UN scientists stated that as the Earth's climate warms, there will almost certainly be an increase in heat waves and a likelihood of heavier rainfall, more floods, stronger cyclones, landslides, and more intense droughts worldwide in this century. The IPCC recommended that countries develop disaster management plans to cope with the rising risk of extreme weather events caused by human-induced climate change. The report, released in Uganda, provides varying probabilities for extreme weather events based on different greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, but the overall trend indicates an increase in extreme weather. The report emphasized that there will likely be increases in the frequency and intensity of warm daily temperature extremes globally, as well as an increase in the length, frequency, and intensity of heat waves. According to the text, a 1-in-20 year hottest day is expected to occur every 1-in-2 years by the end of the 21st century in most regions, with the exception of very high latitudes. Heat waves are projected to increase in temperature by 1 to 3 degrees Celsius by the mid-21st century and by 2 to 5 degrees Celsius by the late-21st century, depending on the region and emissions scenario. Delegates from nearly 200 countries will gather in South Africa starting on Nov. 28 for climate talks, with the most likely outcome being small steps towards a broader agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to combat climate change. Despite global efforts to curb CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions, experts warn that current pledges are insufficient to prevent the planet from warming beyond 2 degrees Celsius, a threshold that could lead to more extreme weather events and challenges with food production. Global carbon emissions increased significantly last year, marking a new record after a period of recession. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that heavy precipitation is likely to become more frequent in the 21st century, particularly in high latitudes and tropical regions. The IPCC defines "likely" as a two-thirds chance or higher. The report also suggests there is a moderate level of confidence that this increase in heavy rainfall could lead to more local flooding in certain regions, although the impact on river floods remains unclear due to complex causes. Additionally, the report indicates that tropical cyclones are expected to become less frequent or remain the same, but those that do occur are likely to be more intense. The report stated that heavy rainfalls linked to tropical cyclones are expected to rise due to ongoing warming. It also mentioned that the average maximum wind speed of tropical cyclones is likely to increase, along with concerns about rising sea levels for small island nations. Droughts, which are a major concern for feeding a growing population, are also projected to worsen. The global population recently reached 7 billion and is forecasted to reach 9 billion by 2050 according to the United Nations. It is moderately likely that droughts will become more severe in the 21st century due to decreased precipitation and/or increased evapotranspiration in various regions including southern Europe, the Mediterranean region, central Europe, central North America, Central America and Mexico, northeast Brazil, and southern Africa. Additionally, there is a strong possibility that landslides will be caused by melting glaciers and permafrost as a result of climate change.