The Commonwealth expressed grave concern about climate change during a summit, stating that it posed a direct threat to the survival of small island states. However, the summit did not endorse binding targets on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, leading to criticism from Greenpeace for lacking urgency in addressing the issue. The agreement made at the Commonwealth summit in Kampala was seen as a significant step forward by the secretary-general, Don McKinnon, although it did not go as far as some countries had hoped. Before the summit, Britain had pushed for a strong and clear message, as well as binding commitments from developed nations before the upcoming environment conference in Bali. While the Kampala declaration did not meet all of these expectations, it did emphasize the need for developed countries to take the lead in reducing emissions, without hindering the sustainable economic development of developing nations. The Bali summit will focus on creating a new agreement to replace the expiring Kyoto protocol, which aims to reduce emissions responsible for global warming. Kyoto does not require developing countries like India and China to reduce greenhouse gases. Canada's conservative government will not sign an agreement in Kampala unless all countries are required to reduce emissions. The Commonwealth typically reaches consensus agreements, but the vague nature of Saturday's declaration may be due to the need to compromise between Canada's stance and the demands of developing nations, particularly island states. The Commonwealth Climate Change Action Plan called for a post-Kyoto agreement on greenhouse gas reduction but only mentioned a long term global goal for emissions reduction that all countries would contribute to. Environmentalists criticized similar non-binding language used in recent summits by the G8 and APEC. A British official mentioned that the statement achieved their goal of building momentum before the Bali conference, but there are concerns about committing to binding targets at CHOGM instead of at Bali. Some attendees believed that Bali was the appropriate place to discuss commitments. Australia, previously hesitant to address climate change, announced their intention to sign the Kyoto Protocol after Labor Party leader Kevin Rudd won the recent election. The previous Prime Minister's decision not to ratify Kyoto upset Pacific island nations, including Commonwealth members, at risk of being affected by rising sea levels.