The sixth annual report from PwC, a professional services firm, examined the efforts of major developed and emerging economies to decrease their carbon intensity, or emissions per unit of GDP. According to Jonathan Grant of PwC, there is a growing disparity between current achievements and necessary actions, with governments falling short of the 2 degree goal and instead on track for 3 degrees of warming. Nearly 200 countries reached an agreement at the United Nations climate talks to restrict the increase in global temperatures to under 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels in order to prevent extreme weather events caused by climate change. Currently, temperatures have already risen by approximately 0.85 degrees Celsius. To meet this goal, carbon intensity will need to be reduced by 6.2 percent annually, a substantial increase from the 1.2 percent rate seen from 2012 to 2013. Achieving this reduction would require significant changes in energy production on a scale even larger than recent shifts in some countries. France's transition to nuclear power in the 1980s resulted in a 4 percent reduction in emissions, while Britain's shift to gas in the 1990s led to a 3 percent cut. In 2012, the United States saw a 3.5 percent decrease in emissions due to the shale gas boom. PwC noted a glimmer of hope in the fact that emerging economies like China, India, and Mexico have been reducing their carbon intensity at a faster pace than industrialized countries such as the US, Japan, and the EU. These emerging nations, which are major manufacturing centers, have emissions 1.5 times larger than those of developed economies, and it is crucial for them to separate economic growth from carbon emissions. Australia had the highest rate of decarbonization for the second consecutive year, reducing its carbon intensity by 7.2 percent in 2013. Despite being a major coal producer with high emissions per capita, Australia's efforts to reduce emissions have slowed since the repeal of an emissions tax in July. Britain, Italy, and China all managed to reduce their carbon emissions by 4-5 percent, whereas France, the United States, India, Germany, and Brazil saw an increase in their carbon intensity.