The presidents of France and Brazil emphasized the need for wealthy nations to increase aid for developing countries in order to combat global warming and reach a climate agreement in Copenhagen. Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, speaking at a climate summit in Manaus, noted progress with commitments from China and the United States to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but stressed that more assistance is required for poorer nations to address climate change and achieve their goals. Lula also mentioned Brazil's investment fund for Amazon rainforest conservation, emphasizing that donor countries will not have control over it. Norway has been the largest donor so far. Progress in addressing how wealthy nations can assist poorer nations in combating climate change has been minimal. French President Nicolas Sarkozy emphasized the need for concrete figures and financial support from developed countries to developing countries during the Copenhagen conference. This support should be provided immediately. Sarkozy expressed support for Washington's announced goal of reducing emissions by 17 percent by 2020. The European Union estimates the cost of aiding developing nations in fighting global warming to be around $100 billion annually. However, developing countries argue that wealthy nations should contribute between 0.5 and 1 percent of their GDP. Brazil, committed to cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 36.1 to 38.9 percent, has been pushing for a stronger role in climate negotiations and sought to unite Amazon countries ahead of the Copenhagen summit. Only one other South American leader, Bharrat Jagdeo of Guyana, participated in the Manaus summit.