UN scientists stated that as the Earth's climate warms, there will likely be an increase in heat waves, heavier rainfall, more floods, stronger cyclones, landslides, and more intense droughts globally. The IPCC emphasized the importance of countries developing disaster management plans to address the growing risk of extreme weather events caused by human-induced climate change. The report presented varying probabilities for these events based on different greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, but overall, the consensus is that extreme weather is expected to become more common. The IPCC report highlighted that warm daily temperature extremes are almost certain to increase in frequency and magnitude in the 21st century, with warm spells or heat waves becoming longer, more frequent, and more intense. According to one emissions scenario, it is projected that a 1-in-20 year hottest day will likely occur every 1-in-2 years by the end of the 21st century in most regions. However, this is not the case in very high latitudes. Heat waves are expected to increase in intensity, with temperatures rising by 1 to 3 degrees Celsius by the mid-21st century and by about 2 to 5 degrees Celsius by the late-21st century, depending on the region and emissions scenario. Delegates from nearly 200 countries will gather in South Africa starting from Nov. 28 for climate talks, with the expected outcome being small steps towards a broader agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to combat climate change. Despite global efforts to reduce carbon emissions, experts warn that current pledges are insufficient to prevent the planet from warming beyond 2 degrees Celsius, which could lead to more extreme weather events and challenges in food production. Global carbon emissions increased significantly last year, marking a record high following a period of economic recession. It is projected that heavy precipitation will become more common in the 21st century in various parts of the world, particularly in high latitudes and tropical regions. The IPCC defines "likely" as a two-thirds chance or more, and predicts a rise in local flooding in certain areas with medium confidence. However, the impact on river floods, which have complex causes, remains uncertain. The report also suggests that tropical cyclones may decrease in frequency but increase in intensity. The report stated that heavy rainfalls linked to tropical cyclones are expected to rise due to ongoing warming. It also mentioned that the average maximum wind speed of tropical cyclones is likely to increase, along with rising sea levels, which are a source of concern for small island states. Droughts, a major worry for a growing population, are also predicted to worsen. The global population recently reached 7 billion and is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050, according to UN data. The likelihood of droughts becoming more severe in the 21st century is moderate, primarily as a result of decreased precipitation and/or heightened evapotranspiration in various regions such as southern Europe, the Mediterranean region, central Europe, central North America, Central America and Mexico, northeast Brazil, and southern Africa. Additionally, there is a strong possibility that shrinking glaciers and permafrost due to climate change could lead to an increase in landslides.