Activists and left-wing leaders at a meeting in Bolivia's Cochabamba region concluded that big polluting countries need to aggressively reduce greenhouse gases and consider suggestions from smaller nations in order to combat global warming. They criticized the failed Copenhagen summit for excluding certain countries and environmental groups from active participation, and called for a more inclusive approach at the upcoming climate change meeting in Mexico. The Cochabamba summit proposed a more ambitious goal of cutting emissions by 50 percent, compared to the Copenhagen Accord's pledges of 7 to 16 percent reductions. Bolivian President Evo Morales emphasized the importance of listening to the people and making decisions that benefit everyone at the Mexico summit. Earlier in the summit, Morales caused controversy by stating that consuming chicken treated with hormones can lead to "sexual deviation" in men, and that European men experience hair loss due to their consumption of genetically modified food. The World People's Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth, which attracted around 20,000 environmentalists and representatives from 90 governments, took aim at capitalism, genetically modified food, and global warming. The event in the village of Tiquipaya featured participation from indigenous groups worldwide and included various activities such as concerts, theater performances, a handicrafts market, and artists creating murals. Countries such as Bolivia, Venezuela, Cuba, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Sudan, and Saudi Arabia, all part of a leftist group of Latin American nations, have strongly opposed the Copenhagen accord, with Morales stating that climate change disproportionately affects the southern hemisphere despite being created by the north. Canadian author Naomi Klein stated that if the simple fact of justice and decency is acknowledged, it would mean that southern countries are no longer dependent on aid. Klein, who is known for her activism against global warming, believes that the meeting in Cochabamba could strengthen alliances among nations already experiencing the impacts of climate change. She emphasized the importance of unity among developing countries and proposed the creation of an international tribunal to hold responsible parties for global warming, as well as a global referendum on climate change and a fund to assist nations affected by global warming. The resolutions are not mandatory, but participants at the summit have committed to rallying support for them before the United Nations summit on climate change in Cancun, Mexico in December. Alicia Barcena, the top UN representative at the meeting, acknowledged that grassroots groups were excluded from the Copenhagen summit and expressed doubts about the effectiveness of the Cancun summit. She suggested that the Rio+20 Earth Summit on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro in 2012 should be the ultimate goal.