UN scientists stated that an increase in heat waves is highly likely, along with heavier rainfall, more floods, stronger cyclones, landslides, and more intense droughts worldwide as the Earth's climate continues to warm. The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) called for countries to develop disaster management plans to adapt to the growing risk of extreme weather events caused by human-induced climate change, according to a report released in Uganda. The report presents varying probabilities for extreme weather events based on different greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, but the overall trend suggests that extreme weather is expected to become more frequent. The IPCC report confirmed that warm daily temperature extremes are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude on a global scale in the 21st century, with warm spells, or heat waves, becoming longer, more frequent, and more intense. According to the text, a 1-in-20 year hottest day is projected to become a 1-in-2 year event by the end of the 21st century in most regions, with exceptions in very high latitudes. Heat waves are expected to increase in temperature by 1 to 3 degrees C by mid-21st century and by about 2 to 5 degrees C by late-21st century, depending on the region and emissions scenario. Delegates from nearly 200 countries will gather in South Africa starting on Nov. 28 for climate talks, with the most likely outcome being small steps towards a broader agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to combat climate change. However, global efforts to curb CO2 emissions are not considered sufficient to prevent the planet from warming beyond 2 degrees Celsius, which scientists warn could lead to more extreme weather events and challenges in food production. Global carbon emissions increased significantly last year, setting a new record after a period of economic recession. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that heavy precipitation events will become more frequent in various regions around the world, especially in high latitudes and tropical areas. The IPCC defines "likely" as a two-thirds chance or greater. The report also suggests that there is a "medium confidence" in the likelihood of increases in local flooding in some regions, but the impact on river floods is more complex. Additionally, the report states that tropical cyclones are expected to become less frequent or remain the same, though those that do occur may be more severe. The report stated that heavy rainfalls linked to tropical cyclones are expected to rise as temperatures continue to increase. It also highlighted the likelihood of an increase in average tropical cyclone maximum wind speed, as well as the rising sea levels, especially concerning for small island nations. Additionally, the report mentioned that droughts, which are a major concern for a growing global population, are expected to worsen. The global population recently reached 7 billion and is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050 according to UN estimates. It is believed with moderate certainty that droughts will become more severe in the 21st century because of lower precipitation and/or higher evapotranspiration. This is expected to occur in various regions such as southern Europe, the Mediterranean region, central Europe, central North America, Central America and Mexico, northeast Brazil, and southern Africa. Additionally, there is a strong likelihood that landslides will be caused by melting glaciers and permafrost due to climate change.