In Copenhagen, environment ministers are working to resolve differences between wealthy and developing countries before the deadline for a global agreement on addressing climate change. Yvo de Boer, head of the UN Climate Change Secretariat, emphasized a disagreement between China and the United States, urging all nations to increase their efforts in the negotiations. He expressed hope that in the upcoming days, all countries would urge each other to take stronger actions. The ministers were engaged in informal discussions during a one-day break in the December 7-18 meeting that involved 190 nations. This meeting will end with a summit of world leaders on Thursday and Friday, including US President Barack Obama. Danish Minister Connie Hedegaard informed reporters that despite numerous challenges and unresolved issues, there is a political determination among ministers as they begin to arrive. The discussions involve representatives from both wealthy and impoverished nations who have been debating over the responsibility for reducing emissions, the extent of the cuts required, and who should provide the funding for them. Countries such as China and India are calling for developed nations to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide financial assistance to poorer countries in order to transition to more sustainable practices and adapt to a changing climate. Indian Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh expressed optimism about reaching a fair agreement in Copenhagen, emphasizing the importance of trust, courage, and conviction. Developed nations argue that developing countries need to commit to emissions reductions to avoid reaching dangerous levels of global warming. China is aiming to finalize a solid agreement before Premier Wen Jiabao attends the summit with other world leaders. Senior Chinese envoy Su Wei stated that the leaders are coming to celebrate the positive outcome of the talks. Archbishop Desmond Tutu handed over thousands of signatures to the UN's de Boer calling for climate action. A church service at Copenhagen's Cathedral was planned, with a sermon by Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams and attended by Danish royalty. Police have released all but 13 of nearly 1,000 people detained after a peaceful march turned violent. Some of the individuals who were detained claimed that they were unjustly arrested and mistreated by the police. Hana Nelson, a 24-year-old student from Halifax, Canada, who was released without being charged, stated, "They arrested us without cause. We were all behaving peacefully."