A major global report released on Tuesday urges wealthy nations to take the lead in reducing carbon emissions to prevent negative impacts on health, education, and poverty reduction for the world's poor. The UN Human Development Report (HDR) 2007-08 also calls on developed countries to offer incentives to developing nations to address the challenges of climate change. Titled "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world", the report was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) using information from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Synthesis Report. It outlines a strategy for climate change negotiations in Bali, Indonesia, emphasizing the importance of acting within a narrow ten-year window. The report warned that if action is not taken soon, temperatures could rise above two degrees Celsius, leading to the disappearance of Himalayan glaciers, which are crucial sources of water and food for over two billion people. According to lead author Kevin Watkins, the carbon budget for the 21st century is being overspent and could be exhausted by 2032, putting the most vulnerable populations at risk. The report calls on the wealthiest countries to take responsibility by cutting emissions by at least 80 percent by 2050 and investing in international adaptation efforts to protect the world's poor. The report suggests that developed nations should implement a new system to share clean energy technology with developing countries. It references the success of Bangladesh's adaptation initiative, stating that every dollar invested in this program saves two to three dollars in assets that would otherwise be lost to flooding. The report also emphasizes the importance of addressing the damaging effects of flooding on nutrition, health, and education. It calls for developing Asian countries, such as China and India, to commit to reducing emissions by at least 20 percent by 2050. UNDP administrator Kemal Derviş highlights the need for Asia to increase access to affordable energy while reducing carbon emissions. The report proposes the establishment of a Climate Change Mitigation Facility funded by developed nations to provide incentives, including access to clean energy technology, to help guide developing countries towards a more sustainable development path. Watkins believes that rich countries must provide proper funding for technology transfer to poorer countries as a way to address their carbon footprint. The Pathway for Bali 'Fighting climate change' outlines a detailed checklist for political leaders convening in Bali in December, offering a plan for a post-2012 multilateral agreement that is both binding and enforceable. This agreement is deemed crucial to protect the planet and its most vulnerable populations from the severe impacts of climate change. Key points of the plan include reducing emissions from developing countries by 20 percent by 2050 and from developed countries by 30 percent by 2020 and at least 80 percent by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. Additionally, the creation of a Climate Change Mitigation Facility is proposed to finance low-carbon energy investments in developing countries, providing them with the necessary resources to transition to low-emission pathways and incentivizing them to commit to international emission reduction targets. This would require an annual investment of $25-50 billion. One way to achieve this is by establishing a suitable cost for carbon emissions through a mix of carbon taxes and an extensive global increase in cap-and-trade systems. Another approach is to enhance regulatory requirements by implementing and upholding stricter efficiency standards for vehicle, building, and electrical appliance emissions. Support the advancement of low carbon energy production by acknowledging the untapped potential for an increase in the use of renewable energy sources and the necessity for immediate investment in innovative technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS). Allocate $86 billion or 0.2 percent of the combined GDP of northern countries towards adapting climate-resistant infrastructure and enhancing the ability of impoverished communities to withstand the impacts of climate change. Include adaptation in all strategies aimed at reducing poverty and extreme inequality, including poverty reduction strategy papers. Acknowledge the importance of carbon sequestration in forests and land in future global agreements, and support international financial transfer plans for forest conservation, as proposed by Brazil and other countries.