In general, the promises made by governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are insufficient to prevent a temperature increase of 2 degrees Celsius, which is considered a critical point for extreme weather events and rising sea levels. A report from organizations like Christian Aid, Oxfam, the International Trade Union Confederation and WWF International concludes that major developed countries are not doing enough in relation to their fair share. This report comes as almost 200 nations gather in Bonn, Germany for talks ahead of the upcoming UN summit in Paris in December, where a deal on climate change beyond 2020 is expected to be reached. While around 150 nations have submitted plans to combat climate change, there is currently no established method for comparing the level of ambition of each nation. The report from Monday suggested that wealthy individuals could transition from using fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources, while also assisting others and taking on more responsibility due to their historical use of coal, oil, and natural gas since the Industrial Revolution. The report estimated that the United States and the European Union had committed to around 20% of their "fair share," while Japan had committed to approximately 10%. In contrast, emerging economies were found to either meet or surpass their fair share commitments. China was highlighted for exceeding its fair share by considering emissions since 1950, while Brazil was contributing significantly as well. Brandon Wu from ActionAid stated that wealthy countries were falling short in terms of both emission reductions and financial contributions during negotiations. Tasneem Essop from WWF International suggested that Paris should establish systems that allow actions to become increasingly stronger through regular evaluations based on science and fairness. Both major emitters, Beijing and Washington, have stated that their plans are ambitious. China aims to reach peak greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 2030, while the United States plans to reduce emissions by 26-28 percent by 2025 compared to 2005 levels. According to the report released on Monday, if current trends continue, temperatures are projected to increase by 3 degrees C (5.4F) or more above pre-industrial levels by 2100, surpassing the agreed maximum of 2C.