According to a report by the World Economic Forum, the main threat facing the world in 2010 is the possibility of deteriorating government finances leading to full-fledged debt crises. Major economies have responded to the financial crisis by increasing deficits through stimulus packages and supporting private debt obligations. This has helped prevent a worse recession, but has raised concerns about high debt levels in financial markets. Developed nations are at a particularly high risk, as many emerging economies have already taken steps to address fiscal issues following previous shocks. The WEF report warns that the unprecedented levels of debt being accumulated by governments in an effort to stimulate their economies could lead to an increase in sovereign defaults. He warned that increasing levels of unemployment could result from higher debt levels, leading to social and political risks. The report identified unsustainable debt levels, the lingering effects of the financial crisis, underinvestment in infrastructure, and rising health costs due to chronic diseases as the top risks. Other potential threats included asset price collapse, risks related to Afghanistan, and a possible slowdown in Chinese growth, all of which could impact employment, lead to social unrest, and reduce exports. The report emphasized that developed nations could face consequences from overextending unsustainable debt levels, with full-blown debt crises resulting in higher unemployment and other social and political ramifications. Daniel Hofmann, group chief economist at Zurich Financial Services, stressed that government debt levels exceeding 100 percent of GDP, as seen in the United States and the UK, are clearly unsustainable. "There is a significant risk that investors may become concerned about the sustainability of high debt levels, potentially leading to sovereign debt crises and defaults. Dubai and Greece serve as early warnings that should not be ignored," stated the speaker at a press conference. Concerns about Dubai, Ukraine, and Greece have had a global impact, with the possibility of continued pressure on these economies as well as on the United States and the United Kingdom. According to the WEF report, these countries face difficult decisions in the coming months as they navigate the withdrawal of fiscal stimulus in a way that supports economic recovery without causing fears of worsening sovereign debt. The report also emphasized a "governance gap" between short-term pressures and the need for long-term decisions on issues like healthcare, pensions, and climate change. According to the report, not enough is being done to tackle the problem of underinvestment in infrastructure, which could have negative effects on food and energy security. The World Bank has estimated that $35 trillion will be needed for global infrastructure investment over the next 20 years. The report also highlights the increasing financial burden of chronic diseases due to longer life expectancies and unhealthy lifestyles, which needs to be addressed through prevention campaigns promoting healthier living. The report warns that slow failures or gradually emerging risks pose the biggest threats to the world today, as their long-term impact and implications may be greatly underestimated.