The professional services firm PwC's sixth annual Low Carbon Economy Index report examined how major developed and emerging economies are progressing in reducing their carbon intensity, or emissions per unit of gross domestic product. Jonathan Grant from PwC noted that there is a widening gap between current achievements and necessary actions, with governments falling short of addressing the 2-degree goal and instead putting us on track for 3 degrees of warming. This discrepancy highlights a disconnect between government pledges and actual progress towards climate change mitigation. Nearly 200 countries have agreed at United Nations climate talks to limit the increase in global temperatures to less than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels in order to mitigate the effects of climate change such as heat waves, floods, storms, and rising seas. Current temperatures have already risen by approximately 0.85 degrees Celsius. According to a study, in order to achieve this goal, carbon intensity will need to be reduced by 6.2 percent annually, a significant increase from the 1.2 percent reduction seen from 2012 to 2013. The study also indicates that reaching the 6.2 percent annual reduction target will require changes on a larger scale than recent shifts in energy production in some countries. France transitioned to nuclear power in the 1980s, resulting in a 4 percent decrease in emissions. In the 1990s, Britain's focus on gas led to a 3 percent reduction, while the United States experienced a 3.5 percent decrease due to the shale gas boom in 2012. PwC noted a positive development in emerging economies like China, India, and Mexico, which have been cutting their carbon intensity at a faster rate than industrialized countries. These nations, which are major manufacturing hubs, have emissions 1.5 times higher than developed economies. Australia saw the highest rate of decarbonization for the second consecutive year, with a 7.2 percent reduction in carbon intensity in 2013. Despite being a major coal producer with high emissions per capita, Australia's efforts to reduce emissions have slowed since the government repealed a tax on emissions in July. Britain, Italy, and China all saw a decarbonisation rate of 4-5 percent, whereas five countries - France, the United States, India, Germany, and Brazil - experienced an increase in their carbon intensity.