UN scientists stated that an increase in heat waves is almost certain, along with heavier rainfall, more floods, stronger cyclones, landslides, and more intense droughts across the globe in the coming century due to the Earth's warming climate. The IPCC urged countries to create disaster management plans to deal with the rising risk of extreme weather events caused by human-induced climate change. The report, released in Uganda, provides varying probabilities for extreme weather events based on future greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, but the overall trend indicates a likely increase in extreme weather. The report highlighted that warm daily temperature extremes are expected to become more frequent and intense globally, and that the length, frequency, and intensity of heat waves are also likely to increase. According to one emissions scenario, a 1-in-20 year hottest day is expected to occur every 1-in-2 years by the end of the 21st century in most regions, with the exception of very high latitudes. Heat waves are projected to increase in intensity by 1 to 3 degrees Celsius by the mid-21st century and by about 2 to 5 degrees Celsius by the late 21st century, depending on the region and emissions scenario. Delegates from nearly 200 countries will convene in South Africa starting on November 28 for climate talks, with the most likely outcome being modest steps towards a broader agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to combat climate change. Despite global efforts to curb CO2 emissions, experts warn that current pledges are insufficient to prevent the planet from warming beyond 2 degrees Celsius, which could lead to more extreme weather events and challenges in food production. Global carbon emissions increased significantly last year, setting a new record following a period of economic recession. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that heavy precipitation events will likely become more frequent in the 21st century, particularly in high latitudes and tropical regions. The IPCC defines "likely" as a two-thirds probability or higher. The report also suggests there is a moderate level of confidence that this trend will result in increased local flooding in certain areas, although the impact on river floods is uncertain due to complex causes. It is expected that tropical cyclones will become less frequent or remain the same, but those that do form are anticipated to be more severe. The report warned that heavy rainfalls from tropical cyclones are expected to rise due to ongoing warming. The report also expressed concern about the likelihood of increased maximum wind speeds in tropical cyclones, as well as rising sea levels, particularly for small island nations. Additionally, the report highlighted the worsening of droughts, which are a major concern for feeding a growing global population. The global population recently reached 7 billion and is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050, according to the United Nations. The likelihood of droughts worsening in the 21st century is moderately certain, as a result of decreased precipitation and/or increased evapotranspiration. This is expected to occur in various regions including southern Europe, the Mediterranean region, central Europe, central North America, Central America and Mexico, northeast Brazil, and southern Africa. Additionally, there is a strong possibility that landslides will be caused by diminishing glaciers and permafrost connected to climate change.