The main issues of the 193-member General Assembly agenda include trade wars, migration, energy supplies, climate change, and poverty eradication. The actions of the Trump administration have become a common focal point, as it has shown disregard for international institutions like the United Nations. According to Jeffrey D Feltman, a veteran US diplomat, US policy will be a major topic of discussion among leaders at the assembly. Some notable leaders, including Presidents Xi Jinping of China, Vladimir Putin of Russia, Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, and Nicolás Maduro of Venezuela, are not expected to attend. However, only one prominent figure, President Volodymyr Zelenskiy of Ukraine, will be in attendance. Zelenskiy plans to meet with President Donald Trump amidst concerns that Trump had pressured him on US political matters. Significant moments and potential confrontations are expected early in the week. Leaders such as Bolsonaro, Trump, El-Sissi, and Erdogan, who share similar views, will be present. Trump will be joined by Bolsonaro, often compared to him as a mini-Trump, who is known for his controversial statements and dismissal of climate change concerns. Following Trump is President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi of Egypt, a former general who has become a symbol of the suppression of the Arab Spring uprisings, although his leadership was questioned recently due to protests in his country. Next in line is President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey, an authoritarian leader known for silencing critics and having a high number of journalists imprisoned by his government. The United States and Saudi Arabia are planning to present their case against Iran, with hopes of persuading other countries to take action. There were previous speculations of Trump meeting with President Hassan Rouhani of Iran, but after the attack on Saudi oil facilities on Sept 14, which US and Saudi officials attribute to Iran, such a meeting seems unlikely. US officials are preparing to present evidence to support their claim that Iran was behind the attack using drones and cruise missiles. Iran has refuted the accusation and instead, Yemen's Houthi rebels, who receive support from Iran in their battle against a Saudi-led coalition that has been bombing their country for over four years, have taken responsibility. President Rouhani is expected to claim that President Trump initiated the conflict by pulling out of the 2015 nuclear deal and imposing harsh sanctions that are severely affecting Iran's economy. The United States is working to create a coalition to deter Iran, although the specific methods of deterrence are unclear. The General Assembly allows the administration to focus on building alliances and applying political and economic pressure rather than rushing into a military response, as stated by Aaron David Miller, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. The United States will not be attending a climate change meeting where about 60 heads of state will speak at the Climate Action Summit, with initiatives including net-zero carbon emissions in buildings being announced. Despite President Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement in 2017, some state governors from the US Climate Alliance will attend the summit and engage with other delegations. Additionally, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin is set to meet with Chinese counterparts on the sidelines, indicating efforts to improve relations for trade negotiations after recent tensions. Recently, the two governments halted their increasing trade war, but some officials in the administration are advocating for Trump to confront other topics that are regarded as delicate by China. These topics include the pro-democracy demonstrations in Hong Kong, the suppression of Tibetans, and the detentions of over 1 million Muslims, primarily ethnic Uighurs. A government official suggested that Trump should at the very least condemn China for attempting to intimidate Uighur-American activists. Trump has not been vocal about human rights issues and has openly shown admiration for Xi and other authoritarian leaders. However, members of Congress from both parties are urging Trump to take action. Bills concerning the Uighurs, Tibet, and Hong Kong are intended to push Trump and his administration to adopt tougher stances. The leaders of Japan and South Korea are currently not on speaking terms due to a long-standing feud stemming from Japan's wartime occupation. This has resulted in strained trade relations and the termination of an intelligence-sharing agreement. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan and President Moon Jae-in of South Korea are not scheduled to meet. It is uncertain whether Trump can facilitate a three-way discussion between them. The common goal of all three leaders, which is North Korea's nuclear disarmament, may not see significant progress. Moon is expected to encourage Trump to renew diplomatic efforts with Kim Jong Un, although no high-ranking North Korean officials will be attending the General Assembly. A meeting of foreign ministers from 18 countries in the Western Hemisphere, including the United States, is planned to discuss potential actions against Maduro, who has overseen Venezuela's economic collapse and a regional crisis. The focus will be on urging the European Union to impose further economic sanctions on Maduro's supporters and crack down on smugglers of Venezuelan gold. Despite months of calls for his resignation, Maduro has managed to hold onto power. Negotiations between opposing factions in Venezuela came to a halt last week, causing tensions between the United States and Turkey. President Trump and President Erdogan are set to meet, but the results are uncertain. Various challenging issues have created conflict between their governments, including Turkey's purchase of a Russian missile defense system instead of American-made ones. Erdogan has also shown increasing frustration with the US for their joint actions in northern Syria. He claims that the Americans have not succeeded in creating a secure zone large enough to prevent Kurdish fighters from entering Turkey, which sees them as terrorist rebels. Erdogan issued a warning on Saturday, stating that his forces would take independent actions along the border if the United States did not take action by the end of the month. Lastly, Afghanistan will be the final country to address the General Assembly, following the breakdown of talks between the Taliban and the United States aimed at ending the 18-year war. President Ashraf Ghani, who is facing national elections next Saturday, was not anticipated to be present. The delegation from Afghanistan will be headed by Hamdullah Mohib, who serves as the national security adviser to Ashraf. Mohib caused anger within the Trump administration in March by stating that he believed the peace talks would not result in peace.