Despite Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's congratulatory message to Trump after his election victory and his promise to collaborate on trade and international security, the media has described Trump's win as a surprising upset. The victory has disrupted the traditionally stable Canada-US relations, with a commentator from the Globe and Mail noting that the US electorate's decision has thrown a wrench into the predictability of these relations. The focus on building borders in various aspects by the new US president poses a threat to Canada, which heavily relies on cross-border dealings. The commentator remarked that Donald Trump, the unexpected victor of the US presidential election, has vowed to undo many of Canada's efforts. He mentioned the potential risk of protectionist actions by the US that could sever important trade ties. Canadian leaders have signed free-trade agreements to mitigate this threat, but Mr. Trump has promised to revoke the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Canada is the largest trading partner of the US, exporting more than 75 percent of its goods and services to its southern neighbor. It shares approximately 4,000 miles of border with the United States, excluding Alaska. If NAFTA were to end, this would have negative implications for Canada's economy. During his campaign, Trump focused on the idea of stronger borders, which could result in slower trade and traffic movement, something Canada cannot afford. Trump promised to bring jobs back to various states and criticized NAFTA, calling it a disaster that he would renegotiate or potentially end. However, many economists and experts believe that while protectionist rhetoric is common in US elections, the reality of governing may be different. In addition to questioning NAFTA, Trump has also raised concerns about the value of NATO and has stated that allies should pay more for US protection. Canadian officials are preparing for potential challenges ahead as the impact of the surprising election outcome is felt. Experts agree that the future may bring significant changes in areas such as economics, trade, environment, security, defense, and international relations under the new US administration's "America First" policy. Prime Minister Trudeau is determined to move forward with a climate-change policy aimed at reducing greenhouse-gas emissions, however, the presence of Trump in power may make it more difficult to garner support for these policies in Canada. Despite avoiding criticism of Trump during the election campaign, Trudeau likely did so in the interest of building a strong relationship with the United States. While there are other areas of cooperation such as cross-border security arrangements and NORAD, the question remains as to how successful Trudeau will be in advancing the Canadian agenda with a protectionist US president focused on 'America First'. Is Trump posing a new challenge for the Canadian Prime Minister? It will require some time before the answer is obtained.