According to a report by the World Economic Forum, one of the main threats facing the world in 2010 is the possibility that worsening government finances could lead to full-blown debt crises. Major economies have responded to the financial crisis by implementing stimulus packages and supporting private debt, resulting in large deficits. While this may have helped prevent a more severe recession, it has raised concerns in financial markets about high levels of debt. Developed nations are particularly at risk, as many emerging economies, including those in Latin America, have already made efforts to improve their fiscal situations following previous shocks. The WEF think tank warned of the increasing risk of sovereign defaults as governments accumulate unprecedented levels of debt in an effort to stimulate their economies and combat the recession. John Drzik, Chief Executive of management consultancy Oliver Wyman, which contributed to the WEF report, emphasized the growing concern over sovereign defaults. He warned that increased levels of unemployment could result, along with potential social and political risks. The report identified unsustainable debt levels and the looming financial crisis as some of the top risks, along with underinvestment in infrastructure and rising health costs due to chronic diseases like Alzheimer's and diabetes. Other looming threats include asset price collapse, risks related to Afghanistan, and a potential slowdown in Chinese growth that could impact employment, fuel social unrest, and harm exports. The report also mentioned the danger of developed nations exceeding "unsustainable levels of debt," stating that full-blown debt crises would lead to social and political consequences, including higher unemployment. The group chief economist at Zurich Financial Services, a contributor to the report, emphasized that government debt levels of 100 percent of GDP, as seen in the United States and the UK, are not sustainable. Investors may become fearful and question the sustainability of high debt levels, potentially leading to sovereign debt crises and defaults. Early warnings like Dubai and Greece should be taken seriously, as worries over these countries have affected global markets. The United States and the United Kingdom also face tough decisions in gradually withdrawing fiscal stimulus to ensure sustained recovery without causing fear of sovereign debt deterioration. The report also emphasized the need for long-term decisions on issues like health and pension reform and climate change, highlighting a "governance gap" between short-term pressures and long-term needs. It was stated that not enough was being done to tackle the problem of underinvestment in infrastructure, which could have negative effects on food and energy security. The World Bank estimates that $35 trillion will be needed for global infrastructure investment in the next 20 years. The report also highlighted the increasing financial burden of chronic diseases due to longer life expectancy and unhealthy lifestyles, and stressed the importance of prevention campaigns promoting healthier living. The report warned that the biggest risks to the world may come from slow failures or gradual risks, as their impact and long-term implications can be underestimated due to their emergence over an extended period of time.