are free.
QNA.Question: Amongst which of the following is are the application areas of Python programming?
QNA.Answers: 1. Web Development 2. Game Development 3. Artificial Intelligence 4. Machine Learning 5. Data Science
QNA.Context: Numeric data types include int, float, and complex, among others. In information technology, data types are the classification or categorization of knowledge items. It represents the type of information that is useful in determining what operations are frequently performed on specific data. In the Python programming language, each value is represented by a different python data type. Known as Data Types, this is the classification of knowledge items or the placement of the information value into a specific data category. It is beneficial to be aware of the quiet operations that are frequently performed on a worth.
QNA.Question: What are the Numeric Data Types?
QNA.Answers: There are three distinct numeric types: integers, floating point numbers, and complex numbers. In addition, Booleans are a subtype of integers.
QNA.Context: The sequence Types of Data Types are the list, the tuple, and the range. In order to store multiple values in an organized and efficient manner, we use the concept of sequences. There are several types of sequences, including strings, Unicode strings, lists, tuples, bytearrays, and range objects. Strings and Unicode strings are the most common. Dictionary and set data structures are used to store non-sequential information.
QNA.Question: What are Data Types of list, tuple, and range?
QNA.Answers: The sequence Types of Data Types are the list, the tuple, and the range. In order to store multiple values in an organized and efficient manner, we use the concept of sequences.
QNA.Context: The type() function can be used to find out what type of data an object contains. Typing an object passed as an argument to Python's type() function returns the data type of the object passed as an argument to Python's type() function. This function is extremely useful during the debugging phase of the process.
QNA.Question: What is use of type()?
QNA.Answers: type() method returns class type of the argument(object) passed as parameter in Python.
QNA.Context: Python's logical operators are represented by the terms and, or, and not. In Python, logical operators are used to perform logical operations on the values of variables that have been declared. Either true or false is represented by the value. The truth values provide us with the information we need to figure out the conditions. In Python, there are three types of logical operators: the logical AND, the logical OR, and the logical NOT operators. Keywords or special characters are used to represent operators in a program.
QNA.Question: List of the logical operators in Python?
QNA.Answers: 1. and2. or3. not
QNA.Context: Unexpected events that can occur during a program's execution are referred to as exceptions, and they can cause the program's normal flow to be interrupted. Python provides exception handling, which allows us to write less error-prone code while also testing various scenarios that may result in an exception later on in the process.
QNA.Question: What is exception handling?
QNA.Answers: Exception handling is the process of responding to unwanted or unexpected events when a computer program runs. Exception handling deals with these events to avoid the program or system crashing, and without this process, exceptions would disrupt the normal operation of a program.
QNA.Context: Python Dictionary is used to store the data in a key-value pair format, which is similar to that of a database. The dictionary data type in Python is capable of simulating the real-world data arrangement in which a specific value exists for a specific key when the key is specified. It is the data-structure that can be changed. Each element of the dictionary is defined as follows: keys and values.
QNA.Question: Why Python Dictionary is used?
QNA.Answers: Dictionaries are used to store data values in key:value pairs. A dictionary is a collection which is ordered*, changeable and do not allow duplicates. As of Python version 3.7, dictionaries are ordered. In Python 3.6 and earlier, dictionaries are unordered.
QNA.Context: Conditional statements, also known as decision-making statements, are used to make decisions. In programming, we want to be able to control the flow of execution of our program, and we want to be able to execute a specific set of statements only if a specific condition is met, and a different set of statements only if the condition is not met. As a result, we use conditional statements to determine whether or not a specific block of code should be executed based on a given condition.
QNA.Question: What ia Conditional statements in python?
QNA.Answers: A conditional statement as the name suggests itself, is used to handle conditions in your program. These statements guide the program while making decisions based on the conditions encountered by the program. Python has 3 key Conditional Statements that you should know: if statement. if-else statement.
QNA.Context: Functionsfunctions are reusable pieces of codethey only run when calledthey may take input argumentsthey may return processed valuesdef keyword is used at the beginning of a function to start defining a functionreturn keyword is used to send some value back after processing
QNA.Question: What is function ? How we define them in Python ?
QNA.Answers: A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called. You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function. A function can return data as a result. We define function in python with the help of "def" keyword.
QNA.Context: About PythonPython is a dynamic-typed language. It means that you don’t need to mention the data type of variables during their declaration.Python supports object-orientated programming as you can define classes along with the composition and inheritance.Functions in Python are like first-class objects. It suggests you can assign them to variables, return from other methods and pass them as arguments.Developing using Python is quick but running it is often slower than compiled languages.Python has several usages like web-based applications, test automation, data modeling, big data analytics, and much more.
QNA.Question:  Explain some benefits of Python.
QNA.Answers: Python is a dynamic-typed language. It means that you don’t need to mention the data type of variables during their declaration.Python supports object-orientated programming as you can define classes along with the composition and inheritance.Functions in Python are like first-class objects. It suggests you can assign them to variables, return from other methods and pass them as arguments.Developing using Python is quick but running it is often slower than compiled languages.Python has several usages like web-based applications, test automation, data modeling, big data analytics, and much more.