The World Economic Forum's report for 2010 identifies the main threat to the global economy as the possibility of worsening government finances leading to full-blown debt crises. Major economies have responded to the financial crisis by increasing deficits through stimulus packages and backing private debt, which has raised concerns in financial markets. Developed nations are at higher risk due to their increasing debt levels, while some emerging economies, like those in Latin America, have already taken steps to stabilize their finances. The management consultancy Oliver Wyman, a contributor to the report, warned that the rising debt levels could lead to sovereign defaults as governments try to stimulate their economies and combat recession. He warned that increasing levels of unemployment could result from higher debt levels, leading to social and political risks. The report identified unsustainable debt levels, the lingering effects of the financial crisis, underinvestment in infrastructure, and rising health costs from chronic diseases as top risks. Other potential threats included asset price collapse, risks related to Afghanistan, and a potential slowdown in Chinese growth impacting employment, social unrest, and exports. The report also expressed concerns about developed nations exceeding "unsustainable levels of debt," noting that full-blown debt crises would have serious social and political consequences, including increased unemployment. Daniel Hofmann, group chief economist at Zurich Financial Services, emphasized the unsustainability of government debt levels exceeding 100 percent of GDP, as seen in the United States and the UK. "There is a potential danger that investors may become fearful and doubt the sustainability of high debt levels, potentially leading to sovereign debt crises and defaults. The cases of Dubai and Greece should serve as early warnings for the global markets. Concerns over Dubai, Ukraine, and Greece have affected markets worldwide, with the possibility of continued pressure on these countries as well as Anglo-Saxon economies such as the US and UK. The World Economic Forum report emphasized the need for tough decisions in the near future, such as when to gradually reduce fiscal stimulus to ensure sustained economic recovery without worsening fiscal deficits. The report also pointed out a 'governance gap' between short-term pressures and the necessity for long-term decisions on issues like healthcare, pension reform, and climate change." The report highlighted the lack of action in addressing underinvestment in infrastructure, which could have negative impacts on food and energy security. The World Bank estimates that global infrastructure investment needs over the next 20 years amount to $35 trillion. The rising costs associated with chronic diseases due to increased life expectancy and unhealthy lifestyles must be addressed through prevention campaigns promoting healthier living, by both developing and developed nations. The report also emphasized that the biggest risks to the world may come from slow failures or gradual risks, as their impacts can be underestimated due to their emergence over a long period of time.