Computer simulations of global weather patterns will eventually be able to accurately forecast weather events within a few kilometers, aiding in predicting the impact of dangerous weather phenomena. However, it may take 20 to 40 years for this level of accuracy to be achieved as computer technology advances, according to Alan Thorpe, director general of the UK-based European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Climate models, which are computer programs based on scientific principles, will play a key role in this advancement. Models with high resolutions are valuable for weather forecasting, climate understanding, and predicting climate change. The accuracy of results from a model with fine resolution depends on the computer capacity available. Thorpe mentioned that some climate models are now operating at resolutions as low as 100 km, a significant improvement from 10 to 15 years ago when resolutions were around 300 km. While global weather models are already being run at a 16 km resolution, the challenge lies in acquiring the necessary computer power to further increase resolution. Thorpe estimated that purchasing a top-of-the-line supercomputer could cost up to 200 million pounds, representing approximately 7 percent of the UK's annual science budget of 3 billion pounds. Thorpe emphasized the importance of recognizing climate change as a significant issue that warrants a high level of attention and resources. Some experts caution that the most severe consequences of climate change may occur between 2030 and 2050. Criticism has been directed at certain climate models for their lack of accuracy in predicting extreme events well into the future. ECMWF scientists are currently conducting extensive research on tipping points in the climate system, which are rapid and irreversible changes or changes that would be difficult to reverse. Thorpe emphasized the need to focus on these non-linear aspects of the climate system due to their potentially significant impact. He stated that the number of tipping points is still uncertain. While more rapid progress could be made by dedicating the entire science budget to these questions, a significant amount of research is already being conducted in these areas. Some tipping points, like the disappearance of summer Arctic sea ice or the Amazon rainforest, are anticipated to occur in the next few decades.