In Copenhagen, Bangladesh's state minister for environment, Hasan Mahmud, expressed concern that the European Union's commitment of 10 billion euro over three years to the climate adaptation fund may not be sufficient. Mahmud emphasized the need for clarity on whether this commitment is in addition to Official Development Assistance (ODA), as vulnerable countries are seeking a contribution of 1.5 percent of GDP from industrialised nations. Mahmud stated that this could potentially create a $400 to $600 billion fund to assist poor and vulnerable countries. The state minister emphasized that the proposal from the EU to raise funds for adaptation is insufficient to reach the total $400-600 needed. He reiterated the demand from poor and vulnerable nations for a separate climate fund, in addition to existing ODA, that is not controlled by financial institutions such as the IMF and World Bank. He suggested the creation of a separate institution that is easily accessible and more transparent. Hasan stated that MVC GROUP believes 70% of funds should go to the least developed or most vulnerable countries, with 15% specifically allocated to Bangladesh. He highlighted that over one billion people are at risk of climate change globally. Hasan mentioned that Bangladesh has initiated the formation of a new group called MVCs, with plans to include 20 countries in total. He mentioned that the UN recognizes G-77 or LDCs for economic development, and he is striving for similar recognition for climate change. He emphasized the need to create a new group of vulnerable countries for improved negotiation. Hasan highlighted Bangladesh as the most vulnerable country, leading the Global Climate Risk Index with 15% of the 1 billion most vulnerable people residing there. "So, Bangladesh is requesting that 15 percent of the adaptation fund be allocated to them. This is because they are experiencing various negative impacts of climate change, including sea level rise and extreme weather. The number of people affected in Bangladesh is expected to be higher than in all the small island countries. Earlier in the day, a delegation from Dhaka held an open discussion at the conference, focusing on Bangladesh's status as a victim of climate change." Dr. Ainun Nishat, a climate expert, discussed the effects of climate change on food and agricultural production, water management, health, and infrastructure.