According to a report from Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), global warming is happening at a quicker pace than anticipated due to the rapid increase in greenhouse gas emissions since 2000, driven by fast economic growth. Emissions from burning fossil fuels have been rising by about 3 percent per year since 2000, compared to 1 percent per year in the 1990s. CSIRO scientist Mike Raupach stated that one of the main reasons for the acceleration in emissions is the fact that more carbon is being burned for every dollar of wealth generated worldwide. This has led to climate change progressing faster than previously predicted by studies conducted in the 1990s and early 2000s. Raupach, along with an international team of experts, was brought together by the Global Carbon Project to measure global carbon emissions and fossil fuel consumption. According to the report, the global carbon emissions from carbon dioxide have significantly increased from 6 billion metric tons in 1995 to nearly 8 billion metric tons in 2005. As countries progress through industrial development, they go through a phase of high and inefficient use of fossil fuels. While efficiencies improve along this development path, they eventually plateau. Industrialized nations like Australia and the US have reached this plateau, while developing countries like China are still in the intensive development phase. Since the industrial revolution, the US and Europe have been responsible for more than half of global emissions over the past two centuries, with China contributing less than 8 percent, as per the CSIRO report. The report stated that the 50 least-developed nations only contributed less than 0.5 percent of global emissions over a span of 200 years. It was noted that on average, individuals in Australia and the United States emit over 5 tons of carbon per year, whereas in China it is only 1 ton per year. Raupach emphasized the importance of considering both current and historical emissions when negotiating global reductions, stating that emissions reductions must be feasible and fair to be effective. The CSIRO report revealed that Australia's per capita emissions are one of the highest in the world, mainly due to its heavy reliance on fossil-fuel generated electricity and the use of cars and trucks for transportation. According to Raupach, there is still a long way to go in reducing emissions to achieve CO2 stabilization. Australia's improvements in energy efficiency have not kept pace with other developed countries. Like the United States, Australia has refused to sign the Kyoto Protocol, calling for a global scheme to replace it due to the exclusion of major developing nations like India and China from binding emission targets. China is the second largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world, following the United States. Negotiations for the next phase of the Kyoto agreement have not begun in earnest yet. India and China are against binding targets and are calling for wealthy nations, especially the United States, to make significant cuts in emissions.