Delegates at U.N. talks in Ghana stated that a planned treaty to fight global warming may include capping new greenhouse gases produced during the manufacturing of flat-screen televisions or some refrigerants. These gases, such as nitrogen trifluoride and fluorinated ethers, are responsible for a small percentage of emissions compared to traditional greenhouse gases emitted by wealthy nations, but their emissions are rapidly increasing. Yvo de Boer, head of the U.N. Climate Change Secretariat, expressed support for the idea of adding these gases to the list of those already capped by the U.N.'s Kyoto Protocol to combat global warming. He stated during the talks in Ghana that it is logical to address all gases contributing to climate change in order to have more flexibility in finding ways to reduce emissions. It is ultimately up to governments to make decisions regarding this issue. Over 190 nations have agreed to work on a new treaty to combat global warming and prevent the negative impacts of rising temperatures. Originally, the European Union had advocated for limiting the Kyoto treaty to only include carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels. Livestock emissions are not limited to carbon dioxide, with other gases like nitrous oxide and methane also being significant contributors. In addition, new gases like nitrogen trifluoride and fluorinated ethers are being used in various industries as replacements for ozone-damaging gases. Other gases like iodotrifluoromethane and methyl chloroform are by-products of the electronics industry. According to a technical report presented to delegates, there is very limited knowledge about the sources, current and future emissions, and atmospheric levels of these gases. The report stated that emissions in 1990 were believed to be close to zero but are now increasing exponentially. It was estimated that current annual emissions were less than 50 million tonnes of carbon dioxide, which is only 0.3 percent of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities in wealthy countries. The report also mentioned that the impact of introducing new gases to carbon markets was uncertain but could potentially increase demand for tradable units under the Kyoto Protocol. However, there were concerns that setting up new monitoring could be costly and could divert attention from more critical gases. Harald Dovland, a Norwegian official leading a group in Accra investigating new commitments by supporters of the Kyoto Protocol, stated that he is pressing the issue to gain a better understanding. The Kyoto Protocol requires 37 wealthy nations to reduce emissions by 5 percent from 1990 levels by 2008-2012. Dovland mentioned that although there are currently not large quantities of these new gases being emitted, many parties are aiming to prevent any increases.