An increase in anti-Western rhetoric is not likely to deter foreign investors from Libya, as Muammar Gaddafi has indicated that his political beliefs will not hinder economic reform. In early March, the long-time ruler criticized Western corporate "colonialism" during speeches commemorating the 30th anniversary of his Jamahiriyah system, which prohibits elections and political parties. These remarks are seen as an attempt to appease hardline advisors concerned about being marginalized by economic liberalization. They may also reflect Libya's dissatisfaction with what they perceive as insufficient recognition from the West for giving up their weapons of mass destruction in 2003. However, analysts believe that despite Gaddafi's strong opinions, they will not jeopardize the pro-business reforms he has initiated in the OPEC member country known for its oil and gas exports. Gaddafi has consistently expressed his displeasure with the pro-Western world economic order but acknowledges that Libya must cooperate with it to avoid economic calamity. Analysts believe his speeches are primarily for domestic audiences, as oil companies continue to operate despite his rhetoric. According to Monica Enfield of PFC Energy consultants, Gaddafi's behavior is typical of his eccentricity. Companies are accustomed to this behavior. Western companies may have concerns about this. Libyans are preparing militarily to protect against potential schemes by Western oil companies to put in place a figurehead ruler, according to Gaddafi. Gaddafi warned that anyone promoting colonization will face consequences. Gaddafi also suggested that an American company would be willing to support someone who promises to rule Libya and give them the majority of oil revenue. "Why not?" "They will offer him millions to make billions." Experts suggested that the speeches were directed towards members of powerful revolutionary committees who are concerned about their future in a more globally engaged Libya. The purpose of Gaddafi's loyal committees is to promote participation in government grassroots congresses and uphold loyalty to his ideology of no political parties. However, there are some committee members who have benefited financially from their connections to the government, leading them to view a more transparent and competitive business environment as a potential challenge. "He is appealing to the original supporters who rose with him," stated Mansour el-Kikhia, a Libyan political expert at the University of Texas. "These supporters are concerned that any change in his stance could impact them. He needs to assure them that they still hold importance." Ashour Shamis, a seasoned Libyan analyst based in the UK, suggested that Gaddafi's statements should be viewed within the framework of a battle between those in favor of economic reform and those against it. "Both factions are unsure of where they stand with him." He is attempting to reassure the committees by suggesting that while there may be changes in the future, they will not impact the core of the system. Some believe that the increasing business connections with the West show that the reformists are gaining support. A group of prominent companies, led by the US-Libya Business Association, visited Tripoli in December 2006 and were informed about $25 billion in investment opportunities. Association director David Goldwyn stated, "We were very impressed with the positive and productive discussions we had with the government." In February, Ahmed Fituri, head of the Americas department at Libya's foreign ministry, became the highest-ranking official to visit Washington since the announcement in 2003. Outrageous rhetoric was observed during Rex Tillerson's visit to Tripoli in February, where he attended the signing of an energy exploration venture. According to Claire Spencer of Britain's Royal Institute of International Affairs, the speeches made during the visit may have been a way to show that Libya still needs to be courted and remains important, especially after feeling ignored since the 2003 weapons move. It is believed that Libya suspects the US thinks it has already dealt with them, and they are now noticing that the more extreme rhetoric is coming from countries like Iran and Venezuela, which seems to garner more attention. In 2004, the United States lifted a broad trade embargo on Libya that had been in place since 1986, and diplomatic ties were restored in 2006. However, there have been disagreements between the two parties regarding the payment of restitution by Libya to the families of those who died in the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Scotland. The bomb, which was connected to Libyan agents, resulted in the deaths of 270 individuals. Numerous relatives of the victims claim that Tripoli has not fulfilled its restitution obligations.