The sixth yearly report on the Low Carbon Economy Index by professional services firm PwC examined the advancement of major developed and emerging economies in decreasing their carbon intensity, or emissions per unit of gross domestic product. Jonathan Grant of PwC stated that the disparity between current achievements and necessary actions is getting larger each year. He noted that governments are becoming more disconnected from reality in their efforts to reach the 2 degree goal, as current pledges are only leading us towards a 3 degree increase, far from what governments are aiming for. Almost 200 countries have agreed at United Nations climate talks to limit the increase in global temperatures to less than 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels in order to prevent heat waves, floods, storms, and rising sea levels caused by climate change. Currently, temperatures have already risen by approximately 0.85 degrees Celsius. A study suggests that in order to achieve this goal, carbon intensity will need to be reduced by 6.2 percent annually, in comparison to the 1.2 percent reduction rate seen from 2012 to 2013. The study also states that achieving the 6.2 percent annual reduction would require changes of a much greater scale than recent shifts in energy production in certain countries. France transitioned to nuclear power in the 1980s, resulting in a 4 percent reduction in emissions. Britain's focus on gas in the 1990s led to a 3 percent decrease, and the United States saw a 3.5 percent cut due to the shale gas boom in 2012. PwC noted a positive development in emerging economies like China, India, and Mexico reducing their carbon intensity at a faster rate than industrialized countries. Australia had the highest rate of decarbonization for the second consecutive year, with a 7.2 percent reduction in carbon intensity in 2013. Despite being a significant coal producer, Australia's efforts to reduce emissions have slowed since the repeal of a tax on emissions in July. Britain, Italy, and China all saw a decarbonization rate of 4-5 percent, whereas France, the United States, India, Germany, and Brazil experienced an increase in carbon intensity.