A report from Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) stated that global warming is progressing more quickly than anticipated due to increased greenhouse gas emissions from rapid economic growth since 2000. Emissions from burning fossil fuels have risen by about 3 percent annually since 2000, up from 1 percent in the 1990s. This acceleration is driven by the fact that more carbon is being burned per unit of wealth created worldwide. The lead scientist, Mike Raupach, explained that this rapid increase in emissions means that climate change is happening at a faster rate than previously predicted by studies conducted in the 1990s and early 2000s. Raupach and a team of experts from the Global Carbon Project quantified global carbon emissions and fossil fuel demand. The report discovered that in 2005, nearly 8 billion metric tons of carbon were released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide globally, compared to just 6 billion metric tons in 1995. According to Raupach, as countries go through industrial growth, they go through a phase of heavy and often inefficient use of fossil fuels. Efficiency improves as countries develop, but eventually levels off. Developed countries like Australia and the US have reached this plateau, while developing countries like China are still in the intensive development phase. Since the industrial revolution began, the US and Europe have been responsible for over 50 percent of global emissions over two centuries, while China's contribution is less than 8 percent, according to the CSIRO report. The report indicated that the 50 least-developed nations have contributed less than 0.5 percent of global emissions in the last 200 years. The average carbon emissions per person in Australia and the United States exceed 5 tons per year, while in China it is 1 ton per year. Raupach stated that this emphasizes the importance of reducing emissions and highlights the historical aspect of carbon emissions. He emphasized the need to consider both past and present emissions trajectories in global emissions reduction negotiations in order for reductions to be effective, workable, and equitable. The CSIRO report revealed that Australia has one of the highest per capita emissions in the world due to heavy reliance on fossil-fuel generated electricity and the use of cars and trucks for transportation. This indicates that Australia has a long way to go in reducing emissions to achieve CO2 stabilization, according to Raupach. Despite some improvements in energy efficiency, Australia's progress has not been as rapid as that of other developed countries. Australia, like the United States, has not signed the Kyoto Protocol due to concerns about its effectiveness and has called for a global scheme to replace it, arguing that it is unworkable because it does not include binding targets for major developing nations like India and China. China is the second largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world, following the United States. Talks have not yet begun in earnest regarding the next phase of the Kyoto agreement. India and China are firmly against mandatory targets and are pushing for wealthy countries, especially the United States, to make significant reductions in emissions.