In general, the promises made by governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are not sufficient to prevent a temperature increase of 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit), which is considered a critical point for severe heat waves, heavy rainfall, and rising sea levels. A report from organizations such as Christian Aid, Oxfam, the International Trade Union Confederation, and WWF International stated that the efforts of major developed countries are inadequate compared to what is considered their fair share. This report comes as nearly 200 nations gather in Bonn, Germany for talks from Oct 19-23 to finalize a global agreement on climate change, with a summit scheduled for December in Paris. While around 150 nations have submitted plans to combat climate change, there is currently no standardized way to assess and compare the level of ambition of each nation. The report from Monday suggested that wealthy individuals could transition from fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources, assist others, and take on more responsibility due to their historical use of coal, oil, and natural gas since the Industrial Revolution. The report estimated that the United States and the European Union had committed to around 20% of their fair share, while Japan had committed to about 10%. In contrast, emerging economies were found to either exceed or broadly meet their fair share commitments. China was highlighted for doing more than its fair share by considering its emissions since 1950, while Brazil was contributing significantly as well. Brandon Wu of ActionAid stated that rich countries were falling short in providing emission reductions and financial support at the negotiating table. Tasneem Essop of WWF International suggested that Paris should establish mechanisms for actions to become stronger over time through regular science and equity reviews. Both top emitters, Beijing and Washington, claim their plans are ambitious. China aims to peak greenhouse gas emissions around 2030, while the United States plans to reduce greenhouse emissions by 26-28 percent by 2025, compared to 2005 levels. According to a report released on Monday, if current trends continue, temperatures are projected to increase by 3 degrees C (5.4F) or more above pre-industrial levels by 2100, surpassing the agreed maximum of 2C.