At the 170-nation climate talks in Bonn, there are proposals to assist developing nations in constructing nuclear power plants as part of an extension of a UN program designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This has sparked debate as nuclear power is a controversial option for expanding the program, which allows wealthy nations to invest in renewable energy projects in other countries and receive credit for reducing emissions domestically. Yvo de Boer, the head of the U.N. Climate Change Secretariat, stated that this is an issue that needs to be carefully considered, along with other suggestions such as providing incentives for carbon capture and storage, as well as promoting reforestation efforts to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Numerous countries and environmental advocates are against the idea of broadening the scope of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to encompass nuclear power. The CDM is a component of the United Nations' Kyoto Protocol, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions until 2012. According to Martin Hiller from the WWF conservation group, nuclear power is not a sustainable energy option and should not be included in the CDM. Instead, he believes the focus should be on promoting renewable energy sources. He expressed concerns about the dangers of nuclear power, despite its minimal greenhouse gas emissions compared to burning coal, oil, and gas. The discussions in Bonn, part of a series of negotiations to create a new climate treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol, will not address changes to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Many delegations are not in favor of including nuclear power in the CDM. There is uncertainty about whether nuclear power should be used as an alternative to fossil fuels to combat rising temperatures. De Boer suggested that the CDM could provide up to $100 billion annually to developing nations if industrialized countries agreed to significant emissions reductions and allocated half of these reductions overseas. The assumption was that credits for preventing greenhouse gas emissions would be around $10 per tonne. The CDM has projects approved or under consideration that could prevent a total of 2.7 billion tonnes of emissions by 2012, which is approximately equal to the combined yearly emissions of Japan, Germany, and Britain. De Boer dismissed criticisms that the CDM was flawed, such as accusations of giving significant profits to carbon traders and companies in China that eliminate HFC 23, a potent greenhouse gas produced as a byproduct of making refrigerants. He stated that it is not morally wrong for people to profit from removing a harmful greenhouse gas, as the market mechanism created is effective. Other critiques of the program question if the funding has actually resulted in reductions in emissions, or if these reductions would have occurred regardless due to preexisting government support for wind power in China or India.