The sixth yearly report on the Low Carbon Economy Index by PwC examined the advancements made by major developed and emerging economies in decreasing their carbon intensity, or emissions per unit of gross domestic product. Jonathan Grant of PwC stated that the gap between current achievements and necessary actions is increasing each year. He noted that governments are becoming more disconnected from reality in striving towards the 2 degree goal, as current commitments are only leading us towards a 3 degree increase in temperature. This is far from what governments are aiming for. Almost 200 countries reached an agreement at the United Nations climate talks to restrict the increase in global temperatures to less than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels in order to prevent the harmful effects of climate change such as heat waves, floods, storms, and rising sea levels. Currently, temperatures have already risen by 0.85 degrees Celsius. To achieve this goal, carbon intensity will need to be reduced by 6.2 percent annually, which is a significant increase from the 1.2 percent reduction rate seen from 2012 to 2013. According to the study, achieving this annual reduction would require changes on a larger scale than what has been seen in recent shifts in energy production in some countries. France switched to nuclear power in the 1980s which resulted in a 4 percent decrease in emissions, while Britain's shift to gas in the 1990s led to a 3 percent cut. The United States experienced a 3.5 percent cut in emissions due to the shale gas boom in 2012. PwC noted that emerging economies like China, India, and Mexico have been reducing their carbon intensity at a faster rate than industrialized countries such as the US, Japan, and the EU. These emerging nations, which are major manufacturing centers, have emissions 1.5 times larger than the biggest developed economies, and it is crucial for them to decouple economic growth from carbon emissions. Australia has had the highest rate of decarbonization for two consecutive years, with a 7.2 percent decrease in carbon intensity in 2013. Despite being a major coal producer with high emissions per capita, Australia's efforts to reduce emissions have slowed down since the repeal of a carbon tax in July. Britain, Italy, and China all saw a decarbonisation rate of 4-5 percent, whereas France, the United States, India, Germany, and Brazil experienced an increase in their carbon intensity.